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1. A Benchmark Test for Ecohydrological Models of Interannual Variability of NDVI in Semi-arid Tropical Grasslands

Author:
Choler, Philippe; Sea, William; Leuning, Ray
Source:
Ecosystems 2011 v.14 no.2 pp. 183-197
ISSN:
1432-9840
Subject:
arid lands; climate; ecosystems; leaves; linear models; model validation; normalized difference vegetation index; parameter uncertainty; plant growth; primary productivity; remote sensing; soil water; soil water balance; time series analysis; tropical grasslands; Australia
Abstract:
... Pulses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in response to discrete precipitation events are an integral feature of ecosystem functioning in arid and semi-arid lands. Yet, the usefulness of nonlinear, ecohydrological pulse response functions to predict regional-scale patterns of annual ANPP at decadal scales remains unclear. Here, we assessed how different pulse response (PR) models comp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10021-010-9403-9

2. A biologically-consistent stand growth model for loblolly pine in the Piedmont physiographic region, USA

Author:
García, Oscar; Burkhart, Harold E.; Amateis, Ralph L.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2011 v.262 no.11 pp. 2035-2041
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Pinus taeda; biogeochemical cycles; climate; environmental impact; growth models; nutrition; piedmont; plantations; United States
Abstract:
... A theory-influenced dynamical stand growth model formulation described well the behavior of thinned and unthinned loblolly pine plantations. A simplification containing few free parameters performed as well as a fully parametrized version. It seems particularly well suited to situations where available data is scarce. The stand model can be interfaced to additional climate, nutrition and carbon cy ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.047

3. A broad-scale assessment of the effect of improved soil management on catchment baseflow index

Author:
Holman, I.P.; Hess, T.M.; Rose, S.C.
Source:
Hydrological processes 2011 v.25 no.16 pp. 2563-2572
ISSN:
0885-6087
Subject:
adverse effects; agricultural management; agricultural soils; biogeochemical cycles; climate; climate change; confidence interval; crop yield; environmental impact; hosts; hydrologic cycle; land cover; pollutants; rivers; simulation models; society; soil degradation; soil management; soil profiles; soil water; watershed management; watersheds; England; Wales
Abstract:
... Although the importance of sustainable soil management is recognized, there are many threats to soils including widespread soil structural degradation. This reduces infiltration through the soil surface and/or the percolation of water through the soil profile, with important consequences for crop yields, nutrient cycling and the hydrological response of catchments. This article describes a broad-s ...
DOI:
10.1002/hyp.8131

4. Acacia longifolia invasion impacts vegetation structure and regeneration dynamics in open dunes and pine forests

Author:
Rascher, Katherine G.; Große-Stoltenberg, André; Máguas, Cristina; Meira-Neto, João Augusto Alves; Werner, Christiane
Source:
Biological invasions 2011 v.13 no.5 pp. 1099-1113
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Acacia longifolia; canopy; climate; community structure; coniferous forests; drought; dunes; ecosystems; forest habitats; forest regeneration; indigenous species; leaf area index; light intensity; seedling growth; seedlings; shrubs; species diversity; trees; understory; Portugal
Abstract:
... Acacia spp. are among the most serious plant invaders worldwide, and Acacia longifolia specifically causes problems in Portugal. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of A. longifolia invasion on community structure, light climate, plant diversity and regeneration in pine forests and open stabilized dunes in northern and southern Portugal. Having the growth form of a small tree or shrub, between ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-011-9949-2

5. A case study of a typical 2.32kWP stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) in composite climate of New Delhi (India)

Author:
Chel, Arvind; Tiwari, G.N.
Source:
Applied energy 2011 v.88 no.4 pp. 1415-1426
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
case studies; climate; electricity costs; energy; heat exchangers; life cycle costing; power generation; summer; weather; winter; India
Abstract:
... This paper presents rigorous experimental outdoor performance of a 2.32kWP stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) system in New Delhi (India) for four weather types in each month such as clear, hazy, partially cloudy/foggy and fully cloudy/foggy weather conditions respectively. The daily power generated from the existing SAPV system was experimentally found in the range of 4–6kWh/day depending on the pre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.027

6. Accounting for behavioral effects of increases in the carbon dioxide (CO₂) tax in revenue estimation in Sweden

Author:
Hammar, Henrik; Sjöström, Magnus
Source:
Energy policy 2011 v.39 no.10 pp. 6672-6676
ISSN:
0301-4215
Subject:
carbon dioxide; climate; greenhouse gas emissions; income; issues and policy; Sweden
Abstract:
... In this paper we describe how behavioral responses of carbon dioxide (CO₂) tax increases are accounted for in tax revenue estimation in Sweden. The rationale for developing a method for this is a mix between that a CO₂ tax is a primary climate policy tool aiming to reduce CO₂ emissions and that the CO₂ tax generates sizable tax revenues. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.014

7. Accuracy evaluation of ClimGen weather generator and daily to hourly disaggregation methods in tropical conditions

Author:
Safeeq, Mohammad; Fares, Ali
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2011 v.106 no.3-4 pp. 321-341
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
meteorological data; statistics; evapotranspiration; stream flow; groundwater recharge; air temperature; dew; soil; watersheds; wind speed; rain intensity; climate models; hydrologic models; atmospheric precipitation; vegetation; climate; United States
Abstract:
... Daily and sub-daily weather data are often required for hydrological and environmental modeling. Various weather generator programs have been used to generate synthetic climate data where observed climate data are limited. In this study, a weather data generator, ClimGen, was evaluated for generating information on daily precipitation, temperature, and wind speed at four tropical watersheds locate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-011-0438-4

8. A cellphone based system for large-scale monitoring of black carbon

Author:
Ramanathan, N.; Lukac, M.; Ahmed, T.; Kar, A.; Praveen, P.S.; Honles, T.; Leong, I.; Rehman, I.H.; Schauer, J.J.; Ramanathan, V.
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2011 v.45 no.26 pp. 4481-4487
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air; air pollution; atmospheric chemistry; carbon; climate; climate change; climate models; color; cost effectiveness; equipment; image analysis; issues and policy; monitoring; photographs; quartz; reflectance; rural areas; temporal variation; wavelengths; California; India
Abstract:
... Black carbon aerosols are a major component of soot and are also a major contributor to global and regional climate change. Reliable and cost-effective systems to measure near-surface black carbon (BC) mass concentrations (hereafter denoted as [BC]) globally are necessary to validate air pollution and climate models and to evaluate the effectiveness of BC mitigation actions. Toward this goal we de ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.030

9. A century of tree line changes in sub-Arctic Sweden shows local and regional variability and only a minor influence of 20th century climate warming

Author:
Van Bogaert, Rik; Haneca, Kristof; Hoogesteger, Jan; Jonasson, Christer; De Dapper, Morgan; Callaghan, Terry V.
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2011 v.38 no.5 pp. 907-921
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
moths; Rangifer tarandus; monitoring; geomorphology; models; trees; reindeer; global warming; Betula pubescens var. pumila; latitude; photography; treeline; climate; Sweden; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Aim Models project that climate warming will cause the tree line to move to higher elevations in alpine areas and more northerly latitudes in Arctic environments. We aimed to document changes or stability of the tree line in a sub-Arctic model area at different temporal and spatial scales, and particularly to clarify the ambiguity that currently exists about tree line dynamics and their causes. Lo ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02453.x

10. Achievement of Geothermal Energy Using Ground Heat Exchanger in Ma'En

Author:
Al-Dabbas, Mohammed Awwad Ali
ISSN:
2048-4070
Subject:
buildings; climate; computer software; energy; equations; feasibility studies; fossil fuels; geothermal energy; heat; heat exchangers; homeowners; households; momentum; weather; Jordan
Abstract:
... Geothermal energy in Jordan is a low-emission and renewable source that could provide households and commercial buildings with both heating and cooling. Access to this ‘free’ energy may be available just a few feet underground. Thus, the objectives of this research are: Designing ground heat exchanger to utilize geothermal energy in heating in which the primary geothermal fluid is exchanged with s ...
DOI:
10.1260/0958-305X.22.8.1029

11. Acid Sensitivity of Lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada: Assessment of Lakes at Risk

Author:
Wolniewicz, Marta B.; Aherne, Julian; Dillon, Peter J.
Source:
Ecosystems 2011 v.14 no.8 pp. 1249-1263
ISSN:
1432-9840
Subject:
acidity; anthropogenic activities; atmospheric deposition; biodiversity; calcium; climate; dissolved organic carbon; emissions; lakes; land use; linear models; organic acids and salts; pH; risk; soil; sulfur; topography; watersheds; Nova Scotia
Abstract:
... The sensitivity of surface waters to acidic deposition is governed by the interaction of catchment geology, soils, topography, land use, climate and atmospheric deposition. Accordingly at the landscape scale, catchment attributes may be used to predict lake chemistry (for example, acid neutralising capacity (ANC), pH, calcium (Ca2+) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)). Empirical (multiple linear r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10021-011-9479-x

12. A Classification Procedure for Mapping Topo-climatic Conditions for Strategic Vegetation Planning

Author:
Serra, Josep Maria; Cristobal, Jordi; Ninyerola, Miquel
Source:
Environmental modeling and assessment 2011 v.16 no.1 pp. 77-89
ISSN:
1420-2026
Subject:
climate; ecosystems; environmental factors; landscapes; managers; planning; remote sensing; topography; uncertainty; vegetation; vegetation structure; Iberian Peninsula
Abstract:
... Environmental classification addresses issues involving the representation and analysis of continuous and variable ecological data. This study creates a methodology to define topo-climatic landscapes (TCL) in the north-west of Catalonia, which is situated in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. TCL provide data regarding the ecological behavior of a landscape in terms of its topography, physio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10666-010-9232-4

13. A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate

Author:
DOBROWSKI, SOLOMON Z.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.2 pp. 1022-1035
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
biogeography; climate; climate change; genetic variation; landscape position; landscapes
Abstract:
... There is compelling evidence from glacial and interglacial periods of the Quaternary of the utilization of microrefugia. Microrefugia are sites that support locally favorable climates amidst unfavorable regional climates, which allow populations of species to persist outside of their main distributions. Knowledge of the location of microrefugia has important implications for climate change researc ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02263.x

14. A comparative analysis of aerosol properties in dust and haze-fog days in a Chinese urban region

Author:
Yu, Xingna; Zhu, Bin; Yin, Yan; Yang, Jun; Li, Yanwei; Bu, Xiaoli
Source:
Atmospheric research 2011 v.99 no.2 pp. 241-247
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
aerosols; climate; optical properties; pollution; urban areas; wavelengths; weather; China
Abstract:
... A comparative study on the aerosol optical properties of two severe pollution phenomena occurred in Beijing, i.e. dust and haze-fog, was analyzed using solar and sky radiance measurements from 2001 to 2007. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed a distinct variation under different weather conditions, with an average 1.70 in dust days and 1.26 in haze-fog days. The values of Ångström exponent (α) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.10.015

15. A comparison of CMAQ-based and observation-based statistical models relating ozone to meteorological parameters

Author:
Davis, Jerry; Cox, William; Reff, Adam; Dolwick, Pat
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2011 v.45 no.20 pp. 3481-3487
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; climate; ozone; regression analysis; relative humidity; statistical models; temperature; wind speed; Eastern United States
Abstract:
... Statistical relationships between ground-level daily maximum 8-h ozone (O₃) concentrations and multiple meteorological parameters were developed for data drawn from ambient measurements and values that were simulated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This study used concurrent and co-located data from both sources during the O₃ sea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.060

16. A comparison of the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th century warming simulated by the FGOALS climate system model

Author:
Zhou, TianJun; Li, Bo; Man, WenMin; Zhang, LiXia; Zhang, Jie
Source:
Chinese science bulletin 2011 v.56 no.28-29 pp. 3028-3041
ISSN:
1001-6538
Subject:
simulation models; solar radiation; monsoon season; air temperature; global warming; latitude; rain; summer; troposphere; climate; Arctic region
Abstract:
... To compare differences among the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA), and 20th century global warming (20CW), six sets of transient and equilibrium simulations were generated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. This model was developed by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11434-011-4641-6

17. A comparison of the nuclear options for greenhouse gas mitigation in China and in the United States

Author:
Yang, Chi-Jen
Source:
Energy policy 2011 v.39 no.6 pp. 3025-3028
ISSN:
0301-4215
Subject:
carbon; carbon markets; climate; electricity; emissions; funding; greenhouse gases; industry; issues and policy; nuclear power; politics; public ownership; China; United States
Abstract:
... China is quickly building up its nuclear power capacity while the hailed nuclear renaissance in the United States has been largely stagnant. The political and industrial structures explain the divergent paths. This paper draws lessons from the French experiences in deploying nuclear power and uses the lessons in comparing Chinese and U.S. policies. An authoritative political system and state-owned ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.010

18. A conceptual framework for estimating the climate impacts of land-use change due to energy crop programs

Author:
Delucchi, Mark
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2011 v.35 no.6 pp. 2337-2360
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
bioenergy; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; ecosystems; emissions; energy crops; land use change; soil
Abstract:
... In this paper I discuss general conceptual issues in the estimation of the impacts of CO₂ emissions from soils and biomass, over time, as a result of land-use change (LUC) due to increased demand for energy crops. The effect of LUC on climate depends generally on the magnitude and timing of changes in soil and plant carbon, and in particular on the timing and extent of the reversion of land to ori ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.028

19. A conceptual model of valley incision, planation and terrace formation during cold and arid permafrost conditions of Pleistocene southern England

Author:
Murton, Julian B.; Belshaw, Roger K.
Source:
Quaternary research 2011 v.75 no.2 pp. 385-394
ISSN:
0033-5894
Subject:
basins; bedrock; climate; cold; floodplains; gravel; ice; models; permafrost; rivers; terraces; valleys; England
Abstract:
... Staircases of gravelly river terrace deposits in southern England occupy valleys typically underlain by frost-susceptible and brecciated bedrocks. The valleys developed during the Quaternary by alternating episodes of (1) brecciation, incision and planation through the bedrock, forming wide low-relief erosion surfaces; and (2) aggradation in braidplains of gravel a few meters thick that bury the e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.yqres.2010.10.002

20. A country case study comparison on groundwater and surface water interaction

Author:
Eslamian, Saeid; Karimi, Sara Shaeri; Eslamian, Faezeh
Source:
International journal of water 2011 v.6 no.1-2 pp. 117-136
ISSN:
1465-6620
Subject:
case studies; climate; groundwater; surface water; water resources
Abstract:
... Traditionally, managing water resources has focused on surface water or groundwater as if they were separate entities. As development of land and water resources increases, it is apparent that development of either these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other. Nearly all surface water features interact with groundwater. These interactions take many forms. This paper provides an ov ...
DOI:
10.1504/IJW.2011.043320