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laws and regulations; politics; exports; imports; case studies; agricultural history; economic policy; agricultural policy; international cooperation; Germany; United Kingdom; United States; Poland
... Rickettsia-like organisms (RLO) are obligate, often highly fastidious, intracellular bacterial parasites associated with a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Despite their importance as causative agents of severe mortality outbreaks in farmed aquatic species, little is known about their life cycle and their host range. The present work reports the characterization of "Candidatus Cryptop ...
Dehalococcoides; bacteria; biphenyl; chlorine; dechlorination; estuaries; gas chromatography; polychlorinated biphenyls; Hudson River; New York
Abstract:
... "Dehalococcoides" sp. strain CBDB1 in pure culture dechlorinates a wide range of PCB congeners with three to eight chlorine substituents. Congener-specific high-resolution gas chromatography revealed that CBDB1 extensively dechlorinated both Aroclor 1248 and Aroclor 1260 after four months of incubation. For example, 16 congeners comprising 67.3% of the total PCBs in Aroclor 1260 were decreased by ...
cultivars; pollination; fruits; honey bees; fruit set; flowers; Bombus; passion fruits; pollen; Israel
Abstract:
... Honeybees are the only pollinator of the Israeli passionfruit cultivar ‘Passion Dream’. The big flower opens in the morning with its three stigmas standing erect, far from the five stamens. Honeybees visit a flower at this stage, usually collect all the pollen, and perform poor pollination. At noon, when the stigmas have bent over and lie closer to the anthers, the bees ignore these flowers. Hand ...
... We demonstrate that the "HOOF-Print" assay provides high power to discriminate among Brucella isolates collected on a small spatial scale (within Portugal). Additionally, we illustrate how haplotype identification using non-random association among markers allows resolution of B. melitensis biovars (1 and 3). We recommend that future studies use haplotype identification when analyzing multilocus p ...
... Cationic substitutionally inert cyclometalated ruthenium (II) and osmium (II) complexes, ([Mt(o-C₆H₄-2-py)(LL)₂]PF₆), where LL-1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), were used for radical polymerization of styrene. Gradual modification of the complexes within the series allowed comparison of the catalytic activity and the redox properties. There was no correlation between the reduci ...
... When we reach toward objects, we easily avoid potential obstacles located in the workspace. Previous studies suggest that obstacle avoidance relies on mechanisms in the dorsal visual stream in the posterior parietal cortex. One fundamental question that remains unanswered is where the visual inputs to these dorsal-stream mechanisms are coming from. Here, we provide compelling evidence that these m ...
... A platform for profiling of multiple proteolytic activities acting on one specific substrate, based on the use of a 96-channel capillary DNA sequencer with CE-LIF of labeled substrate peptides and reaction products is introduced. The approach consists of synthesis of a substrate peptide of interest, fluorescent labeling of the substrate, either aminoterminally by chemical coupling, or carboxytermi ...
... Charles Darwin's work with orchids and his thoughts about them are of great interest and not a little pride for those who are interested in these plants, but they are generally less well known than some of his other studies and ideas. Much has been published on what led to his other books and views. However, there is a paucity of information in the general literature on how Darwin's orchid book ca ...
water management; land use change; rural infrastructure; irrigation; cotton; rural development; social adjustment; Mexico; United States
Abstract:
... In the Mexico-U.S. borderlands the social uses of water are changing as the focus of the economy shifts slowly from agriculture to industry and services. This article discusses the changes to the physical and social infrastructures erected during the first half of the twentieth century to support a regime of accumulation based in irrigated cotton. Infrastructure is proposed as a particularly usefu ...
... The traditional uses, therapeutic attributes, phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of 'African potato' (Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm) extracts have been reviewed. Available biomedical evidence suggests that 'African potato' is a potential plant-medicine for some modern and 21st century diseases of mankind. Thus far, biomedical evidence has revealed that 'African potato' extracts possess antii ...
... The effects of 'alperujo' compost on trace element availability and on microbial activity of two contaminated soils, a calcareous soil (S1) with high contents of Pb and Zn, and an acidic soil (S2) with a substantial amount of Al, As, Pb and Zn, were assessed. Additionally, the growth and capacity for contaminant phytoextraction of five Brassica species were studied. Compost amendment did not affec ...
... We discuss mechanisms that enable the scaling of pattern with size during the development of multicellular organisms. Recently, we analyzed scaling in the context of the early Xenopus embryo, focusing on the determination of the dorsal-ventral axis by a gradient of BMP activation. The ability of this system to withstand extreme perturbation was exemplified in classical experiments performed by Han ...
... Molecular signatures of new, as yet uncultured mollicute-like organisms (MLOs) have been detected in total rRNA and DNA extracted from tissues, gut contents and casts of four species of the earthworm family Lumbricidae. The MLO 16S rRNA sequences exhibited low identity to those of known Mollicutes species and formed a monophyletic cluster distantly affiliated to the 'Candidatus Bacilloplasma' (84. ...
... This paper examines the contribution of folk music to understanding the dynamic, fluid and multi-experiential nature of the countryside. Drawing from literature on the geographies of music, it examines the work of 'Show of Hands', a contemporary folk band from Devon in England. Three areas are studied. First, the paper examines the musical style of Show of Hands in order to explore how hybridised, ...
biodiversity; fish; fisheries; juveniles; market prices; markets; streams; India
Abstract:
... 1.Denison's Barb, Puntius denisonii (Day) is an endemic and endangered cyprinid fish of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in peninsular India, which is the focus of an organized yet undocumented fishery targeting juveniles for the international aquarium trade.2.Research on P. denisonii has been very limited and there has been no systematic effort to assess and monitor their abundance, distrib ...
... Cardiovascular benefits of dietary n-3 fatty acids have been shown. However, benefits of n-3 fatty acids as part of a high fat, low n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio diet has not been fully characterized. Aim of this study is to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic benefits of 'designer oils' containing a low ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids in C57BL/6 mice. Three groups of C57BL/6 mice were fed an atherog ...
advertising; business enterprises; consumer attitudes; e-mail
Abstract:
... As new technologies (e.g. online, mobile and interactive TV) develop worldwide, numerous types of personalized advertising, in which companies use an individual's name and/or other types of personal information, have become more popular in many countries. Using many types of information about specific individuals, personalized advertising is designed to convey a customized message at the right tim ...
... This article focuses on how the ideals of housing and homemaking were presented in post-war civic educational films in Finland. The films chosen for the article pertain to housing on a wide scope. The analysis shows that the ideals of good homes appeared to be remarkably consistent in the Finnish educational short films. The most important objective was to guide citizens towards careful household ...
rural communities; men; emotions; young adults; sport hunting; snowmobiling; adolescents; boys; Norway
Abstract:
... This paper is concerned with young rural men and how they 'do' identity politics living in a rural area of Norway. Focusing on how masculinity and rurality are constructed and interrelated in young men's narratives of living in a remote community, it is identified that young rural men reproduce, negotiate and transform local discourses of rural masculinity. First, the article shows that young men ...
Bidens pilosa; beverages; cold; kitchen gardens; leaves; tea; India
Abstract:
... Bidens pilosa L., a less-known cultivated tea species was collected from cold desert of Ladakh Himalaya, Jammu and Kashmir, India during 2004. The freshly harvested leaves are used in preparation of 'Ladakhi tea' locally known as 'Saja' or 'Soljaa' in cold desert of Ladakh Himalaya, Western Himalaya, Jammu and Kashmir. The local inhabitants were growing this species in their kitchen garden for thi ...
DNA; Lysobacter capsici; Lysobacter enzymogenes; fatty acid composition; genome; new species
Abstract:
... 'Lysobacter enzymogenes ssp. cookii' was proposed by Christensen and Cook in 1978; however, this subspecies name has not been cited in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and therefore the nomenclature has not been validated. In our genetic approach to clarify the relationships of the designated type strain of 'L. enzymogenes ssp. cookii' PAGU 1119 (GenBank accession number ATCC29488) within the ...
clay fraction; soil chemistry; water repellent soils; coniferous forests; risk assessment; soil analysis; forest soils; forest fires; soil parent materials; Western United States; Rocky Mountain region
Abstract:
... Soils under a wide range of vegetation types exhibit water repellency following the passage of a fire. This is viewed by many as one of the main causes for accelerated post-fire runoff and soil erosion and it has often been assumed that strong soil water repellency present after wildfire is fire-induced. However, high levels of repellency have also been reported under vegetation types not affected ...
orchards; simulation models; shelf life; correlation; chlorophyll; calibration; least squares; near-infrared spectroscopy; pears; model validation; firmness; ripening; reflectance; prediction
Abstract:
... We present a segmented partial least squares (PLS) prediction model for firmness of 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis L.) during fruit ripening under shelf-life conditions. Pears were collected from three different orchards. Orchard I provided the pears for model calibration and internal validation (set 1). These were transferred to shelf-life in the dark at 20±2°C and 70% RH, immediately after harvest ...
... Xylanase alone as 'single lay out' (strategy I) and in combination with pectinase as 'mixed lay out' (strategy II) was used to investigate their bio-bleaching potentials. Strategy I was carried at 70°C using 5U/g of xylanase at pH 9.5 and 12.5 whereas strategy II was carried out at 70°C using 5U/g of each of the enzyme, respectively at pH 9.5. Bio-bleaching caused 15% and 20% less Cl₂ consumption ...
Internet; food purchasing; issues and policy; purchasing; surveys; travel; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... In the UK, as elsewhere in Europe, government policy aims to reduce the use of private cars for consumer shopping trips. One major instrument of policy aims to ensure that new retail development is located in places accessible by all transport modes. This paper reviews the effectiveness of this and other such policies through analysis of survey evidence relating to routine shopping behaviour in th ...
... 'Swingle' citrumelo [Citrus paradisi MacFadenx Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] has been extensively used as a rootstock in several citrus growing regions of the World, including Southern Brazil where 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) is still the predominant variety despite being affected by several important pathogens. In this case, 'Swingle' citrumelo is used to produce nursery trees to esta ...
Archaea; Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans; Chromatiaceae; acetates; bacteria; carbon monoxide; databases; ecosystems; effluents; energy; energy use and consumption; genes; headspace analysis; metagenomics; methane production; niches; oxidation; prototypes; toxicity; toxins
Abstract:
... Carbon monoxide (CO), while a potent toxin, is also a key intermediate in major autotrophic pathways such as methanogenesis and acetogenesis. The ability of purple sulfur bacteria to use CO as an energy source was first described by Uffen in 1976. The prototype extremely thermophilic carboxydotroph Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans was described in 1991. Eight bacteria and one archaeon that utiliz ...
schools; rural communities; rural education and training; New Zealand
Abstract:
... This paper explores the impacts of proposed school closures on families in rural communities in the South Taranaki region of New Zealand. We situate this instance of educational restructuring in a critical policy context and present an account of its regional unfolding through drawing on local media coverage. We then interpret narratives gathered during an interview-based study of the proposed cha ...
total soluble solids; crop yield; food composition; strawberries; fruit quality; titratable acidity; cultivar identification; organic production; harvest date; weight; cultivars; research projects; firmness; photoperiod; USDA; germplasm releases; Fragaria ananassa; genetic variation; color; chemical constituents of plants; pedigree; Oregon; British Columbia
Abstract:
... 'Valley Red' is a new June-bearing (short day) strawberry cultivar from the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service breeding programme in Corvallis, Oregon, released in cooperation with the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, The Washington State University Agricultural Research Centre, and Agriculture and Agri-Foods Canada. 'Valley Red' was selected in 1996 from the cross ...
... BACKGROUND: The ornamental crop Calluna vulgaris is of increasing importance to the horticultural industry in the northern hemisphere due to a flower organ mutation: the flowers of the 'bud-flowering' phenotype remain closed i.e. as buds throughout the total flowering period and thereby maintain more colorful flowers for a longer period of time than the wild-type. This feature is accompanied and p ...
vinegars; fermentation; Robinia pseudoacacia; wood products; biomarkers; food composition; chemical composition; liquid chromatography; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; chemical structure; optical properties; flavonols; temporal variation; antioxidant activity; product authenticity
Abstract:
... The use of acacia wood for the aging of vinegars is increasing because the efficient air transfer through the pores permits a good acetification rate. In this study, vinegars aged in acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood barrels were analyzed and found to contain a characteristic compound, which increased during the aging process. This so far unknown compound was isolated by semipreparative LC and st ...
... Objective: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is thought to enhance insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, although doses used in in vitro experiments have been shown to promote apoptosis. To explore the effects of EGCG on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured in response to low doses ...
epigallocatechin; human cell lines; hepatoma; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species; green tea; enzymes; protective effect; cytotoxicity; cell culture; enzyme activity; protein synthesis
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the induction of apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cell lines in vitro and further examine the molecular mechanisms of EGCG-induced apoptosis. In the present study, it was observed that EGCG rapidly induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma SMMC7721 cells. EGCG-induced apoptosis was in association with the atten ...
... Background: Acquisition of metastatic ability by prostatic cancer cells is the most lethal aspect of prostatic cancer progression. (-)-Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound present in cottonseeds, possesses anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects in various cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, the differences between MAT-LyLu, rat prostate cancer cells, with a novel isolated subline ...
... Microwave (MW) dielectric ceramics based on the solid solution (1 − x)CaTiO₃–x(Li₀.₅Nd₀.₅)TiO₃ (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were prepared by conventional solid-state synthesis using the mixed oxide route. Compositions closest to zero τf (+65 ppm/°C) were obtained at x = 0.8 where εᵣ = 110 and the microwave quality factor, Qf ₀ ≅ 2600 GHz for samples sintered at 1300 °C. To reduce the sintering temperature and ...
Rhopalomyia; midges; sex pheromones; sex attractants; chemical composition; volatile compounds; enantiomers; antennae; electroantennography; synthesis; trapping; pheromone traps; Chrysanthemum morifolium; galls; China
Abstract:
... The sex pheromone of the chrysanthemum gall midge, Rhopalomyia longicauda (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the most important insect pest in commercial plantations of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel., in China, was identified, synthesized, and field-tested. Volatile chemicals from virgin females and males were collected on Porapak in China and sent to the United Kingdom for analysis ...
... Since its emergence as a pest of grapevine about 150 years ago, studies on the life cycle and mode of reproduction of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) have been of considerable scientific interest and importance for applied viticulture. The life cycle of grape phylloxera, as described in the mid to late nineteenth century, is still subject to discussion ...
... One hundred and fifty-eight strains of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were subjected to (GTG)₅-PCR fingerprinting to construct a reference framework for their rapid classification and identification. Most of them clustered according to their respective taxonomic designation; others had to be reclassified based on polyphasic data. This study shows the usefulness of the method to determine the taxonomic ...
... Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, legumes interact with symbiotic rhizobia to produce nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We have previously shown that glutathione and homoglutathione [(h)GSH] deficiencies impaired Medicago truncatula symbiosis efficiency, showing the importance of the low Mr thiols during the nodulation process in the model legume M. truncatula. In this study, the plant transcriptomi ...
cations; chemical communication; chemical reactions; ligands; organic matter; selenides; semiconductors
Abstract:
... A hybrid, organic–inorganic ternary semiconductor with chemical formula (H₂NC₄H₈NCH₂CH₂NH₂)₂Zn₂Sn₂Se₇ is reported in which the organic molecules have a dual role, acting simultaneously as ligands and charge balancing cations. ...
... In this study, vinyl ester monomers were synthesized by an amine catalyzed Michael addition reaction between a multifunctional thiol and the acrylate double bond of vinyl acrylate. The copolymerization behavior of both methacrylate/vinyl ester and acrylate/vinyl ester systems was studied with near-infrared spectroscopy. In acrylate/vinyl ester systems, the acrylate groups polymerize faster than th ...
... Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the western hemisphere. Currently available synthetic vascular conduits, like Dacron or ePTFE show excellent long-term results for large-caliber arterial reconstruction (aorta, iliac vessels) but when used for small diameter (<4 mm) vessel reconstruction, patency rates are extremely poor. We therefore aim at developi ...