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1. Application of pathogen surveys, disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an IPM approach for the control of wheat yellow rust

Author:
Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Henriksen, Karen E.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 377-385
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Internet; Triticum aestivum; breeding lines; decision support systems; genes; genetics; integrated pest management; pathogens; pathotypes; pesticide application; plant breeding; plant protection; stripe rust; surveys; varietal resistance; virulence; wheat; Denmark
Abstract:
... The present paper presents the rationale for the use of pathogen surveys, inoculated and non-inoculated disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an integrated approach to control wheat yellow rust in Denmark. The non-inoculated disease observation plots, which gave valuable information about yellow rust at the year, site and variety level, served as the primary sample source fo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9303-4

2. Control of plant diseases by natural products: Allicin from garlic as a case study

Author:
Slusarenko, Alan J.; Patel, Anant; Portz, Daniela
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 313-322
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Alternaria; Arabidopsis; Magnaporthe; Phytophthora; allicin; alliin lyase; carrots; case studies; downy mildew; encapsulation; fungi; garlic; inoculum; juices; leaf blight; organic production; plant pathogenic bacteria; plant protection; planting; potatoes; proteins; rice; salicylic acid; seeds; systemic acquired resistance; thiols; tomatoes; tubers
Abstract:
... This review aims to increase awareness of the potential for developing plant protection strategies based on natural products. Selected examples of commercial successes are given and recent data from our own laboratory using allicin from garlic are presented. The volatile antimicrobial substance allicin (diallylthiosulphinate) is produced in garlic when the tissues are damaged and the substrate all ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9232-7

3. Exploiting generic platform technologies for the detection and identification of plant pathogens

Author:
Boonham, Neil; Glover, Rachel; Tomlinson, Jenny; Mumford, Rick
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 355-363
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
animal health; biosecurity; diagnostic techniques; hosts; human health; microarray technology; nucleic acids; pathogen identification; plant identification; plant pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; screening
Abstract:
... The detection and identification of plant pathogens currently relies upon a very diverse range of techniques and skills, from traditional culturing and taxonomic skills to modern molecular-based methods. The wide range of methods employed reflects the great diversity of plant pathogens and the hosts they infect. The well-documented decline in taxonomic expertise, along with the need to develop eve ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9284-3

4. How can we exploit functional genomics approaches for understanding the nature of plant defences? Barley as a case study

Author:
Collinge, David B.; Jensen, Michael K.; Lyngkjaer, Michael F.; Rung, Jesper
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 257-266
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Hordeum vulgare; barley; biotic stress; cDNA libraries; case studies; cost effectiveness; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; gene expression; genes; genomics; messenger RNA; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; rice; transcription (genetics); transcriptome
Abstract:
... The concept 'functional genomics' refers to the methods used for the functional characterisation of genomes. The methods utilised provide new opportunities for studying the nature and role of defence mechanisms in plants. Unlike Arabidopsis, poplar and rice, the full genomic sequence of barley is not available. In this case, the analysis of barley gene expression data plays a pivotal role for obta ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9271-8

5. Integration of breeding and technology into diversification strategies for disease control in modern agriculture

Author:
Finckh, Maria R.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 399-409
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
coevolution; crossing; cultivars; disease control; environmental factors; growers; harvesting; landraces; marketing; pathogens; pests; plant pathology; planting; selection criteria
Abstract:
... While diversity for resistance has been recognised for more than 60 years as a key factor in disease management, and diversification strategies such as cultivar mixtures and multilines are described and advocated in almost every plant pathology textbook, the general view in modern agriculture is that diversity would be too difficult and expensive to implement. In addition, difficulties in marketin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9273-6

6. International standards for the diagnosis of regulated pests

Author:
Petter, Françoise; Roy, Anne Sophie; Smith, Ian
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 331-337
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Food and Agriculture Organization; databases; plant pests; plant protection; surveys
Abstract:
... For the last 10 years, the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) has run a European Panel on diagnostics, which has developed regional standards on diagnostic protocols. Nearly 80 such standards have now been approved, and are in active use in EPPO countries. In 2003, the Commission for Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) of FAO, in reviewing global needs for International Stand ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9248-z

7. Mechanisms modulating fungal attack in post-harvest pathogen interactions and their control

Author:
Prusky, Dov; Lichter, Amnon
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 281-289
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
acidification; fruits; growth and development; host-pathogen relationships; organic acids and salts; hosts; reactive oxygen species; secretion; signal transduction; disease control; hydrolases; maceration; microbial growth; pH; alkalinization; ammonification; pathogens; fungi
Abstract:
... As biotrophs, insidious fungal infections by post-harvest pathogens remain quiescent during fruit growth, but at a particular phase, during ripening and senescence, the pathogens transform to necrotrophs and elicit the typical decay symptoms. Exposure of unripe hosts to pathogens initiates defensive signal-transduction cascades that limit fungal growth and development. Exposure to the same pathoge ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9257-y

8. Molecular approaches for characterization and use of natural disease resistance in wheat

Author:
Kaur, Navreet; Street, Kenneth; Mackay, Michael; Yahiaoui, Nabila; Keller, Beat
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 387-397
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
alleles; breeding; crop production; disease resistance; ecology; gene pool; genetic markers; genetic resistance; genetic variation; genome mining; germplasm; haplotypes; landraces; loci; molecular cloning; pathogens; polyploidy; powdery mildew; races; wheat; wild relatives
Abstract:
... Wheat production is threatened by a constantly changing population of pathogen species and races. Given the rapid ability of many pathogens to overcome genetic resistance, the identification and practical implementation of new sources of resistance is essential. Landraces and wild relatives of wheat have played an important role as genetic resources for the improvement of disease resistance. The u ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9252-3

9. Priming: it's all the world to induced disease resistance

Author:
Goellner, Katharina; Conrath, Uwe
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 233-242
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
abiotic stress; beneficial microorganisms; chemical treatment; disease resistance; induced resistance; pathogens; plant protection; roots
Abstract:
... After infection by a necrotising pathogen, colonisation of the roots with certain beneficial microbes, or after treatment with various chemicals, many plants establish a unique physiological situation that is called the 'primed' state of the plant. In the primed condition, plants are able to 'recall' the previous infection, root colonisation or chemical treatment. As a consequence, primed plants r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9251-4

10. Problems with disseminating information on disease control in wheat and barley to farmers

Author:
Jørgensen, Lise Nistrup; Noe, Egon; Nielsen, Ghita C.; Jensen, Jens Erik; Ørum, Jens Erik; Pinnschmidt, Hans O.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 303-312
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
barley; decision making; decision support systems; disease control; economic incentives; epidemiology; farm programs; farm size; farmers; field experimentation; fungicides; host-pathogen relationships; plant protection; risk; wheat
Abstract:
... Plant pathologists have traditionally worked in the area of clarifying and understanding the disease cycles of specific diseases, factors influencing epidemiology, yield loss potential and host-pathogen interactions in order to be able to minimise the disease risk, build warning systems or recommend specific control thresholds in relation to the application of fungicides. The decision support syst ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9259-9

11. Quality assurance in plant health diagnostics - the experience of the Danish Plant Directorate

Author:
Thrane, Charlotte
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 339-346
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
diagnostic techniques; governance; laboratory techniques; motivation; plant health; traceability
Abstract:
... Worldwide, there is increasing focus on implementation of Quality Assurance systems (QA-systems) in plant health diagnostic laboratories. Several laboratories are in the development or implementation phase and some laboratories have gained accreditation through approval by national accreditation boards. To initiate the process of developing and implementing QA-systems, management and staff need a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9247-0

12. Resistance proteins: scouts of the plant innate immune system

Author:
Tameling, Wladimir I. L.; Takken, Frank L. W.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 243-255
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
innate immunity; mechanism of action; microorganisms; pathogens; receptors; secretion; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Recognition of non-self in plants is mediated by specialised receptors that upon pathogen perception trigger induction of host defence responses. Primary, or basal, defence is mainly triggered by trans-membrane receptors that recognise conserved molecules released by a variety of (unrelated) microbes. Pathogens can overcome these basal defences by the secretion of specific effectors. Subsequent re ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9187-8

13. Roles of reactive oxygen species in interactions between plants and pathogens

Author:
Shetty, Nandini P.; Jørgensen, Hans J. Lyngs; Jensen, Jens Due; Collinge, David B.; Shetty, H. Shekar
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 267-280
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
byproducts; fungi; growth regulators; host-pathogen relationships; hydrogen peroxide; hydroxyl radicals; metabolism; nitric oxide; nitrogen; oxygen; plant biology; plant pathogens; singlet oxygen; superoxide anion; toxicity
Abstract:
... The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the consumption of molecular oxygen during host-pathogen interactions is termed the oxidative burst. The most important ROS are singlet oxygen (¹O₂), the hydroxyperoxyl radical (HO₂·), the superoxide anion [graphic removed] , hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the hydroxyl radical (OH⁻) and the closely related reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO). ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9302-5

14. The challenge of providing plant pest diagnostic services for Africa

Author:
Smith, Julian J.; Waage, Jeff; Woodhall, James W.; Bishop, Sam J.; Spence, Nicola J.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 365-375
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Pelargonium; Puccinia graminis; Ralstonia solanacearum; Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum; bananas; case studies; climate change; cropping systems; globalization; infrastructure; issues and policy; monitoring; pests; private sector; risk analysis; stem rust; trade; wheat; Eastern Africa; Europe
Abstract:
... The consequences of a globalisation of trade and climate change present an increased threat from first-entry pests and a challenge to plant health authorities. In this paper, pest reporting for the continents of Africa and Europe are discussed, and argued as a barometer of effective Plant Pest Diagnostic Services (PPDS) in terms of human capacity, infrastructure and policy-culture for phytosanitar ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-008-9311-4

15. Tracking fungi in soil with monoclonal antibodies

Author:
Thornton, Christopher R.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 347-353
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Trichoderma; immunoassays; lettuce; monoclonal antibodies; plant pathogenic fungi; population dynamics; rhizosphere; saprotrophs; soil; soil fungi
Abstract:
... Species of the genus Trichoderma are ubiquitous soil-borne fungi that exhibit antagonism towards a number of economically important plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. This review discusses recent developments in the use of monoclonal antibodies to detect these fungi in their natural soil environments and to quantify their population dynamics during antagonistic interactions with saprotrophic co ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9228-3

16. Use of Coniothyrium minitans as a biocontrol agent and some molecular aspects of sclerotial mycoparasitism

Author:
Whipps, J. M.; Sreenivasaprasad, S.; Muthumeenakshi, S.; Rogers, C. W.; Challen, M. P.
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Coniothyrium minitans; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; application methods; biological control agents; genes; mechanism of action; mycoparasites; pathogenicity; pathogens; sclerotia
Abstract:
... The use of the sclerotial mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans as a biological control agent of diseases caused by sclerotium-forming pathogens especially Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is briefly reviewed. A number of studies have examined production and application methods, integrated control, ecology, and modes of action in order to understand the biology of the mycoparasite and enhance activity and re ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9238-1

17. What are the prospects for genetically engineered, disease resistant plants

Author:
Collinge, David B.; Lund, Ole Søgaard; Thordal-Christensen, Hans
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 217-231
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
crops; disease resistance; genetically modified organisms; insects; plant diseases and disorders
Abstract:
... Insect and herbicide-resistant plants are the most widely grown transgenics in agricultural production. No strategy using genetically engineered plants for disease resistance has had a comparable impact. Why is this? What are the prospects for introducing transgenic disease resistant plants to agriculture? We review the biological background for strategies used to make disease resistant GM crops, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9229-2

18. What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Author:
Ludwig-Müller, Jutta; Schuller, Astrid
Source:
European journal of plant pathology 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 291-302
ISSN:
0929-1873
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Plasmodiophora brassicae; auxins; clubroot; crops; cytokinins; glucosinolates; homeostasis; microarray technology; mutants; pathogens; plant hormones; protists; root galls; roots; secondary metabolites; source-sink relationships
Abstract:
... The clubroot disease of cruciferous crops is caused by an obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by the development of large root galls accompanied by changes in source-sink relations and the hormonal balance within the plant. Since the disease is difficult to control, it is of high economic interest to understand the events leading to gall formation. I ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10658-007-9237-2

19. Biomass production, photosynthesis, and leaf water relations of Spartina alterniflora under moderate water stress

Author:
Hessini, Kamel; Ghandour, Mohamed; Albouchi, Ali; Soltani, Abdelaziz; Werner, Koyro Hans; Abdelly, Chedly
Source:
Journal of plant research 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 311-318
ISSN:
0918-9440
Subject:
Spartina alterniflora; biomass production; drought; ecosystems; field capacity; greenhouses; irrigation rates; land restoration; leaves; modulus of elasticity; photosynthesis; physiological response; stomatal conductance; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... The perennial smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, has been successfully introduced in salty ecosystems for revegetation or agricultural use. However, it remains unclear whether it can be introduced in arid ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological response of this species to water deficiency in a climate-controlled greenhouse. The experiment consisted of two level ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10265-008-0151-2
PubMed:
18389173

20. Bumblebee pollination and reproductive biology of Rhododendron semibarbatum (Ericaceae)

Author:
Ono, Akiko; Dohzono, Ikumi; Sugawara, Takashi
Source:
Journal of plant research 2008 v.121 no.3 pp. 319-327
ISSN:
0918-9440
Subject:
Bombus; Rhododendron; flowering; flowers; hairs; males; nectar; nectar secretion; outcrossing; pollen; pollination; pollinators; ultraviolet radiation; Japan
Abstract:
... The reproductive characteristics and pollination system of Rhododendron semibarbatum were investigated at two sites in Honshu, Japan. This species is protandrous, partially self-incompatible at postzygotic stages, and requires outcrossing via pollinator visitation for effective seed production. The effective pollinators were two bumblebee species: males of Bombus ardens at Miyama, and workers of B ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10265-008-0155-y
PubMed:
18392555