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1. Comparison of larval performance between Thai and Vietnamese freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man): a preliminary study

Author:
Bart, A.N.; Yen, P.T.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2003 v.34 no.15 pp. 1453-1458
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Macrobrachium rosenbergii; shrimp; larvae; animal development; metamorphosis; mortality; freshwater aquaculture; abiotic stress; stress tolerance; oxygen; salinity; formaldehyde; Thailand; Vietnam
Abstract:
... This study compared the performance of larvae of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Thailand and Vietnam. Thai broods were collected from a farm and Vietnamese broods were collected from a river. Larvae from these two sources were raised in identical environments, and their rates of development and survival as well as their ability to withstand environmental stresses were asse ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00977.x

2. Effect of oral tamoxifen on growth and survival in the bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco

Author:
Park, I.S.; Oh, H.S.; Koo, J.G.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2003 v.34 no.15 pp. 1471-1474
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Siluriformes; catfish; freshwater fish; animal growth; body weight; mortality; protein content; lipid content; ash content; feeds; tamoxifen; growth regulators; oral administration; dose response; fish culture; freshwater aquaculture
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00973.x

3. Effects of shelter on growth and survival in age-0 black sea bass, Centropristis striata (L.)

Author:
Gwak, W.S.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2003 v.34 no.15 pp. 1387-1390
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
bass; aquarium fish; juveniles; animal growth; body size; body weight; feed conversion; aggregation behavior; agonistic behavior; mortality; animal age; aquaculture tanks; fish culture; mariculture
Abstract:
... Black sea bass Centropristis striata (L.) juveniles were reared in aquaria containing either shelter or no shelter to investigate the effects of shelter on growth and survival. The specific growth rates of juveniles were significantly higher in the sheltered aquaria. With shelter present, the average mortality of juveniles caused by agonistic behaviour was 44% compared with no mortality in the uns ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00956.x

4. On the relationship between low winter temperatures and mortality of juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus L., cultured in western Norway

Author:
Strand, O.; Brynjeldsen, E.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2003 v.34 no.15 pp. 1417-1422
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Pecten maximus; scallops; juveniles; mortality; seasonal variation; winter; water temperature; cold; mollusc culture; Norway
Abstract:
... The mortality of juvenile scallops (Pecten maximus L.) cultured at two densities at 8- and 15-m depth was investigated at 17 trial locations along the western Norwegian coast between latitudes 58 and 65 °N. During the winter of 1995/1996, scallops suffered high mortality at many sites. The results show a clear relationship between minimum temperature recorded on the sites and scallop mortality. Al ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.2003.00968.x

5. A comparative analysis of the fixed-input, computer modeling, and algal bioassay approaches for identifying pond fertilization requirements for semi-intensive aquaculture

Author:
Knud-Hansen, C.F.; Hopkins, K.D.; Guttman, H.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 189-214
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fish farms; Oreochromis niloticus; tilapia (common name); fish culture; fish ponds; nutrients; poultry manure; nitrogen; urea; phosphorus; superphosphate; carbon; mortality; phytoplankton; water quality; fish production; primary productivity; cost analysis; computer software; models; bioassays
Abstract:
... This paper compares three different strategies/treatments for determining fertilization rates for producing natural foods in semi-intensive aquaculture ponds. The first strategy used a predetermined, fixed-input rate of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) based on results from previous yield trials. The second strategy was based on algal nutrient concentrations, and used biweekly water quality measure ...

6. Effect of different temperature regimes on reproductive conditioning in the scallop Argopecten purpuratus

Author:
Martinez, G.; Perez, H.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 153-167
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fertilization (reproduction); Argopecten purpuratus; scallops; mollusc culture; larvae; water temperature; animal reproduction; gonads; gametogenesis; sexual maturity; spawning; muscles; oocytes; mass; lipid content; protein content; carbohydrate content; fecundity; mortality; photoperiod; animal nutrition; Chile
Abstract:
... Adult Argopecten purpuratus were conditioned under four different temperature regimes and their gonadal development and quality of the resulting offspring evaluated. Biochemical composition of muscle and gonad, during laboratory conditioning at the different treatments, was also examined. Spawned-out individuals were obtained from commercial culture centers for experimentation. Test groups of scal ...

7. Effects of chronic ammonia exposure on growth and food conversion efficiency in juvenile spotted wolffish

Author:
Foss, A.; Evensen, T.H.; Vollen, T.; Oiestad, V.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 215-224
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Anarhichas; juveniles; fish culture; ammonia; excreta; toxicity testing; animal growth; feed conversion; raceways; body weight; feed intake; equations; water temperature; pH; stocking rate; mortality; Norway
Abstract:
... The effects of chronic un-ionised ammonia (UIA) exposure on growth and food conversion efficiency (FCE) in spotted wolffish, Anarhichas minor Olafsen, were examined. Fish with a mean (S.D.) initial weight 14.2 (5.0) g were reared in shallow raceways (initial stocking density of 3.9 kg m-2) and exposed to four concentrations of UIA [0.0006 (control), 0.13 (low), 0.25 (medium) and 0.39 mg l-1 (high) ...

8. Evaluation of the progeny of second-generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines for resistance to QX disease Marteilia sydneyi

Author:
Nell, J.A.; Hand, R.E.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 27-35
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
oysters; oyster culture; animal growth; Marteilia; Ostreidae; protozoal infections; mortality; disease resistance; selection criteria; breeding lines; New South Wales
Abstract:
... The progeny of second-generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines were tested for resistance to QX disease Marteilia sydneyi against a non-selected control. Mortality was reduced from 85.7+/-1.5% for the controls to 63.5+/-1.2% for the most improved breeding line. This is a reduction in mortality of 22% after only two generations of selection. These partially QX ...

9. Incubation of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Pimelodidae), eggs at different calcium and magnesium concentrations

Author:
Silva, L.V.F.; Golombieski, J.I.; Baldisserotto, B.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 279-287
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fish culture; ammonia; fish eggs; Rhamdia quelen; calcium; alkalinity; magnesium; water hardness; freshwater fish; water temperature; hatching; pH; catfish; calcium carbonate; hydrochemistry; dissolved oxygen; mortality; Brazil
Abstract:
... Ca2+ and Mg2+ are important for ionic regulation of freshwater fish because both ions influence the permeability of biological membranes, preventing diffusive flow and high ionic loss to water. The objective of this study was to analyze the hatchery rate and post-hatch survival of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) eggs at different Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. Eggs were incubated in continuously ae ...

10. Induced sex change, spawning and larviculture of potato grouper, Epinephelus tukula

Author:
Yeh, S.L.; Dai, Q.C.; Chu, Y.T.; Kuo, C.M.; Ting, Y.Y.; Chang, C.F.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 371-381
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fins; animal morphology; gonads; propionates; fish feeding; juveniles; drug implants; pigmentation; sex ratio; length; females; body weight; histology; methyltestosterone; hormonal regulation; testosterone; larvae; oocytes; mortality; fish culture; sexual maturity; rearing; spawning; body size; Epinephelus; grouper; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The potato grouper (Epinephelus tukula) is a new aquaculture species with high economic potential. This is the first report of induced sex change, reproduction and larval rearing in this species. The smallest body size at which mature females were observed was 90 cm in total length and 16 kg in body weight. The diameter of tertiary yolk globule stage of oocytes was 505 +/- 10 micrometer for 16-24 ...

11. Laboratory analysis of predation by cyclopoid copepods on first-feeding larvae of cultured Brazilian fishes

Author:
Fregadolli, C.H.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 123-140
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
Copepoda; fish feeding; fish culture; fish larvae; predation; predator-prey relationships; mortality; fins; animal injuries; animal growth; plankton; population density; Brazil
Abstract:
... Predation by a tropical cyclopoid copepod, Thermocyclops decipiens, on first-feeding larvae of cultured Brazilian fishes, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Colossoma macropomum, was studied in the laboratory. The experiments were designed to quantify the predatory effects of cyclopoid on larval mortality, fin damage and growth in response to a broad range of zooplankton that varied with respect to compo ...

12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in total lipid and phospholipids of chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus (L.) larvae: effects of diet and temperature

Author:
Farias, A.; Bell, J.G.; Uriarte, I.; Sargent, J.R.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 289-305
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fatty acid composition; phosphatidylcholines; Chaetoceros; water temperature; protein sources; nutrient requirements; statistical analysis; larvae; phosphatidylethanolamines; mortality; lipid content; Argopecten purpuratus; animal growth; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; arachidonic acid; body composition; scallops; microalgae; mollusc culture; Chile
Abstract:
... The composition of lipids and fatty acids of larval scallop Argopecten purpuratus were determined when cultured at one of two temperatures and using one of the three algal diets. Larvae grown at 12°C had the lowest values of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and highest values of cholesterol and steryl esters (SE). The ratio of triacylglycerol (TAG)/cholesterol was affected by temperature but not by diet a ...

13. Production of androgenetic tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona

Author:
Kirankumar, S.; Pandian, T.J.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 37-51
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
karyotyping; animal fertility; fish eggs; fish production; crossing; progeny testing; ultraviolet radiation; milt; diploidy; fecundity; carp; sex ratio; heat stress; hatching; genotype; gene expression regulation; haploidy; Cyprinidae; androgenesis; cloning (animals); mortality; electroporation; fish culture; genetic transformation; sexual maturity; green fluorescent protein; plasmid vectors; transgenic animals; color; reporter genes
Abstract:
... The protocol for successful induction of androgenetic cloning of the tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona, with contrasting gray and blond strains is described. At the intensity of 4.2 W/m2, the UV irradiation for 3.5 min totally inactivates the maternal genome in eggs of the gray barb. Following activation by the blond barb sperm, the 24-min-old eggs are shocked at 41°C for 2 min to restore diploidy. Ma ...

14. The effect of dietary arachidonic acid on growth, survival, and cortisol levels in different-age gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus auratus) exposed to handling or daily salinity change

Author:
Koven, W.; Anholt, R. van; Lutzky, S.; Ben Atia, I.; Nixon, O.; Ron, B.; Tandler, A.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 307-320
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
fish culture; salt tolerance; animal growth; bream; cortisol; salinity; animal stress; fatty acid composition; Artemia; arachidonic acid; Rotifera; Sparus aurata; animal development; larvae; mortality; stress tolerance
Abstract:
... The effect of dietary arachidonic acid (ArA) on survival, growth, and cortisol level in different-age gilthead seabream larvae exposed to handling or daily fluctuating salinity was tested. Premetamorphosing (3-19 DPH) larvae were reared in 400-l V-tanks and fed one of three rotifer treatments containing ArA levels of 1.14, 2.11, or 3.87 mg g-1. At 20 DPH, the larvae were divided into two groups wh ...

15. The effect of irradiance on the survival and growth of abalone postlarvae Haliotis fulgens fed Navicula incerta

Author:
Searcy-Bernal, R.; Anguiano-Beltran, C.; Esparza-Hernandez, A.
Source:
Aquaculture 2003 v.228 no.1-4 pp. 237-248
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
abalone; animal growth; biofilm; Navicula; light intensity; fluorescent lighting; Haliotis fulgens; mortality; length; shell (molluscs); mollusc culture; Mexico
Abstract:
... Survival and growth of Haliotis fulgens postlarvae (11 days old) were evaluated at four irradiance levels: 6, 24, 47 and 75 microeinsteins m-2 s-1 (microeinsteins). Experimental vessels were 1-l containers supplied with aeration and seawater flow. Four replicates per treatment were considered. Postlarvae were fed Navicula incerta, a cultured benthic diatom. Survival and growth rates were evaluated ...

16. A bioassay to test HCN toxicity to the burrowing bug, Cyrtomenus bergi

Author:
Cortes, M.L.; Sanchez, T.; Riis, L.; Bellotti, A.C.; Calatayud, P.A.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 2003 v.109 no.3 pp. 235-239
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Cyrtomenus bergi; hydrogen cyanide; toxicity testing; bioassays; artificial seeds; artificial diets; liquid diet; developmental stages; mortality; lethal dose; Manihot esculenta; cassava; cyanogenesis
DOI:
10.1046/j.0013-8703.2003.00108.x

17. Active control of the growth trajectory of broiler chickens based on online animal responses

Author:
Aerts, J.M.; Buggenhout, S. van; Vranken, E.; Lippens, M.; Buyse, J.; Decuypere, E.; Berckmans, D.
Source:
Poultry science 2003 v.82 no.12 pp. 1853-1862
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
broiler chickens; animal growth; restricted feeding; voluntary intake; body weight; feed conversion; growth models; compensatory growth; ad libitum feeding; mortality
Abstract:
... The objective of the research reported here was to control the growth trajectory of broiler chickens during the production process based on an adaptive compact dynamic process model. More specifically, the daily feed supply was calculated, based on a model-based control algorithm, with the aim of following a previously defined target growth trajectory as close as possible. For the modeling of the ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/82.12.1853
PubMed:
14717542

18. Acute pancreatitis in dogs

Author:
Holm, Jennifer L.; Chan, Daniel L.; Rozanski, Elizabeth A.
Source:
Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care 2003 v.13 no.4 pp. 201-213
ISSN:
1539-8048
Subject:
antibiotics; blood serum; death; disease course; disease severity; dogs; enteral feeding; image analysis; mortality; necrosis; pancreatitis; pathophysiology; patient care; patients; surgery
Abstract:
... Objective: To summarize current information regarding severity assessment, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of human and canine acute pancreatitis (AP). Human-based studies: In humans, scoring systems, advanced imaging methods, and serum markers are used to assess the severity of disease, which allows for optimization of patient management. The extent of pancreatic necrosis and the presence of in ...

19. A model to assess relationships between forest dynamics and spatial structure

Author:
Moravie, Marie-Agnèès; Robert, Audrey
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2003 v.14 no.6 pp. 823-834
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
canopy; models; forest stands; trees; stochastic processes; mortality; forests
Abstract:
... A spatially explicit model was developed to study the relationships between the dynamics and spatial structure of forest stands. The objective was to test whether tree spatial structure can be used as an indicator of stand dynamics. The model simulates the growth, mortality and recruitment of trees in a multi-specific and uneven-aged stand. It includes deterministic and stochastic processes so tha ...
DOI:
10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0823:AMTARB]2.0.CO;2

20. Anasa tristis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) development, survival and egg distribution on Beit alpha cucumber and as prey for Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

Author:
Rondon, S.I.; Cantliffe, D.J.; Price, J.F.
Source:
Florida entomologist 2003 v.86 no.4 pp. 488-490
ISSN:
0015-4040
Subject:
cultivars; insect pests; phytophagous insects; predatory insects; Cucumis sativus; egg masses; Anasa tristis; spatial distribution; cucumbers; biological control agents; Geocoris punctipes; predator-prey relationships; predation; insect development; mortality; Coleomegilla maculata
DOI:
10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0488:ATHCDS]2.0.CO;2

21. An individual behaviour-based model can predict shorebird mortality using routinely collected shellfishery data

Author:
Stillman, R.A.; West, A.D.; Goss-Custard, J.D.; Caldow, R.W.G.; Mcgrorty, S.; Durell, S.E.A. Le V.D.; Yates, M.G.; Atkinson, P.W.; Clark, N.A.; Bell, M.C.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2003 v.40 no.6 pp. 1090-1101
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
temporal variation; mussels; water birds; overwintering; models; foraging; mortality; population size; Mytilus edulis; Charadriiformes; Cerastoderma edule; fisheries; shellfish; prediction; United Kingdom
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00853.x

22. Assimilation of carbon and nitrogen from pollen and nectar by a predaceous larva and its effects on growth and development

Author:
Patt, J.M.; Wainright, S.C.; Hamilton, G.C.; Whittinghill, D.; Bosley, K.; Dietrick, J.; Lashomb, J.H.
Source:
Ecological entomology 2003 v.28 no.6 pp. 717-728
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
nectar; isotope labeling; carbon; pollen; stable isotopes; Chrysoperla carnea; insect nutrition; assimilation (physiology); dietary nutrient sources; mathematical models; sucrose; lacewings; feeding behavior; larvae; mortality; insect growth; predatory insects; nitrogen; nutritive value; larval development
Abstract:
... 1. Predaceous insects may benefit from feeding on non-prey foods, such as pollen, nectar, and honeydew, because they can provide nutrients that help maintain metabolism and enhance overall nutrient intake. Yet, the extent to which predaceous insects can assimilate non-prey food and the importance of diet mixing during particular life history stages is poorly understood. In this study the relative ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2003.00556.x

23. Bergmann's rule in larval ant lions: testing the starvation resistance hypothesis

Author:
Arnett, A.E.; Gotelli, N.J.
Source:
Ecological entomology 2003 v.28 no.6 pp. 645-650
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
predatory insects; Myrmeleon; starvation; geographical variation; food availability; body size; latitude; mortality; stress tolerance; Eastern United States
Abstract:
... 1. Body size of the ant lion Myrmeleon immaculatus follows Bergmann's rule - an increase in body size towards higher latitudes. The hypothesis that ant lion body size is larger in the north as an adaptation for starvation resistance was tested. 2. In a laboratory experiment testing starvation resistance, survivorship curves differed among 10 ant lion populations for both a starved and a fed treatm ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2003.00554.x

24. Biological control of damping-off and root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum on greenhouse cucumbers

Author:
Punja, Z.K.; Yip, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant pathology 2003 v.25 no.4 pp. 411-417
ISSN:
0706-0661
Subject:
Pythium aphanidermatum; damping off; Cucumis sativus; Trichoderma virens; biological control agents; greenhouse production; cucumbers; vegetable crops; Gliocladium; Clonostachys rosea; plant pathogenic fungi; soilless media; mortality; disease incidence; Trichoderma lixii; root rot; Streptomyces griseoviridis; biological control
Abstract:
... Damping-off and root rot of greenhouse cucumbers grown in rock wool, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, is a recurring problem for growers throughout the major production areas of Canada. Four commercially formulated biocontrol agents, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (Mycostop), Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (Rootshield Drench), Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (SoilGard 12G), and Glioclad ...
DOI:
10.1080/07060660309507098

25. Bird Casualties on European Roads — A Review

Author:
Erritzoe, Johannes; Mazgajski, Tomasz D.; Rejt, Łukasz
Source:
Acta ornithologica 2003 v.38 no.2 pp. 77-93
ISSN:
0001-6454
Subject:
Corvidae; Hirundo rustica; age structure; birds; breeding; death; geographical variation; mortality; roads; species diversity; traffic; wild animals; Eastern European region; Europe
Abstract:
... Road traffic affects the natural environment in numerous ways. The most striking of these is the death of wild animals and birds as a result of collisions with moving vehicles. In this paper the available data on bird mortality on roads are reviewed. Estimates of annual mortality for some European countries (350 000 to 27 million birds), the monthly distribution of casualties, their distribution a ...
DOI:
10.3161/068.038.0204

26. Comparative analysis of village chicken production in two farming systems in Burkina Faso

Author:
Kondombo, S.R.; Nianogo, A.J.; Kwakkel, R.P.; Udo, H.M.Y.; Slingerland, M.
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2003 v.35 no.6 pp. 563-574
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
chickens; crop production; age structure; extensive farming; poultry housing; poultry diseases; traditional farming; rural population; hatching; low input agriculture; egg production; rural areas; mortality; Burkina Faso
PubMed:
14690093

27. Comparison of bioassay techniques for determining baseline susceptibilities to imidacloprid for green apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Author:
Lowery, D.T.; Smirle, M.J.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1864-1871
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
antifeeding activity; insect pests; apples; Malus domestica; bioassays; imidacloprid; lethal dose; insecticide resistance; insect reproduction; Aphis pomi; mortality
Abstract:
... The susceptibility of a clone of green apple aphid, Aphis pomi (De Geer), to the neonicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid was determined by direct and indirect bioassay techniques. Aphid numbers were assessed on potted apple seedlings treated with various concentrations of imidacloprid, adults were dipped in test solutions as per the Food and Agriculture Organization protocol, or nymphs and adults we ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1864
PubMed:
14977128

28. Comparison of tall fescue (Cyperales: Gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to European chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Author:
Bughrara, S.S.; Smitley, D.R.; Cappaert, D.; Kravchenko, A.N.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1898-1904
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Poa pratensis; plant damage; cultivars; insect growth; Festuca arundinacea; roots; Lolium perenne; varietal resistance; feeding behavior; population density; cool season grasses; turf grasses; root growth; pest resistance; mortality; Rhizotrogus majalis; larvae; Michigan
Abstract:
... Three cultivars of tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (Festuca spp.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by European chafer grubs, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky). Potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs pe ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1898
PubMed:
14977131

29. Cyanogenic potential in cassava and its influence on a generalist insect herbivore Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

Author:
Riis, L.; Bellotti, A.C.; Bonierbale, M.; O'Brien, G.M.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1905-1914
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Manihot esculenta; cassava; siblings; pest resistance; resistance mechanisms; secondary metabolites; cyanogenesis; cyanogen; cyanogenic glycosides; roots; dry matter content; Cyrtomenus bergi; feeding behavior; stylets; hemolymph; glycosidases; enzyme activity; oviposition; mortality; insect pests
Abstract:
... The hypothesis that cyanogenic potential in cassava is a defense mechanism against arthropod pests is one of the crucial questions relevant to current efforts to reduce or eliminate cyanogenic potential (CNP) in cassava. The generalist arthropod Cyrtomenus bergi, which attacks cassava roots, was used in a bioassay relating oviposition and survival to CNP, concentration of nonglycosidic cyanogens, ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1905
PubMed:
14977132

30. Developmental thresholds and day-degree requirements of Paratanytarsus grimmii and Corynoneura scutellata (Diptera: Chironomidae): two midges associated with potable water treatment

Author:
Olsen, A.; Bale, J.S.; Leadbeater, B.S.C.; Callow, M.E.; Holden, J.B.
Source:
Physiological entomology 2003 v.28 no.4 pp. 315-322
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Chironomidae; midges; insect development; mortality; temperature; heat sums; multivoltine habit; insect pests; drinking water; water treatment; activated carbon; adsorbents
Abstract:
... Studies on the development and mortality of Paratanytarsus grimmii (Schneider) and Corynoneura scutellata (Winnertz), which can infest potable water distribution networks, were carried out at eight constant temperatures between 10 °C and 27 °C. Using weighted linear regression, the developmental thresholds were calculated as 7.9 and 8.7 °C for P. grimmii and C. scutellata, respectively. Corynoneur ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3032.2003.00352.x

31. Differing effects of shade‐induced facilitation on growth and survival during the establishment of a chenopod shrub

Author:
Hastwell, Graeme T.; Facelli, José M.
Source:
Thejournal of ecology 2003 v.91 no.6 pp. 941-950
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
seedling growth; canopy; arid zones; shrubs; plant establishment; light intensity; shade; seasonal variation; Amaranthaceae; community ecology; mortality; South Australia
Abstract:
... 1 Although plants growing below tree or shrub canopies in xeric ecosystems often exhibit higher growth or survival than conspecifics growing in the open, few studies have sought to identify the processes that facilitate plant performance. 2 We tested the relationship between the importance of facilitation and environmental severity in a field experiment in which seedlings of the perennial shrub En ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00832.x

32. Do rice hybrids have heterosis for insect resistance? A study with Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Marasmia patnalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Author:
Cohen, M.B.; Bernal, C.C.; Virmani, S.S.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1935-1941
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Oryza sativa; rice; hybrids; inbred lines; heterosis; pest resistance; antibiosis; insect pests; Nilaparvata lugens; Marasmia; mortality; body weight; insect development; crop damage
Abstract:
... Antibiosis-based resistance to two insect pests of rice, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was compared in 11 F1 hybrids and their parental lines. Our objective was to determine whether hybrids show heterosis (hybrid vigor) for insect resistance or susceptibility. Heterosis is defined as the amount by which a hybrid exceeds i ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1935
PubMed:
14977136

33. Ecological play in the coevolutionary theatre: genetic and environmental determinants of attack by a specialist weevil on milkweed

Author:
Agrawal, Anurag A.; Van Zandt, Peter A.
Source:
Thejournal of ecology 2003 v.91 no.6 pp. 1049-1059
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Asclepias syriaca; oviposition; height; plant competition; pest resistance; phenotype; stems; insect pests; solar radiation; coevolution; host plants; genotype-environment interaction; oviposition sites; mortality; Curculionidae; genetic correlation; light quality; latex; plant morphology; Ontario
Abstract:
... 1 We studied the genetic and environmental determinants of attack by the specialist stem‐attacking weevil, Rhyssomatus lineaticollis on Asclepias syriaca. 2 In natural populations, the extent of stem damage and oviposition were positively correlated with stem width, but not stem height. We hypothesized that both genotypic and environmental factors influencing stem morphology would affect attack by ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00831.x

34. Effect of food shortage and temperature on oxygen consumption in the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Author:
Renault, D.; Hervant, F.; Vernon, P.
Source:
Physiological entomology 2003 v.28 no.4 pp. 261-267
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Alphitobius diaperinus; metabolism; oxygen consumption; temperature; food availability; starvation; repletion; mortality; physical activity; insect pests
Abstract:
... Temperature and food availability are limiting factors for the establishment of tropical insects in temperate countries. In the alien pest beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), starvation and temperature have a significant impact on metabolic rate with oxygen consumption ranging from 0.5 mol/g fresh mass (FM)/h at 12 °C to 3.4 micromol/g FM/h at 24 °C. At 12 °C, oxyg ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3032.2003.00338.x

35. Effect of intravenous endotoxin on blood cell profiles of broilers housed in cages and floor litter environment

Author:
Wang, W.; Wideman, R.F. Jr.; Chapman, M.E.; Bersi, T.K.; Erf, G.F.
Source:
Poultry science 2003 v.82 no.12 pp. 1886-1897
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
floors; basophils; lipopolysaccharides; Salmonella Typhimurium; blood platelets; broiler chickens; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; lymphocyte count; endotoxins; heterophils; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; eosinophils; immune response; mortality; litter (bedding); monocytes; inflammation; battery cages
Abstract:
... Commercial broilers are constantly exposed to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). It has been shown that microbial contamination of the air was higher in broiler houses using floor litter than in broiler houses using netting-type floors. The current study evaluated the effect of housing conditions on blood leukocyte profiles and tested the hypothesis that, when compare ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/82.12.1886

36. Effect of oxygen saturation in water on reproductive performances of pacu Piaractus brachypomus

Author:
Dabrowski, K.; Rinchard, J.; Ottobre, J.S.; Alcantara, F.; Padilla, P.; Ciereszko, A.; De Jesus, M.J.; Kohler, C.C.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 441-449
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
fish culture; estradiol; anaerobic conditions; fish eggs; aquarium fish; spermiation; fish larvae; testosterone; blood plasma; ovulation; embryogenesis; dissolved oxygen; mortality; Peru; Amazonia
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00083.x

37. Effect of Tinopal LPW on the insecticidal properties and genetic stability of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Author:
Murillo, R.; Lasa, R.; Goulson, D.; Williams, T.; Munoz, D.; Caballero, P.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1668-1674
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Spodoptera exigua; Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus; insect viruses; viral insecticides; stilbenes; pesticide adjuvants; pesticide synergists; insecticidal properties; virulence; larvae; instars; mortality; lethal dose 50; larval development; virus replication; genetic stability; insect pests; insect control
Abstract:
... The influence of an optical brightener, Tinopal LPW, on the activity of a purified genotype of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was determined in second to fifth instar (L2-L5) S. exigua. When mixed with viral occlusion bodies (OB) 1% Tinopal LPW significantly reduced the median lethal dose (LD50) of the virus in all instars compared with insects ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1668
PubMed:
14977102

38. Effects of added shelter and stocking density on growth of sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus in ponds

Author:
Herbert, B.W.; Graham, P.A.; Foster, S.D.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 433-440
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
fish farms; cod (fish); juveniles; fish culture; fish ponds; stocking rate; animal growth; liveweight gain; water quality; mortality; cannibalism; Australia
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00082.x

39. Effects of early age feed restriction and heat conditioning on heat shock protein 70 expression, resistance to infectious bursal disease, and growth in male broiler chickens subjected to heat stress

Author:
Liew, P.K.; Zulkifli, I.; Hair-Bejo, M.; Omar, A.R.; Israf, D.A.
Source:
Poultry science 2003 v.82 no.12 pp. 1879-1885
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
heat shock proteins; broiler chickens; bursa of Fabricius; restricted feeding; histopathology; antibody formation; poultry feeding; ambient temperature; heat stress; gene expression; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; liveweight gain; disease resistance; Infectious bursal disease virus; vaccination; tissue weight; mortality
Abstract:
... The effects of early age feed restriction and heat conditioning on heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression, antibody production, resistance to infectious bursal disease (IBD), and growth of heat-stressed male broiler chickens were investigated. Chicks were divided into 4 groups: 60% feed restriction on d 4, 5, and 6 (FR); exposure to 36 ± 1°C for 1 h from d 1 to 21 (HT); combination of FR and HT (F ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/82.12.1879
PubMed:
14717545

40. Effects of light intensity and salinity on growth, survival, and whole-body osmolality of larval southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma

Author:
Henne, J.P.; Watanabe, W.O.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 450-465
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Paralichthys; flounder; fish larvae; fish culture; light intensity; salinity; salt tolerance; osmoregulation; animal growth; mortality; fish feeding; water quality
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00084.x

41. Effects of salinity on growth, survival, and selected hematological parameters of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum

Author:
Denson, M.R.; Stuart, K.R.; Smith, T.I.J.; Weirich, C.R.; Segars, A.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 496-504
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
fish culture; juveniles; marine fish; salinity; salt tolerance; animal growth; body size; body weight; mortality; blood plasma; hematocrit; protein content; animal health; skin lesions; fins; discoloration; Rachycentron canadum
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00088.x

42. Effects of two different neem products on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)

Author:
Durmusoglu, E.; Karsavuran, Y.; Ozgen, I.; Guncan, A.
Source:
Journal of pest science 2003 v.76 no.6 pp. 151-154
ISSN:
1612-4758
Subject:
Azadirachta indica; Nezara viridula; adults; eggs; insecticidal properties; insecticides; mortality; neem oil; nymphs; pests
Abstract:
... In this study, the effects of two different commercial neem insecticides (NeemAzal T/S and Neem Oil) were determined on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions. Neem Azal and Neem Oil were applied at concentrations of 0.5 % and 2 %, respectively. Mortality was recorded after 3, 7 and 14 days for nymphs and adults; 7 and 14 days for old (4-da ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10340-003-0010-9

43. Efficacy of biological and chemical treatments for control of Fusarium root and stem rot on greenhouse cucumber

Author:
Rose, S.; Parker, M.; Punja, Z.K.
Source:
Plant disease 2003 v.87 no.12 pp. 1462-1470
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Cucumis sativus; cucumbers; greenhouse production; Fusarium oxysporum; plant pathogenic fungi; root rot; stem rot; disease control; composts; growing media; chitin; biological control agents; thiram; benomyl; application timing; seedling growth; soil pH; mortality; seasonal variation
Abstract:
... Potential disease control methods were evaluated against root and stem rot of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Crab/shrimp shell chitin; three composted media; the biological control agents Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28, Trichoderma harzianum (RootShield Drench), Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop), Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop WP, P ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.12.1462

44. Efficacy of VectoBac (Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis) formulations for mosquito control in Australia

Author:
Russell, T.L.; Brown, M.D.; Purdie, D.M.; Ryan, P.A.; Kay, B.H.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1786-1791
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Culicidae; mosquito control; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis; biological control agents; bacterial insecticides; larvicides; pesticide formulations; granules; aqueous solutions; larvae; mortality; dose response; lethal dose; application rate; pesticide persistence; environmental impact; water quality; Queensland
Abstract:
... Laboratory bioassays were conducted on the efficacy of a water-dispersible granule (WG) formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (VectoBac WG; active ingredient [AI]: 3,000 Bti international toxic units [ITU]/mg) against third instars of six common Australian mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (L.), Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse), Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Skuse), Culex sitiens Wiedem ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1786
PubMed:
14977116

45. Evaluation of experimental and practical diets for bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and hybrid bluegill L. cyanellus x L. macrochirus

Author:
Twibell, R.G.; Wilson, K.A.; Sanders, S.; Brown, P.B.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 487-495
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
fish feeding; juveniles; hybrids; casein gels; liveweight gain; crude protein; trout; aquaculture tanks; feed conversion; arginine; Lepomis macrochirus; casein; water content; nutrient requirements; Ictalurus punctatus; feed composition; Lepomis cyanellus; mortality; fish culture; lipid content; Oncorhynchus mykiss; ash content; catfish; carcass composition
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00087.x

46. Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in clinical practice and in research settings

Author:
Monzillo, Lais U.; Hamdy, Osama
Source:
Nutrition reviews 2003 v.61 no.12 pp. 397-412
ISSN:
0029-6643
Subject:
fasting; glucose; glucose clamp technique; glucose tolerance tests; hyperinsulinemia; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; insulin; insulin resistance; insulin tolerance test; mortality; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; patients; researchers
Abstract:
... Insulin resistance is the core metabolic abnormality in type 2 diabetes. Its high prevalence and its association with dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and high coronary and cerebrovascular mortality put it in the forefront as the plausible target for aggressive intervention. Measurements of insulin sensitivity provide clinicians and clinical researchers with invaluable instruments to ...
DOI:
10.1301/nr.2003.dec.397-412

47. Expression of family differences through within-lot competition in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Author:
Blanc, J.M.; Poisson, H.
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2003 v.34 no.4 pp. 425-432
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
fish culture; mathematical models; animal growth; social partnerships; phenotype; analysis of variance; body weight; gastric mucosa; cecum; Oncorhynchus mykiss; gene expression; genetic markers; body size; trout; selection criteria; mortality; intraspecific competition
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00081.x

48. Foot and mouth disease and livestock husbandry practices in the Adamawa Province of Cameroon

Author:
Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.; Tanya, V.N.; Kitching, R.P.; Nfon, C.; Hamman, S.M.; Morgan, K.L.
Source:
Tropical animal health and production 2003 v.35 no.6 pp. 491-507
ISSN:
0049-4747
Subject:
cattle diseases; questionnaires; animal husbandry; pastures; disease prevalence; cattle; traditional farming; foot-and-mouth disease; transhumance; vaccination; mortality; mixed grazing; Cameroon
PubMed:
14690088

49. Gap‐dependent recruitment, realized vital rates, and size distributions of tropical trees

Author:
Wright, S. Joseph; Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Condit, Richard; Hubbell, Stephen P.
Source:
Ecology 2003 v.84 no.12 pp. 3174-3185
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
canopy; censuses; fecundity; interspecific variation; islands; lifestyle; mortality; old-growth forests; path analysis; plant morphology; prediction; seedlings; shade tolerance; trees; wood density; Panama
Abstract:
... In closed‐canopy forests, plant morphology and physiology determine shade tolerance and potential growth and mortality rates; potential vital rates and ongoing gap dependence determine realized vital rates; and realized vital rates determine individual size distributions. This hypothesis was evaluated for the 73 most abundant canopy tree species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The percentage o ...
DOI:
10.1890/02-0038

50. Geographic variation in susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in China

Author:
Meng, F.; Wu, K.; Gao, X.; Peng, Y.; Guo, Y.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2003 v.96 no.6 pp. 1838-1842
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Chilo suppressalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; delta-endotoxins; crystal proteins; insecticidal proteins; insecticide resistance; mortality; dose response; lethal dose 50; geographical variation; boring insects; Oryza sativa; rice; China
Abstract:
... Geographic variation in the susceptibility of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in China to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal crystal proteins Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab was studied to establish baseline information for comparing the future response of populations with increased exposure to Bt products. Rice is the major host of C. suppressalis, and Bt ric ...
DOI:
10.1093/jee/96.6.1838
PubMed:
14977124