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harvest date; crop year; volatile compounds; peanuts; capillary gas chromatography; quantitative analysis; biochemical compounds; flavor; provenance; flavor compounds; chemical constituents of plants; Arachis hypogaea; sugar content; Argentina; United States; China
Abstract:
... The flavor and biochemical quality of peanuts obtained from Argentina, China, and USA for the crop years 1986, 1987, and 1988 were evaluated for composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty flavor was more intense in USA-grown peanuts, and fruity/fermented, an undesirable flavor, was less intense in USA-grown peanuts than peanuts than peanuts from ...
... Using data on formation of the Loess Plateau of central China, loess-palaeosol sequences, pollen analysis, historical geography, and long-term experimentation on rates of soil erosion, it is demonstrated that current serious erosion on the Loess Plateau is mainly due to human destruction of the natural vegetation and irrational land use. These two modifications greatly reduce soil-infiltration cap ...
... The widely distributed white clay soils are major agricultural soils in China. While some of the chemical, physical, and morphological properties have been documented for these soils, there is little information available on their clay mineralogy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a detailed characterization of the clay mineralogy of white clay soils. Representative pedons were sampled by h ...
... Head capsules of 579 individuals from 28 different populations of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were reliably classified with an analysis of their color spectrum. Based on 26 variables, derived from approximately 17 million color combinations of red, green, and blue, a set of numeric characteristics permitted discrimination between gypsy moth populations from the former Soviet Union, the nort ...
Zea mays; evapotranspiration; quantitative analysis; soil water content; water use efficiency; spatial distribution; equations; dry environmental conditions; soil depth; rain; Triticum aestivum; soil water; seasonal variation; grain yield; double cropping; China
Abstract:
... Double cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) is common in sub-humid regions of north China. This study was conducted to evaluate the system without irrigation. During the 5-year study period, annual rainfall averaged 638 mm with 387 mm occurring in July, August and September. Water stress often occurred from mid-April to the end of the wheat growing season in early June, and ...
... In recent years China has emerged as a major importer of Malaysian palm oil in the form of its «liquid» fraction, palm olein. It is now widely used in the Chinese food industry, particularly in the manufacture of instant noodles, snack foods, milk powder, margarine, and shortening. Although palm olein is widely used throughout the tropics as a cooking oil in household kitchens, its high melting po ...
data collection; draft animals; heterosis; households; hybrids; labor; mineral fertilizers; regression analysis; rice; seedbeds; sowing; China
Abstract:
... This paper uses farm‐level data collected from a sample of 500 households in Hunan province, China, to analyze the impact of hybrid rice on input demand and productivity. Based on regression analyses, it is found that, compared with conventional modern varieties, hybrid rice uses about 4% less labor inputs, 2% less draft animal services, and 6% more chemical fertilizers. The lesser requirements fo ...
cities; economic development; engineering; humans; karsts; subsidence; China
Abstract:
... There are many varieties of geological hazard in China which are widely dispersed. Land subsidence is one such hazard and occurs mainly in the coastal cities of east China. Sinkhole collapses are mainly found near those cities of east and middle China that have karst water and karst water-impregnated ore deposits. Earth fissures also occur in east and middle China. All these geological hazards hav ...
... The degree of international attention focused on Chinese environmental reform has grown considerably in recent years. China's response to interna tional pressure has been limited, and efforts have often been dismissed as token or ineffective. This report attempts to assess the relative validity of the Chinese government's efforts at environmental reform, and examines the political, institutional a ...
Juniperus; essential oils; volatile compounds; leaves; chemical composition; chemical constituents of plants; China
Abstract:
... The composition of the volatile leaf oils of Juniperus przewalskii and J. przewalskii f. pendula are reported. The oil of J. przewalskii contains moderate amounts of alpha-pinene (6.9-11.7%), limonene (7.1-11.8%), sabinene (3.3-10.0%), piperitone (3.1-9.0%) and several diterpenes (> 15%). The oil of formapendula was dominated by alpha-pinene (28.6%), sabinene (28.6%) and cedrol (17.2%). The contin ...
... This study was conducted to address some of the issues concerning the possible significance of Tibet in the origin and evolution of cultivated barley. A total of 1757 barley accessions from Tibet, including 1496 entries of Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare (HV), 229 entries of the six-rowed wild barley H. vulgare ssp. agriocrithon (HA), and 32 entries of the two-rowed wild barley H. vulgare ssp. sponta ...
... Allozyme genetic variability in three chestnut (Castanea) species was investigated using 19 loci from ten enzyme systems. G-tests of heterogeneity of isozymic allele distribution showed significant differences between the three species at 15 of the 19 loci, and between the 13 C. mollissima populations at 13 of the 19 loci examined. C. mollissima was found to possess a significantly-higher value of ...
blood; cattle; cattle breeds; color; genes; China; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The gene for black‐ear coat colour pattern, commonly found among cattle of tropical origin, was observed in 809 animals of four breeds of local cattle in southern China. Gene frequencies for Tf, Hb and Alb demonstrated that these groups of cattle were quite divergent from Bos taurus. These breeds of cattle are thought to be descended from ancient Chinese cattle. At the same time certain influences ...
... Boron deficiency is identified as one of the more important causes of poor stem form and malformed leaves in plantations of Eucalyptus globulus in Yunnan Province, and of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus teriticornis, and Eucalyptus urophylla in Guandong Province. Symptoms of B deficiency in E. globulus were rolled and malformed leaves, stem dieback, and a prostrate form. In E. urophylla, leaf margi ...
dust; summer; wind; winter; China; England; Switzerland; Western European region
Abstract:
... Instrumental and proxy data series from historical archives are compared over the period of the Maunder Minimum (AD 1645-1715) for western Europe (central England, Paris and Switzerland) and China. Winters became colder and drier over the late seventeenth century in western Europe. In China, however, winters were coldest around AD 1650 and became warmer and stormier over the subsequent decades. A ...
Juniperus; essential oils; plant fats and oils; cultivars; chemical composition; leaves; chemical constituents of plants; China
Abstract:
... The volatile leaf oils of Juniperus chinensis (sensu stricto) are found to be polymorphic for cedrene, thujopsene, and cedrol as well as aromatic compounds derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. Reports on the oil of putative J. chinensis in the literature did not correspond to the oil from China which suggests that the cultivated J. chinensis may be a selection from the species and not typical ...
... Associations between primary brain tumor mortality and dietary habits, certain serum biochemical markers, and life-style factors were evaluated in a county-based correlation study utilizing data collected from an ecological survey in 49 Chinese rural counties. Univariate correlation and multivariate regression analyses showed that high consumption of salt-preserved vegetables was linked to increas ...
Vitis vinifera; vineyard soils; copper; land application; nutrient content; nutrient uptake; leaves; fruit pulp; water pollution; drinking water; chemical constituents of plants; China
chemical composition; interspecific variation; essential oils; Lauraceae; chemical constituents of plants; leaves; China
Abstract:
... The constituents of the leaf oils from ten Chinese Lauraceae species (Cinnamomum glanduliferum (Wall.) Nees, Cinnamomum burmannii C.G. & Th. Nees, Lindera thomsonii Allen, Lindera communis Hemsl., Lindera angustifolia Cheng, Machilus longipedicellata Lecomte, Machilus yunnanensis Lecomte, Neocinnamomum delavayi (Lecomte) H. Liou, Phoebe kwangciensis Liou, Phoebe nigrifolia S. Lee et F. N. Wei) fou ...
... The recent rural reforms in China have had great effects on agricultural production and productivity as well as rural household consumption. While much has been written on production and productivity effects of these reforms, very few Chinese studies have attempted to analyze the changes in rural consumption patterns. This paper uses a dynamic AIDS model to estimate various food demand parameters ...
rapeseed; protein isolates; food processing; food processing quality; nitrogen; solubility; China
Abstract:
... A membrane-based protein isolation process developed in our laboratory produced two protein isolates from CH3OH/NH3/H2O-hexane-extracted Chinese rapeseed meal. Both contained approximately 99% protein (N X 6.25), and they were essentially free of glucosinolates or their breakdown products (< 2.2 micromoles/g). Their functional properties were evaluated and compared with a commercial soybean protei ...
humans; carcinoma; liver; aflatoxins; Hepatitis B virus; animal proteins; structural genes; proviruses; mutation; viral antigens; Mozambique; South Africa; China; Germany
Abstract:
... We studied 80 hepatocellular carcinomas from three continents for p53 gene (TP53) mutations and hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences. p53 mutations were frequent in tumors from Mozambique but not in tumors from South Africa, China, and Germany. Independent of geographic origin, most tumors were positive for HBV sequences. X gene coding sequences of HBV were detected in 78% of tumors, whereas viral se ...
filling period; flowering; selection response; nitrogen; early development; nutrient uptake; crossing; Triticum aestivum; yield components; provenance; grains; population; protein content; United States; China
Abstract:
... Understanding the relationship between grain filling (GF) characteristics, earliness, and N accumulation would aid in improving grain size and grain protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). significant association of early anthesis, long GF duration, low GF rate, and high protein concentration was found in a set of F₁ hybrids and their parents from a 4 × 4 diallel cross involving Chinese a ...