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Malpighia emarginata; acerolas; angle of repose; antioxidant activity; ascorbic acid; bioactive compounds; coproducts; drying; equations; flavonoids; high performance liquid chromatography; infrared radiation; phenolic acids; prediction; water content
Abstract:
... Acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) industry generates a large quantity of residues, which are underused or incorrectly disposed. However, acerola residues are rich sources of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, this fruit waste presents high values of angles of repose, as well as low density and high moisture content. These factors result in poor flowability making it difficult to use moving beds ...
... Flow stability is a key issue to be addressed by the development of dense phase pneumatic conveying. Flow patterns are closely related to flow stability. From the view of experimental materials, angle of repose, packing density and tapped density and flowability results show that the tested pulverized coal approximated a Geldart's group C powder with strong cohesion. This study contributes with a ...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; angle of repose; atomic force microscopy; bulk density; compressibility; crystal structure; hardness; particle size; powders; solubility; spray drying; temperature
Abstract:
... The objective of present study was to optimize spray drying of Risperidone (RIS) nanosuspension for achieving lower particle size, higher yield and good compressibility of spray dried powder using Quality by design approach. RIS nanosuspension was prepared by anti-solvent precipitation technique using poloxamer 68 and Poloxamer 127 as stabilizers.3 level 2 factorial design was applied using two in ...
... The development of bulk material handling equipment can be accelerated and made less expensive when testing of virtual prototypes is adopted. However, the modelling of a grab unloader requires a large volume (77 m3) of iron ore pellets, making the computational costs prohibitive. This paper investigates the extent to which the original particles can be substituted by larger, coarser grains. It is ...
... This work describes a combined experimental-numerical study to characterize fine spray-dried powder used in the ceramic tile pressing process. A DEM-based granular assembly is endowed with a new set of scaling laws that allows for simulating reliably industrial processes using a much lower number of granules. To do it, a calibration strategy relying on three experimental setups is proposed; (i) co ...
... The knowledge of bulk properties and densification behavior of Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) powders can be useful in handling such powders through the typical processing units of the soluble coffee industries. In this paper we measured the bulk densities of SCG mixtures with mean sizes from 225 to 550 μm as a function of tapping and tested a number of selected equations to predict the densification b ...
angle of repose; black pepper; drums (equipment); friction; models; rolling
Abstract:
... Discrete element method (DEM) is widely used to model different granular materials. Knowledge of the input parameters such as material properties and interaction properties that are necessary for modeling is important for getting accurate results. In this study, DEM properties needed to model the black pepper were investigated. Rotating drum apparatus was used to analyze the angle of repose and fl ...
algorithms; angle of repose; calibration; models; normal values; powders
Abstract:
... The numerical complexity of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations generally forces an idealisation of DEM models, making the calibration process the key to realistic simulation results. When calibrating cohesionless, free-flowing bulk materials, individual simple experiments are commonly used as reference for the calibration, such as the angle of repose in various test methods. Regardless of t ...
angle of repose; friction; manufacturing; models; particle size distribution; powders; rolling; working conditions
Abstract:
... Discrete Element simulations were carried out to model the sandpile formation with micro-sized spherical particles, with aim to gain in-depth understanding of particle spreading processes involved in additive manufacturing. Analysis of the piling process demonstrates that the friction and particle size distribution are the two key factors that control the structural properties of the sandpile. Bot ...
Oryza sativa; angle of repose; brown rice; cohesion; cultivars; hulls; rough rice; seeds; water content; United States
Abstract:
... The angle of repose (AoR) is a primary characteristic determining the flowablity of grains and thus is an important property for designing rice handling and storage facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the AoR of contemporary rice cultivars grown in the United States. An apparatus was constructed to measure both the emptying and piling AoR of rice samples. The effect of rice cultivars ...
angle of repose; bulk density; deformation; droplets; foaming; foams; liquids; maltodextrins; microscopy; porosity; powders; shrinkage; spray drying; temperature
Abstract:
... The paper presents analysis of the effect of feed foaming on quality of sprayed dried powders. A series of extensive experiments of co-current spray drying of foamed maltodextrin solution for different solid concentrations, initial temperatures of drying air and foaming gas/liquid ratio (GLR) were carried out. Significant effect of feed foaming on powder properties was found; bulk density decrease ...
... This study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical properties and nutritive values of citric acid by-product (CABP) from cassava and to compare its properties with those of cassava root meal (CRM). The physical properties analyzed were color, bulk density, angle of repose, particle size distribution, and ultrastructure morphology. The chemical properties were determined using proximate analysis. R ...
... The utilization of biomass has been increasing in recent years, how to achieve successful feeding of biomass into the different utilization systems is a common problem. Reliable information on flow properties are required for the design of storage, processing and handling equipment. In this paper, the flow properties of four representative agricultural biomass powders (soybean straw, corn straw, r ...
angle of repose; drums (equipment); energy; powders; rolling
Abstract:
... Discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively used in the past to study granular flow in rotating drums, but mainly focussed on spherical particles. Particle shape, as one of the major particle characteristics, can significantly affect the flow behaviour of granular materials. However, how particle shape affects the flow regimes in rotating drums, has not been well studied in the literature. ...
angle of repose; carrots; digestibility; equipment; extrusion; feed additives; feed industry; feed intake; heat treatment; pomace; raw materials; shelf life; starch; temperature; water content; water solubility
Abstract:
... The main task of the compound feed industry is development and introduction of high-performance equipment and technologies, expansion of the resource base and the range of finished products. Along with this, in the canning industry, a lot of by-products are formed. By their chemical composition, they are as good as the main products. However, by-products of the canning industry are characterized b ...
Labeo rohita; angle of repose; carp; conveyors; fish processing; freshwater; head; mechanical properties; morphometry; power requirement; slicing; steel
Abstract:
... Indian major carps (IMC) viz. rohu, catla, and mrigal are the most important fresh water species. They are marketed locally without post-harvest processing and value addition because of the lack of suitable processing machines. The present study was undertaken to measure the morphometric and mechanical properties of rohu fish for the development of fish processing machinery, and the same can be ad ...
... The cohesive interactions between fine metal powder particles crucially influence their flow behavior, which is important to many powder-based manufacturing processes including metal additive manufacturing (AM). The present work proposes a novel modeling and characterization approach for micron-scale metal powders, with a focus on characteristics of importance to powder bed AM. The model is based ...
Lespedeza; agricultural engineering; angle of repose; bioactive properties; bulk density; color; compressibility; cultivars; gastrointestinal nematodes; livestock production; proanthocyanidins; production technology; seed weight; seeds; specific heat; surface area; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; water content
Abstract:
... The bioactivity of Sericea lespedeza (SL) condensed tannins, including suppression of gastrointestinal nematodes, has contributed to a surge in interest of use of this plant in livestock production systems worldwide. Physical and thermal properties of SL seeds (AU Grazer™ and Serala cultivars) were determined as a function of moisture content for a moisture range from 8.57% to 26.53%, wet basis. T ...
... The process parameters (temperature, residence time and heating rate) for torrefaction of Acacia nilotica in a fixed-bed reactor were optimized using response surface methodology. Maximum higher heating value and energy yield, both at the same time, were obtained at 252 °C, 60 min residence time, and 5 °C/min heating rate. Both the parameters were highly influenced by temperature; whereas residenc ...
... The discrete element method (DEM) is a numerical tool often used by engineers and researchers to design, analyse and improve bulk materials handling systems. However, the accuracy of any DEM model depends on the input values assigned to the parameters as determined through a calibration process. Together with this, limitations in computing power to model full scale systems are still limiting the u ...
angle of repose; biofuels; bulk density; chemical analysis; composite wood products; feedstocks; gasification; image analysis; mechanical properties; modulus of elasticity; pellets; plastics; wastes; water content; wood fibers; wood residues
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemo-mechanical performance of composite wood residue pellets blended with plastic wastes as potential feedstocks for producing advanced biofuels through gasification technology. The composite pellets of wood fiber and plastics were compressed longitudinally and laterally using a universal testing machine to evaluate their mechanical propertie ...
agricultural engineering; angle of repose; equipment design; oilseeds; porosity; seeds; specific heat; surface area; thermal conductivity; thermal diffusivity; triticale; water content
Abstract:
... The knowledge of physical and thermal properties in cereals, grains, and oilseeds establishes an essential engineering tool for the design of equipment, storage structures, and processes. The physical properties and thermal properties for Chia, Kañiwa, Farro, and Triticale grains were investigated at three levels of moisture content: 10%, 15%, and 20% (d.b.). Physical properties included 1000-seed ...
Christian A. Pensamiento-Niño; Betsabé Hernández-Santos; Erasmo Herman-Lara; José M. Juárez-Barrientos; Cecilia E. Martínez-Sánchez; Emmanuel J. Ramírez-Rivera; Jesús Rodríguez-Miranda
Pinus pinea; additives; angle of repose; arithmetics; emulsifying; friction; functional foods; functional properties; gelation; geometry; hardness; mechanical properties; oils; protein content; protein isolates; seeds; surface area; water uptake
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the nut and kernel of the Mexican pink pinion (Pinus pinea L.), as well as the physicochemical and functional properties of whole pink pinion meal (WPPM) as well defatted pink pinion meal (DPPM). The length, width, thickness, geometric diameter, arithmetic diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, surface area, volume, densit ...
angle of repose; beverages; contact angle; differential scanning calorimetry; glycerol; lecithins; light scattering; molasses; polyethylene glycol; powders; raw materials; scanning electron microscopy; small cereal grains; zeta potential
Abstract:
... We performed a pre-formulation investigation of a water-dispersible powdered beverage made of white and dark cereal grains, oleaginous extracts, and molasses. The study was done in several stages. First, the raw materials of the powders and their mixtures were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry, granulometric assays (using Carr and Hausner indexes and the angle of repose) and scann ...
... Storage, transfer and feeding of biomass particulate solids often cause problems at biobased production sites. Irregular flow and blockage in storage units create supply uncertainties and production stops with economically detrimental consequences. Despite the industrial awareness of these problems, reliable analysis methods for prediction of larger particle size biomass bulk solid flow properties ...
... Small‐seeded species are an integral component of many natural systems. However, small‐seeded species are often omitted from restoration projects due to limited flow through seeders, low broadcast distance, and inconsistent seeding rates. To address these problems, we developed a novel technique within a rotary coater that allows for the conglomeration of small, low‐purity seeds using a combinatio ...
angle of repose; friction; kinetic energy; mathematical models; model validation; particle size; sandy loam soils
Abstract:
... Understanding soil flow properties is important for designing high-performance soil-engaging tools in agriculture. In this study, soil flow tests were conducted for a sandy loam soil using the lifting cylinder method to obtain the angle of repose (AOR) of the soil. The soil flow was simulated using a numerical model developed based on the discrete element method (DEM). The model was validated with ...
angle of repose; face; geophysics; hydrodynamics; mathematical models; research; rivers; sediments; shear stress; turbulent flow; Argentina
Abstract:
... Bedforms are ubiquitous features in rivers and shallow seas, as mobile sediment is transported by flowing water. The mutual interaction of hydrodynamics and bedform has been widely studied in the laboratory over two‐dimensional bedforms having an angle‐of‐repose (30°) lee side and a relatively simple shape. However, the influence of bedform natural morphology and three‐dimensionality on the flow i ...
angle of repose; geometry; research; turbulent flow; water
Abstract:
... The present study numerically investigates the effects of bed geometrical properties on particle entrainment driven by Stokes flow. We use different substrate arrangements to alter two important factors: The angle of repose, φ, and degree of exposure, e, of the test particle. The effectiveness of shear flow in mobilizing surface particles will change with e and φ, or collectively, η = e/tanφ, yiel ...
... Although large anabranching rivers are a very common element in the greatest modern drainage basins, the recognition of such systems in the rock record is hampered by insufficient sedimentological information from active rivers. That is particularly the case of bar-top depositional environments in large anabranching rivers, motivating the survey of six selected areas of seasonally emergent bars in ...
angle of repose; brown rice; bulk density; color; cultivars; engineering; equipment; food transport; functional foods; hardness; hygroscopicity; paddies; porosity; seeds; surface area; water activity; India
Abstract:
... Paddy and brown rice samples were investigated for its physical characteristics which would aid in designing of the equipment and apparatus for processing of grains as sorting, grading and transportation with ease. Significant difference was observed among the different physical properties as geometrical (length, breadth, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, volume, surface area, aspect rat ...
angle of repose; cohesion; drums (equipment); glass; hydrophobicity; liquids; particle size; powders; rolling; temperature
Abstract:
... Liquid induced cohesion has a significant effect on the flow characteristics of wet granular assemblies. The strength of capillary forces between the particles can be continuously tuned by making the glass beads hydrophobic via chemical silanization. Main results of rotating drum experiments are that stronger liquid-induced cohesion decreases the width of the flowing region, the velocity of the pa ...
... The technology of metal powder-bed Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been evolving rapidly over the last few years. Creating parts through additive manufacturing within acceptable tolerances for porosity, strength and roughness is contingent upon many process variables. One important factor is the ability to spread uniform layers of loose powder for a given thickness over a given coverage area. This ...