An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
atomic force microscopy; data quality; mechanical properties; rubber; styrene; viscoelasticity
Abstract:
... An atomic force microscope (AFM) based fast dynamic scanning indentation (DSI) nano-DMA method, which relies only on the commonly available capabilities of commercial AFMs to provide quantitatively accurate high-resolution (∼15 nm) spatial maps of local viscoelastic mechanical properties (E′, E″, and tan ϕ) in heterogeneous soft adhesive material systems, is described. The versatility of the DSI a ...
basins; data quality; population distribution; sustainable development; China
Abstract:
... Population is one of the core elements of sustainable development. Quantifying the estimation accuracy of population spatial distribution has been recognized as a critical and challenging task. This study aims to evaluate the data accuracy of four population datasets in China, including three global gridded population datasets, the Gridded Population of the World (GPW), Global Rural and Urban Mapp ...
climate models; data quality; global change; probability; rain; rain gauges; satellites; spring; summer; urban areas; winter; China
Abstract:
... Satellite-based rainfall products have extensive applications in global change studies, but they are known to contain deviations that require comprehensive verification at different scales. In this paper, we evaluated the accuracies of two high-resolution satellite-based rainfall products: the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) rainfall product 3B42V7 and the Climate Prediction Center mo ...
Cyanobacteria; algae; biomass; chlorophyll; cleaning; data quality; early warning systems; lakes; microcystins; nitrates; nutrient content; prediction; summer; toxicity; turbidity; water quality; Gibraltar; Lake Erie; North America
Abstract:
... Microcystin (MCY)-producing harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cHABs) are an annual occurrence in Lake Erie, and buoys equipped with water quality sondes have been deployed to help researchers and resource managers track cHABs. The objective of this study was to determine how well water quality sondes attached to buoys measure total algae and cyanobacterial biomass and water turbidity. Water samples w ...
... This work highlights significant advancements in detector hardware and software for multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation (MWL-AUC) experiments, demonstrating improvement in both the spectral performance and UV capabilities of the instrument. The hardware is an extension of the Open AUC MWL detector developed in academia and first introduced in 2006 by Bhattacharya et al. Additional modif ...
common lands; data quality; equations; models; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; soil temperature; surface temperature
Abstract:
... An observation operator is a bridge linking the system state vector and observations in a data assimilation system. Despite its importance, the degree to which an observation operator influences the performance of data assimilation methods is still poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the influences of linear and nonlinear observation operators on the sequential data assimilation through ...
antimony; blood sampling; blood serum; chemical species; data quality; gold; iridium; mass spectrometry; osmium; palladium; platinum; rhenium; rhodium; risk; ruthenium; seawater; silver; snow; tap water; urine; Sweden
Abstract:
... The performance of double focusing, sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) for determination of analytes, including technology critical elements (TCE), at ultra-trace levels in environmental and clinical matrices was critically evaluated. Different configurations of the ICP-SFMS introduction system as well as various sample preparations, pre-concentration and matrix separation methods were empl ...
binding proteins; data quality; energy transfer; fluorescence; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; fluorescent dyes; histones; ligands; messenger RNA; models; monitoring; phosphorylation; protein unfolding; tryptophan; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Monitoring protein size changes has versatile applications in studying protein folding/unfolding, conformational rearrangements, and ligand binding. Traditionally, FRET has been used to obtain this information. However, the use of FRET often requires covalent attachment of exogenous fluorophores. Although intrinsic FRET also exists between tyrosine and tryptophan residues, it has been underused be ...
adsorption; angiotensin II; calibration; data quality; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; ionization; proteomics; synthetic peptides
Abstract:
... Identification and quantitation of related impurities is vital in obtaining corrected purity values for peptide certified reference materials. The sensitivity and selectivity of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) renders it an indispensable technique in this arena. Typical quantitation efforts involve constructing external calibration curves, although analysis of dilute peptide solutions can b ...
Monte Carlo method; bitumen; computer software; concrete; construction materials; data quality; databases; decision making; ecosystems; elementary flow; global warming; human health; inventories; parameter uncertainty; pavements; petroleum; probability distribution; supply chain; zinc; Quebec
Abstract:
... PURPOSE: Several efforts have attempted to incorporate the sources of uncertainty and variability into the life cycle assessment (LCA) of pavements. However, no method has been proposed that can simultaneously consider data quality, methodological choices, and variability in inputs and outputs without the need for complementary software. This study aims to develop and implement a flexible method t ...
anthropometric measurements; case studies; children; data quality; food and nutrition programs; health surveys; households; malnutrition; standard deviation; Kenya
Abstract:
... Evidence-based nutrition programs depend on accurate estimates of malnutrition derived from data collected in population representative surveys. The feasibility of obtaining accurate anthropometric data as part of national, multisectoral surveys has been a debated issue. The study aimed to evaluate changes in anthropometric data quality corresponding to investments by the Kenya Ministry of Health ...
C. Borrego; J. Ginja; M. Coutinho; C. Ribeiro; K. Karatzas; Th Sioumis; N. Katsifarakis; K. Konstantinidis; S. De Vito; E. Esposito; M. Salvato; P. Smith; N. André; P. Gérard; L.A. Francis; N. Castell; P. Schneider; M. Viana; M.C. Minguillón; W. Reimringer; R.P. Otjes; O. von Sicard; R. Pohle; B. Elen; D. Suriano; V. Pfister; M. Prato; S. Dipinto; M. Penza
... The EuNetAir Joint Exercise focused on the evaluation and assessment of environmental gaseous, particulate matter (PM) and meteorological microsensors versus standard air quality reference methods through an experimental urban air quality monitoring campaign. This work presents the second part of the results, including evaluation of parameter dependencies, measurement uncertainty of sensors and th ...
air quality; algorithms; automation; case studies; data quality; instrumentation; ozone; public health; quality control; Texas
Abstract:
... Recent improvements in low-cost air quality instrumentation make deployment of dense networks of sensors possible. However, the shear volume of data from these networks means that traditional methods for data quality control and data analysis are no longer viable. We propose a real-time data scanning routine that detects local and regional variability within the data sets. This can be used to diff ...
arginine; biochemical pathways; biomarkers; biotransformation; chemical structure; data quality; liquid chromatography; lung neoplasms; metabolism; metabolites; metabolomics; monitoring; quantitative analysis; tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... The discovery and identification of reliable disease biomarkers and relevant disrupted metabolic pathways is still a major challenge in metabolomics. Here, we proposed a biotransformation-based metabolomics profiling method to identify reliable disease biomarkers by simultaneous quantitation and qualification of cancer-related metabolites and their metabolic pathways via liquid chromatography-tand ...
data quality; deformation; geodesy; geophysics; models; prediction; research; uncertainty; California
Abstract:
... The interseismic moment deficit rate (MDR) constrains the potential for future moment release in earthquakes. Published estimates of the geodetic MDR in Southern California vary by a factor of 3 depending on the type of forward model, method of estimation, and data quality. It is our aim to determine to what degree these discrepancies may be explained by quantifying the uncertainty for a given cla ...
computer software; data quality; databases; life cycle inventory; models
Abstract:
... INTRODUCTION: New platforms are emerging that enable more data providers to publish life cycle inventory data. BACKGROUND: Providing datasets that are not complete LCA models results in fragments that are difficult for practitioners to integrate and use for LCA modeling. Additionally, when proxies are used to provide a technosphere input to a process that was not originally intended by the process ...
... The objective of this research is to improve the understanding and recognition of the management challenges to flash flooding hazards and the potential adaptive measures within the arid urban areas through a socio-hydrological framework. Considering the capital of Sudan, Khartoum, as an example of urban arid areas with increasing flash flood risk, the analysis was founded on expert views and opini ...
data quality; databases; drugs; epidemiological studies; farms; interviews; swine
Abstract:
... Epidemiological studies often use data from registers. Data quality is of vital importance for the quality of the research. The aim of this study was to suggest a structured workflow to assess the quality of veterinary national registers. As an example of how to use the workflow, the quality of the following three registers was assessed: the Central Husbandry Register (CHR), the database for movem ...
brackish water; data quality; estuaries; lakes; reflectance; research; Chesapeake Bay
Abstract:
... Although designed for land surfaces, MODIS Aqua surface reflectance data products (MYD09, termed as R_Land in this work) have also been used for water applications. Yet to date their uncertainties and general suitability in such applications have rarely been documented. In this study, R_Land products of two regions (Chesapeake Bay and Taihu Lake) between July 2002 and December 2015 are evaluated a ...
computer software; data quality; lakes; lentic systems; lotic systems; spatial data; streams; surface water; water quality; United States
Abstract:
... Addressing continental scale challenges affecting inland aquatic systems requires data at comparable scales. Critically, local in-situ observations for both lotic and lentic ecosystems are frequently fragmented across federal, state and local agencies, and nonprofit or academic organizations and must be linked to other geospatial data to be useful. To advance macro-scale aquatic ecosystem science, ...
Manu E. Saunders; Erin Roger; William L. Geary; Floret Meredith; Dustin J. Welbourne; Alex Bako; Emily Canavan; Francesca Herro; Charlotte Herron; Olivia Hung; Madeline Kunstler; Jade Lin; Natasha Ludlow; Mayling Paton; Sunny Salt; Tallulah Simpson; Ariana Wang; Nikki Zimmerman; Kalani B. Drews; Hayley F. Dawson; Lachlan W. J. Martin; Jack B. Sutton; Chiquita C. Webber; Amy L. Ritchie; Leigham D. Berns; Bella A. Winch; Holly R. Reeves; Eiron C. McLennan; Jordan M. Gardner; Charli G. Butler; Emily I. Sutton; Max M. Couttie; Jake B. Hildebrand; Isabella A. Blackney; Justine A. Forsyth; Deborah M. Keating; Angela T. Moles
data quality; environmental science; environmental sustainability; habitats; literacy; pollinators; school children; schools; science education; students; urban areas
Abstract:
... Citizen science can play an important role in school science education. Citizen science is particularly relevant to addressing current societal environmental sustainability challenges, as it engages the students directly with environmental science and gives students an understanding of the scientific process. In addition, it allows students to observe local representations of global challenges. He ...
basins; data quality; developing countries; ecosystem services; gauges; hydrology; monitoring; user interface; water management; Kenya
Abstract:
... Although water is involved in many ecosystem services, the absence of monitoring data restricts the development of effective water management strategies especially in remote regions. Traditional monitoring networks can be expensive, with unaffordable costs in many low-income countries. Involving citizens in monitoring through crowdsourcing has the potential to reduce these costs but remains uncomm ...
Cetacea; coasts; data quality; databases; ecosystems; geographic information systems; marine mammals; natural resources conservation; risk; surveys; uncertainty; wildlife; British Columbia
Abstract:
... Citizen science observations represent a significant and growing source of species and ecosystem knowledge. These data have potential to support traditional surveys. Databases of citizen observations of wildlife are growing, but how to use this information for scientific purposes is less clear owing to uncertainty in sampling distribution and data quality. In this study, we demonstrate how mapping ...
consumer attitudes; cultivars; data quality; flavor; strawberries
Abstract:
... Napping has recently been gaining popularity as a rapid descriptive profiling method, primarily for the reduction in cost and time when compared with traditional descriptive analysis. Questions remain regarding the accuracy of data from untrained consumers and how this differs from a trained panel. The aim of this research is to compare results obtained from a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QD ...
administrative management; data quality; saline water; surveys
Abstract:
... Many fisheries monitoring programs use self‐administered surveys to collect data, which are subject to recall error. Recall error occurs when respondents inaccurately remember past events due to telescoping (remembering events more recently or further back in time than they occurred) or omission error (forgetting events altogether). Previous research on the effects of variable reference periods in ...
climate; data quality; electricity generation; experts; models; monitoring; power generation; solar energy; time series analysis; wind; wind power
Abstract:
... Investigation of pathways toward decarbonisation of energy supply systems strongly relies on integration of electricity generation from wind and photovoltaics (PV). Energy system model authors are typically not experts in creation of representative weather datasets, which are fundamental for an unbiased representation of volatile power generation within the models. The aim of this work is therefor ...
North Americans; brackish water; computer software; data quality; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; near-infrared spectroscopy; polymers; reflectance; remote sensing; tropics
Abstract:
... Using in situ data of spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rᵣₛ, sr⁻¹) collected over North American oceanic, coastal and estuarine waters between 2002 and 2016 (N = 942), we evaluate two atmospheric correction approaches applied to MODIS measurements. One is the POLYnomial based approach originally designed for MERIS (POLYMER) but adopted and implemented for MODIS, and the other is the traditional ...
... Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) and ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS–MS) are increasingly being used to address challenges associated with the analysis of highly complex samples. In this work, we evaluate the potential of the combination of these techniques in the form of a comprehensive three-dimensional LC × LC × IMS separation system. As application ...
Black Slavonian; animal models; artificial insemination; breeding programs; data quality; farmers; gene flow; germplasm; pedigree; piglets; sires
Abstract:
... Establishing breeding programmes for preserved autochthonous breeds might be a good way for their sustainable utilization. The goal of the genetic evaluation according to breeding programme is to select breeding animals which will be used by the larger number of farmers. Connectedness between contemporary groups plays important role for an accurate comparison of animals when animal model is used f ...
carbon markets; data quality; meat; people; surveys
Abstract:
... Despite widespread use in nonmarket valuation, data quality remains an ongoing challenge for survey methods. One key concern is whether participants attentively respond to survey questions or whether they exert less than full effort. To determine the prevalence and consequences of inattention bias in surveys, we estimate how meat demand varies across people who do and do not miss trap questions. U ...
computer software; data quality; economic development; private sector; risk reduction
Abstract:
... Benefits of open data are diverse and range from improved efficiency of public administrations, economic growth in the private sector. Agriculture is also an inseparable part of the private sector. These data can stimulate economic growth. Economy can benefit from an easier access to information, content and knowledge in turn contributing to the development of innovative services and creation of n ...
... Data commons have emerged as the best current method for enabling data aggregation across multiple projects and multiple data sources. Good data harmonization techniques are critical to maintain quality of data within a data commons, as well as to allow future meta-analysis across different data commons. We present some of the current best practices for data harmonization. ...
... Here we took several stimulus configurations that have the same numerosity progression but vary considerably in their non-numerical visual features. We collected responses to these stimuli using ultra-high-field (7T) fMRI in a posterior parietal area that responds to changes in these stimuli. We first quantify the relationships between numerosity and several non-numerical visual features in each s ...
... BACKGROUND: Multiple layers of genetic and epigenetic variability are being simultaneously explored in an increasing number of health studies. We summarize here different approaches applied in the Data Mining and Machine Learning group at the GAW20 to integrate genome-wide genotype and methylation array data. RESULTS: We provide a non-intimidating introduction to some frequently used methods to in ...
... Empirically based, the data description covers business transparency in Russia and availability of corporate information for interested parties. Entry barriers in the form of a fee for hard copies of documents are perceptible as an important indicator of business publicity. The study made it possible to summarize current data on 5070 Russian enterprises in order to estimate document copying cost d ...
data analysis; data quality; extracts; hospitals; materials; nesting; nests; patients; research; Alberta
Abstract:
... Data presented in this article relates to the research article entitled “Exploration of association rule mining for coding consistency and completeness assessment in inpatient administrative health data” (Peng et al. [1]) in preparation).We provided a set of ICD-10 coding association rules in the age group of 55 to 65. The rules were extracted from an inpatient administrative health data at five a ...
... A prerequisite for application of crop models is a careful parameterization based on observational data. However, there are limited studies investigating the link between quality and quantity of observed data and its suitability for model parameterization. Here, we explore the interactions between number of measurements, noise and model predictive skills to simulate the impact of 2050′s climate ch ...
data quality; higher education; learning; markets; sampling; statistical analysis; Nigeria
Abstract:
... This paper provides data on the interactive quality of the educational services rendered in south west, Nigeria. Data were gathered based on conclusive research design. Stratified and convenience sampling techniques were adopted. Responses were elicited from the alumni as regards to their perception towards the interactive quality; learning, group discussion, breadth, assignment, examination as we ...
business enterprises; carbon; carbon markets; data quality; emissions; energy; guidelines; issues and policy; monitoring; oxidation; China
Abstract:
... China is now in the process of building its national carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS). Data are the foundation for the design and operation of an ETS. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the data requirements for China’s national ETS construction and the existing ETS-related data for enterprises in China. In doing so, it identifies the underlying data gap in building China’s nationa ...
adults; data quality; databases; energy intake; food intake; meta-analysis; overweight; systematic review; weight loss
Abstract:
... Understanding how adherence to dietary self-monitoring with apps has been defined is a first step toward examining the relationship between adherence and weight loss. The purpose of this review was to explore how adherence to dietary self-monitoring has been defined in the empirical literature that addresses weight loss app use by overweight and obese adults. The integrative review method and the ...
Lolium perenne; Panicum virgatum; acid insoluble lignin; biomass; case studies; cell walls; computer software; cost analysis; data quality; decision support systems; dry matter accumulation; ethanol; experimental design; forage; genetic analysis; genetic improvement; marker-assisted selection; prediction; probability analysis; quality control; seasonal growth; Australia; New Zealand
Abstract:
... In this paper, we introduce a unique new plant breeding decision support software tool DeltaGen, implemented in R and its package Shiny. DeltaGen provides plant breeders with a single integrated solution for experimental design generation, data quality control, statistical and quantitative genetic analyses, breeding strategy evaluation, simulation, and cost analysis, pattern analysis, index select ...
audits; business enterprises; case studies; data quality; databases; human resources; infrastructure; manufacturing; models; production technology
Abstract:
... Some companies improve their production performance using manufacturing or operations models. In the last decade these models have come to be known as “X” production systems (XPS), or company-specific production systems. XPS systems have been oriented mainly to implement lean manufacturing and continuous improvement principles, but have shown little progress in terms of sustainability ...
air pollutants; air pollution; algorithms; data quality; humans; meteorological parameters; monitoring; neural networks; particulates; principal component analysis; Colombia
Abstract:
... Air pollution is an important matter for local authorities in Bogotá (Colombia), with PM10 and PM2.5 being the most serious air pollutants in the city. In the present study, data mining algorithms were used to establish the most influential meteorological variables on air pollution in Bogotá, and to develop models to forecast PM10 and PM2.5 to help local authorities prevent human exposure to high ...
European Union; Internet; data quality; electric energy consumption; electricity; power plants; Europe
Abstract:
... Applied power system research is data intensive, often requiring hour-by-hour data on electricity consumption and generation as well as detailed information about technical and cost parameters of power stations. The European Union obliges firms to publish much of this information on a common website, the “ENTSO-E Transparency Platform” operated by the association of transmission system operators. ...
attitudes and opinions; batteries; data quality; interviews; statistical analysis; statistical models; surveys
Abstract:
... In survey interviews, “Don’t know” (DK) responses are commonly treated as missing data. One way to reduce the rate of such responses is to probe initial DK answers with a follow-up question designed to encourage respondents to give substantive, non-DK responses. However, such probing can also reduce data quality by introducing additional or differential measurement error. We propose a latent varia ...
climate change; data quality; digital elevation models; geodesy; glaciers; ice; observational studies; Arctic region; Greenland
Abstract:
... Greenland’s peripheral glaciers and ice caps are key indicators of climate change in the Arctic, but quantitative observational data of their recent evolution are sparse. Three recently released high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs)—AeroDEM (based on images from 1978 to 1987), ArcticDEM (2012–2015), and TanDEM-X (2010–2014)—provide the possibility to calculate elevation changes spanning ...
... The updating of changing information plays a significant role in ensuring the quality of OpenStreetMap, which is usually completed by mapping the whole changing objects with a high degree of uncertainty. The incremental object-based approach provides opportunities to reduce the unreliability of data, while challenges of data inaccuracy and redundancy remain. This paper provides an incremental outl ...
United Nations; United States Agency for International Development; college students; data quality; development projects; funding; geographic information systems; geography; infrastructure; insecticides; malaria; peers; poverty; public health; spatial data; supply balance; sustainable development; youth; Kenya; Mozambique
Abstract:
... Practitioners bemoan lack of data as one of the biggest obstacles to progress towards global sustainable development goals. This paper explores a scaled-up participatory method developed by YouthMappers, for creating missing geospatial data derived from remotely sensed imagery in order to contribute to persistent data needs in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ...
anisotropy; chemical compounds; chemical reactions; data quality
Abstract:
... A method is introduced to measure residual chemical shift anisotropies conveniently and accurately in the mesophase of poly-γ-(benzyl-l-glutamate). The alignment amplitude is substantially enhanced over common methods which greatly benefits measurements particularly on sp³ carbons. The approach offers significant improvements in data accuracy and utility for small molecule structure determination. ...
case studies; coal; data quality; equipment; mass flow; monitoring; power plants
Abstract:
... Wide-range and frequent operation changes have become a common phenomenon with thermal power plants in the context of fast penetration of intermittent renewable power. Performance monitoring at transient states is more important to the safety and high efficiency of power plants. Data quality is essential for conducting dynamic performance monitoring, and dynamic data reconciliation (DDR) provides ...