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You searched for: Publication Year 2017 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2017 Subject bending strength Remove constraint Subject: bending strength
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1. Annual ring orientation effect on bending strength of subfossil elm wood

Author:
Vera Rede; Sara Essert; Janoš Kodvanj
Source:
Journal of wood science 2017 v.63 no.1 pp. 31-36
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
Weibull statistics; arithmetics; bending strength; forest stands; growth rings; light microscopy; rivers; villages; wood; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Southern European region
Abstract:
... The effect of annual rings’ orientation on bending strength was examined on subfossil elm wood. Elm is extremely rarely found as subfossil wood, and during the last 50–60 years it has almost disappeared from natural forest stands of south-eastern Europe, due to the Elm Dutch disease. The samples were cut from approximately 670 years old subfossil elm trunk retrieved from the bed of the river Sava ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-016-1596-x

2. Assessment of the bending strength of mortise-tenon and dovetail joints in leg-and-rail construction using Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre Ex Engl. and Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague

Author:
Kwadwo Boakye Boadu; Charles Antwi-Boasiako
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.4 pp. 242-250
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
Entandrophragma cylindricum; bending strength; engineering; furniture; joints (wood); raw materials; wood
Abstract:
... Mortise-tenon joints for working chair construction fail under bending stresses. Dovetail joints could offer an alternative due to their resistance to bending. However, furniture joint strength depends on the design of the parts and appropriateness of the timber for the construction. Information on timber-joint design combination that would improve joint strength is lacking for most secondary timb ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2016.1174883

3. Bending properties of loblolly pine

Author:
Oluwafemi Oyedeji; Andrew Young; Oladiran Fasina
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2017 v.109 no. pp. 905-911
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Pinus taeda; bark; bending strength; bending stress; pith; regression analysis; tree trunk; trees; water content; wood
Abstract:
... A three-point bending test was used to assess the effects of moisture content, radial location, and tree height on the specific toughness and bending stress of loblolly pine. Test samples were collected at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the radial distance between the tree pith and bark, across four heights (0mm/tree base, 116.84mm/breast height, 304.80mm, and 457.20mm) of five randomly selected loblol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.060
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.060

4. Comparison of Wood Quality of Douglas Fir and Spruce from Afforested Agricultural Land and Permanent Forest Land in the Czech Republic

Author:
Aleš Zeidler; Vlastimil Borůvka; Ondřej Schönfelder
Source:
Forests 2017 v.9 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; Pseudotsuga menziesii; agricultural land; bending strength; forest land; modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture; softwood; trees; wood density; wood quality; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... This study compares the quality of wood from two distinct sites in the Czech Republic—from former afforested agricultural land and forest land. We compared the properties of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies Karst.) and Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.), the most important domestic tree species, to Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco), a North American tree species and a potential ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9010013

5. Conformal Electronics Wrapped Around Daily Life Objects Using an Original Method: Water Transfer Printing

Author:
Le Borgne Brice; De Sagazan Olivier; Crand Samuel; Jacques Emmanuel; Harnois Maxime
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2017 v.9 no.35 pp. 29424-29429
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
bending strength; electronics; films (materials)
Abstract:
... The water transfer printing method is used to transfer patterned films on random three-dimensional objects. This industrially viable technology has been demonstrated to intimately wrap metallic and polymeric films around different materials. This method avoids the use of rigid substrate during the transfer step. Patterns can be transferred to objects without folds even when holed, addressing a cha ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.7b07327

6. Critical section effect during derivation of settings for grading machines based on dynamic modulus of elasticity

Author:
Andreas Rais; Jan-Willem G. Van de Kuilen
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.4 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
Picea abies; bending strength; engineering; equipment; materials science; modulus of elasticity; wood
Abstract:
... Testing of the critical section between the load points in four-point bending testing is required according to [DIN EN 384:2010–08, Structural Timber – Determination of Characteristic Values of Mechanical Properties and Density (Brussels European Committee for Standardization)]. However, strength grading machines based on measurements of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) benefit as the st ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2015.1109546

7. Diatomaceous earth as an inorganic additive to reduce formaldehyde emissions from particleboards

Author:
Monika Funk; Rupert Wimmer; Stergios Adamopoulos
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.2 pp. 92-97
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
additives; bending strength; diatomaceous earth; emissions; engineering; formaldehyde; mixing; particleboards; quartz; sand; urea; urea formaldehyde; wood
Abstract:
... The presented research is about the use of a new type of a functional inorganic additive in particleboards, for the purpose of reducing free formaldehyde releases. One-layered particleboards were prepared in the laboratory by mixing industrial wood particles and urea-formaldehyde resin. Natural, abundantly and cheaply available nano-mesoporous diatomaceous earth (DE) was used, without and in combi ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2015.1040066

8. Dietary patterns explaining differences in bone mineral density and hip structure in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study

Author:
Ester AL de Jonge; Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong; Albert Hofman; André G Uitterlinden; Brenda CT Kieboom; Trudy Voortman; Oscar H Franco; Fernando Rivadeneira
Source:
American journal of clinical nutrition 2017 v.105 no.1 pp. 203-211
ISSN:
1938-3207
Subject:
animal fats and oils; bending strength; bone density; dietary recommendations; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; eating habits; elderly; food frequency questionnaires; food groups; fruit products; general practitioners; geometry; hip fractures; hips; meat; pelvic bones; risk factors; sweets; vegetables
Abstract:
... Background: Evidence on the association between dietary patterns, measures of hip bone geometry, and subsequent fracture risk are scarce. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether dietary patterns that explain most variation in bone mineral density (BMD) and hip bone geometry are associated with fracture risk. Design: We included 4028 subjects aged ≥55 y from the Rotterdam stu ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.116.139196

9. Effect of accelerated aging treatment on a surface property and dynamic mechanical properties of commercial wood-based panels

Author:
Sahriyanti Saad; Hikaru Kobori; Yoichi Kojima; Shigehiko Suzuki
Source:
Journal of wood science 2017 v.63 no.5 pp. 496-505
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
accelerated aging; bending strength; biphenyl; medium density fiberboards; modulus of elasticity; particleboards; relative humidity; roughness; surface roughness
Abstract:
... Changes in surface property and mechanical properties in commercial particleboards and medium density fiberboards subjected to repetitive relative humidity treatment (i.e., aging treatment) were investigated. The stylus technique was used to evaluate surface roughness and a non-destructive vibrational test was used to evaluate dynamic bending strength during aging treatment. These methods evaluate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-017-1640-5

10. Effect of lanthanum doping on the far-infrared emission property of vanadium–titanium slag ceramic

Author:
Kewei Zhang; Yi Deng; Yuanyi Yang; Yongkang Liao; Bozhi Wang; Bing Gong; Weizhong Yang
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.22 pp. 13509-13516
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; absorption; bending strength; ceramics; crystallites; iron; lanthanum; microstructure; minerals; raw materials; scanning electron microscopy; slags; solid wastes; vibration
Abstract:
... In the present study, a series of far-infrared ceramics were successfully synthesized using vanadium–titanium slag solid waste and some ordinary minerals as main raw materials with lanthanum (La) as an additive. The phase composition and microstructure of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ...
DOI:
10.1039/c6ra27935j

11. Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species

Author:
P. Schlotzhauer; P. A. Nelis; S. Bollmus; A. Gellerich; H. Militz; W. Seim
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.3 pp. 149-157
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
Acer; Betula pendula; Fagus sylvatica; Fraxinus excelsior; Quercus; Tilia; bending strength; compression strength; engineering; forests; geometry; hardwood; marketing; materials science; tensile strength
Abstract:
... The total hardwood timber stock of German forests is fast growing. The lack of knowledge concerning test standards, product standards and sorting criteria makes it difficult to expand the processing and marketing of hardwoods into the field of construction usage. Strength and stiffness data derived from small, defect-free specimens do mostly exist, but in order to be able to insert hardwoods into ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2015.1073175

12. Effect of temperature on bending behavior of woven fabric-reinforced PPS-based composites

Author:
Shiyu Wang; Zhengong Zhou; Jiazhen Zhang; Guodong Fang; Yue Wang
Source:
Journal of materials science 2017 v.52 no.24 pp. 13966-13976
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
bending strength; carbon; glass; glass fibers; glass transition; models; temperature; thermoplastics
Abstract:
... The flexural behavior of two kinds of PPS-based composites (carbon and glass fiber woven fabric reinforcements) from 23 to 200 °C was evaluated in terms of load–displacement curves, stiffness, strength and failure mechanisms. With the increase in temperature, the bending stiffness for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites decreased by 36.71 and 34.98%, and bending strength dec ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-017-1480-0

13. Effects of heat treatment on some properties of MDF (medium-density fiberboard)

Author:
Saim Ates; Hasimet R. Kara; Cag˘ri Olgun; Osman E. Ozkan
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.3 pp. 158-164
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
absorption; bending strength; engineering; fiberboards; formaldehyde; heat treatment; modulus of elasticity; pressing; temperature; tensile strength; wood
Abstract:
... This work investigated some mechanical, physical and free formaldehyde emission properties of heat-treated MDF. For this purpose, MDF panels were subjected to varying heat treatment temperatures (155°C, 165°C and 175°C), durations (2.5 h., 3.5 h. and 4.5 h.) and waiting times after hot pressing (30 min., 120 min. and 600 min). Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), free formaldehyde emiss ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2015.1073176

14. Effects of hydrophobic-modified cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on cell morphology and mechanical properties of high void fraction polypropylene nanocomposite foams

Author:
Long Wang; Megumi Ando; Masaya Kubota; Shota Ishihara; Yuta Hikima; Masahiro Ohshima; Takafumi Sekiguchi; Akihiro Sato; Hiroyuki Yano
Source:
Composites 2017 v.98 pp. 166-173
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
anhydrides; bending strength; calorimetry; cellulose microfibrils; crystallization; foams; hydrophobicity; injection molding; nanocomposites; polypropylenes; temperature; viscoelasticity; viscosity
Abstract:
... Nanocomposite foams based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with a void fraction as high as 80% were fabricated by a core-back foam injection molding (FIM). The hydrophobic CNFs were modified using alkenyl succinic anhydride. Different rheological curves such as the complex viscosity and tan δ–ω curves were investigated to distinguish the effects of CNFs on PP’s visc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.03.028

15. Effects of laccase incubated from white rot fungi on the mechanical properties of fiberboard

Author:
Xiaodong Zhu; Song Han; Yu Liu; Guangsheng Chen
Source:
Journal of forestry research 2017 v.28 no.6 pp. 1293-1300
ISSN:
1007-662X
Subject:
bending strength; chemical bonding; fiberboards; laccase; lignin; modulus of elasticity; white-rot fungi; wood fibers
Abstract:
... White rot fungi were optimized to cultivate highly active laccase. The characteristics of laccase incubated by continuous culture were compared with those of direct culture. The enzyme activity of laccase incubated by continuous culture technology reached a higher value on the fifth day of the growth. The optimization incubation time of high activity laccase was the eleventh day. A large amount of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11676-017-0398-3

16. Effects of waste glass and waste foundry sand additions on reclaimed tiles containing sewage sludge ash

Author:
Deng-Fong Lin; Huan-Lin Luo; Kuo-Liang Lin; Zhe-Kun Liu
Source:
Environmental technology 2017 v.38 no.13-14 pp. 1679-1688
ISSN:
1479-487X
Subject:
absorption; bending strength; ceramics; clay; environmental technology; glass; industrial byproducts; recycling; sand; shrinkage; sludge; sludge ash; temperature; tiles; wastewater treatment; weight loss
Abstract:
... Applying sewage sludge ash (SSA) to produce reclaimed tiles is a promising recycling technology in resolving the increasing sludge wastes from wastewater treatment. However, performance of such reclaimed tiles is inferior to that of original ceramic tiles. Many researchers have therefore tried adding various industrial by-products to improve reclaimed tile properties. In this study, multiple mater ...
DOI:
10.1080/09593330.2017.1296891

17. Enhanced durability of carbon nanotube grafted hierarchical ceramic microfiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Author:
Ajay Krishnamurthy; Donald L. Hunston; Amanda L. Forster; Bharath Natarajan; Andrew H. Liotta; Sunny S. Wicks; Paul E. Stutzman; Brian L. Wardle; J. Alexander Liddle; Aaron M. Forster
Source:
Carbon 2017 v.125 pp. 63-75
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
acoustics; bending strength; carbon; carbon nanotubes; ceramics; diffusivity; durability; epoxides; scanning electron microscopy; temperature
Abstract:
... Carbon nanotube (CNT) hierarchical composites are increasingly identified as next-generation aerospace materials, so it is vital to evaluate their long-term structural performance under aging environments. In this work, the durability of hierarchical CNT grafted aluminoborosilicate microfiber-epoxy composites (CNT composites) are compared against aluminoborosilicate composites (baseline composites ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2017.09.006
PubMed:
29170562
PubMed Central:
PMC5695714

18. Epoxy Matrix Composites Containing Urea Formaldehyde Waste Particulate Filler

Author:
Nurcan Calis Acikbas; Gokhan Acikbas
Source:
Waste and biomass valorization 2017 v.8 no.3 pp. 669-678
ISSN:
1877-2641
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; bending strength; cellulose; composite materials; epoxides; hardness; particle size; porosity; recycling; scanning electron microscopy; urea formaldehyde; viscosity; wastes
Abstract:
... In the present study, industrial toilet seat wastes which contain 70 wt% urea formaldehyde and 30 wt% cellulose were used as a particulate reinforcement in epoxy matrix and their mechanical and physical properties were investigated. The usage of urea formaldehyde and cellulose mixture as filler of polymer composite materials is a novel study. Initially toilet seat wastes were ground and particles ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12649-016-9651-9

19. Excellent rheological performance and impact toughness of cellulose nanofibers/PLA/ionomer composite

Author:
Jingjing Li; Jian Li; Dejun Feng; Jingfeng Zhao; Jingrong Sun; Dagang Li
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.46 pp. 28889-28897
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
adhesion; bending strength; cellulose nanofibers; extrusion; lubrication; maleic anhydrides; polyethylene; polylactic acid; scanning electron microscopy; viscosity
Abstract:
... Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratio were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) by extrusion. Surlyn ionomer was adopted to improve the interfacial adhesion and impact toughness of the CNFs/PLA composite. To overcome the aggregation of CNFs, a water preblending process was carried out before the extrusion. The rheological results showed the ionomer can decrease the viscosity of the ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ra04302c

20. Four-point key-hole side-edge-notched bending (4KHSENB) strength of medium-density fibreboard

Author:
Hiroshi Yoshihara; Makoto Maruta
Source:
Holzforschung 2017 v.71 no.11 pp. 889-892
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
bending strength; fiberboards; prediction
Abstract:
... Four-point key-hole side-edge-notched bending (4KHSENB) tests of medium-density fibreboard (MDF), a quasi-isotropic material, were conducted. The experimental results were analysed via data reduction methods, including the elementary beam theory (EBT), the point stress criterion (PSC), the average stress criterion (ASC) and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), which are applicable to MDF spec ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2017-0050

21. High-Efficiency Robust Free-Standing Composited Phosphor Films with 2D and 3D Nanostructures for High-Power Remote White LEDs

Author:
Lai Chun-Feng; Li Jia-Sian; Shen Chung-Wen
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017 v.9 no.5 pp. 4851-4859
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
bending strength; blue light; color; nanomaterials; relative humidity; resins; temperature; transmittance; white light
Abstract:
... This study demonstrated that combined free-standing quasi-amorphous/micropattern (QA/MP) composited resin film-assisted phosphor films enhanced the mechanical robustness, luminous efficacy, color rendering index (CRI), and special R9 of high-power remote warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). Introducing QA/MP nanostructures into phosphor film resulted in high efficiency of remote warm WLEDs wi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.6b12531

22. Homogeneous dispersion of chitin nanofibers in polylactic acid with different pretreatment methods

Author:
Jingjing Li; Yanqing Gao; Jingfeng Zhao; Jingrong Sun; Dagang Li
Source:
Cellulose 2017 v.24 no.4 pp. 1705-1715
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
bending strength; chitin; crabs; extrusion; nanofibers; polyethylene glycol; polylactic acid
Abstract:
... Chitin nanofibers extracted from crab shell were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) by extrusion molding. The dispersion problem of nanofibers in PLA matrix was solved by three pretreatment methods, including water pretreatment, polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment, and polyethylene oxide (PEO) pretreatment. The results demonstrated that chitin nanofibers were distributed uniformly on the f ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-017-1216-y

23. Hybrid particleboard from kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) reinforced with dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata): effects of particle mixing ratio on physical and mechanical properties

Author:
Sourav Bagchi Ratul; Khandkar-Siddikur Rahman; Md. Abu Wabaeid Hasan; Md. Azharul Islam; Md. Nazrul Islam; Md. Iftekhar Shams
Source:
Journal 2017 v.14 no.2 pp. 115-121
ISSN:
0972-172X
Subject:
Neolamarckia cadamba; Sesbania bispinosa; bending strength; brown-rot fungi; decay resistance; hybrids; mixing; particleboards; raw materials; statistical analysis; urea formaldehyde; wood
Abstract:
... This study deals with the fabrication of three layer hybrid particleboard using kadam branch (Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp.) and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata (Willd.)) as raw material with urea formaldehyde resin adhesive as 11% in the face and 9% in the core. Two types of particleboard i.e., dhaincha fine particles: face layer and kadam wood coarse particles:core layer (HB-A) and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13196-017-0195-9

24. Improving physical and mechanical properties of new lignin- urea-glyoxal resin by nanoclay

Author:
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.6 pp. 885-891
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; absorption; ambient temperature; bending strength; formaldehyde; gelation; gels; lignin; mixing; montmorillonite; nanoclays; physicochemical properties; plywood; resins; shear strength; sodium; toxicity; urea; wood
Abstract:
... To eliminate toxic formaldehyde from wood based panels, glyoxal, a low volatility and nontoxic aldehyde, was used to react with urea and lignin to prepare a glyoxalated lignin- urea-glyoxal (LUG) wood adhesive resin. Moreover, another objective of this research work was to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the new LUG resins by nanoclay addition. For the preparation of LUG resin, g ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1153-8

25. Influence of a long-term storage in anaerobic conditions on Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst.) physical and mechanical wood properties

Author:
Simon Riguelle; Cécile Lesire; Jacques Hébert; Benoit Jourez
Source:
Wood material science and engineering 2017 v.12 no.5 pp. 288-294
ISSN:
1748-0280
Subject:
Gliocladium; Picea abies; anaerobic conditions; bending strength; color; environmental impact; materials science; modulus of elasticity; silos; storage; storm damage; storms; wood logs; wood quality
Abstract:
... Timber storage is a key aspect of storm damage management. After huge storms, sprinkling storage is usually the most used conservation process but anaerobic storage in sealed silos appears as good alternative to preserve wood quality over long periods. This paper investigates the impact of long-term (57 months) storage of Norway spruce logs in anaerobic atmosphere on wood properties. Tests were pe ...
DOI:
10.1080/17480272.2016.1178668

26. Influence of temperature of thermal treatment on surface densification of spruce

Author:
Mirko Kariz; Manja Kitek Kuzman; Milan Sernek; Mark Hughes; Lauri Rautkari; Frederick A. Kamke; Andreja Kutnar
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.1 pp. 113-123
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Picea abies; bending strength; hardness; heat treatment; modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture; temperature; wood
Abstract:
... Spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) wood lamellae, thermally treated at 170, 190, 210 and 230 °C were surface densified by compression at a temperature of 150 °C to three degrees of compression. Immediate springback, set recovery, mechanical properties in 3-point flexure, Brinell hardness and density profiles measurements were used to determine the effect of thermal treatment on the properties of surfac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1052-z

27. Interfacial and fatigue-resistant synergetic enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy hierarchical composites via an electrophoresis deposited carbon nanotube-toughened transition layer

Author:
Xianhang Sui; Jie Shi; Hongwei Yao; Zhiwei Xu; Lei Chen; Xiaojie Li; Meijun Ma; Liyun Kuang; Hongjun Fu; Hui Deng
Source:
Composites 2017 v.92 pp. 134-144
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
atomic force microscopy; bending strength; carbon; carbon fibers; carbon nanotubes; composite materials; electrophoresis; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; epoxides; microstructure; modulus of rupture; oxidation; scanning electron microscopy; shear strength; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... To synergistically improve interfacial and fatigue-resistant performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, a transition layer reinforced by oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) was built. OCNTs were integrated onto carbon fibers using a continuous electrophoretic deposition method. Results of static and fatigue tests showed that compared with composites without OCNTs, the hierarchical compo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.11.004

28. Laser sintering and post-processing of a walnut shell/Co-PES composite

Author:
Yueqiang Yu; Yanling Guo; Ting Jiang; Kaiyi Jiang; Jian Li; Shuai Guo
Source:
RSC advances 2017 v.7 no.37 pp. 23176-23181
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
bending strength; carbon dioxide; energy; feedstocks; greenhouse gas emissions; impact strength; microstructure; prototypes; scanning electron microscopy; tensile strength; walnut hulls; walnuts
Abstract:
... In order to recycle agricultural and forestry waste and reduce the cost of materials, energy consumption and CO₂ emission of the laser sintering process, herein, a sustainable and low-cost walnut shell/Co-PES composite (WSPC) is developed as a feedstock for laser sintering technology. Laser sintering experiments are performed to study the formability of WSPC. Through single layer sintering, the op ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7ra00775b

29. Long/Short Chain Mixed Cellulose Esters: Effects of Long Acyl Chain Structures on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Author:
Tanaka Shukichi; Iwata Tadahisa; Iji Masatoshi
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2017 v.5 no.2 pp. 1485-1493
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
aromatic compounds; bending strength; cellulose; chemical interactions; crystallization; esters; glass transition temperature; hulls; lithium chloride; polymers; renewable resources; thermal properties; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... Long/short chain mixed cellulose esters (MCE) are practical, promising polymers with interesting properties. In the molecular design of MCE, using long acyl chains made from renewable resources is important and enhances the value of MCE as sustainable materials. In this study, we focused on two types of renewable long acyl chains for MCE: the aromatic 3-pentadecylphenoxy acetyl (PA) group derived ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02066

30. Manufacture and optimization of low-cost tubular ceramic supports for membrane filtration: application to algal solution concentration

Author:
Mansour Issaoui; Lionel Limousy; Bénédicte Lebeau; Jamel Bouaziz; Mohieddine Fourati
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2017 v.24 no.11 pp. 9914-9926
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
absorption; additives; algae; bending strength; ceramics; cleaning; extrusion; kaolin; manufacturing; mercury; microfiltration; permeability; porosity; porous media; sand; scanning electron microscopy; starch
Abstract:
... Low-cost tubular macroporous supports for ceramic membranes were elaborated using the extrusion method, followed by curing, debinding, and sintering processes, from a powder mixture containing kaolin, starch, and sand. The obtained substrates were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry, water absorption test, water permeability, scanning electron microscopy, and three-point bending test ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-016-8285-6

31. Mechanical property and quality aspects of rice dried in industrial dryers

Author:
M. S. H. Sarker; S. M. Kamrul Hasan; M. Nordin Ibrahim; N. Ab Aziz; Mohd. Salleh Punan
Source:
Journal of food science and technology 2017 v.54 no.12 pp. 4129-4134
ISSN:
0022-1155
Subject:
bending strength; dryers; drying; energy; grain yield; milling; modulus of elasticity; paddies; rice; seeds; temperature
Abstract:
... The influence of drying methods on selected mechanical properties and qualities of MR219 rice variety has been investigated. The results showed significant effects of drying methods on bending strength and head rice yields while the average bending strength of paddy were 28.6–31.8 MPa. The effect of drying methods on apparent modulus of elasticity of rice was not significant (204.5–222.4 MPa). The ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13197-017-2856-5
PubMed:
29085156
PubMed Central:
PMC5643811

32. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Li0.33La0.567TiO3

Author:
Karl G. Schell; Fabian Lemke; Ethel C. Bucharsky; A. Hintennach; M. J. Hoffmann
Source:
Journal of materials science 2017 v.52 no.4 pp. 2232-2240
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
Weibull statistics; bending strength; hardness; lanthanum; lithium; microstructure; modulus of elasticity; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... Mechanical properties of conventional sintered Li₀.₃₃La₀.₅₆₇TiO₃ (LLTO) are presented with focus on the correlation with the microstructural appearance. Variation in density, grain size, and second phase are achieved by changing the lithium to lanthanum ratio and sintering conditions. All samples show varying amounts of a second phase which is identified as TiO₂. These inert particles have no effe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-016-0516-1

33. Modelling mechanical properties of spruce and Douglas fir timber by means of X-ray and grain angle measurements for strength grading purpose

Author:
Joffrey Viguier; Damien Bourreau; Jean-François Bocquet; Guillaume Pot; Laurent Bléron; Jean-Denis Lanvin
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.4 pp. 527-541
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Picea; Pseudotsuga menziesii; X-radiation; bending strength; industry; models; modulus of elasticity
Abstract:
... This study proposes a model using data from a scanner (X-ray and grain angle measurements) to perform strength grading. The research also includes global measurements of modulus of elasticity (obtained by vibrations and ultrasound methods), static bending stiffness and bending strength of 805 boards of Douglas fir and 437 boards of spruce. This model can be used in an industrial context since it r ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1149-4

34. New method for determining the bending modulus of solid and hollow fibers from deflection tests

Author:
László M Vas; Sándor Kling; Tibor Czigány; Gergely Czél
Source:
Textile research journal v.87 no.5 pp. 542-551
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
bending strength; fabrics; glass fibers
Abstract:
... The bending moduli of solid and hollow glass fibers were determined by means of fiber deflection tests. The test method was modified by measuring both the vertical and horizontal displacements of the end of the deflected fiber, without increasing the number of tested fibers, in order to reduce the high scatter of conventional test results obtained by measuring only the vertical displacement. Upper ...
DOI:
10.1177/0040517516632476

35. New wood-based panel with imprinted 3D surface pattern and improved internal bonding

Author:
Petr Klímek; Rupert Wimmer; Martin Riegler
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.3 pp. 375-383
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
bending strength; experimental design; finite element analysis; industry; models; particleboards; stainless steel
Abstract:
... This research is on a new development towards three-dimensional surfaces for wood-based panels, i.e., particleboards (PB). By imprinting a self-designed stainless steel grid on both sides of PB the following research questions were investigated: (1) feasability of the 3D-pattern imprintment during hotpressing of resinated PB furnishes, (2) assessment of mechanical properties of imprinted PB, and ( ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1103-5

36. Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers: melamine uptake, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties

Author:
Richard Wascher; Christian Kühn; Georg Avramidis; Sascha Bicke; Holger Militz; Gisela Ohms; Wolfgang Viöl
Source:
Journal of wood science 2017 v.63 no.4 pp. 338-349
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
Fagus; air; bending strength; compression strength; dimensional stability; melamine; plywood; tensile strength
Abstract:
... This study investigates the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of plywood boards made of thermally modified and unmodified beech veneers that have undergone plasma pre-treatment before melamine resin impregnation. The water and melamine resin uptake and resulting weight percent gain of the veneers were investigated, whereby the air plasma pre-treated veneers showed improved liquid upt ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10086-017-1632-5

37. Predicting the bending properties of air dried and modified Populus tremula L. wood using combined air-coupled ultrasound and electrical impedance spectroscopy

Author:
M. Tiitta; L. Tomppo; V. Möttönen; J. Marttila; J. Antikainen; R. Lappalainen; H. Heräjärvi
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.5 pp. 701-709
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
dielectric spectroscopy; bending strength; physicochemical properties; air drying; water content; sawlogs; Populus tremula; prediction
Abstract:
... Air-coupled ultrasound and electrical impedance spectroscopy are non-destructive measurement methods, which can be used, for example for quality assessment of sawn timber. Both methods may be used in through-transmission and one-sided reflection mode to measure internal properties and detect defects in wood materials. The ultrasound method is based on mechanical waves and is mainly affected by the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1140-0

38. Prediction of the mechanical behavior of flax polypropylene composites based on multi-scale finite element analysis

Author:
Yucheng Zhong; Le Quan Ngoc Tran; Umeyr Kureemun; Heow Pueh Lee
Source:
Journal of materials science 2017 v.52 no.9 pp. 4957-4967
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
bending strength; carbon fibers; finite element analysis; flax; models; polypropylenes; prediction; tensile strength
Abstract:
... Natural fibers and their composites differ in several aspects with carbon fibers, including higher scatter in strength and different tensile responses. The tensile and bending properties of flax fiber composites were experimentally studied and numerically simulated. Composite panels were fabricated from unidirectional flax fiber tapes and polypropylene films via hot pressing technique. The variati ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-016-0733-7

39. Preliminary study on properties evaluation of cement added gypsum board reinforced with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) bast fibres

Author:
Zakiah Ahmad; Wei Chen Lum; Seng Hua Lee; Rinaida Rameli
Source:
Journal 2017 v.14 no.1 pp. 46-48
ISSN:
0972-172X
Subject:
Hibiscus cannabinus; bending strength; cement; compression strength; dimensional stability; gypsum; kenaf; mixing; water uptake
Abstract:
... Gypsum boards had poor dimensional stability and mechanical properties compared to cement boards. To improve its properties, gypsum–cement boards reinforced with kenaf fibre bast using different gypsum/cement mixing ratios was fabricated in the current study. The results revealed that addition of cement generally improved the bending strength and compressive strength of the gypsum boards. Dimensio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13196-017-0186-x

40. Preparation of highly stable porous SiC membrane supports with enhanced air purification performance by recycling NaA zeolite residue

Author:
Yi Yang; Wenqi Xu; Feng Zhang; Ze-Xian Low; Zhaoxiang Zhong; Weihong Xing
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2017 v.541 pp. 500-509
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
air; artificial membranes; bending strength; corrosion; organic compounds; permeability; porosity; raw materials; recycling; silicon carbide; temperature; zeolites
Abstract:
... NaA zeolite membrane which exhibits remarkable selectivity for dehydration of organic compounds has been widely applied in industrial scale. Typical preparation of NaA zeolite membrane involves the hydrothermal synthesis of the NaA zeolite and the formation of a zeolite membrane layer on a substrate. However, the preparation of NaA membrane generates large quantity of zeolite residues in the synth ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.040

41. Properties and microstructure of nickel-coated graphite flakes/copper composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Author:
Jianhao Chen; Shubin Ren; Xinbo He; Xuanhui Qu
Source:
Carbon 2017 v.121 pp. 25-34
ISSN:
0008-6223
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; bending strength; copper; graphene; heat; microstructure; models; nickel; packaging materials; scanning electron microscopy; shrinkage; thermal expansion
Abstract:
... Copper (Cu) matrix composites reinforced with graphite flakes (GFs) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering, and electroless nickel plating was introduced to improve the interfacial bonding between GFs and Cu matrix. The microstructures and morphology of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and three-point bending test was performed to obtain t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbon.2017.05.082

42. Properties of Veneered Flat Pressed Wood Plastic Composites by One-Step Process Pressing

Author:
Pavlo Bekhta; Pavlo Lyutyy; Galyna Ortynska
Source:
Journal of polymers and the environment 2017 v.25 no.4 pp. 1288-1295
ISSN:
1566-2543
Subject:
Betula; additives; adhesion; adhesives; bending strength; food packaging; formaldehyde; manufacturing; paints; phenol; polyethylene; polyethylene film; pressing; value-added products; veneering; wood; wood plastic composites; wood veneer
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to develop, manufacture and determine properties of veneer overlaid flat pressed wood plastic composite (WPC) panels from recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE), wood particles and different kinds of veneer (rotary-cut birch veneer and sliced oak veneer) using various adhesives by one-step hot pressing. Food packaging polyethylene film (PE film) as recycled stretch wra ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10924-016-0904-2

43. Proposal of visual strength grading rules for Uruguayan pine timber

Author:
Laura Moya; Leandro Domenech; Andrea Cardoso; Hugo O´Neill; Vanesa Baño
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.6 pp. 1017-1019
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Pinus elliottii; Pinus taeda; bending strength; databases; modulus of elasticity
Abstract:
... A previous database with bending and density data of 261 structural size specimens of currently produced Uruguayan slash pine and loblolly pine timber was adjusted to meet testing and characterization requirements of European standards. Visual parameters and mechanical properties for each specimen were evaluated and their relationship was statistically analyzed. Results suggested that all specimen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-017-1208-5

44. Radial and between-family variations of the microfibril angle and the relationships with bending properties in Picea jezoensis families

Author:
Jun Tanabe; Futoshi Ishiguri; Akira Tamura; Jyunichi Ohshima; Kazuya Iizuka; Shinso Yokota
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2017 v.32 no.1 pp. 39-44
ISSN:
1651-1891
Subject:
Picea jezoensis; bark; bending strength; juvenile wood; juveniles; latewood; modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture; open pollination; pith; tracheids; tree breeding; trees; wood; wood density; wood quality
Abstract:
... With emphasis on tree breeding for wood quality in Picea jezoensis , we aimed to evaluate radial and between-family variations in the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S ₂ layer in the latewood tracheids in 10 open-pollinated families of 43-year-old P. jezoensis trees. In addition, the relationships between MFA/wood density with the modulus of elasticity (MOE) or modulus of rupture (MOR) were investi ...
DOI:
10.1080/02827581.2016.1186217

45. Recycling and remanufacturing of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites

Author:
Xiaoyong Tian; Tengfei Liu; Qingrui Wang; Abliz Dilmurat; Dichen Li; Gerhard Ziegmann
Source:
Journal of cleaner production 2017 v.142 pp. 1609-1618
ISSN:
0959-6526
Subject:
bending strength; carbon fibers; energy; environmental impact; industrial applications; raw materials; recycling; thermoplastics
Abstract:
... A cleaner production pattern for high-performance continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) has been proposed on the base of recycling and remanufacturing of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) PLA composites. Continuous carbon fiber and PLA matrix was recycled in the form of PLA impregnated carbon fiber filament from 3D printed composite components and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.139

46. Shrinkage and Static Bending Properties of Juniperus scopulorum from the Rocky Mountains

Author:
D. R. Vaughan; K. H. Mackes
Source:
Forest products journal 2017 v.67 no.1-2 pp. 39-43
ISSN:
0015-7473
Subject:
Juniperus scopulorum; altitude; bending strength; bioenergy; feedstocks; modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture; shrinkage; specific gravity; trees; wood; Rocky Mountain region
Abstract:
... Juniperus scopulorum is a common tree in the lower elevations of the Rocky Mountains, and is often removed in restoration treatments. This work reports on selected mechanical and physical properties of J. scopulorum. Ten trees were felled and processed, and a static bending machine was used to test 162 specimens. Additionally, 82 ovendried specimens were assessed for shrinkage and density. Results ...
DOI:
10.13073/FPJ-D-15-00058

47. Simulative analysis of the bending property of woven fabric by the comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns

Author:
Fengxin Sun; Chaoyu Chen; Sai Liu; Huanhuan Jin; Linge He; Zhaoqun Du; Weidong Yu
Source:
Textile research journal v.87 no.16 pp. 1977-1990
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
bending strength; computer software; finite element analysis; friction; models; textile fibers; woven fabrics; yarns
Abstract:
... The comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns can be used to measure the bending property of fabrics and yarns based on three-point bending, in principle. In order to gain a better understanding of the bending mechanism of woven fabrics under three-point bending and to better interpret the influencing factors in the bending process, weaving-structure models of woven fabrics were ...
DOI:
10.1177/0040517516660894

48. Some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber reinforced with carbon fiber using heat-treated beech veneer

Author:
Osman Percin; Mustafa Altunok
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.2 pp. 193-201
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis; bending strength; carbon fibers; compression strength; dimensional stability; durability; equilibrium moisture content; heat treatment; laminated veneer lumber; manufacturing; modulus of elasticity; temperature; wood
Abstract:
... ABTRACT: Heat treatment at relatively high temperatures (from 150 to 260 °C) is an effective way to improve dimensional stability and bio durability. However, heat treatments usually reduce most of the mechanical properties of wood. This study was performed to investigate the effect of carbon fiber fabric on some mechanical and physical properties of LVL manufactured from heat-treated and untreate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1125-z

49. Strength grading on the basis of high resolution laser scanning and dynamic excitation: a full scale investigation of performance

Author:
Anders Olsson; Jan Oscarsson
Source:
European journal of wood and wood products 2017 v.75 no.1 pp. 17-31
ISSN:
0018-3768
Subject:
Picea abies; X-radiation; bending strength; equipment; markets; methodology; modulus of elasticity; sawmills; tracheids; Finland; Norway; Sweden
Abstract:
... Effective utilization of structural timber requires grading and indicating properties (IPs) that are able to predict strength with high accuracy and machines that are able to measure the underlying board properties at a speed that corresponds to the production speed of sawmills. The aim of this research is to assess the performance of a new machine strength grading method/procedure which was recen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00107-016-1102-6

50. Testing Mechanical Characteristics of Chestnut Stakes Used in Bed Sills for Stream Restoration

Author:
Salvatore Benfratello; Costanza Di Stefano; Vito Ferro; Luigi Palizzolo
Source:
Journal of agricultural engineering 2017 v.48 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2239-6268
Subject:
Castanea; bending strength; compression strength; durability; streams; trees; vegetation; wood
Abstract:
... Using of wood elements for constructing bed sills in Mediterranean streams, where the banks are not protected by tree vegetation, needs an evaluation of biological and mechanical characteristics for evaluating both the wood durability and the effectiveness of the stream restoration project.Very few studies have dealt both with the decay of mechanical characteristics of wood elements employed for s ...
DOI:
10.4081/jae.2017.655