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You searched for: Publication Year 2016 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2016 Subject Phoca vitulina Remove constraint Subject: Phoca vitulina Subject term Phoca vitulina Remove constraint Subject term: Phoca vitulina
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1. ANTIDOG IgG SECONDARY ANTIBODY SUCCESSFULLY DETECTS IgG IN A VARIETY OF AQUATIC MAMMALS

Author:
Katherine Roehl; Mark Jankowski; Erik Hofmeister
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2016 v.47 no.4 pp. 970-976
ISSN:
1937-2825
Subject:
Aonyx; Enhydra lutris; Halichoerus grypus; Mirounga angustirostris; Odobenus rosmarus; Phoca vitulina; Ursus maritimus; Zalophus californianus; antibodies; antibody detection; brucellosis; dogs; emerging diseases; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent antibody technique; immunoglobulin G; influenza; leptospirosis; seals; wildlife; wildlife diseases
Abstract:
... Serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. However, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. In recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. Howev ...
DOI:
10.1638/2015-0179.1

2. Absence of selenium protection against methylmercury toxicity in harbour seal leucocytes in vitro

Author:
Krishna Das; Aurélie Dupont; Marie- Claire De Pauw-Gillet; Cathy Debier; Ursula Siebert
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2016 v.108 no.1-2 pp. 70-76
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
DNA; Phoca vitulina; T-lymphocytes; adverse effects; cell proliferation; in vitro studies; lymphocyte proliferation; membrane potential; mercury; methylmercury compounds; mitochondrial membrane; protective effect; selenium; selenomethionine; sodium selenite; toxicity; water pollution; North Sea
Abstract:
... Previous studies described high concentrations of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in the blood of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina from the North Sea. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro potential protective effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and selenomethionine (SeMet) on cell proliferation of harbour seal lymphocytes exposed to MeHgCl 0.75μM. In vitro exposure of ConA-stimulated T lym ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.060

3. Aerial low-frequency hearing in captive and free-ranging harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) measured using auditory brainstem responses

Author:
Klaus Lucke; Gordon D. Hastie; Kerstin Ternes; Bernie McConnell; Simon Moss; Deborah J. F. Russell; Heike Weber; Vincent M. Janik
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2016 v.202 no.12 pp. 859-868
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; acoustics; brain stem; hearing; hearing disorders; seals
Abstract:
... The hearing sensitivity of 18 free-ranging and 10 captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to aerial sounds was measured in the presence of typical environmental noise through auditory brainstem response measurements. A focus was put on the comparative hearing sensitivity at low frequencies. Low- and mid-frequency thresholds appeared to be elevated in both captive and free-ranging seals, but this is ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-016-1126-8
PubMed:
27796483
PubMed Central:
PMC5099358

4. Attempted Predation of a Harbor Seal Pup (Phoca vitulina) by an American Mink (Neovison vison) in the Salish Sea

Author:
Clarke Lauren Z; Plourde Isabel A; Gaydos Joseph K; Olson Jennifer K
Source:
Northwestern naturalist 2016 v.97 no.3 pp. 260-262
ISSN:
1051-1733
Subject:
Neovison vison; Phoca vitulina; carrying capacity; mink; necropsy; predation; pups; seals; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... A single incident of attempted predation of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) pup by an American Mink (Neovision vision) was observed on Blakely Island, Washington in 2015. San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network members responded, investigated the event, and performed a necropsy on the seal. Predation is the most parsimonious explanation for the attack due to the American Mink's opportunisti ...
DOI:
10.1898/NWN15-32.1

5. Avoidance of wind farms by harbour seals is limited to pile driving activities

Author:
Debbie J.F. Russell; Gordon D. Hastie; David Thompson; Vincent M. Janik; Philip S. Hammond; Lindesay A.S. Scott‐Hayward; Jason Matthiopoulos; Esther L. Jones; Bernie J. McConnell
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2016 v.53 no.6 pp. 1642-1652
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
wind farms; avoidance behavior; energy; renewable energy sources; uncertainty; marine environment; data collection; confidence interval; Phoca vitulina; telemetry; environmental assessment; habitats; seals; wildlife; England
Abstract:
... As part of global efforts to reduce dependence on carbon‐based energy sources there has been a rapid increase in the installation of renewable energy devices. The installation and operation of these devices can result in conflicts with wildlife. In the marine environment, mammals may avoid wind farms that are under construction or operating. Such avoidance may lead to more time spent travelling or ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.12678
PubMed:
27867217
PubMed Central:
PMC5111737

6. Conjoined Fetal Twins in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)

Author:
Olson Jennifer K.; Gaydos Joseph K.; McKlveen Tori; Poppenga Robert; Wicinas Kay; Anderson Elizabeth; Raverty Stephen
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.1 pp. 173-176
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; abdomen; fetus; twins
Abstract:
... In July 2013, a stranded harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) died giving birth to conjoined fetuses. The twins were joined at the abdomen and thoracolumbar spine with the vertebral axis at 180°. The cause of this unique anomaly—a first for this species—was not identified. ...
DOI:
10.7589/2015-02-045

7. Cryptococcus gattii Type VGIIa Infection in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in British Columbia, Canada

Author:
Rosenberg Justin F.; Haulena Martin; Hoang Linda M. N.; Morshed Muhammad; Zabek Erin; Raverty Stephen A.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.3 pp. 677-681
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
Cetacea; Cryptococcus gattii; Phoca vitulina; adults; antigens; blood serum; body condition; breathing; bronchopneumonia; cryptococcosis; death; fungemia; histopathology; hosts; lymph nodes; lymphatic diseases; marine mammals; meningoencephalitis; microbial culture; necropsy; pathogens; pups; yeasts; British Columbia
Abstract:
... Cryptococcosis has been reported in marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific with increasing frequency in the last 15 yr. Although a variety of cetaceans have been diagnosed with cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus gattii has not been reported in pinnipeds. We document C. gattii VGIIa in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pup and in an unrelated adult. Both animals were presented to Vancouver Aquarium's Ma ...
DOI:
10.7589/2015-11-299

8. Detection and characterization of diverse coccidian protozoa shed by California sea lions

Author:
Yvette A. Girard; Christine K. Johnson; Heather M. Fritz; Karen Shapiro; Andrea E. Packham; Ann C. Melli; Daphne Carlson-Bremer; Frances M. Gulland; Daniel Rejmanek; Patricia A. Conrad
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2016 v.5 no.1 pp. 5-16
ISSN:
2213-2244
Subject:
Arctocephalus townsendi; Cercopithecus aethiops; Enhydra lutris nereis; Phoca vitulina; Protozoa; Sarcocystis neurona; Zalophus californianus; bioassays; cell culture; coasts; definitive hosts; encephalitis; etiology; feces; habitats; inoculum; kidney cells; marine environment; marine mammals; mice; microscopy; monitoring; oocysts; parasites; pathogenesis; phenotype; protozoal infections; wildlife; yearlings; California; Oregon
Abstract:
... Tissue-cyst forming coccidia in the family Sarcocystidae are etiologic agents of protozoal encephalitis in marine mammals including the federally listed Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris). California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), whose coastal habitat overlaps with sea otters, are definitive hosts for coccidian protozoa provisionally named Coccidia A, B and C. While Coccidia A and B have un ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.003
PubMed:
27141438
PubMed Central:
PMC4840268

9. Dynamic habitat corridors for marine predators; intensive use of a coastal channel by harbour seals is modulated by tidal currents

Author:
Gordon D. Hastie; Deborah J.F. Russell; Steven Benjamins; Simon Moss; Ben Wilson; Dave Thompson
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2016 v.70 no.12 pp. 2161-2174
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; foraging; global positioning systems; habitats; marine environment; predators; seals; telemetry; tides
Abstract:
... Previous studies have found that predators utilise habitat corridors to ambush prey moving through them. In the marine environment, coastal channels effectively act as habitat corridors for prey movements, and sightings of predators in such areas suggest that they may target these for foraging. Unlike terrestrial systems where the underlying habitat structure is generally static, corridors in mari ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-016-2219-7
PubMed:
27881896
PubMed Central:
PMC5102963

10. Effects of Methylmercury on Harbour Seal Peripheral Blood Leucocytes In Vitro Studied by Electron Microscopy

Author:
Aurélie Dupont; Marie-Claire De Pauw-Gillet; Joseph Schnitzler; Ursula Siebert; Krishna Das
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 133-142
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; apoptosis; chromatin; concanavalin A; health status; immunotoxicity; lymphocytes; methylmercury compounds; mitochondrial membrane; nuclear membrane; propidium; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure; viability; North Sea
Abstract:
... Methylmercury (MeHg) is highly immunotoxic and can alter the health status of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, from the North Sea. To investigate the mechanism of MeHg-induced toxicity in harbour seal lymphocytes, Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated peripheral blood leucocytes were exposed in vitro to sublethal concentrations of MeHgCl (0.2, 1, and 2 µM) for 72 h and then analysed for their viabilit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-015-0207-y

11. Effects of seal predation on a modelled marine fish community and consequences for a commercial fishery

Author:
Jennifer E. Houle; Francisco Castro; Michelle A. Cronin; Keith D. Farnsworth; Martha Gosch; David G. Reid; Andre Punt
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2016 v.53 no.1 pp. 54-63
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Halichoerus grypus; Phoca vitulina; biomass; fish communities; fisheries; food choices; marine fish; models; population size; predation; seals; spawning; surveys
Abstract:
... We constructed a size‐ and trait‐based dynamic marine community model of the Celtic Sea/Biologically Sensitive Area, including grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius 1791) and harbour seals Phoca vitulina vitulina (Linnaeus 1758) to examine potential resource conflict between seals and commercial trawl fisheries. The model incorporates seal diet preference, population size and commercial fishery ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.12548

12. Essential and Toxic Elements in Blood Samples of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) from the Islands Helgoland (North Sea) and Anholt (Baltic Sea): A Comparison Study with Urbanized Areas

Author:
Antje Kakuschke; Simone Griesel
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 67-74
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; aluminum; arsenic; blood; calcium; chromium; copper; dredging; emissions; estuaries; food webs; indicator species; iron; islands; lead; manganese; mass spectrometry; molybdenum; nickel; nutrients; pollutants; potassium; predators; rubidium; seals; selenium; sewage; shipping; strontium; sulfur; toxic substances; traffic; urban areas; zinc; Baltic Sea; North Sea
Abstract:
... The harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Helgoland (North Sea) and Anholt (Kattegat, Baltic Sea) are top predators within the marine food web and an indicator species of the environmental contamination. Furthermore, they are a main tourist attraction. Despite these important roles, little is known about the health and pollutant contamination of these seals. The objective of this study was therefore ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-015-0205-0

13. Evaluating Hair as a Predictor of Blood Mercury: The Influence of Ontogenetic Phase and Life History in Pinnipeds

Author:
Sarah H. Peterson; Elizabeth A. McHuron; Stephanie N. Kennedy; Joshua T. Ackerman; Lorrie D. Rea; J. Margaret Castellini; Todd M. O’Hara; Daniel P. Costa
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 28-45
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Mirounga angustirostris; Phoca vitulina; Zalophus californianus; adults; age structure; blood; ecotoxicology; females; foraging; life history; marine mammals; mercury; ontogeny; pups; tissues; weaning
Abstract:
... Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring of pinnipeds increasingly utilizes nonlethally collected tissues such as hair and blood. The relationship between total Hg concentrations ([THg]) in these tissues is not well understood for marine mammals, but it can be important for interpretation of tissue concentrations with respect to ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. We examined [THg] in blood and hair in multiple ag ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3

14. Harbour seals target juvenile salmon of conservation concern

Author:
Austen C. Thomas; Benjamin W. Nelson; Monique M. Lance; Bruce E. Deagle; Andrew W. Trites
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2016 v.74 no.6 pp. 907-921
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
DNA barcoding; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; Oncorhynchus keta; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Oncorhynchus nerka; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Phoca vitulina; adults; autumn; diet; feces; juveniles; predation; predators; salmon; seals; spring; British Columbia
Abstract:
... Knowing the species and life stages of prey that predators consume is important for understanding the impacts that predation may have on prey populations, but traditional methods for determining diets often cannot provide sufficient detail. We combined data from two methods of scat analysis (DNA metabarcoding and morphological prey ID) to quantify the species and life stages of salmon (Oncorhynchu ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2015-0558

15. Heartworm (Acanthocheilonema spirocauda) and seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the North and Baltic Seas

Author:
Kristina Lehnert; Eva Schwanke; Kerstin Hahn; Peter Wohlsein; Ursula Siebert
Source:
Journal of sea research 2016 v.113 pp. 65-72
ISSN:
1385-1101
Subject:
Acanthocheilonema; Phoca vitulina; adults; autumn; blood; blood sampling; coasts; epidemiology; genes; heartworms; immunology; lice; microfilariae; monitoring; neonates; seals; spring; surveys; yearlings; Baltic Sea
Abstract:
... The seal louse (Echinophthirius [E.] horridus) and the heartworm (Acanthocheilonema [A.] spirocauda) are parasites of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). Little is known about the role of the seal louse as a potential vector and its role for the development and transmission of heartworm larvae to their final host, the harbour seal. The life-cycle of the heartworm is still not fully understood. For the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.seares.2015.06.014

16. Herpesviruses including novel gammaherpesviruses are widespread among phocid seal species in canada

Author:
Bellehumeur Christian; Nielsen Ole; Measures Lena; Harwood Lois; Goldstein Tracey; Boyle Brian; Gagnon Carl A.
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.1 pp. 70-81
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
islands; Pusa hispida; genes; Gammaherpesvirinae; antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; viruses; Phocid alphaherpesvirus 1; body condition; estuaries; sequence analysis; antigens; cell culture; Phoca vitulina; Cystophora cristata; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; seals; Monachus schauinslandi; Halichoerus grypus; Northwest Territories; Quebec
Abstract:
... Little is known about herpesviruses in Canadian pinnipeds. We measured prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses in the sera from Canadian phocid seals by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Wild harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and captive harbor seals were positive for antibodies to Phocid herpesvirus 1 (PhoHV-1) at prevalences of 91% and 100%, respectively. Sera from wild hooded seals ( ...
DOI:
10.7589/2015-01-020

17. In Vitro Exposure of Harbor Seal Immune Cells to Aroclor 1260 Alters Phocine Distemper Virus Replication

Author:
Andrea Bogomolni; Salvatore Frasca Jr; Milton Levin; Keith Matassa; Ole Nielsen; Gordon Waring; Sylvain De Guise
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 121-132
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
quantitative polymerase chain reaction; at-risk population; T-lymphocytes; monocytes; seals; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; polychlorinated biphenyls; Phoca vitulina; Phocine morbillivirus; viruses; viral load; virus replication; death; lymphocyte proliferation; mortality
Abstract:
... In the last 30 years, several large-scale marine mammal mortality events have occurred, often in close association with highly polluted regions, leading to suspicions that contaminant-induced immunosuppression contributed to these epizootics. Some of these recent events also identified morbillivirus as a cause of or contributor to death. The role of contaminant exposures regarding morbillivirus mo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-015-0178-z

18. Infectious disease and toxicological monitoring of stranded pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi) in cook inlet as surrogates for monitoring endangered belugas (delphinapterus leucas)

Author:
Bauer Kendra L.; Goertz Caroline E. C.; Belovarac Jane A.; Walton Robert W.; Dunn J. Lawrence; Tuomi Pamela
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2016 v.47 no.3 pp. 770-780
ISSN:
1042-7260
Subject:
Delphinapterus leucas; burden of disease; philopatry; Brucella; Canine morbillivirus; Leptospira interrogans; serology; flora; toxicology; screening; pathogens; dolphins; monitoring; Neospora caninum; Phoca vitulina; Toxoplasma gondii; seals; Phocine morbillivirus; avian influenza; habitats; Sarcocystis neurona; bacteria; Alaska
Abstract:
... Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) eat many of the same prey species, occupy the same geographic area, and demonstrate site fidelity in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Although most direct research involving the critically endangered belugas is currently prohibited, studying harbor seals may provide important information about this beluga population. In recent ...
DOI:
10.1638/2015-0147.1

19. Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterisation of marine mammal MSP

Author:
Sophia Arlena Ulrich; Kristina Lehnert; Ana Rubio-Garcia; Guillermo J. Sanchez-Contreras; Christina Strube; Ursula Siebert
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2016 v.5 no.1 pp. 48-55
ISSN:
2213-2244
Subject:
Dictyocaulus viviparus; Phoca vitulina; antibodies; antigens; bacterial infections; blood serum; body weight; bronchopneumonia; cattle; death; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; females; hosts; lungworms; males; phylogeny; seals; seroprevalence; spermatozoa
Abstract:
... Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are frequently infected with the lungworms Otostrongylus circumlitus and Parafilaroides gymnurus. The infection is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can cause severe bronchopneumonia and even death in affected animals. Hitherto, the detection of lungworm infections was based on post mortem investigations from animals collected within stranding n ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.02.001
PubMed:
26977405
PubMed Central:
PMC4781971

20. Mercury Accumulation in Harbour Seals from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean: The Role of Transplacental Transfer, Lactation, Age and Location

Author:
Marie Noël; Steven Jeffries; Dyanna M. Lambourn; Kevin Telmer; Robie Macdonald; Peter S. Ross
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 56-66
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
Phoca vitulina; adults; bioaccumulation; emissions; food chain; gestation period; juveniles; lactation; mass spectrometry; mercury; methylmercury compounds; neonates; neurotoxicity; pups; seals; wildlife; British Columbia; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Rim; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulates in the aquatic food chain in the form of methylmercury, a compound well known for its neurotoxicity. We analyzed total mercury (THg) in hair collected from 209 harbour seals captured at 10 sites in British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) between 2003 and 2010. In addition, laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) allowed for a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00244-015-0193-0