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- Author:
- Katherine Roehl; Mark Jankowski; Erik Hofmeister
- Source:
- Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2016 v.47 no.4 pp. 970-976
- ISSN:
- 1937-2825
- Subject:
- Aonyx; Enhydra lutris; Halichoerus grypus; Mirounga angustirostris; Odobenus rosmarus; Phoca vitulina; Ursus maritimus; Zalophus californianus; antibodies; antibody detection; brucellosis; dogs; emerging diseases; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent antibody technique; immunoglobulin G; influenza; leptospirosis; seals; wildlife; wildlife diseases
- Abstract:
- ... Serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. However, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. In recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. Howev ...
- DOI:
- 10.1638/2015-0179.1
- https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0179.1
2. Absence of selenium protection against methylmercury toxicity in harbour seal leucocytes in vitro
- Author:
- Krishna Das; Aurélie Dupont; Marie- Claire De Pauw-Gillet; Cathy Debier; Ursula Siebert
- Source:
- Marine pollution bulletin 2016 v.108 no.1-2 pp. 70-76
- ISSN:
- 0025-326X
- Subject:
- DNA; Phoca vitulina; T-lymphocytes; adverse effects; cell proliferation; in vitro studies; lymphocyte proliferation; membrane potential; mercury; methylmercury compounds; mitochondrial membrane; protective effect; selenium; selenomethionine; sodium selenite; toxicity; water pollution; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Previous studies described high concentrations of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) in the blood of harbour seals, Phoca vitulina from the North Sea. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro potential protective effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and selenomethionine (SeMet) on cell proliferation of harbour seal lymphocytes exposed to MeHgCl 0.75μM. In vitro exposure of ConA-stimulated T lym ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.060
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.060
- Author:
- Klaus Lucke; Gordon D. Hastie; Kerstin Ternes; Bernie McConnell; Simon Moss; Deborah J. F. Russell; Heike Weber; Vincent M. Janik
- Source:
- Journal of comparative physiology 2016 v.202 no.12 pp. 859-868
- ISSN:
- 0340-7594
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; acoustics; brain stem; hearing; hearing disorders; seals
- Abstract:
- ... The hearing sensitivity of 18 free-ranging and 10 captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to aerial sounds was measured in the presence of typical environmental noise through auditory brainstem response measurements. A focus was put on the comparative hearing sensitivity at low frequencies. Low- and mid-frequency thresholds appeared to be elevated in both captive and free-ranging seals, but this is ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00359-016-1126-8
- PubMed:
- 27796483
- PubMed Central:
- PMC5099358
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-016-1126-8
- Author:
- Clarke Lauren Z; Plourde Isabel A; Gaydos Joseph K; Olson Jennifer K
- Source:
- Northwestern naturalist 2016 v.97 no.3 pp. 260-262
- ISSN:
- 1051-1733
- Subject:
- Neovison vison; Phoca vitulina; carrying capacity; mink; necropsy; predation; pups; seals; Washington (state)
- Abstract:
- ... A single incident of attempted predation of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) pup by an American Mink (Neovision vision) was observed on Blakely Island, Washington in 2015. San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network members responded, investigated the event, and performed a necropsy on the seal. Predation is the most parsimonious explanation for the attack due to the American Mink's opportunisti ...
- DOI:
- 10.1898/NWN15-32.1
- https://doi.org/10.1898/NWN15-32.1
- Author:
- Debbie J.F. Russell; Gordon D. Hastie; David Thompson; Vincent M. Janik; Philip S. Hammond; Lindesay A.S. Scott‐Hayward; Jason Matthiopoulos; Esther L. Jones; Bernie J. McConnell
- Source:
- Journal of applied ecology 2016 v.53 no.6 pp. 1642-1652
- ISSN:
- 0021-8901
- Subject:
- wind farms; avoidance behavior; energy; renewable energy sources; uncertainty; marine environment; data collection; confidence interval; Phoca vitulina; telemetry; environmental assessment; habitats; seals; wildlife; England
- Abstract:
- ... As part of global efforts to reduce dependence on carbon‐based energy sources there has been a rapid increase in the installation of renewable energy devices. The installation and operation of these devices can result in conflicts with wildlife. In the marine environment, mammals may avoid wind farms that are under construction or operating. Such avoidance may lead to more time spent travelling or ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.12678
- PubMed:
- 27867217
- PubMed Central:
- PMC5111737
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12678
- Author:
- Olson Jennifer K.; Gaydos Joseph K.; McKlveen Tori; Poppenga Robert; Wicinas Kay; Anderson Elizabeth; Raverty Stephen
- Source:
- Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.1 pp. 173-176
- ISSN:
- 0090-3558
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; abdomen; fetus; twins
- Abstract:
- ... In July 2013, a stranded harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) died giving birth to conjoined fetuses. The twins were joined at the abdomen and thoracolumbar spine with the vertebral axis at 180°. The cause of this unique anomaly—a first for this species—was not identified. ...
- DOI:
- 10.7589/2015-02-045
- https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-02-045
- Author:
- Rosenberg Justin F.; Haulena Martin; Hoang Linda M. N.; Morshed Muhammad; Zabek Erin; Raverty Stephen A.
- Source:
- Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.3 pp. 677-681
- ISSN:
- 0090-3558
- Subject:
- Cetacea; Cryptococcus gattii; Phoca vitulina; adults; antigens; blood serum; body condition; breathing; bronchopneumonia; cryptococcosis; death; fungemia; histopathology; hosts; lymph nodes; lymphatic diseases; marine mammals; meningoencephalitis; microbial culture; necropsy; pathogens; pups; yeasts; British Columbia
- Abstract:
- ... Cryptococcosis has been reported in marine mammals in the northeastern Pacific with increasing frequency in the last 15 yr. Although a variety of cetaceans have been diagnosed with cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus gattii has not been reported in pinnipeds. We document C. gattii VGIIa in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pup and in an unrelated adult. Both animals were presented to Vancouver Aquarium's Ma ...
- DOI:
- 10.7589/2015-11-299
- https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-11-299
- Author:
- Yvette A. Girard; Christine K. Johnson; Heather M. Fritz; Karen Shapiro; Andrea E. Packham; Ann C. Melli; Daphne Carlson-Bremer; Frances M. Gulland; Daniel Rejmanek; Patricia A. Conrad
- Source:
- International journal for parasitology 2016 v.5 no.1 pp. 5-16
- ISSN:
- 2213-2244
- Subject:
- Arctocephalus townsendi; Cercopithecus aethiops; Enhydra lutris nereis; Phoca vitulina; Protozoa; Sarcocystis neurona; Zalophus californianus; bioassays; cell culture; coasts; definitive hosts; encephalitis; etiology; feces; habitats; inoculum; kidney cells; marine environment; marine mammals; mice; microscopy; monitoring; oocysts; parasites; pathogenesis; phenotype; protozoal infections; wildlife; yearlings; California; Oregon
- Abstract:
- ... Tissue-cyst forming coccidia in the family Sarcocystidae are etiologic agents of protozoal encephalitis in marine mammals including the federally listed Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris). California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), whose coastal habitat overlaps with sea otters, are definitive hosts for coccidian protozoa provisionally named Coccidia A, B and C. While Coccidia A and B have un ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.003
- PubMed:
- 27141438
- PubMed Central:
- PMC4840268
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.003
- Author:
- Gordon D. Hastie; Deborah J.F. Russell; Steven Benjamins; Simon Moss; Ben Wilson; Dave Thompson
- Source:
- Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2016 v.70 no.12 pp. 2161-2174
- ISSN:
- 0340-5443
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; foraging; global positioning systems; habitats; marine environment; predators; seals; telemetry; tides
- Abstract:
- ... Previous studies have found that predators utilise habitat corridors to ambush prey moving through them. In the marine environment, coastal channels effectively act as habitat corridors for prey movements, and sightings of predators in such areas suggest that they may target these for foraging. Unlike terrestrial systems where the underlying habitat structure is generally static, corridors in mari ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00265-016-2219-7
- PubMed:
- 27881896
- PubMed Central:
- PMC5102963
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2219-7
- Author:
- Aurélie Dupont; Marie-Claire De Pauw-Gillet; Joseph Schnitzler; Ursula Siebert; Krishna Das
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 133-142
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; apoptosis; chromatin; concanavalin A; health status; immunotoxicity; lymphocytes; methylmercury compounds; mitochondrial membrane; nuclear membrane; propidium; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure; viability; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Methylmercury (MeHg) is highly immunotoxic and can alter the health status of the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, from the North Sea. To investigate the mechanism of MeHg-induced toxicity in harbour seal lymphocytes, Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated peripheral blood leucocytes were exposed in vitro to sublethal concentrations of MeHgCl (0.2, 1, and 2 µM) for 72 h and then analysed for their viabilit ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0207-y
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0207-y
- Author:
- Jennifer E. Houle; Francisco Castro; Michelle A. Cronin; Keith D. Farnsworth; Martha Gosch; David G. Reid; Andre Punt
- Source:
- Journal of applied ecology 2016 v.53 no.1 pp. 54-63
- ISSN:
- 0021-8901
- Subject:
- Halichoerus grypus; Phoca vitulina; biomass; fish communities; fisheries; food choices; marine fish; models; population size; predation; seals; spawning; surveys
- Abstract:
- ... We constructed a size‐ and trait‐based dynamic marine community model of the Celtic Sea/Biologically Sensitive Area, including grey seals Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius 1791) and harbour seals Phoca vitulina vitulina (Linnaeus 1758) to examine potential resource conflict between seals and commercial trawl fisheries. The model incorporates seal diet preference, population size and commercial fishery ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.12548
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12548
- Author:
- Antje Kakuschke; Simone Griesel
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 67-74
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; aluminum; arsenic; blood; calcium; chromium; copper; dredging; emissions; estuaries; food webs; indicator species; iron; islands; lead; manganese; mass spectrometry; molybdenum; nickel; nutrients; pollutants; potassium; predators; rubidium; seals; selenium; sewage; shipping; strontium; sulfur; toxic substances; traffic; urban areas; zinc; Baltic Sea; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... The harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Helgoland (North Sea) and Anholt (Kattegat, Baltic Sea) are top predators within the marine food web and an indicator species of the environmental contamination. Furthermore, they are a main tourist attraction. Despite these important roles, little is known about the health and pollutant contamination of these seals. The objective of this study was therefore ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0205-0
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0205-0
- Author:
- Sarah H. Peterson; Elizabeth A. McHuron; Stephanie N. Kennedy; Joshua T. Ackerman; Lorrie D. Rea; J. Margaret Castellini; Todd M. O’Hara; Daniel P. Costa
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 28-45
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- Eumetopias jubatus; Mirounga angustirostris; Phoca vitulina; Zalophus californianus; adults; age structure; blood; ecotoxicology; females; foraging; life history; marine mammals; mercury; ontogeny; pups; tissues; weaning
- Abstract:
- ... Mercury (Hg) biomonitoring of pinnipeds increasingly utilizes nonlethally collected tissues such as hair and blood. The relationship between total Hg concentrations ([THg]) in these tissues is not well understood for marine mammals, but it can be important for interpretation of tissue concentrations with respect to ecotoxicology and biomonitoring. We examined [THg] in blood and hair in multiple ag ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0174-3
- Author:
- Austen C. Thomas; Benjamin W. Nelson; Monique M. Lance; Bruce E. Deagle; Andrew W. Trites
- Source:
- Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2016 v.74 no.6 pp. 907-921
- ISSN:
- 1205-7533
- Subject:
- DNA barcoding; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; Oncorhynchus keta; Oncorhynchus kisutch; Oncorhynchus nerka; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Phoca vitulina; adults; autumn; diet; feces; juveniles; predation; predators; salmon; seals; spring; British Columbia
- Abstract:
- ... Knowing the species and life stages of prey that predators consume is important for understanding the impacts that predation may have on prey populations, but traditional methods for determining diets often cannot provide sufficient detail. We combined data from two methods of scat analysis (DNA metabarcoding and morphological prey ID) to quantify the species and life stages of salmon (Oncorhynchu ...
- DOI:
- 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0558
- https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0558
- Author:
- Kristina Lehnert; Eva Schwanke; Kerstin Hahn; Peter Wohlsein; Ursula Siebert
- Source:
- Journal of sea research 2016 v.113 pp. 65-72
- ISSN:
- 1385-1101
- Subject:
- Acanthocheilonema; Phoca vitulina; adults; autumn; blood; blood sampling; coasts; epidemiology; genes; heartworms; immunology; lice; microfilariae; monitoring; neonates; seals; spring; surveys; yearlings; Baltic Sea
- Abstract:
- ... The seal louse (Echinophthirius [E.] horridus) and the heartworm (Acanthocheilonema [A.] spirocauda) are parasites of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). Little is known about the role of the seal louse as a potential vector and its role for the development and transmission of heartworm larvae to their final host, the harbour seal. The life-cycle of the heartworm is still not fully understood. For the ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.seares.2015.06.014
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2015.06.014
16. Herpesviruses including novel gammaherpesviruses are widespread among phocid seal species in canada
- Author:
- Bellehumeur Christian; Nielsen Ole; Measures Lena; Harwood Lois; Goldstein Tracey; Boyle Brian; Gagnon Carl A.
- Source:
- Journal of wildlife diseases 2016 v.52 no.1 pp. 70-81
- ISSN:
- 0090-3558
- Subject:
- islands; Pusa hispida; genes; Gammaherpesvirinae; antibodies; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; viruses; Phocid alphaherpesvirus 1; body condition; estuaries; sequence analysis; antigens; cell culture; Phoca vitulina; Cystophora cristata; DNA-directed DNA polymerase; seals; Monachus schauinslandi; Halichoerus grypus; Northwest Territories; Quebec
- Abstract:
- ... Little is known about herpesviruses in Canadian pinnipeds. We measured prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses in the sera from Canadian phocid seals by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Wild harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and captive harbor seals were positive for antibodies to Phocid herpesvirus 1 (PhoHV-1) at prevalences of 91% and 100%, respectively. Sera from wild hooded seals ( ...
- DOI:
- 10.7589/2015-01-020
- https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-01-020
- Author:
- Andrea Bogomolni; Salvatore Frasca Jr; Milton Levin; Keith Matassa; Ole Nielsen; Gordon Waring; Sylvain De Guise
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 121-132
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- quantitative polymerase chain reaction; at-risk population; T-lymphocytes; monocytes; seals; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; polychlorinated biphenyls; Phoca vitulina; Phocine morbillivirus; viruses; viral load; virus replication; death; lymphocyte proliferation; mortality
- Abstract:
- ... In the last 30 years, several large-scale marine mammal mortality events have occurred, often in close association with highly polluted regions, leading to suspicions that contaminant-induced immunosuppression contributed to these epizootics. Some of these recent events also identified morbillivirus as a cause of or contributor to death. The role of contaminant exposures regarding morbillivirus mo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0178-z
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0178-z
- Author:
- Bauer Kendra L.; Goertz Caroline E. C.; Belovarac Jane A.; Walton Robert W.; Dunn J. Lawrence; Tuomi Pamela
- Source:
- Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2016 v.47 no.3 pp. 770-780
- ISSN:
- 1042-7260
- Subject:
- Delphinapterus leucas; burden of disease; philopatry; Brucella; Canine morbillivirus; Leptospira interrogans; serology; flora; toxicology; screening; pathogens; dolphins; monitoring; Neospora caninum; Phoca vitulina; Toxoplasma gondii; seals; Phocine morbillivirus; avian influenza; habitats; Sarcocystis neurona; bacteria; Alaska
- Abstract:
- ... Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) eat many of the same prey species, occupy the same geographic area, and demonstrate site fidelity in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Although most direct research involving the critically endangered belugas is currently prohibited, studying harbor seals may provide important information about this beluga population. In recent ...
- DOI:
- 10.1638/2015-0147.1
- https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0147.1
- Author:
- Sophia Arlena Ulrich; Kristina Lehnert; Ana Rubio-Garcia; Guillermo J. Sanchez-Contreras; Christina Strube; Ursula Siebert
- Source:
- International journal for parasitology 2016 v.5 no.1 pp. 48-55
- ISSN:
- 2213-2244
- Subject:
- Dictyocaulus viviparus; Phoca vitulina; antibodies; antigens; bacterial infections; blood serum; body weight; bronchopneumonia; cattle; death; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; females; hosts; lungworms; males; phylogeny; seals; seroprevalence; spermatozoa
- Abstract:
- ... Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are frequently infected with the lungworms Otostrongylus circumlitus and Parafilaroides gymnurus. The infection is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can cause severe bronchopneumonia and even death in affected animals. Hitherto, the detection of lungworm infections was based on post mortem investigations from animals collected within stranding n ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.02.001
- PubMed:
- 26977405
- PubMed Central:
- PMC4781971
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2016.02.001
- Author:
- Marie Noël; Steven Jeffries; Dyanna M. Lambourn; Kevin Telmer; Robie Macdonald; Peter S. Ross
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 56-66
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; adults; bioaccumulation; emissions; food chain; gestation period; juveniles; lactation; mass spectrometry; mercury; methylmercury compounds; neonates; neurotoxicity; pups; seals; wildlife; British Columbia; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Rim; Washington (state)
- Abstract:
- ... Mercury (Hg) bioaccumulates in the aquatic food chain in the form of methylmercury, a compound well known for its neurotoxicity. We analyzed total mercury (THg) in hair collected from 209 harbour seals captured at 10 sites in British Columbia (Canada) and Washington State (USA) between 2003 and 2010. In addition, laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) allowed for a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0193-0
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0193-0
- Author:
- Eva Ludes-Wehrmeister; Claudia Dupke; Timm C. Harder; Wolfgang Baumgärtner; Ludwig Haas; Jonas Teilmann; Rune Dietz; Lasse F. Jensen; Ursula Siebert
- Source:
- Veterinary microbiology 2016 v.183 pp. 43-49
- ISSN:
- 0378-1135
- Subject:
- blood serum; neutralization tests; marine mammals; seroprevalence; antibodies; Influenza A virus; Canine morbillivirus; epizootic diseases; Phoca vitulina; Phocine morbillivirus; disease outbreaks; population density; mortality; pathogens; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Phocine distemper virus (PDV) infections caused the two most pronounced mass mortalities in marine mammals documented in the past century. During the two outbreaks, 23,000 and 30,000 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), died in 1988/1989 and 2002 across populations in the Wadden Sea and adjacent waters, respectively. To follow the mechanism and development of disease spreading, the dynamics of Morbilli ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.017
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.017
- Author:
- Kathi A. Lefebvre; Lori Quakenbush; Elizabeth Frame; Kathy Burek Huntington; Gay Sheffield; Raphaela Stimmelmayr; Anna Bryan; Preston Kendrick; Heather Ziel; Tracey Goldstein; Jonathan A. Snyder; Tom Gelatt; Frances Gulland; Bobette Dickerson; Verena Gill
- Source:
- Harmful algae 2016 v.55 pp. 13-24
- ISSN:
- 1568-9883
- Subject:
- Balaena mysticetus; Delphinapterus leucas; Erignathus barbatus; Eumetopias jubatus; Megaptera novaeangliae; Phoca largha; Phoca vitulina; Phocoena phocoena; Pusa hispida; Zalophus californianus; algae; algal blooms; clams; climate; coasts; domoic acid; fetus; food webs; foraging; humans; ice; marine environment; mortality; neurotoxins; paralytic shellfish poisoning; phycotoxins; poisoning; risk; seals; seizures; shellfish; toxicity; water temperature; Alaska; Arctic region; California; Gulf of Alaska
- Abstract:
- ... Current climate trends resulting in rapid declines in sea ice and increasing water temperatures are likely to expand the northern geographic range and duration of favorable conditions for harmful algal blooms (HABs), making algal toxins a growing concern in Alaskan marine food webs. Two of the most common HAB toxins along the west coast of North America are the neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and sax ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.007
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.007
- Author:
- Austen C. Thomas; Bruce E. Deagle; J. Paige Eveson; Corie H. Harsch; Andrew W. Trites
- Source:
- Molecular ecology resources 2016 v.16 no.3 pp. 714-726
- ISSN:
- 1755-098X
- Subject:
- DNA; Phoca vitulina; biomass; field experimentation; fish; nucleotide sequences; seals
- Abstract:
- ... DNA metabarcoding is a powerful new tool allowing characterization of species assemblages using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. The utility of DNA metabarcoding for quantifying relative species abundances is currently limited by both biological and technical biases which influence sequence read counts. We tested the idea of sequencing 50/50 mixtures of target species and a control species in ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/1755-0998.12490
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12490
- Author:
- Sabine Horn; Camille de la Vega
- Source:
- Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 2016 v.481 pp. 41-48
- ISSN:
- 0022-0981
- Subject:
- Anas penelope; Calidris canutus; Chroicocephalus; Haematopus; Larus; Limosa; Phoca vitulina; biomass; birds; carbon; equations; food webs; models; nitrogen content; predators; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Top predators are relevant indicators of the ecological status of a system and can have a high impact on food webs. But top predators are difficult to include in network analyses because their biomass in ash free dry weight or carbon content is missing. Regression equations were determined for the relationships between fresh weight and dry weight, ash free dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.04.010
- Author:
- Andrea L. Bogomolni; Anna L. Bass; Spencer Fire; Lindsay Jasperse; Milton Levin; Ole Nielsen; Gordon Waring; Sylvain De Guise
- Source:
- Harmful algae 2016 v.51 pp. 89-96
- ISSN:
- 1568-9883
- Subject:
- algal blooms; infectious diseases; dolphins; neurotoxicity; T-lymphocytes; algae; seals; Phoca vitulina; Phocine morbillivirus; viruses; immunotoxicity; virus replication; lymphocyte proliferation; mortality; Northeastern United States
- Abstract:
- ... Several marine mammal epizootics have been closely linked to infectious diseases, as well as to the biotoxins produced by harmful algal blooms (HABs). In two of three saxitoxin (STX) associated mortality events, dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) or phocine distemper virus (PDV) was isolated in affected individuals. While STX is notorious for its neurotoxicity, immunotoxic effects have also been describe ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.013
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.013
- Author:
- Ronan Cosgrove; Martha Gosch; David Reid; Michael Sheridan; Nicolas Chopin; Mark Jessopp; Michelle Cronin
- Source:
- Fisheries research 2016 v.183 pp. 192-199
- ISSN:
- 0165-7836
- Subject:
- Halichoerus grypus; Lophius; Phoca vitulina; bycatch; coasts; crayfish; gillnets; habitat preferences; immigration; netting; risk; seals; Ireland; United Kingdom
- Abstract:
- ... A dedicated observer programme was carried out in gillnet and entangling net fisheries off the west and southwest coasts of Ireland to monitor interactions with seals. No seals were observed as bycatch in gillnet fisheries suggesting the risk of bycatch in observed gillnet fisheries is low. Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and to a lesser extent harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were observed as bycat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.007
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.007
- Author:
- Sally Woodman; Amanda J. Gibson; Ana Rubio García; Guillermo Sanchez Contreras; John W. Rossen; Dirk Werling; Victoria Offord
- Source:
- Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2016 v.169 pp. 10-14
- ISSN:
- 0165-2427
- Subject:
- Mirounga; endangered species; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; marine mammals; population dynamics; Brucella; risk; Toll-like receptor 6; methicillin; bacterial infections; pathogens; Phoca vitulina; disease outbreaks; mortality; antibiotic resistance; innate immunity; Influenza A virus; environmental health; Phocine morbillivirus; vaccine adjuvants; Toll-like receptor 1
- Abstract:
- ... Pinnipeds are a diverse clade of semi-aquatic mammals, which act as key indicators of ecosystem health. Their transition from land to marine environments provides a complex microbial milieu, making them vulnerable to both aquatic and terrestrial pathogens, thereby contributing to pinniped population decline. Indeed, viral pathogens such as influenza A virus and phocine distemper virus (PDV) have b ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.11.006
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.11.006
- Author:
- Sonja Fonfara; Janne Sudermeyer; Domingo Casamian Sorrosal; Corinna Weber; Tanja Rosenberger
- Source:
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2016 v.249 no.12 pp. 1428-1435
- ISSN:
- 0003-1488
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; blood sampling; blood serum; cross-sectional studies; pups; seals; troponin I
- Abstract:
- ... OBJECTIVE To measure serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in orphaned harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) pups at various points during rehabilitation in a seal rescue center and determine whether cTnI concentration was associated with survival during rehabilitation and duration of rehabilitation. DESIGN Serial cross-sectional study. ANIMALS Fifty-five 2- to 9-day-old harbor seal pups. PROCEDUR ...
- DOI:
- 10.2460/javma.249.12.1428
- https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.249.12.1428
- Author:
- Sandra M. Granquist; Per-Åke Nilsson
- Source:
- Journal of cleaner production 2016 v.111 pp. 471-478
- ISSN:
- 0959-6526
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; anthropogenic activities; case studies; distress; ecology; interdisciplinary research; society; tourism; tourists; wild animals; wildlife; Iceland
- Abstract:
- ... Due to increasing interest in wildlife tourism, there is a growing need to consider the balance between use and protection of wildlife. Mutual exchange and acceptance of research results between different academic disciplines, such as wildlife ecology and tourism research, has until recently been scarce. Absence of discipline-independent guidance on the management of wildlife tourism, in combinati ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.060
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.060
- Author:
- Kristina Lehnert; Katrin Ronnenberg; Liesbeth Weijs; Adrian Covaci; Krishna Das; Veronika Hellwig; Ursula Siebert
- Source:
- Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016 v.70 no.1 pp. 106-120
- ISSN:
- 0090-4341
- Subject:
- Phoca vitulina; anthropogenic activities; biomarkers; blood; cortisol; environmental impact; fur; genetic markers; heat shock proteins; hematology; immune system; interleukin-10; interleukin-2; marine environment; persistent organic pollutants; protein synthesis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; seals; tissues; trace elements; North Sea
- Abstract:
- ... Harbor seals are exposed to increasing pressure caused by anthropogenic activities in their marine environment. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace elements are hazardous contaminants that accumulate in tissues of harbor seals. POPs and trace elements can negatively affect the immune-system and have been reported, e.g., to increase susceptibility to viral infections in seals. Biomarkers ...
- DOI:
- 10.1007/s00244-015-0202-3
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0202-3
31. A century of Chinook salmon consumption by marine mammal predators in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
- Author:
- Jesse Adams; Isaac C. Kaplan; Brandon Chasco; Kristin N. Marshall; Alejandro Acevedo-Gutiérrez; Eric J. Ward
- Source:
- Ecological informatics 2016 v.34 pp. 44-51
- ISSN:
- 1574-9541
- Subject:
- DNA; Eumetopias jubatus; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Orcinus orca; Phoca vitulina; Zalophus californianus; case studies; databases; diet study techniques; fatty acids; fisheries; marine ecosystems; marine mammals; meta-analysis; population growth; predators; salmon; space and time; Pacific Ocean
- Abstract:
- ... As many marine mammal populations have increased following bans on their harvest, there has been a growing need to understand potential impacts of these population changes on coastal marine ecosystems. Quantifying consumption of prey species, such as fish, is particularly important when those same prey are also targeted by commercial fisheries. Estimating the impact of marine mammal predators on p ...
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.010
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.010