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You searched for: Publication Year 2015 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2015 Subject evolution Remove constraint Subject: evolution
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1. (GAA)n microsatellite as an indicator of the A genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication

Author:
Irina G. Adonina; Nikolay P. Goncharov; Ekaterina D. Badaeva; Ekaterina M. Sergeeva; Nadezhda V. Petrash; Elena A. Salina
Source:
Comparative cytogenetics 2015 v.9 no.4 pp. 533-547
ISSN:
1993-078X
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides; Triticum timopheevii; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; Triticum urartu; diploidy; domestication; evolution; genome; microsatellite repeats; nucleolus organizer region; polyploidy; wheat
Abstract:
... Although the wheat A genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. In the present study we performed comparative analysis of the A genome chromosomes in diploid (Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, 1972, Triticum boeoticum Boissier, 1874 and Triticum monococcum Linnaeus, 1753) and polypl ...
DOI:
10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5120

2. 1 July 1858 and the 1844 essay: what Lyell and Hooker decided; and what Darwin did not want and did not know

Author:
Derek Partridge
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2015 v.116 no.1 pp. 247-251
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
evolution; publications; research
Abstract:
... Two ‘papers’ of Darwin's were read at the famous 1 July 1858 meeting of the Linnean Society: an excerpt from his 1844 essay and a summary of his theory, enclosed in an 1857 letter to Asa Gray. Quite apart from not selecting the essay excerpt, Darwin's letters appear to indicate that he definitely did not want, and hence did not expect, an excerpt from his 1844 essay to be included (and that he did ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12561

3. A 17-My-old whale constrains onset of uplift and climate change in east Africa

Author:
Henry Wichura; Louis L. Jacobs; Andrew Lin; Michael J. Polcyn; Fredrick K. Manthi; Dale A. Winkler; Manfred R. Strecker; Matthew Clemens
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.13 pp. 3910-3915
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Primates; Ziphiidae; climate change; climate models; dry environmental conditions; evolution; fossils; habitats; humans; immigration; isotopes; paleobotany; paleosolic soil types; rain; sea level; vegetation; whales; Kenya
Abstract:
... Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1421502112
PubMed:
25775586
PubMed Central:
PMC4386349

4. APOBEC3B expression in breast cancer reflects cellular proliferation, while a deletion polymorphism is associated with immune activation

Author:
David W. Cescon; Benjamin Haibe-Kains; Tak W. Mak
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.9 pp. 2841-2846
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
biomarkers; breast neoplasms; cell proliferation; data collection; evolution; gene overexpression; humans; patients; somatic mutation
Abstract:
... Genomic sequencing studies of breast and other cancers have identified patterns of mutations that have been attributed to the endogenous mutator activity of APOBEC3B (A3B), a member of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. A3B gene expression is increased in many cancers, but its upstream drivers remain undefined. Furthermore, there exists a common germ-line deletion polymorphism ( A3B ᵈᵉˡ ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1424869112
PubMed:
25730878
PubMed Central:
PMC4352793

5. Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats

Author:
Jonas Johansson Wensman; Ayman Samman; Anna Lindhe; Jean-Christophe Thibault; Louise Treiberg Berndtsson; Margaret J. Hosie
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2015 v.57 no.1 pp. 86
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
Feline calicivirus; antibodies; cats; evolution; humoral immunity; mutation; neutralization; respiratory tract diseases; vaccination; vaccines; Sweden
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats worldwide. Its characteristically high mutation rate leads to escape from the humoral immune response induced by natural infection and/or vaccination and consequently vaccines are not always effective against field isolates. Thus, there is a need to continuously investigate the ability of FCV vaccine ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13028-015-0178-z
PubMed:
26655039
PubMed Central:
PMC4676829

6. Abscission study during citrus fruit maturation in Corsica: unfavorable environmental conditions for fruit shedding

Author:
Hajer Khefifi; Mehdi Ben Mimoun; Raphael Morillon; Francois Luro
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 v. no.1065 pp. 1197-1201
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acidity; clementines; environmental factors; evolution; fruit drop; fruit maturity; fruit pulp; fruiting; hybrids; juices; mandarins; oranges; peduncle; ripening; sugars; total soluble solids; Corsica; Spain
Abstract:
... Citrus fruit development and ripening are complex processes involving physiological and biochemical changes that are under hormonal, nutritional and environmental control. One of the most evident phenomena in late maturation is shedding of ripe fruit. A study made in Spain on sweet oranges showed that fruit shedding was related to the increase of sugars content of fruit pulp juice. To investigate ...

7. Accelerated pathway evolution in mouse-like rodents involves cell cycle control

Author:
Alexander E. Vinogradov
Source:
Mammalian genome 2015 v.26 no.11-12 pp. 609-618
ISSN:
0938-8990
Subject:
Heterocephalus glaber; animal models; apoptosis; biomedical research; cell cycle; evolution; genes; guinea pigs; hamsters; humans; immunity; messenger RNA; mice; mole rats; protein degradation; rats; signal transduction; stem cells
Abstract:
... Rodents include both the cancer-susceptible short-lived mouse and the two unrelated cancer-resistant long-lived mole-rats. In this work, their genomes were analyzed with the goal to reveal pathways enriched in genes, which are more similar between the mole-rats than between the mouse and the naked mole-rat. The pathways related to cell cycle control were prominent. They include external signal tra ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00335-015-9605-8

8. Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting, Herbicide-Resistant Rice Flatsedge (Cyperus iria): Cross-Resistance and Molecular Mechanism of Resistance

Author:
Riar Dilpreet S.; Tehranchian Parsa; Norsworthy Jason K.; Nandula Vijay; McElroy Scott; Srivastava Vibha; Chen Shu; Bond Jason A.; Scott Robert C.
Source:
Weed science 2015 v.63 no.4 pp. 748-757
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
2,4-D; Cyperus iria; Oryza sativa; acetolactate synthase; amino acid substitution; bentazon; bispyribac-sodium; cross resistance; evolution; genes; halosulfuron; herbicide resistance; imazamox; lethal dose 50; malathion; metabolism; mortality; propanil; resistance mechanisms; rice; weeds; Arkansas; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Overuse of acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in rice has led to the evolution of halosulfuron-resistant rice flatsedge in Arkansas and Mississippi. Resistant accessions were cross-resistant to labeled field rates of ALS-inhibiting herbicides from four different families, in comparison to a susceptible (SUS) biotype. Resistance index of Arkansas and Mississippi accessions based on a ...
DOI:
10.1614/WS-D-15-00014.1

9. Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance in seeds: from experimental model to biological relevance

Author:
Bas J. W. Dekkers; Maria Cecilia D. Costa; Julio Maia; Leónie Bentsink; Wilco Ligterink; Henk W. M. Hilhorst
Source:
Planta 2015 v.241 no.3 pp. 563-577
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Medicago truncatula; Nematoda; arid lands; bacteria; dormancy; drought tolerance; evolution; fungi; germination; models; seedlings; seeds; tissues
Abstract:
... MAIN CONCLUSION : Besides being an important model to study desiccation tolerance, the induction of desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds may also play an ecological role in seedling establishment. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is the ability of certain organisms to survive extreme water losses without accumulation of lethal damage. This was a key feature in the conquering of dry land and is curr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-014-2240-x

10. Activation of the σᴱ-Dependent Stress Pathway by Conjugative TraR May Anticipate Conjugational Stress

Author:
Elicia D. Grace; Saumya Gopalkrishnan; Mary E. Girard; Matthew D. Blankschien; Wilma Ross; Richard L. Gourse; Christophe Herman
Source:
Journal of bacteriology 2015 v.197 no.5 pp. 924-931
ISSN:
0021-9193
Subject:
DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Escherichia coli; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; biosynthesis; evolution; fimbriae; horizontal gene transfer; pathogens; plasmids; protein folding; proteinases; signal transduction; stress response; virulence
Abstract:
... Horizontal gene transfer by conjugation plays a major role in bacterial evolution, allowing the acquisition of new traits, such as virulence and resistance to antibacterial agents. With the increased antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens, a better understanding of how bacteria modulate conjugation under changing environments and the genetic factors involved is needed. Despite the evolutiona ...
DOI:
10.1128/JB.02279-14
PubMed:
25535270
PubMed Central:
PMC4325106

11. Adaptation of aquatic insects to the current flow in streams

Author:
Rupert Mazzucco; Tuyen Van Nguyen; Dong-Hwan Kim; Tae-Soo Chon; Ulf Dieckmann
Source:
Ecological modelling 2015 v.309-310 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
adults; aquatic insects; environmental factors; evolution; flight; habitats; models; rivers; streams; water flow
Abstract:
... Water velocity is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the survival of aquatic insects in rivers and streams. The unidirectional water flow shaping their habitat and characteristically dividing it into alternating zones of high and low water velocity (riffles and pools) also imposes on them the special necessity to adapt to continual downstream drift. Here, we analyze an individua ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.019

12. Adaptation of flowering phenology and fitness-related traits across environmental gradients in the widespread Campanula rotundifolia

Author:
Veronica Preite; Jürg Stöcklin; Georg F. J. Armbruster; J. F. Scheepens
Source:
Evolutionary ecology 2015 v.29 no.2 pp. 249-267
ISSN:
0269-7653
Subject:
Campanula rotundifolia; climatic factors; evolution; flowering; global warming; growing season; latitude; phenology; phenotypic plasticity; Alps region; Central European region; Netherlands; Scandinavia; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Plant populations need to adjust to climate warming through phenotypic plasticity or evolution of trait means. We performed a common-garden experiment with European populations of Campanula rotundifolia to investigate current adaptation in fitness-related traits and the potential for future adaptation. The common garden was situated in Switzerland and contained plants from 18 populations from four ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y

13. Adaptive laboratory evolution of ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis strain tolerant to furfural and acetic acid inhibitors

Author:
Zong-Xia Shui; Han Qin; Bo Wu; Zhi-yong Ruan; Lu-shang Wang; Fu-Rong Tan; Jing-Li Wang; Xiao-Yu Tang; Li-Chun Dai; Guo-Quan Hu; Ming-Xiong He
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2015 v.99 no.13 pp. 5739-5748
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Zymomonas mobilis; acetic acid; acid tolerance; bioethanol; biorefining; cell growth; enzymes; ethanol; ethanol production; evolution; furfural; glucose; hydrolysates; lignocellulose; metabolic engineering; mutants
Abstract:
... Furfural and acetic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysates are the prevalent inhibitors to Zymomonas mobilis during cellulosic ethanol production. Developing a strain tolerant to furfural or acetic acid inhibitors is difficul by using rational engineering strategies due to poor understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) wa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-015-6616-z

14. Adaptive simplification and the evolution of gecko locomotion: Morphological and biomechanical consequences of losing adhesion

Author:
Timothy E. Higham; Aleksandra V. Birn-Jeffery; Clint E. Collins; C. Darrin Hulsey; Anthony P. Russell
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.3 pp. 809-814
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Gekkonidae; adhesion; biomechanics; evolution; locomotion; scientists
Abstract:
... Innovations permit the diversification of lineages, but they may also impose functional constraints on behaviors such as locomotion. Thus, it is not surprising that secondary simplification of novel locomotory traits has occurred several times among vertebrates and could potentially lead to exceptional divergence when constraints are relaxed. For example, the gecko adhesive system is a remarkable ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1418979112
PubMed:
25548182
PubMed Central:
PMC4311805

15. Adaptive virulence evolution: the good old fitness-based approach

Author:
Samuel Alizon; Yannis Michalakis
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2015 v.30 no.5 pp. 248-254
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
evolution; hosts; infectious diseases; parasites; virulence
Abstract:
... Infectious diseases could be expected to evolve towards complete avirulence to their hosts if given enough time. However, this is not the case. Often, virulence is maintained because it is linked to adaptive advantages to the parasite, a situation that is often associated with the hypothesis known as the transmission–virulence trade-off hypothesis. Here, we argue that this hypothesis has three lim ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.009

16. Advances in the study of bat flight: the wing and the wind1

Author:
S.M. Swartz; N. Konow
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 2015 v.93 no.12 pp. 977-990
ISSN:
1480-3283
Subject:
Chiroptera; aerodynamics; evolution; flight; habitats; mammals; wings
Abstract:
... Bats are diverse, speciose, and inhabit most of earth’s habitats, aided by powered flapping flight. The many traits that enable flight in these mammals have long attracted popular and research interest, but recent technological and conceptual advances have provided investigators with new kinds of information concerning diverse aspects of flight biology. As a consequence of these new data, our unde ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjz-2015-0117

17. Aeolian sediments evolution controlled by fluvial processes, climate change and human activities since LGM in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Author:
LuPeng Yu; ZhongPing Lai; Ping An; Tong Pan; QiuFang Chang
Source:
Quaternary International 2015 v.372 pp. 23-32
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
basins; climate change; dune sand; evolution; habitats; humans; loess; luminescence; monsoon season; summer; China
Abstract:
... Aeolian sediments are widely distributed in the eastern Qaidam Basin (QB), the main habitats for human in the hyper-arid basin during the Holocene, especially since 3 ka. The evolution of aeolian sediments is an important factor for the environmental change, and influence human activities and migration. However, many questions, e.g., when the aeolian sediments start to accumulate, what controls th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.043

18. Aldehydes and sugars from evolved precometary ice analogs: Importance of ices in astrochemical and prebiotic evolution

Author:
Pierre de Marcellus; Cornelia Meinert; Iuliia Myrgorodska; Laurent Nahon; Thomas Buhse; Louis Le Sergeant d’Hendecourt; Uwe J. Meierhenrich
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.4 pp. 965-970
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
aldehydes; amino acids; ammonia; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; evolution; ice; methanol; organic matter; prebiotics; sugars; water
Abstract:
... Evolved interstellar ices observed in dense protostellar molecular clouds may arguably be considered as part of precometary materials that will later fall on primitive telluric planets, bringing a wealth of complex organic compounds. In our laboratory, experiments reproducing the photo/thermochemical evolution of these ices are routinely performed. Following previous amino acid identifications in ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1418602112
PubMed:
25583475
PubMed Central:
PMC4313837

19. Allelic variation in the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 domestication genes in natural grapevine populations (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris)

Author:
D. Carrasco; G. De Lorenzis; D. Maghradze; E. Revilla; A. Bellido; O. Failla; R. Arroyo-García
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2015 v.301 no.6 pp. 1613-1624
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris; Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera; alleles; anthocyanins; color; cultivars; domestication; evolution; genetic variation; haplotypes; loci; point mutation; small fruits; table grapes; table wines; transcription factors; wine grapes; wine quality; Iberian Peninsula; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Grape skin color is among the most important qualitative traits on which selection is based in wine and table grape breeding programmes. Skin color is determined by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins. In prior work on cultivated forms, it was shown that polymorphisms in the grape transcription factor family VvMYBA are responsible for anthocyanin content variation in the berries of cultiv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-014-1181-y

20. Along the Axis between Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity; Principles Conserved in Evolution from Fish to Mammals

Author:
Takuya Yamaguchi; Fumio Takizawa; Uwe Fischer; Johannes M. Dijkstra
Source:
Biology 2015 v.4 no.4 pp. 814-859
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
Lepisosteus oculatus; T-lymphocytes; cytotoxicity; evolution; fish; genes; gills; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; immunity; interleukin-3; interleukin-4; interleukin-5; loci; macrophages; mammals; models; neoplasms; phenotype; tissues; uterus
Abstract:
... A phenomenon already discovered more than 25 years ago is the possibility of naïve helper T cells to polarize into TH1 or TH2 populations. In a simplified model, these polarizations occur at opposite ends of an “immune 1-2 axis” (i1-i2 axis) of possible conditions. Additional polarizations of helper/regulatory T cells were discovered later, such as for example TH17 ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology4040814
PubMed:
26593954
PubMed Central:
PMC4690019

21. Altitudinal flower size variation correlates with local pollinator size in a bumblebee‐pollinated herb, Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae)

Author:
S. Kuriya; M. Hattori; Y. Nagano; T. Itino
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2015 v.28 no.10 pp. 1761-1769
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Bombus; Prunella vulgaris; altitude; corolla; evolution; females; geographical variation; males; mountains; pollinators; proboscis
Abstract:
... The influence of locally different species interactions on trait evolution is a focus of recent evolutionary studies. However, few studies have demonstrated that geographically different pollinator‐mediated selection influences geographic variation in floral traits, especially across a narrow geographic range. Here, we hypothesized that floral size variation in the Japanese herb Prunella vulgaris ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.12693

22. Analysis of 17 Y‐STR loci haplotype and Y‐chromosome haplogroup distribution in five Chinese ethnic groups

Author:
Ying Wang; Chao Liu; Chu‐chu Zhang; Ran Li; Yue LI; Xue‐ling Ou; Hong‐yu Sun
Source:
Electrophoresis 2015 v.36 no.20 pp. 2546-2552
ISSN:
0173-0835
Subject:
Y chromosome; electrophoresis; evolution; forensic sciences; genetic distance; genetic variation; haplotypes; humans; loci; males; multidimensional scaling; nationalities and ethnic groups; variance; China
Abstract:
... To investigate genetic diversity in Chinese populations, 706 unrelated male individuals from five ethnic groups (Han, Korean, Hui, Mongolian, and Tibetan, respectively) were analyzed with 17 Y‐chromosomal STRs. The haplotype diversity was 0.99985 in the combined data. A total of 675 distinct haplotypes were observed, of which 649 were unique. Y‐chromosome haplogroups in the five groups were also p ...
DOI:
10.1002/elps.201500089

23. Analysis of channel evolution characteristics in the Hobq Desert reach of the Yellow River (1962–2000)

Author:
Baotian Pan; Qingyu Guan; Zibian Liu; Hongshan Gao
Source:
Global and Planetary Change 2015 v.135 pp. 148-158
ISSN:
0921-8181
Subject:
evolution; irrigated farming; mouth; rivers; sediment deposition; sediments; streams; tectonics; Yellow River
Abstract:
... A series of problems, resulting from sediment deposition and channel silting, have occurred on the Hetao Plain as a result of changes to the Hobq Desert reach of the Yellow River. Therefore, improved research on channel evolution in this reach is vitally important. Using profile data from 80 channel cross-sections obtained in 1962, 1982, 1991 and 2000 from the Yellow River in the Hobq Desert, we s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.015

24. Analysis of the floral MADS-box genes from monocotyledonous Trilliaceae species indicates the involvement of SEPALLATA3-like genes in sepal-petal differentiation

Author:
Shosei Kubota; Akira Kanno
Source:
Plant science 2015 v.241 pp. 266-276
ISSN:
0168-9452
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Trillium camschatcense; calyx; evolution; gene overexpression; genes; hybrids; models; phenotype; proteins; yeasts
Abstract:
... The evolution of greenish sepals from petaloid outer tepals has occurred repeatedly in various lineages of non-grass monocots. Studies in distinct monocot species showed that the evolution of sepals could be explained by the ABC model; for example, the defect of B-class function in the outermost whorl was linked to the evolution of sepals. Here, floral MADS-box genes from three sepal-bearing monoc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.013

25. Analysis of the giant genomes of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) indicates that a lack of DNA removal characterizes extreme expansions in genome size

Author:
Laura J. Kelly; Simon Renny‐Byfield; Jaume Pellicer; Jiří Macas; Petr Novák; Pavel Neumann; Martin A. Lysak; Peter D. Day; Madeleine Berger; Michael F. Fay; Richard A. Nichols; Andrew R. Leitch; Ilia J. Leitch
Source:
new phytologist 2015 v.208 no.2 pp. 596-607
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
DNA; Fritillaria; diploidy; evolution; genome; polyploidy; tandem repeat sequences; transposons
Abstract:
... Plants exhibit an extraordinary range of genome sizes, varying by > 2000‐fold between the smallest and largest recorded values. In the absence of polyploidy, changes in the amount of repetitive DNA (transposable elements and tandem repeats) are primarily responsible for genome size differences between species. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the relative importance of amplification of r ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.13471
PubMed:
26061193
PubMed Central:
PMC4744688

26. Analysis of transmission of heterozygosity by 2n gametes in Populus (Salicaceae)

Author:
Chun-Bo Dong; Yu-Jing Suo; Jun Wang; Xiang-Yang Kang
Source:
Tree genetics & genomes 2015 v.11 no.1 pp. 799
ISSN:
1614-2942
Subject:
Populus; eggs; evolution; genetic markers; germ cells; heterozygosity; hybrids; loci; microsatellite repeats; triploidy
Abstract:
... It is well known that polyploidy is a major force in plant evolution and diversification. Evaluating the transmission of heterozygosity by 2n gametes with different formation mechanisms is of crucial importance. In the present study, 120 triploid hybrids [originating from first-division restitution (FDR), second-division restitution (SDR), and postmeiotic restitution (PMR) 2n eggs of the same fema ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11295-014-0799-9

27. Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a: A marker of strain diversity with implications for control of bovine anaplasmosis

Author:
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz; José de la Fuente
Source:
Ticks and tick-borne diseases 2015 v.6 no.3 pp. 205-210
ISSN:
1877-959X
Subject:
Anaplasma marginale; adhesins; bacteria; bovine anaplasmosis; cattle; diagnostic techniques; evolution; niches; pathogens; strain differences; surface proteins; ticks; vaccines; virulence
Abstract:
... Classification of bacteria is challenging due to the lack of a theory-based framework. In addition, the adaptation of bacteria to ecological niches often results in selection of strains with diverse virulence, pathogenicity and transmission characteristics. Bacterial strain diversity presents challenges for taxonomic classification, which in turn impacts the ability to develop accurate diagnostics ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.007

28. Ancestral duplications and highly dynamic opsin gene evolution in percomorph fishes

Author:
Fabio Cortesi; Zuzana Musilová; Sara M. Stieb; Nathan S. Hart; Ulrike E. Siebeck; Martin Malmstrøm; Ole K. Tørresen; Sissel Jentoft; Karen L. Cheney; N. Justin Marshall; Karen L. Carleton; Walter Salzburger
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.5 pp. 1493-1498
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
aquatic environment; evolution; fish; gene conversion; gene deletion; gene duplication; genes; opsin; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Single-gene and whole-genome duplications are important evolutionary mechanisms that contribute to biological diversification by launching new genetic raw material. For example, the evolution of animal vision is tightly linked to the expansion of the opsin gene family encoding light-absorbing visual pigments. In teleost fishes, the most species-rich vertebrate group, opsins are particularly divers ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1417803112
PubMed:
25548152
PubMed Central:
PMC4321309

29. Anhydrobiosis and programmed cell death in plants: Commonalities and Differences

Author:
Samer Singh; Vivek Ambastha; Alex Levine; Sudhir Kumar Sopory; Pramod Kumar Yadava; Baishnab Charan Tripathy; Budhi Sagar Tiwari
Source:
Current plant biology 2015 v.2 pp. 12-20
ISSN:
2214-6628
Subject:
Angiospermae; Bryophyta; Cyanobacteria; anhydrobiosis; biochemical pathways; environmental factors; eukaryotic cells; evolution; mammals; metabolism; programmed cell death; rehydration; seeds; water stress
Abstract:
... Anhydrobiosis is an adaptive strategy of certain organisms or specialised propagules to survive in the absence of water while programmed cell death (PCD) is a finely tuned cellular process of the selective elimination of targeted cell during developmental programme and perturbed biotic and abiotic conditions. Particularly during water stress both the strategies serve single purpose i.e., survival ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cpb.2014.12.001

30. Antarctic bdelloid rotifers: diversity, endemism and evolution

Author:
N. S. Iakovenko; J. Smykla; P. Convey; E. Kašparová; I. A. Kozeretska; V. Trokhymets; I. Dykyy; M. Plewka; M. Devetter; Z. Duriš; K. Janko
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2015 v.761 no.1 pp. 5-43
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
Bdelloidea; data collection; evolution; indigenous species; invertebrates; morphospecies; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Antarctica is an isolated continent whose conditions challenge the survival of living organisms. High levels of endemism are now known in many Antarctic organisms, including algae, tardigrades, nematodes and microarthropods. Bdelloid rotifers are a key, widespread and abundant group of Antarctic microscopic invertebrates. However, their diversity, regional distribution and endemism have received l ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-015-2463-2

31. Antimicrobial resistance and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from pigs farms

Author:
Laura E.J. Peeters; M. Angeles Argudín; Sonya Azadikhah; Patrick Butaye
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2015 v.180 no.1-2 pp. 151-156
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; ciprofloxacin; clindamycin; erythromycin; evolution; genes; gentamicin; humans; kanamycin; livestock and meat industry; methicillin; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; microarray technology; nose; population structure; surveys; swine; tetracycline; trimethoprim; veterinary medicine; virulence; Belgium
Abstract:
... Staphylococcus aureus is a burden in human and veterinary medicine. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies reported the presence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 in pigs. During 2013, a survey was performed in pig farms (n=328) randomly selected over Belgium, to monitor the current epidemiological situation of LA-MRSA among ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.018

32. Apes in the Anthropocene: flexibility and survival

Author:
Kimberley J. Hockings; Matthew R. McLennan; Susana Carvalho; Marc Ancrenaz; René Bobe; Richard W. Byrne; Robin I.M. Dunbar; Tetsuro Matsuzawa; William C. McGrew; Elizabeth A. Williamson; Michael L. Wilson; Bernard Wood; Richard W. Wrangham; Catherine M. Hill
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2015 v.30 no.4 pp. 215-222
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
Pongidae; anthropogenic activities; cognition; evolution; humans
Abstract:
... We are in a new epoch, the Anthropocene, and research into our closest living relatives, the great apes, must keep pace with the rate that our species is driving change. While a goal of many studies is to understand how great apes behave in natural contexts, the impact of human activities must increasingly be taken into account. This is both a challenge and an opportunity, which can importantly in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.002

33. Aposematism and crypsis in a rodent: antipredator defence of the Norwegian lemming

Author:
Malte Andersson
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2015 v.69 no.4 pp. 571-581
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
adults; birds; color; evolution; humans; juveniles; predation; predators; voles
Abstract:
... Aposematism is unusual in herbivorous mammals, and exceptions help clarify its ecology and evolution. The Norwegian lemming differs from other rodents in colouration and behaviour. One hypothesis is that its black, yellow and white colours, loud calls and ferocious defence reduce predation by conspicuous aposematism. Another hypothesis is that the colouration is cryptic. These alternatives are tes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-014-1868-7

34. Appearance and elaboration of the ethylene receptor family during land plant evolution

Author:
Daniel R. Gallie
Source:
Plant molecular biology 2015 v.87 no.4-5 pp. 521-539
ISSN:
0167-4412
Subject:
Amborella trichopoda; Arabidopsis thaliana; Charophyta; Liliopsida; Physcomitrella patens; ethylene; ethylene production; evolution; histidine kinase; introns; multigene family; receptors
Abstract:
... Ethylene is perceived following binding to endoplasmic reticulum-localized receptors, which in Arabidopsis thaliana, include ETR1, ERS1, EIN4, ETR2, and ERS2. These receptors fall into two subfamilies based on conservation of features within their histidine kinase domain. Subfamily 1 contains ETR1 and ERS1 whereas subfamily 2 contains EIN4, ETR2, and ERS2. Because ethylene receptors are found only ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11103-015-0296-z

35. Application of flow cytometry for exploring the evolution of Geosmithia fungi living in association with bark beetles: the role of conidial DNA content

Author:
Tereza Veselská; Miroslav Kolařík
Source:
Fungal ecology 2015 v.13 pp. 83-92
ISSN:
1754-5048
Subject:
Ambrosia; DNA; ambrosia beetles; bark beetles; conidia; evolution; flow cytometry; fungi; phenotype; symbiosis
Abstract:
... Geosmithia belongs among fungi living in symbiosis with phloem-feeding bark beetles. Several species have altered their ecology to that of obligatory symbiosis with ambrosia beetles, which has led to a shift in their phenotype and caused formation of large spherical conidia. In this study, we pose the following questions; (1) Is the conidial DNA content of Geosmithia correlated with conidial volum ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.funeco.2014.08.007

36. Aptamer-Based Technology for Food Analysis

Author:
Xiaofei Liu; Xuewu Zhang
Source:
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2015 v.175 no.1 pp. 603-624
ISSN:
0273-2289
Subject:
antibodies; biotechnology; chemistry; evolution; food analysis; food safety; food technology; human health; medicine; oligonucleotides; screening
Abstract:
... Aptamers are short and functional single-stranded oligonucleotide sequences selected from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, which have the capacity to recognize various classes of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Various analytical aptamers acquired by SELEX are widely used in many research fields, such as medicine, biology, and chemistr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12010-014-1289-0

37. Archaeal replicative primases can perform translesion DNA synthesis

Author:
Stanislaw K. Jozwiakowski; Farimah Borazjani Gholami; Aidan J. Doherty
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.7 pp. E633
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA; enzymes; evolution; genome
Abstract:
... DNA replicases routinely stall at lesions encountered on the template strand, and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is used to rescue progression of stalled replisomes. This process requires specialized polymerases that perform translesion DNA synthesis. Although prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess canonical TLS polymerases (Y-family Pols) capable of traversing blocking DNA lesions, most archaea lack ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1412982112
PubMed:
25646444
PubMed Central:
PMC4343091

38. Are aposematic signals honest? A review

Author:
K. Summers; M. P. Speed; J. D. Blount; A. M. M. Stuckert
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2015 v.28 no.9 pp. 1583-1599
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
evolution; frogs; invertebrates; models
Abstract:
... We explore the relevance of honest signalling theory to the evolution of aposematism. We begin with a general consideration of models of signal stability, with a focus on the Zahavian costly signalling framework. Next, we review early models of signalling in the context of aposematism (some that are consistent and some inconsistent with costly honest signalling). We focus on controversies surround ...
DOI:
10.1111/jeb.12676

39. Arid environments: Opportunities for studying co-evolutionary patterns of scorpion venoms in predator–prey systems

Author:
A.M. Castilla; R.B. Huey; J.J. Calvete; R. Richer; A.H.M. Al-Hemaidi
Source:
Journal of arid environments 2015 v.112 pp. 165-169
ISSN:
0140-1963
Subject:
Scorpiones; arid zones; dry environmental conditions; evolution; experts; humans; lizards; predator-prey relationships; predators; proteomics; species diversity; toxicology; transcriptomics; venoms
Abstract:
... We review the literature on the geographic and taxonomic diversity of species of lizards and scorpions that are involved in predator–prey interactions. Somewhat surprisingly, lizards are often the predators in these interactions. Consequently, our goals were to evaluate whether lizard predators had evolved morphological or physiological resistance to scorpion venom or whether the rely on behaviora ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.013

40. Asexual plants change just as often and just as fast as do sexual plants when introduced to a new range

Author:
Rhiannon L. Dalrymple; Joanna M. Buswell; Angela T. Moles
Source:
Oikos 2015 v.124 no.2 pp. 196-205
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
evolution; herbaria; herbs; introduced species; leaf area; leaves; Australia; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Some of the world's most economically and environmentally damaging introduced species reproduce asexually. While sexually reproducing introduced herbs have proven capable of rapid evolution, no previous study has quantified morphological changes in multiple obligatory asexually reproducing introduced species, or asked whether their potential for change differs from that of sexual species. We measu ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.01582

41. Assessing Susceptibility to Epilepsy in Three Rat Strains Using Brain Metabolic Profiling Based on HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Author:
Fauvelle Florence; Boccard Julien; Cavarec Fanny; Depaulis Antoine; Deransart Colin
Source:
Journal of Proteome Research 2015 v.14 no.5 pp. 2177-2189
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
alanine; brain; chemometrics; epilepsy; evolution; glutamic acid; glutamine; glutathione; metabolites; metabolomics; models; multivariate analysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; pathophysiology; phenotype; proteome; rats; seizures; taurine
Abstract:
... The possibility that a metabolomic approach can inform about the pathophysiology of a given form of epilepsy was addressed. Using chemometric analyses of HRMAS NMR data, we compared several brain structures in three rat strains with different susceptibilities to absence epilepsy: Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), Non Epileptic Control rats (NEC), and Wistar rats. Two ages were ...
DOI:
10.1021/pr501309b

42. Assessing the effects of guppy life history evolution on nutrient recycling: from experiments to the field

Author:
Rana W. El‐Sabaawi; Michael C. Marshall; Ronald D. Bassar; Andrés López‐Sepulcre; Eric P. Palkovacs; Christopher Dalton
Source:
Freshwater biology 2015 v.60 no.3 pp. 590-601
ISSN:
0046-5070
Subject:
Poecilia reticulata; body size; demographic statistics; environmental factors; evolution; excretion; field experimentation; freshwater ecosystems; life history; nitrogen; phosphorus; population density; predation; predators; rivers; sociodemographic characteristics; Trinidad and Tobago
Abstract:
... Trait evolution can occur in response to anthropogenic alterations to ecosystems and can occur on timescales similar to those of ecological processes suggesting that it could alter ecosystem function. In this study, we characterise the effects of life history evolution on nutrient recycling using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as a model system. Guppy life history traits evolve in res ...
DOI:
10.1111/fwb.12507

43. Assessing the feasibility of N and P recovery by struvite precipitation from nutrient-rich wastewater: a review

Author:
Ramesh Kumar; Parimal Pal
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2015 v.22 no.22 pp. 17453-17464
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
beverages; dairy manure; eutrophication; evolution; fertilizers; landfill leachates; magnesium ammonium phosphate; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; planning; raw materials; surface water; swine; urine; value added; wastewater; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Literature on recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater in the form of value-added struvite fertilizer has been critically reviewed towards the evolution of a sustainable management strategy. Presence of nitrogen and phosphorus is widespread in both domestic as well as industrial wastewater streams such as swine wastewater, landfill leachate, urine waste, dairy manure, coke wastewater, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-015-5450-2

44. Assessment of nutrient remobilization through structural changes of palisade and spongy parenchyma in oilseed rape leaves during senescence

Author:
Clément Sorin; Maja Musse; François Mariette; Alain Bouchereau; Laurent Leport
Source:
Planta 2015 v.241 no.2 pp. 333-346
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; cell growth; evolution; electron microscopy; nitrogen; carbon; leaves; Brassica napus; leaf development
Abstract:
... MAIN CONCLUSION : Differential palisade and spongy parenchyma structural changes in oilseed rape leaf were demonstrated. These dismantling processes were linked to early senescence events and associated to remobilization processes. During leaf senescence, an ordered cell dismantling process allows efficient nutrient remobilization. However, in Brassica napus plants, an important amount of nitrogen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-014-2182-3

45. Assessment of resistance risk to lambda-cyhalothrin and cross-resistance to four other insecticides in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Author:
Naeem Abbas; Sarfraz Ali Shad
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.7 pp. 2629-2637
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Musca domestica; at-risk population; bifenthrin; cross resistance; evolution; fipronil; heritability; imidacloprid; lambda-cyhalothrin; lethal concentration 50; methomyl; resistance management; risk; sodium channels; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Lambda-cyhalothrin, a sodium channel modulator insecticide, has been used frequently for the control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) worldwide, including Pakistan. This experiment was performed to determine the selection and assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance evolution along with four other insecticides. After 26 generations of selection, the lambda-cyhalothrin-sele ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-015-4467-2

46. Association of CRISPR/Cas Evolution with Vibrio parahaemolyticus Virulence Factors and Genotypes

Author:
Sun Honghu; Li Yinghui; Shi Xiaolu; Lin Yiman; Qiu Yaqun; Zhang Jinjin; Liu Yao; Jiang Min; Zhang Zhen; Chen Qiongcheng; Sun Qun; Hu Qinghua
Source:
Foodborne pathogens & disease 2015 v.12 no.1 pp. 68-73
ISSN:
1556-7125
Subject:
Vibrio parahaemolyticus; bacteria; evolution; genome; genotype; immune system; multilocus sequence typing; virulence; China
Abstract:
... Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), which is considered to be an immune system for bacteria, has been widely used as a tool for genome editing and genotyping. It has also been reported to be associated with virulence factors in some bacteria. To understand the role of CRISPR in the virulence and evolution of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 154 V. parahaemolyticu ...
DOI:
10.1089/fpd.2014.1792

47. Astronomical tuning for the upper Messinian Spanish Atlantic margin: Disentangling basin evolution, climate cyclicity and MOW

Author:
B.C.J. van den Berg; F.J. Sierro; F.J. Hilgen; R. Flecker; J.C. Larrasoaña; W. Krijgsman; J.A. Flores; M.P. Mata; E. Bellido Martín; J. Civis; J.A. González-Delgado
Source:
Global and Planetary Change 2015 v.135 pp. 89-103
ISSN:
0921-8181
Subject:
basins; climate; elemental composition; evolution; isotopes; models; oxygen; periodicity; plankton; rivers; salinity; sediments; solar radiation; summer; Morocco; Spain
Abstract:
... We present a new high-resolution cyclostratigraphic age model for the Messinian sediments of the Montemayor-1 core. This core was drilled in the Guadalquivir Basin in southern Spain, which formed part of the marine corridor linking the Mediterranean with the Atlantic in the Late Miocene. Tuning of high-resolution geochemical records reveals a strong precessional cyclicity, with maximum clastic sup ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.10.009

48. Asymptotic allometry and transition to the canopy in Abies balsamea

Author:
Zachary T. Wood; David R. Peart; Peter A. Palmiotto; Lixi Kong; Noah V. Peart; Charles Canham
Source:
journal of ecology 2015 v.103 no.6 pp. 1658-1666
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Abies balsamea; allometry; biomass; canopy; carbon; environmental factors; evolution; forests; models; resource allocation; shade tolerance; species diversity; trees
Abstract:
... There is a lack of consensus in theoretical and empirical literature on whether height–diameter (H:D) relationships of canopy trees are asymptotic. To investigate H:D allometry, particularly in the transition to the canopy, we focused on shade‐tolerant Abies balsamea, across steep physical gradients associated with elevation, and correlated biotically generated gradients of stem density, canopy he ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2745.12465

49. Automated image-based analysis of spatio-temporal fungal dynamics

Author:
G. Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun; J.M. Baetens; J. Van den Bulcke; C. Lopez-Molina; I. De Windt; B. De Baets
Source:
Fungal genetics and biology 2015 v.84 pp. 12-25
ISSN:
1087-1845
Subject:
ecosystems; evolution; fractal dimensions; fungi; hyphae; image analysis; mathematical theory; microbial growth; mycelium; space and time
Abstract:
... Due to their ability to grow in complex environments, fungi play an important role in most ecosystems and have for that reason been the subject of numerous studies. Some of the main obstacles to the study of fungal growth are the heterogeneity of growth environments and the limited scope of laboratory experiments.Given the increasing availability of image capturing techniques, a new approach lies ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fgb.2015.09.004

50. Backed point experiments for identifying mechanically-delivered armatures

Author:
Katsuhiro Sano; Masayoshi Oba
Source:
Journal of archaeological science 2015 v.63 pp. 13-23
ISSN:
0305-4403
Subject:
archaeology; cognition; evolution; humans; morphometry
Abstract:
... The emergence of mechanically-delivered armatures was a crucial event in human evolution, indicating technological and cognitive advances. Morphometric analysis has been the most commonly employed method to explore this subject. While a morphometric analysis can demonstrate a potential capability as a projectile, it is inevitable that the analyzed sample includes artifacts that were not used as hu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2015.08.005

51. Bacterial genome evolution in superspecies systems: An approach to the reconstruction of symbiogenesis processes

Author:
N. A. Provorov; I. A. Tikhonovich
Source:
Russian journal of genetics 2015 v.51 no.4 pp. 377-385
ISSN:
1022-7954
Subject:
Cyanobacteria; alpha-Proteobacteria; bacteria; chromosomes; cytosol; eukaryotic cells; evolution; gene transfer; horizontal gene transfer; hosts; microsymbionts; multigene family; nuclear genome; organelles; plasmids; proteomics; symbiosis
Abstract:
... Bacteria form a broad spectrum of symbioses with eukaryotes. This permits reconstruction of the symbiogenesis processes providing the transformation of free-living microorganisms into cellular organelles. In ecologically (conditionally) obligate symbioses, an increase in the size and complexity of the bacterial genome structure was observed. This was associated with segregation of the regions cont ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1022795414080043

52. Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper: diverse Xanthomonas species with a wide variety of virulence factors posing a worldwide challenge

Author:
Neha Potnis; Sujan Timilsina; Amanda Strayer; Deepak Shantharaj; Jeri D. Barak; Mathews L. Paret; Gary E. Vallad; Jeffrey B. Jones
Source:
Molecular plant pathology 2015 v.16 no.9 pp. 907-920
ISSN:
1464-6722
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; Capsicum frutescens; Solanum lycopersicum; Xanthomonas gardneri; Xanthomonas vesicatoria; bacteria; breeding; chemical control; crop production; disease control; durability; evolution; flagellum; genome; genotype; host range; hot peppers; pathogens; pepper; plant anatomy; temperature; tomatoes; virulence; Africa; Canada; Europe; South America; United States
Abstract:
... TAXONOMIC STATUS: Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans and Xanthomonas gardneri. MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped bacterium, aerobic, motile, single polar flagellum. HOST RANGE: Causes bacterial spot disease ...
DOI:
10.1111/mpp.12244
PubMed:
25649754
PubMed Central:
PMC6638463

53. Bacteriophage-mediated spread of bacterial virulence genes

Author:
José R Penadés; John Chen; Nuria Quiles-Puchalt; Nuria Carpena; Richard P Novick
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2015 v.23 pp. 171-178
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
DNA; bacteria; bacteriophages; biosphere; evolution; gene transfer; genes; interspersed repetitive sequences; pathogens; virulence
Abstract:
... Bacteriophages are types of viruses that infect bacteria. They are the most abundant and diverse entities in the biosphere, and influence the evolution of most bacterial species by promoting gene transfer, sometimes in unexpected ways. Although pac-type phages can randomly package and transfer bacterial DNA by a process called generalized transduction, some mobile genetic elements have developed e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.019

54. Baculoviruses: diversity, evolution and manipulation of insects

Author:
Motoko Ikeda; Rina Hamajima; Michihiro Kobayashi
Source:
Entomological science 2015 v.18 no.1 pp. 1-20
ISSN:
1343-8786
Subject:
Baculoviridae; arthropods; circular DNA; evolution; gene therapy; gene transfer; genes; insects; pesticides; protein synthesis; proteins; screening; vaccines; viruses
Abstract:
... Baculoviruses, members of the family Baculoviridae, are large, enveloped viruses that contain a double‐stranded circular DNA genome of 80–180 kbp, encoding 90–180 putative proteins. These viruses are exclusively pathogenic for arthropods, particularly insects, and have been developed, or are being developed, as environmentally sound pesticides and eukaryotic vectors for foreign protein expression, ...
DOI:
10.1111/ens.12105

55. Balancing selection and recombination drive genetic variation at MHC class I genes in the giant panda

Author:
Fang-Jian Yu; Ying Zhu; Tie-Yi Xiong; Qiu-Hong Wan; He-Min Zhang
Source:
Science bulletin 2015 v.60 pp. 136-138
ISSN:
2095-9273
Subject:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca; adaptive immunity; evolution; exons; genetic drift; genetic recombination; genetic variation; haplotypes; introns; loci; major histocompatibility complex; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a family of highly polymorphic genes activating adaptive immunity in vertebrates. However, the underlying mechanism of MHC evolution is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated genetic variation of three classical MHC class I genes in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and tested for selection effect and recombination event across e ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11434-014-0686-7

56. Banded mongooses avoid inbreeding when mating with members of the same natal group

Author:
Jennifer L. Sanderson; Jinliang Wang; Emma I. K. Vitikainen; Michael A. Cant; Hazel J. Nichols
Source:
Molecular ecology 2015 v.24 no.14 pp. 3738-3751
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Mungos mungo; evolution; females; inbreeding; inbreeding depression; kin recognition; males; mammals; mating behavior; paternity; philopatry; probability; random mating
Abstract:
... Inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance are key factors in the evolution of animal societies, influencing dispersal and reproductive strategies which can affect relatedness structure and helping behaviours. In cooperative breeding systems, individuals typically avoid inbreeding through reproductive restraint and/or dispersing to breed outside their natal group. However, where groups contain multiple p ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13253
PubMed:
26095171
PubMed Central:
PMC5008155

57. Bayes’ rule and bias roles in the evolution of decision making

Author:
Sergio Castellano
Source:
Behavioral ecology 2015 v.26 no.1 pp. 282-292
ISSN:
1045-2249
Subject:
cognition; evolution; models
Abstract:
... Lay Summary Behavior is flexible and flexibility depends on the cognitive mechanisms of decision making, which are often biased and sometimes irrational. From formal models of optimal (but biologically implausible) computation, I derive a simple, versatile and biologically plausible decision mechanism, which values options as deviations from an expected standard, weighted by assessment accuracy. I ...
DOI:
10.1093/beheco/aru188

58. Beauty in the eyes of the beholders: colour vision is tuned to mate preference in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Author:
Benjamin Sandkam; C. Megan Young; Felix Breden
Source:
Molecular ecology 2015 v.24 no.3 pp. 596-609
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Poecilia reticulata; animals; color; color vision; evolution; females; genes; males; mating behavior; opsin; watersheds
Abstract:
... A broad range of animals use visual signals to assess potential mates, and the theory of sensory exploitation suggests variation in visual systems drives mate preference variation due to sensory bias. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a classic system for studies of the evolution of female mate choice, provide a unique opportunity to test this theory by looking for covariation in visual t ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13058

59. Bees use honest floral signals as indicators of reward when visiting flowers

Author:
A. C. Knauer; F. P. Schiestl; Rebecca Irwin
Source:
Ecology letters 2015 v.18 no.2 pp. 135-143
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Bombus terrestris; Brassica rapa; evolution; flowers; foraging; nectar; odors; phenylacetaldehyde; pollen; pollinators; sugars
Abstract:
... Pollinators visit flowers for rewards and should therefore have a preference for floral signals that indicate reward status, so called ‘honest signals’. We investigated honest signalling in Brassica rapa L. and its relevance for the attraction of a generalised pollinator, the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (L.). We found a positive association between reward amount (nectar sugar and pollen) and the ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.12386

60. Behavioural responses to predation may explain shifts in community structure

Author:
Edd Hammill; Trisha B. Atwood; Paloma Corvalan; Diane S. Srivastava
Source:
Freshwater biology 2015 v.60 no.1 pp. 125-135
ISSN:
0046-5070
Subject:
Culex; geographical distribution; Bromeliaceae; interspecific variation; risk; community structure; aquatic food webs; evolution; landscapes; tropics; Wyeomyia; predators; habitats; predation; ecosystems; insect larvae; surface water; Zygoptera; biogeography
Abstract:
... Predators exert a strong selective force on the ecosystems in which they exist, thereby altering the structure of ecological communities and leading to the evolution of prey defences. However, how interspecific differences in defence ability affect habitat partitioning amongst competing prey species remains unresolved. We examined how prey defences affect species distribution in a natural ecosyste ...
DOI:
10.1111/fwb.12475

61. Behavioural strategies associated with using an ephemeral roosting resource in Spix's disc-winged bat

Author:
B. Karina Montero; Erin H. Gillam
Source:
Animal behaviour 2015 v.108 pp. 81-89
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Chiroptera; acoustics; ecology; evolution; flight; leaves; roosting behavior; social behavior
Abstract:
... The limited availability of refuges may represent an important factor promoting the evolution of sociality, particularly in bats. Spix's disc-winged bats (Thyroptera tricolor) show highly specialized morphological adaptations that enable individuals to roost inside furled musoid leaves. This roosting ecology presents major challenges, as leaves rapidly unfurl, forcing bats to locate new roosts on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.07.014

62. Bi-objective analysis of water–sediment regulation for channel scouring and delta maintenance: A study of the lower Yellow River

Author:
Dongxian Kong; Chiyuan Miao; Jingwen Wu; Lin Jiang; Qingyun Duan
Source:
Global and Planetary Change 2015 v.133 pp. 27-34
ISSN:
0921-8181
Subject:
environmental protection; evolution; hydrologic data; pollution load; remote sensing; river deltas; sediment yield; sediments; stream channels; China; Yellow River
Abstract:
... Long-term hydrological data and remotely-sensed satellite images were used to analyze the effects of the water–sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) implemented in the lower Yellow River (LYR), China, between 1983 and 2013. The WSRS aimed to control channel scouring in the LYR and maintain the Yellow River Delta (YRD). Channel erosion in the LYR has primarily depended on the incoming sediment concentr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.007

63. Biallelic expression of Tssc4, Nap1l4, Phlda2 and Osbpl5 in adult cattle

Author:
MENGNAN WANG; DONGJIE LI; MINGYUE ZHANG; WENZHI YANG; GUOJIANG WU; YALI CUI; SHIJIE LI
Source:
Journal of genetics 2015 v.94 no.3 pp. 391-395
ISSN:
0022-1333
Subject:
adults; cattle; evolution; genes; genomic imprinting; heart; humans; kidneys; liver; mice; neoplasms; skeletal muscle; spleen; subcutaneous fat
Abstract:
... Genomic imprinting of the Cdkn1c/Kcnq1ot1 region shows lack of conservation between human and mouse. This region has been reported to be associated with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and cancer. To increase our understanding of imprinted genes in bovine Cdkn1c/Kcnq1ot1 imprinting cluster, we assessed the imprinting status of four cattle genes (Tssc4, Nap1l4, Phlda2 and Osbpl5) in seven types o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12041-015-0530-0

64. Biased Gene Conversion and GC-Content Evolution in the Coding Sequences of Reptiles and Vertebrates

Author:
Emeric Figuet; Marion Ballenghien; Jonathan Romiguier; Nicolas Galtier
Source:
Genome Biology and Evolution 2015 v.7 no.1 pp. 240-250
Subject:
Anolis carolinensis; alleles; birds; evolution; gene conversion; intergenic DNA; mammals; meiosis; proteins; reptiles; transcriptome; transposons
Abstract:
... Mammalian and avian genomes are characterized by a substantial spatial heterogeneity of GC-content, which is often interpreted as reflecting the effect of local GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC), a meiotic repair bias that favors G and C over A and T alleles in high-recombining genomic regions. Surprisingly, the first fully sequenced nonavian sauropsid (i.e., reptile), the green anole Anolis caroli ...
DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evu277
PubMed:
25527834
PubMed Central:
PMC4316630

65. The Bimodal Distribution of Genic GC Content Is Ancestral to Monocot Species

Author:
Yves Clément; Margaux-Alison Fustier; Benoit Nabholz; Sylvain Glémin
Source:
Genome Biology and Evolution 2015 v.7 no.1 pp. 336-348
Subject:
Arecaceae; bananas; corn; evolution; genes; genomics; grasses; rice; transcriptome; yams
Abstract:
... In grasses such as rice or maize, the distribution of genic GC content is well known to be bimodal. It is mainly driven by GC content at third codon positions (GC3 for short). This feature is thought to be specific to grasses as closely related species like banana have a unimodal GC3 distribution. GC3 is associated with numerous genomics features and uncovering the origin of this peculiar distribu ...
DOI:
10.1093/gbe/evu278
PubMed:
25527839
PubMed Central:
PMC4316631

66. Bioeconomic consequences of fishing-induced evolution: a model predicts limited impact on net present value

Author:
Fabian Zimmermann; Christian Jørgensen
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2015 v.72 no.4 pp. 612-624
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
aquacultural and fisheries equipment; bioeconomics; demographic statistics; discount rate; evolution; life history; models; mortality; overfishing; stocking rate
Abstract:
... Fishing reduces stock size and shifts demographics, and selective mortality may also lead to evolutionary changes. Previous studies suggest that traits may change evolutionarily because of fishing on decadal time scales. Here we examine the potential bioeconomic impacts of fishing-induced evolutionary change. We used a life-history model with stock dynamics based on evolving maturation age, which ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2014-0006

67. Biological changes of transposable elements by radiation: recent progress

Author:
Jin-Han Bae; Jungwoo Eo; Tae-Oh Kim; Joo Mi Yi
Source:
Genes & genomics 2015 v.37 no.2 pp. 125-133
ISSN:
1976-9571
Subject:
evolution; gene activation; genes; genotoxicity; human diseases; humans; transposons
Abstract:
... Mobile genetic elements within genomes have been known to drive genome evolution in diverse ways. Since developing high-technology for whole-genome sequencing, many researchers have focused on not only how mobile genetic elements have affected the evolution of genes and their function, particularly of human and mammals, but also how these elements involve in gene activation or inactivation associa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13258-014-0256-z

68. Biological targets and mechanisms of action of natural products from marine cyanobacteria

Author:
Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes; Hendrik Luesch
Source:
Natural product reports 2015 v.32 no.3 pp. 478-503
ISSN:
1460-4752
Subject:
Cyanobacteria; cell viability; evolution; humans; mechanism of action; neoplasm cells; phenotype; proteomics; secondary metabolites
Abstract:
... Covering: up to 2014 Marine cyanobacteria are an ancient group of organisms and prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. These compounds are presumably optimized by evolution over billions of years to exert high affinity for their intended biological target in the ecologically relevant organism but likely also possess activity in different biological contexts such as human cells. Scr ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4np00104d
PubMed:
25571978
PubMed Central:
PMC4344435

69. Biophysical drivers of the carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges of a short-rotation poplar coppice

Author:
Terenzio Zenone; Milan Fischer; Nicola Arriga; Laura S. Broeckx; Melanie S. Verlinden; Stefan Vanbeveren; Donatella Zona; Reinhart Ceulemans
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2015 v.209-210 pp. 22-35
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
bioenergy; carbon; carbon dioxide; coppicing; correlation; deciduous forests; drought; ecosystem respiration; eddy covariance; energy; evaporation; evapotranspiration; evolution; heat; leaf area index; primary productivity; risk; stomatal movement; temporal variation; vapor pressure; water vapor; Belgium
Abstract:
... We used the eddy-covariance technique to measure the temporal dynamics and the relationships between leaf area index (LAI) and exchanges of carbon dioxide (CO2), latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) in a multi-genotype short-rotation poplar coppice (SRC) located in East-Flanders (Belgium). The study was carried out over four years (2010–2013) corresponding to the first two rotations of the plant ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.04.009

70. Biosensor-driven adaptive laboratory evolution of l-valine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Author:
Regina Mahr; Cornelia Gätgens; Jochem Gätgens; Tino Polen; Jörn Kalinowski; Julia Frunzke
Source:
Metabolic engineering 2015 v.32 pp. 184-194
ISSN:
1096-7176
Subject:
Corynebacterium glutamicum; alanine; biosensors; byproducts; evolution; flow cytometry; fluorescence; genes; loss-of-function mutation; metabolic engineering; metabolites; sequence analysis; transcription factors; urease; valine
Abstract:
... Adaptive laboratory evolution has proven a valuable strategy for metabolic engineering. Here, we established an experimental evolution approach for improving microbial metabolite production by imposing an artificial selective pressure on the fluorescent output of a biosensor using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cells showing the highest fluorescent output were iteratively isolated and (re-)c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ymben.2015.09.017

71. Biosynthetic routes of hydroxylated carotenoids (xanthophylls) in Marchantia polymorpha, and production of novel and rare xanthophylls through pathway engineering in Escherichia coli

Author:
Miho Takemura; Takashi Maoka; Norihiko Misawa
Source:
Planta 2015 v.241 no.3 pp. 699-710
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Marchantia polymorpha; alpha-carotene; antheraxanthin; beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin; biosynthesis; embryophytes; engineering; enzymes; evolution; genes; hydroxylation; lutein; mosses and liverworts; neoxanthin; violaxanthin; zeaxanthin
Abstract:
... MAIN CONCLUSION : MpBHY codes for a carotene β-ring 3(,3′)-hydroxylase responsible for both zeaxanthin and lutein biosynthesis in liverwort. MpCYP97C functions as an ε-ring hydroxylase (zeinoxanthin 3′-hydroxylase) to produce lutein in liverwort. Xanthophylls are oxygenated or hydroxylated carotenes that are most abundant in the light-harvesting complexes of plants. The plant-type xanthophylls con ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-014-2213-0

72. Birth of the eukaryotes by a set of reactive innovations: New insights force us to relinquish gradual models

Author:
Dave Speijer
Source:
BioEssays 2015 v.37 no.12 pp. 1268-1276
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
adenosine triphosphate; endosymbionts; eukaryotic cells; evolution; genes; mitochondria; models
Abstract:
... Of two contending models for eukaryotic evolution the “archezoan“ has an amitochondriate eukaryote take up an endosymbiont, while “symbiogenesis“ states that an Archaeon became a eukaryote as the result of this uptake. If so, organelle formation resulting from new engulfments is simplified by the primordial symbiogenesis, and less informative regarding the bacterium‐to‐mitochondrion conversion. Gr ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.201500107

73. Bmp4 from the optic vesicle specifies murine retina formation

Author:
Jie Huang; Ying Liu; Alina Oltean; David C. Beebe
Source:
Developmental biology 2015 v.402 no.1 pp. 119-126
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
brain; chickens; embryo (animal); epithelium; evolution; genes; germ cells; mice; retina; signal transduction
Abstract:
... Previous studies of mouse embryos concluded that after the optic vesicle evaginates from the ventral forebrain and contacts the surface ectoderm, signals from the ectoderm specify the distal region of the optic vesicle to become retina and signals from the optic vesicle induce the lens. Germline deletion of Bmp4 resulted in failure of lens formation. We performed conditional deletion of Bmp4 from ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.006
PubMed:
25792196
PubMed Central:
PMC4523094

74. Book lung development in the embryo, postembryo and first instar of the cobweb spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum C. L Koch, 1841 (Araneomorphae, Theridiidae)

Author:
Roger D. Farley
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.4 pp. 355-377
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Merostomata; Parasteatoda tepidariorum; Scorpiones; air; cell death; electron microscopy; embryogenesis; evolution; extracellular space; gills; instars; lungs; secretory granules
Abstract:
... Light and electron microscopy were used to compare spider book lung development with earlier studies of the development of horseshoe crab book gills and scorpion book lungs. Histological studies at the beginning of the 20th century provided evidence that spider and scorpion book lungs begin with outgrowth of a few primary lamellae (respiratory furrows, saccules) from the posterior surface of opist ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.04.006

75. Botulinum neurotoxin homologs in non-Clostridium species

Author:
Michael J. Mansfield; Jeremy B. Adams; Andrew C. Doxey
Source:
FEBS letters 2015 v.589 no.3 pp. 342-348
ISSN:
0014-5793
Subject:
Clostridium; Weissella; botulinum toxin; botulism; evolution; fermentation; genes; proteinases; rice; tetanus
Abstract:
... Clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs) are the deadliest toxins known and the causative agents of botulism and tetanus. Despite their structural and functional complexity, no CNT homologs are currently known outside Clostridium. Here, we report the first homologs of Clostridium CNTs within the genome of the rice fermentation organism Weissella oryzae SG25. One gene in W. oryzae S25 encodes a protein with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.018

76. Boundary layer drag reduction research hypotheses derived from bio-inspired surface and recent advanced applications

Author:
Yuehao Luo; Lu Yuan; Jianhua Li; Jianshe Wang
Source:
Micron 2015 v.79 pp. 59-73
ISSN:
0968-4328
Subject:
dolphins; engineering; evolution; feet; industry; leaves; profits and margins; swimming; transportation; turbulent flow
Abstract:
... Nature has supplied the inexhaustible resources for mankind, and at the same time, it has also progressively developed into the school for scientists and engineers. Through more than four billions years of rigorous and stringent evolution, different creatures in nature gradually exhibit their own special and fascinating biological functional surfaces. For example, sharkskin has the potential drag- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micron.2015.07.006

77. Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in vivo infection modulates TLR4 responsiveness in differentiated myeloid cells which is associated with decreased MyD88 expression

Author:
Robert G. Schaut; Jodi L. McGill; John D. Neill; Julia F. Ridpath; Randy E. Sacco
Source:
Virus Research 2015 v.208 no. pp. 44-55
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
in vivo studies; signal transduction; cell differentiation; strains; macrophages; cytokines; bovine viral diarrhea; gene expression; mixed infection; gene expression regulation; bacterial infections; virulence; Toll-like receptor 4; evolution; Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2; stem cells; in vitro studies; calves; phosphoproteins; monocytes; viral proteins; Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1
Abstract:
... Symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection range from subclinical to severe, depending on strain virulence. Several in vitro studies showed BVDV infection impaired leukocyte function. Fewer studies have examined the effects of in vivo BVDV infection on monocyte/macrophage function, especially with strains of differing virulence. We characterized cytokine production by bovine myeloid ...
Handle:
10113/61256
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.017
CHORUS:
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.017
Chorus Open Access:
10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.017

78. Brain size affects female but not male survival under predation threat

Author:
Alexander Kotrschal; Séverine D. Buechel; Sarah M. Zala; Alberto Corral‐Lopez; Dustin J. Penn; Niclas Kolm; Gabriele Sorci
Source:
Ecology letters 2015 v.18 no.7 pp. 646-652
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Cichlidae; Poecilia reticulata; brain; cognition; evolution; females; male effect; males; predation; streams
Abstract:
... There is remarkable diversity in brain size among vertebrates, but surprisingly little is known about how ecological species interactions impact the evolution of brain size. Using guppies, artificially selected for large and small brains, we determined how brain size affects survival under predation threat in a naturalistic environment. We cohoused mixed groups of small‐ and large‐brained individu ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.12441
PubMed:
25960088
PubMed Central:
PMC4676298

79. Brains, brawn and sociality: a hyaena's tale

Author:
Kay E. Holekamp; Ben Dantzer; Gregory Stricker; Kathryn C. Shaw Yoshida; Sarah Benson-Amram
Source:
Animal behaviour 2015 v.103 pp. 237-248
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Crocuta crocuta; Hyaena; Primates; animal behavior; body size; carnivores; cognition; evolution; frontal lobe; mammals; prediction; problem solving; social behavior; zoos
Abstract:
... Theoretically intelligence should evolve to help animals solve specific types of problems posed by the environment, but it remains unclear how environmental complexity or novelty facilitates the evolutionary enhancement of cognitive abilities, or whether domain-general intelligence can evolve in response to domain-specific selection pressures. The social complexity hypothesis, which posits that in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.023
PubMed:
26160980
PubMed Central:
PMC4493912

80. Breeding systems in Tolpis (Asteraceae) in the Macaronesian islands: the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries

Author:
Daniel J. Crawford; Gregory J. Anderson; Lurdes Borges Silva; Miguel Menezes de Sequeira; Mónica Moura; Arnoldo Santos-Guerra; John K. Kelly; Mark E. Mort
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2015 v.301 no.8 pp. 1981-1993
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
Asteraceae; ancestry; evolution; heterozygosity; islands; population; seed set; selfing; Azores; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Plants on oceanic islands often originate from self-compatible (SC) colonizers capable of seed set by self-fertilization. This fact is supported by empirical studies, and is rooted in the hypothesis that one (or few) individuals could find a sexual population, whereas two or more would be required if the colonizers were self-incompatible (SI). However, a SC colonizer would have lower heterozygosit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-015-1210-5

81. Bridging the gaps: evolution and development of perianth fusion

Author:
Jinshun Zhong; Jill C. Preston
Source:
new phytologist 2015 v.208 no.2 pp. 330-335
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
corolla; evolution; flowering; genes
Abstract:
... 330 I. 330 II. 331 III. 332 IV. 333 334 References 334 SUMMARY: One of the most striking innovations in flower development is the congenital or postgenital union of petals (sympetaly) which has enabled dramatic specialization in flower structure and possibly accelerated speciation rates. Sympetalous flowers exhibit extraordinary variation in development, including the degree and timing of fusion, ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.13517

82. Budgett's frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis): A new amphibian embryo for developmental biology

Author:
Nirav M. Amin; Mandy Womble; Cristina Ledon-Rettig; Margaret Hull; Amanda Dickinson; Nanette Nascone-Yoder
Source:
Developmental biology 2015 v.405 no.2 pp. 291-303
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
Xenopus; early development; eggs; embryo (animal); embryogenesis; evolution; frogs; models; organogenesis; tadpoles; temperature
Abstract:
... The large size and rapid development of amphibian embryos has facilitated ground-breaking discoveries in developmental biology. Here, we describe the embryogenesis of the Budgett's frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis), an unusual species with eggs that are over twice the diameter of laboratory Xenopus, and embryos that can tolerate higher temperatures to develop into a tadpole four times more rapidly. In ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.007
PubMed:
26169245
PubMed Central:
PMC4670266

83. Building coral reef resilience through assisted evolution

Author:
Madeleine J. H. van Oppen; James K. Oliver; Hollie M. Putnam; Ruth D. Gates
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.8 pp. 2307-2313
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; chemistry; climate change; coral reefs; corals; evolution; genetic engineering; genetic improvement; humans; industrialization; marine ecosystems; plants (botany); risk; sea level; storms; stress tolerance; water temperature; wild animals
Abstract:
... The genetic enhancement of wild animals and plants for characteristics that benefit human populations has been practiced for thousands of years, resulting in impressive improvements in commercially valuable species. Despite these benefits, genetic manipulations are rarely considered for noncommercial purposes, such as conservation and restoration initiatives. Over the last century, humans have dri ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1422301112
PubMed:
25646461
PubMed Central:
PMC4345611

84. C-peptide evolution: Generation from few structural restrictions of bioactivities not necessarily functional

Author:
Michael Landreh; Hans Jörnvall
Source:
FEBS letters 2015 v.589 no.4 pp. 415-418
ISSN:
0014-5793
Subject:
bioactive properties; c-peptide; evolution; loss-of-function mutation
Abstract:
... The proinsulin C-peptide has molecular, cellular and organismal activities but lacks disease-associated mutations or short-term loss-of-function effects. This dilemma between activity and function may be explained from its evolutionary setting with insulin as an ancestral partner. The charge, approximate length and flexibility of C-peptide are all that is required for the insulin interactions, whi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.006

85. CaM and CML emergence in the green lineage

Author:
Xiaoyang Zhu; Christophe Dunand; Wayne Snedden; Jean-Philippe Galaud
Source:
Trends in plant science 2015 v.20 no.8 pp. 483-489
ISSN:
1360-1385
Subject:
embryophytes; algae; calcium; evolution; data collection; eukaryotic cells; Angiospermae; databases; calmodulin
Abstract:
... Calmodulin (CaM) is a well-studied calcium sensor that is ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and contributes to signaling during developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Among eukaryotes, plants have a remarkable variety of CaM-like proteins (CMLs). The expansion of genomic data sets offers the opportunity to explore CaM and CML evolution among the green lineage from algae to lan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.010

86. Camels, Cormorants, and Kangaroo Rats: Integration and Synthesis in Organismal Biology After World War II

Author:
Joel B. Hagen
Source:
Journal of the history of biology 2015 v.48 no.2 pp. 169-199
ISSN:
0022-5010
Subject:
Dipodomys; Phalacrocorax; animal behavior; biologists; camels; ecology; ecophysiology; evolution; molecular biology; traditions
Abstract:
... During the decades following World War II diverse groups of American biologists established a variety of distinctive approaches to organismal biology. Rhetorically, organismal biology could be used defensively to distinguish established research traditions from perceived threats from newly emerging fields such as molecular biology. But, organismal biologists were also interested in integrating bio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10739-015-9399-2

87. The Campylobacter jejuni RacRS system regulates fumarate utilization in a low oxygen environment

Author:
Anne‐Xander Stel; Andries Mourik; Linda Heijmen‐van Dijk; Craig T. Parker; David J. Kelly; Chris H. A. Lest; Jos P. M. Putten; Marc M. S. M. Wösten
Source:
Environmental microbiology 2015 v.17 no.4 pp. 1049-1064
ISSN:
1462-2912
Subject:
Campylobacter jejuni; aspartic acid; bacteria; deoxyribonucleases; electron transport chain; evolution; gastrointestinal system; genes; nitrates; oxygen; pathogen survival; pathogens; promoter regions; succinic acid; transcription factors
Abstract:
... The natural environment of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the gastrointestinal tract of warm‐blooded animals. In the gut, the availability of oxygen is limited; therefore, less efficient electron acceptors such as nitrate or fumarate are used by C. jejuni. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the highly branched respiratory chain of C. jejuni are still a mystery mainl ...
DOI:
10.1111/1462-2920.12476

88. Can a few non‐coding mutations make a human brain?

Author:
Lucía F. Franchini; Katherine S. Pollard
Source:
BioEssays 2015 v.37 no.10 pp. 1054-1061
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
brain; cell cycle; cognition; embryogenesis; evolution; humans; mutation; nervous system diseases; regulator genes; stem cells
Abstract:
... The recent finding that the human version of a neurodevelopmental enhancer of the Wnt receptor Frizzled 8 (FZD8) gene alters neural progenitor cell cycle timing and brain size is a step forward to understanding human brain evolution. The human brain is distinctive in terms of its cognitive abilities as well as its susceptibility to neurological disease. Identifying which of the millions of genomic ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.201500049
PubMed:
26350501
PubMed Central:
PMC5054932

89. Capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella, show no evidence for inequity aversion in a costly choice task

Author:
Katherine McAuliffe; Linda W. Chang; Kristin L. Leimgruber; Rebecca Spaulding; Peter R. Blake; Laurie R. Santos
Source:
Animal behaviour 2015 v.103 pp. 65-74
ISSN:
0003-3472
Subject:
Cebus; adults; animal behavior; children; evolution; humans; resource allocation
Abstract:
... Human adults and children respond negatively to inequity, even sacrificing personal gain to avoid both disadvantageous (more for you, less for me) and advantageous (more for me, less for you) resource allocations. Recent work has argued that some nonhuman animals share this response, but findings for inequity aversion outside of humans are controversial. Unfortunately, animals' negative responses ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.014

90. Celebrating DNA’s Repair Crew

Author:
Thomas A. Kunkel
Source:
Cell 2015 v.163 pp. 1301-1303
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
DNA; DNA repair; Nobel Prize; bacteria; chemistry; disease resistance; evolution; metabolism; researchers
Abstract:
... This year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar, and Paul Modrich for their seminal studies of the mechanisms by which cells from bacteria to man repair DNA damage that is generated by normal cellular metabolism and stress from the environment. These studies beautifully illustrate the remarkable power of DNA repair to influence life from evolution through dis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.028

91. Cell wall metabolism: the Yin and Yang of fruit postharvest biology

Author:
J. M. Labavitch; A. L. T. Powell; L. C. Greve; B. Blanco-Ulate; D. Cantu; A. R. Vicente
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 v. no.1079 pp. 27-40
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
tomatoes; metabolism; texture; postharvest technology; evolution; cell walls; seed dispersal; ripening; postharvest physiology; polysaccharides; Angiospermae; solubilization; pathogens
Abstract:
... For the fruit postharvest physiologist, discussions of cell wall metabolism initially bring to mind the processes associated with the fruit softening that occurs during ripening. Fruit softening traditionally has been equated to the series of apoplast-localized events that lead to textural changes, which are desired by most consumers. Among these events, the enzyme-catalyzed breakdown and solubili ...

92. Challenging the inbreeding hypothesis in a eusocial mammal: population genetics of the naked mole‐rat, Heterocephalus glaber

Author:
Colleen M. Ingram; Nicholas J. Troendle; Clare A. Gill; Stanton Braude; Rodney L. Honeycutt
Source:
Molecular ecology 2015 v.24 no.19 pp. 4848-4865
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Heterocephalus glaber; altruism; evolution; genetic relationships; geographical distribution; haplotypes; inbreeding; insects; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; models; mole rats; rivers
Abstract:
... The role of genetic relatedness in the evolution of eusociality has been the topic of much debate, especially when contrasting eusocial insects with vertebrates displaying reproductive altruism. The naked mole‐rat, Heterocephalus glaber, was the first described eusocial mammal. Although this discovery was based on an ecological constraints model of eusocial evolution, early genetic studies reporte ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13358

93. Changes in the distribution of lineage constellations of G2P[4] Rotavirus A strains detected in Japan over 32years (1980–2011)

Author:
Yen Hai Doan; Toyoko Nakagomi; Chantal Ama Agbemabiese; Osamu Nakagomi
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2015 v.34 pp. 423-433
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Rotavirus A; children; evolution; gastroenteritis; genes; genetic background; humans; Japan
Abstract:
... Rotavirus A (RVA) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Most human RVA strains are classified into three major genotype constellations: Wa-like, DS-1-like and AU-1-like. The evolution of G2P[4] strains possessing the DS-1-like genetic background was described in a few recent studies. However, the strains analyzed in these studies were almost exclusively the ones ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2015.05.026

94. Characterisation of alleles of the sucrose phosphate synthase gene family in sugarcane and their association with sugar-related traits

Author:
C. L. McIntyre; M. L. Goode; G. Cordeiro; P. Bundock; F. Eliott; R. J. Henry; R. E. Casu; G. D. Bonnett; K. S. Aitken
Source:
Molecular breeding 2015 v.35 no.3 pp. 286
ISSN:
1380-3743
Subject:
Saccharum officinarum; agronomic traits; alleles; chromosome mapping; cultivars; evolution; genetic markers; linkage groups; loci; parents; polyploidy; quantitative trait loci; single nucleotide polymorphism; sucrose; sucrose-phosphate synthase; sugarcane
Abstract:
... Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in the production of sucrose. Five SPS gene families have been identified in monocotyledonous plants including sugarcane. Using SPS family-specific primers to four of the five families (we had previously characterised the fifth gene family), an approximately 400-nt region was amplified from the parents of a sugarcane mapping population, namely the c ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11032-015-0286-5

95. Characterisation of an unusual telomere motif (TTTTTTAGGG)n in the plant Cestrum elegans (Solanaceae), a species with a large genome

Author:
Vratislav Peška; Petr Fajkus; Miloslava Fojtová; Martina Dvořáčková; Jan Hapala; Vojtěch Dvořáček; Pavla Polanská; Andrew R. Leitch; Eva Sýkorová; Jiří Fajkus
Source:
plant journal 2015 v.82 no.4 pp. 644-654
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Cestrum; DNA; chromosome breakage; eukaryotic cells; evolution; genome; haploidy; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; telomerase; telomeres
Abstract:
... The characterization of unusual telomere sequence sheds light on patterns of telomere evolution, maintenance and function. Plant species from the closely related genera Cestrum, Vestia and Sessea (family Solanaceae) lack known plant telomeric sequences. Here we characterize the telomere of Cestrum elegans, work that was a challenge because of its large genome size and few chromosomes (1C 9.76 pg; ...
DOI:
10.1111/tpj.12839

96. Characterisation of linkage disequilibrium patterns among intra‐gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in Vitis based on resequencing of 30 gene fragments

Author:
H.K. Li; Y.Z. Wan; C.J. Simon
Source:
Australian journal of grape and wine research 2015 v.21 no.2 pp. 319-330
ISSN:
1322-7130
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; breeding; correlation; data collection; evolution; genes; grapes; linkage disequilibrium; multidimensional scaling; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important tool in studies of genetics and evolution. In the cultivated species of Vitis vinifera, LD has been extensively surveyed; however, in other Vitis species, LD has not previously been reported. Patterns of LD in five populations of 48 Vitis species and 248 accessions were extensively characterised in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pa ...
DOI:
10.1111/ajgw.12128

97. Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale

Author:
Alexander I. Putman; Lane P. Tredway; Ignazio Carbone
Source:
Fungal genetics and biology 2015 v.81 pp. 25-40
ISSN:
1087-1845
Subject:
Rutstroemia; Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; evolution; fungi; genes; loci; mating systems; mating types; plant pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; California; Italy; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is a filamentous member of Ascomycota that causes dollar spot, the most economically important disease of turfgrass worldwide. We sequenced and characterized the mating-type (MAT) locus of four recently-collected contemporary strains causing dollar spot, four historical type strains used to describe the fungus, and three species of Rutstroemiaceae. Moreover, we ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fgb.2015.05.012

98. Characterization and modification of enzymes in the 2-ketoisovalerate biosynthesis pathway of Ralstonia eutropha H16

Author:
Jingnan Lu; Christopher J. Brigham; Jens K. Plassmeier; Anthony J. Sinskey
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2015 v.99 no.2 pp. 761-774
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
inhibitory concentration 50; microbiology; proteins; leucine; biosynthesis; valine; pyruvic acid; evolution; Cupriavidus necator; coenzyme A; biotechnology; acetolactate synthase; flavor; biofuels; isoleucine; mutants; value added; site-directed mutagenesis; enzyme activity; glucosinolates
Abstract:
... 2-Ketoisovalerate is an important cellular intermediate for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids as well as other important molecules, such as pantothenate, coenzyme A, and glucosinolate. This ketoacid can also serve as a precursor molecule for the production of biofuels, pharmaceutical agents, and flavor agents in engineered organisms, such as the betaproteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha. Th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-014-5965-3

99. Characterization of 12 Polymorphic SSR Markers in Veronica Subsect. Pentasepalae (Plantaginaceae) and Cross-Amplification in 10 Other Subgenera

Author:
López-González Noemí; Mayland-Quellhorst Eike; Pinto-Carrasco Daniel; Martínez-Ortega M. Montserrat
Source:
Applications in plant sciences 2015 v.3 no.10 pp. -
ISSN:
2168-0450
Subject:
Veronica; alleles; endangered species; evolution; gene flow; herbs; hybridization; loci; microsatellite repeats
Abstract:
... Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the perennial herbs of the diploid-polyploid complex Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae (Plantaginaceae) to investigate the role that hybridization has played in the evolution of the group, which includes several endangered species. Methods and Results: Twelve pairs of primers leading to polymorphic and readable markers were identified and ...
DOI:
10.3732/apps.1500059
PubMed:
26504682
PubMed Central:
PMC4610313

100. Characterization of Fusarium strains recovered from wheat with symptoms of head blight in Kentucky

Author:
S. Bec; T. Ward; M. Farman; K. O'Donnell; D. Hershman; D. Van Sanford; L. S. Vaillancourt
Source:
Plant disease 2015 v.99 no.11 pp. 1622-1632
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; Fusarium acuminatum; Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; Triticum aestivum; chemotypes; crop production; evolution; genetic markers; genetic variation; genotyping; greenhouse experimentation; head blight; minisatellite repeats; pathogens; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strains; telomeres; wheat; Indiana; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) members cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and small grains in the United States. The U.S. population is diverse and includes several genetically distinct local emergent subpopulations, some more aggressive and toxigenic than the majority population. Kentucky is a transition zone between the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern wheat ...
Handle:
10113/62322
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0610-RE