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You searched for: Publication Year 2015 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2015 Subject evolution Remove constraint Subject: evolution
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1. (GAA)n microsatellite as an indicator of the A genome reorganization during wheat evolution and domestication

Author:
Irina G. Adonina; Nikolay P. Goncharov; Ekaterina D. Badaeva; Ekaterina M. Sergeeva; Nadezhda V. Petrash; Elena A. Salina
Source:
Comparative cytogenetics 2015 v.9 no.4 pp. 533-547
ISSN:
1993-078X
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides; Triticum timopheevii; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; Triticum urartu; diploidy; domestication; evolution; genome; microsatellite repeats; nucleolus organizer region; polyploidy; wheat
Abstract:
... Although the wheat A genomes have been intensively studied over past decades, many questions concerning the mechanisms of their divergence and evolution still remain unsolved. In the present study we performed comparative analysis of the A genome chromosomes in diploid (Triticum urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, 1972, Triticum boeoticum Boissier, 1874 and Triticum monococcum Linnaeus, 1753) and polypl ...
DOI:
10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5120

2. 1 July 1858 and the 1844 essay: what Lyell and Hooker decided; and what Darwin did not want and did not know

Author:
Derek Partridge
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2015 v.116 no.1 pp. 247-251
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
evolution; publications; research
Abstract:
... Two ‘papers’ of Darwin's were read at the famous 1 July 1858 meeting of the Linnean Society: an excerpt from his 1844 essay and a summary of his theory, enclosed in an 1857 letter to Asa Gray. Quite apart from not selecting the essay excerpt, Darwin's letters appear to indicate that he definitely did not want, and hence did not expect, an excerpt from his 1844 essay to be included (and that he did ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12561

3. A 17-My-old whale constrains onset of uplift and climate change in east Africa

Author:
Henry Wichura; Louis L. Jacobs; Andrew Lin; Michael J. Polcyn; Fredrick K. Manthi; Dale A. Winkler; Manfred R. Strecker; Matthew Clemens
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.13 pp. 3910-3915
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Primates; Ziphiidae; climate change; climate models; dry environmental conditions; evolution; fossils; habitats; humans; immigration; isotopes; paleobotany; paleosolic soil types; rain; sea level; vegetation; whales; Kenya
Abstract:
... Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1421502112
PubMed:
25775586
PubMed Central:
PMC4386349

4. APOBEC3B expression in breast cancer reflects cellular proliferation, while a deletion polymorphism is associated with immune activation

Author:
David W. Cescon; Benjamin Haibe-Kains; Tak W. Mak
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.9 pp. 2841-2846
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
biomarkers; breast neoplasms; cell proliferation; data collection; evolution; gene overexpression; humans; patients; somatic mutation
Abstract:
... Genomic sequencing studies of breast and other cancers have identified patterns of mutations that have been attributed to the endogenous mutator activity of APOBEC3B (A3B), a member of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. A3B gene expression is increased in many cancers, but its upstream drivers remain undefined. Furthermore, there exists a common germ-line deletion polymorphism ( A3B ᵈᵉˡ ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1424869112
PubMed:
25730878
PubMed Central:
PMC4352793

5. Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats

Author:
Jonas Johansson Wensman; Ayman Samman; Anna Lindhe; Jean-Christophe Thibault; Louise Treiberg Berndtsson; Margaret J. Hosie
Source:
Acta veterinaria scandinavica 2015 v.57 no.1 pp. 86
ISSN:
1751-0147
Subject:
Feline calicivirus; antibodies; cats; evolution; humoral immunity; mutation; neutralization; respiratory tract diseases; vaccination; vaccines; Sweden
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats worldwide. Its characteristically high mutation rate leads to escape from the humoral immune response induced by natural infection and/or vaccination and consequently vaccines are not always effective against field isolates. Thus, there is a need to continuously investigate the ability of FCV vaccine ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13028-015-0178-z
PubMed:
26655039
PubMed Central:
PMC4676829

6. Abscission study during citrus fruit maturation in Corsica: unfavorable environmental conditions for fruit shedding

Author:
Hajer Khefifi; Mehdi Ben Mimoun; Raphael Morillon; Francois Luro
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2015 v. no.1065 pp. 1197-1201
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acidity; clementines; environmental factors; evolution; fruit drop; fruit maturity; fruit pulp; fruiting; hybrids; juices; mandarins; oranges; peduncle; ripening; sugars; total soluble solids; Corsica; Spain
Abstract:
... Citrus fruit development and ripening are complex processes involving physiological and biochemical changes that are under hormonal, nutritional and environmental control. One of the most evident phenomena in late maturation is shedding of ripe fruit. A study made in Spain on sweet oranges showed that fruit shedding was related to the increase of sugars content of fruit pulp juice. To investigate ...

7. Accelerated pathway evolution in mouse-like rodents involves cell cycle control

Author:
Alexander E. Vinogradov
Source:
Mammalian genome 2015 v.26 no.11-12 pp. 609-618
ISSN:
0938-8990
Subject:
Heterocephalus glaber; animal models; apoptosis; biomedical research; cell cycle; evolution; genes; guinea pigs; hamsters; humans; immunity; messenger RNA; mice; mole rats; protein degradation; rats; signal transduction; stem cells
Abstract:
... Rodents include both the cancer-susceptible short-lived mouse and the two unrelated cancer-resistant long-lived mole-rats. In this work, their genomes were analyzed with the goal to reveal pathways enriched in genes, which are more similar between the mole-rats than between the mouse and the naked mole-rat. The pathways related to cell cycle control were prominent. They include external signal tra ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00335-015-9605-8

8. Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting, Herbicide-Resistant Rice Flatsedge (Cyperus iria): Cross-Resistance and Molecular Mechanism of Resistance

Author:
Riar Dilpreet S.; Tehranchian Parsa; Norsworthy Jason K.; Nandula Vijay; McElroy Scott; Srivastava Vibha; Chen Shu; Bond Jason A.; Scott Robert C.
Source:
Weed science 2015 v.63 no.4 pp. 748-757
ISSN:
0043-1745
Subject:
2,4-D; Cyperus iria; Oryza sativa; acetolactate synthase; amino acid substitution; bentazon; bispyribac-sodium; cross resistance; evolution; genes; halosulfuron; herbicide resistance; imazamox; lethal dose 50; malathion; metabolism; mortality; propanil; resistance mechanisms; rice; weeds; Arkansas; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Overuse of acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in rice has led to the evolution of halosulfuron-resistant rice flatsedge in Arkansas and Mississippi. Resistant accessions were cross-resistant to labeled field rates of ALS-inhibiting herbicides from four different families, in comparison to a susceptible (SUS) biotype. Resistance index of Arkansas and Mississippi accessions based on a ...
DOI:
10.1614/WS-D-15-00014.1

9. Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance in seeds: from experimental model to biological relevance

Author:
Bas J. W. Dekkers; Maria Cecilia D. Costa; Julio Maia; Leónie Bentsink; Wilco Ligterink; Henk W. M. Hilhorst
Source:
Planta 2015 v.241 no.3 pp. 563-577
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Medicago truncatula; Nematoda; arid lands; bacteria; dormancy; drought tolerance; evolution; fungi; germination; models; seedlings; seeds; tissues
Abstract:
... MAIN CONCLUSION : Besides being an important model to study desiccation tolerance, the induction of desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds may also play an ecological role in seedling establishment. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is the ability of certain organisms to survive extreme water losses without accumulation of lethal damage. This was a key feature in the conquering of dry land and is curr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-014-2240-x

10. Activation of the σᴱ-Dependent Stress Pathway by Conjugative TraR May Anticipate Conjugational Stress

Author:
Elicia D. Grace; Saumya Gopalkrishnan; Mary E. Girard; Matthew D. Blankschien; Wilma Ross; Richard L. Gourse; Christophe Herman
Source:
Journal of bacteriology 2015 v.197 no.5 pp. 924-931
ISSN:
0021-9193
Subject:
DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Escherichia coli; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacteria; biosynthesis; evolution; fimbriae; horizontal gene transfer; pathogens; plasmids; protein folding; proteinases; signal transduction; stress response; virulence
Abstract:
... Horizontal gene transfer by conjugation plays a major role in bacterial evolution, allowing the acquisition of new traits, such as virulence and resistance to antibacterial agents. With the increased antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens, a better understanding of how bacteria modulate conjugation under changing environments and the genetic factors involved is needed. Despite the evolutiona ...
DOI:
10.1128/JB.02279-14
PubMed:
25535270
PubMed Central:
PMC4325106

11. Adaptation of aquatic insects to the current flow in streams

Author:
Rupert Mazzucco; Tuyen Van Nguyen; Dong-Hwan Kim; Tae-Soo Chon; Ulf Dieckmann
Source:
Ecological modelling 2015 v.309-310 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
adults; aquatic insects; environmental factors; evolution; flight; habitats; models; rivers; streams; water flow
Abstract:
... Water velocity is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the survival of aquatic insects in rivers and streams. The unidirectional water flow shaping their habitat and characteristically dividing it into alternating zones of high and low water velocity (riffles and pools) also imposes on them the special necessity to adapt to continual downstream drift. Here, we analyze an individua ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.04.019

12. Adaptation of flowering phenology and fitness-related traits across environmental gradients in the widespread Campanula rotundifolia

Author:
Veronica Preite; Jürg Stöcklin; Georg F. J. Armbruster; J. F. Scheepens
Source:
Evolutionary ecology 2015 v.29 no.2 pp. 249-267
ISSN:
0269-7653
Subject:
Campanula rotundifolia; climatic factors; evolution; flowering; global warming; growing season; latitude; phenology; phenotypic plasticity; Alps region; Central European region; Netherlands; Scandinavia; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Plant populations need to adjust to climate warming through phenotypic plasticity or evolution of trait means. We performed a common-garden experiment with European populations of Campanula rotundifolia to investigate current adaptation in fitness-related traits and the potential for future adaptation. The common garden was situated in Switzerland and contained plants from 18 populations from four ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10682-015-9754-y

13. Adaptive laboratory evolution of ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis strain tolerant to furfural and acetic acid inhibitors

Author:
Zong-Xia Shui; Han Qin; Bo Wu; Zhi-yong Ruan; Lu-shang Wang; Fu-Rong Tan; Jing-Li Wang; Xiao-Yu Tang; Li-Chun Dai; Guo-Quan Hu; Ming-Xiong He
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2015 v.99 no.13 pp. 5739-5748
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
Zymomonas mobilis; acetic acid; acid tolerance; bioethanol; biorefining; cell growth; enzymes; ethanol; ethanol production; evolution; furfural; glucose; hydrolysates; lignocellulose; metabolic engineering; mutants
Abstract:
... Furfural and acetic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysates are the prevalent inhibitors to Zymomonas mobilis during cellulosic ethanol production. Developing a strain tolerant to furfural or acetic acid inhibitors is difficul by using rational engineering strategies due to poor understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) wa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00253-015-6616-z

14. Adaptive simplification and the evolution of gecko locomotion: Morphological and biomechanical consequences of losing adhesion

Author:
Timothy E. Higham; Aleksandra V. Birn-Jeffery; Clint E. Collins; C. Darrin Hulsey; Anthony P. Russell
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.3 pp. 809-814
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Gekkonidae; adhesion; biomechanics; evolution; locomotion; scientists
Abstract:
... Innovations permit the diversification of lineages, but they may also impose functional constraints on behaviors such as locomotion. Thus, it is not surprising that secondary simplification of novel locomotory traits has occurred several times among vertebrates and could potentially lead to exceptional divergence when constraints are relaxed. For example, the gecko adhesive system is a remarkable ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1418979112
PubMed:
25548182
PubMed Central:
PMC4311805

15. Adaptive virulence evolution: the good old fitness-based approach

Author:
Samuel Alizon; Yannis Michalakis
Source:
Trends in ecology & evolution 2015 v.30 no.5 pp. 248-254
ISSN:
0169-5347
Subject:
evolution; hosts; infectious diseases; parasites; virulence
Abstract:
... Infectious diseases could be expected to evolve towards complete avirulence to their hosts if given enough time. However, this is not the case. Often, virulence is maintained because it is linked to adaptive advantages to the parasite, a situation that is often associated with the hypothesis known as the transmission–virulence trade-off hypothesis. Here, we argue that this hypothesis has three lim ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tree.2015.02.009

16. Advances in the study of bat flight: the wing and the wind1

Author:
S.M. Swartz; N. Konow
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 2015 v.93 no.12 pp. 977-990
ISSN:
1480-3283
Subject:
Chiroptera; aerodynamics; evolution; flight; habitats; mammals; wings
Abstract:
... Bats are diverse, speciose, and inhabit most of earth’s habitats, aided by powered flapping flight. The many traits that enable flight in these mammals have long attracted popular and research interest, but recent technological and conceptual advances have provided investigators with new kinds of information concerning diverse aspects of flight biology. As a consequence of these new data, our unde ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjz-2015-0117

17. Aeolian sediments evolution controlled by fluvial processes, climate change and human activities since LGM in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Author:
LuPeng Yu; ZhongPing Lai; Ping An; Tong Pan; QiuFang Chang
Source:
Quaternary International 2015 v.372 pp. 23-32
ISSN:
1040-6182
Subject:
basins; climate change; dune sand; evolution; habitats; humans; loess; luminescence; monsoon season; summer; China
Abstract:
... Aeolian sediments are widely distributed in the eastern Qaidam Basin (QB), the main habitats for human in the hyper-arid basin during the Holocene, especially since 3 ka. The evolution of aeolian sediments is an important factor for the environmental change, and influence human activities and migration. However, many questions, e.g., when the aeolian sediments start to accumulate, what controls th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.043

18. Aldehydes and sugars from evolved precometary ice analogs: Importance of ices in astrochemical and prebiotic evolution

Author:
Pierre de Marcellus; Cornelia Meinert; Iuliia Myrgorodska; Laurent Nahon; Thomas Buhse; Louis Le Sergeant d’Hendecourt; Uwe J. Meierhenrich
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 v.112 no.4 pp. 965-970
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
aldehydes; amino acids; ammonia; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; evolution; ice; methanol; organic matter; prebiotics; sugars; water
Abstract:
... Evolved interstellar ices observed in dense protostellar molecular clouds may arguably be considered as part of precometary materials that will later fall on primitive telluric planets, bringing a wealth of complex organic compounds. In our laboratory, experiments reproducing the photo/thermochemical evolution of these ices are routinely performed. Following previous amino acid identifications in ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1418602112
PubMed:
25583475
PubMed Central:
PMC4313837

19. Allelic variation in the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 domestication genes in natural grapevine populations (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris)

Author:
D. Carrasco; G. De Lorenzis; D. Maghradze; E. Revilla; A. Bellido; O. Failla; R. Arroyo-García
Source:
Plant systematics and evolution 2015 v.301 no.6 pp. 1613-1624
ISSN:
0378-2697
Subject:
Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris; Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera; alleles; anthocyanins; color; cultivars; domestication; evolution; genetic variation; haplotypes; loci; point mutation; small fruits; table grapes; table wines; transcription factors; wine grapes; wine quality; Iberian Peninsula; Italy; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Grape skin color is among the most important qualitative traits on which selection is based in wine and table grape breeding programmes. Skin color is determined by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins. In prior work on cultivated forms, it was shown that polymorphisms in the grape transcription factor family VvMYBA are responsible for anthocyanin content variation in the berries of cultiv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00606-014-1181-y

20. Along the Axis between Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity; Principles Conserved in Evolution from Fish to Mammals

Author:
Takuya Yamaguchi; Fumio Takizawa; Uwe Fischer; Johannes M. Dijkstra
Source:
Biology 2015 v.4 no.4 pp. 814-859
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
Lepisosteus oculatus; T-lymphocytes; cytotoxicity; evolution; fish; genes; gills; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; immunity; interleukin-3; interleukin-4; interleukin-5; loci; macrophages; mammals; models; neoplasms; phenotype; tissues; uterus
Abstract:
... A phenomenon already discovered more than 25 years ago is the possibility of naïve helper T cells to polarize into TH1 or TH2 populations. In a simplified model, these polarizations occur at opposite ends of an “immune 1-2 axis” (i1-i2 axis) of possible conditions. Additional polarizations of helper/regulatory T cells were discovered later, such as for example TH17 ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology4040814
PubMed:
26593954
PubMed Central:
PMC4690019