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1. 15. Control of ice formation in biological samples

Author:
Ido Braslavsky
Source:
Cryobiology 2015 v.71 no.1 pp. 168
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
binding proteins; cooling; cryopreservation; crystallization; crystals; energy; gases; ice; ice nucleation; liquids; melting; melting point; metabolism; osmotic stress; solidification; solutes; sonication; supercooling; temperature; tissues; viscosity; vitrification; water content
Abstract:
... Lowering the temperature of a biological sample reduces the pace of biochemical metabolism and ultimately stops it altogether. This process, in combination with rewarming the sample with minimal tissue damage, is the essence of cryopreservation. A key obstacle to successful cryopreservation is that, as the biological material is cooled, liquid water within the sample may reorganize into a more sta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.05.021

2. The AHA Moment: Assessment of the Redox Stability of Ionic Liquids Based on Aromatic Heterocyclic Anions (AHAs) for Nuclear Separations and Electric Energy Storage

Author:
Shkrob Ilya A.; Marin Timothy W.
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2015 v.119 no.46 pp. 14766-14779
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
gases; chemical elements; energy; fluorides; metal ions; electrochemistry; anions; chemical bonding; oxidative stability; electric power; benzene; ionic liquids; batteries
Abstract:
... Because of their extended conjugated bond network, aromatic compounds generally have higher redox stability than less saturated compounds. We conjectured that ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of aromatic heterocyclic anions (AHAs) may exhibit improved radiation and electrochemical stability. Such properties are important in applications of these ILs as diluents in radionuclide separations and electr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09057

3. Ab initio investigations on the gas phase basicity and nonlinear optical properties of FLiₙOH species (n = 2–5)

Author:
Ambrish Kumar Srivastava; Neeraj Misra
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.91 pp. 74206-74211
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
alkalis; energy; gases; hydroxides; ionization; optical properties; salts; synthesis
Abstract:
... Superalkalies, due to lower ionization potentials than alkalies, possess potential reducing capability and can be used in the synthesis of a variety of charge transfer salts. In order to check whether superalkali hydroxides are as basic as a typical alkali hydroxide, we have performed a systematic investigation on the hydroxides of small FLiₙ (n = 2–5) superalkali clusters. The equilibrium structu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra14735b

4. Ab initio prediction of the equilibrium shape of supported Ag nanoparticles on α-Al2O3(0001)

Author:
Mónica García-Mota; Michael Rieger; Karsten Reuter
Source:
Journal of catalysis 2015 v.321 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0021-9517
Subject:
additives; aluminum oxide; contact angle; epoxidation reactions; ethylene; gases; geometry; hydroxylation; nanosilver; prediction; screening; silver; thermodynamics; variance
Abstract:
... We combine first-principles atomistic thermodynamics with a Wulff–Kaichew construction to determine the equilibrium shape of Ag particles supported on α-Al2O3(0001) under gas-phase conditions representative for ethylene epoxidation. The formation of three-dimensional truncated octahedra is predicted for both the Al-terminated (AlO3Al-R) and the fully hydroxylated O-terminated (H3O3Al-R) alumina su ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcat.2014.10.009

5. Absorption and recovery of n-hexane in aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon surfactants

Author:
Xiao Xiao; Bo Yan; Jiamo Fu; Xianming Xiao
Source:
Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015 v.37 pp. 163-171
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
absorption; air pollution; aqueous solutions; distillation; gases; heat; hexane; human health; organic production; perfluorocarbons; solubilization; solvents; surfactants
Abstract:
... n-Hexane is widely used in industrial production as an organic solvent. As an industrial exhaust gas, the contribution of n-hexane to air pollution and damage to human health are attracting increasing attention. In the present study, aqueous solutions of two fluorocarbon surfactants (FSN100 and FSO100) were investigated for their properties of solubilization and dynamic absorption of n-hexane, as ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.023

6. Access to pure and highly volatile hydrochalcogenide ionic liquids

Author:
L. H. Finger; F. Wohde; E. I. Grigoryev; A.-K. Hansmann; R. Berger; B. Roling; J. Sundermeyer
Source:
Chemical communications 2015 v.51 no.90 pp. 16169-16172
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chemical reactions; gases; hydrogen sulfide; imidazoles; ionic liquids; organic salts; sublimation; volatilization
Abstract:
... The reaction of methylcarbonate ionic liquids with H₂S or H₂Se offers a highly selective synthesis of analytically pure, well-defined and soluble hydrosulphide and hydroselenide organic salts of general interest. Among them, imidazolium hydrochalcogenides show an astonishingly high volatility for cation-aprotic ILs, which allows their quantitative sublimation below 100 °C/10⁻² mbar and actually re ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5cc06224a

7. Acid‐catalysed glucose dehydration in the gas phase: a mass spectrometric approach

Author:
Andreina Ricci; Brunella Di Rienzo; Federico Pepi; Anna Troiani; Stefania Garzoli; Pierluigi Giacomello
Source:
Journal of mass spectrometry 2015 v.50 no.1 pp. 228-234
ISSN:
1076-5174
Subject:
biomass; cellulose; gases; glucose; hemicellulose; hydroxymethylfurfural; industry; ions; levulinic acid; lignocellulose; mass spectrometry; sustainable development; xylose
Abstract:
... Understanding on a molecular level the acid‐catalysed decomposition of the sugar monomers from hemicellulose and cellulose (e.g. glucose, xylose), the main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass is very important to increase selectivity and reaction yields in solution, key steps for the development of a sustainable renewable industry. In this work we reported a gas‐phase study performed by electro ...
DOI:
10.1002/jms.3525

8. Acylamido-Based Anion-Functionalized Ionic Liquids for Efficient SO2 Capture through Multiple-Site Interactions

Author:
Cui Guokai; Zhang Fengtao; Zhou Xiuyuan; Huang Yanjie; Xuan Xiaopeng; Wang Jianji
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2015 v.3 no.9 pp. 2264-2270
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; absorption; gases; ionic liquids; nitrogen; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; sulfur dioxide
Abstract:
... Acid gases such as SO₂ can be absorbed by ionic liquids (ILs) because of their unique properties. In this work, we developed a new approach for improving SO₂ absorption by novel acylamido-based anion-functionalized ILs. Several kinds of such ILs with different structures of acylamido group (anionic acylamide) were designed, prepared, and used for efficient capture of SO₂. It was shown that these a ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00526

9. Addition of the Sulfur Dioxide Group (SO2), the Oxygen Group (O2), and the Nitric Oxide Group (NO) to the E-PPR78 Model

Author:
Xu Xiaochun; Privat Romain; Jaubert Jean-Noël
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2015 v.54 no.38 pp. 9494-9504
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
alkenes; argon (noble gases); carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; carbon sequestration; engineering; enthalpy; equations; gases; heat; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; mixing; models; nitric oxide; nitrogen; oxygen; sulfur dioxide; thiols
Abstract:
... The E-PPR78 model is a predictive version of the widely used Peng–Robinson equation of state in which the binary interaction parameters are estimated by a group-contribution method. With the 24 groups available before the writing of this paper, such a model could be used to predict fluid phase equilibrium of systems containing hydrocarbons, permanent gases (CO₂, N₂, H₂S, H₂, CO, He, and Ar), merca ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02639

10. Addressing the CO2 emissions of the world's largest coal producer and consumer: Lessons from the Haishiwan Coalfield, China

Author:
Wei Li; Paul L. Younger; Yuanping Cheng; Baoyong Zhang; Hongxing Zhou; Qingquan Liu; Tao Dai; Shengli Kong; Kan Jin; Quanlin Yang
Source:
Energy 2015 v.80 pp. 400-413
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; coal; energy; gases; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; labor force; mining; models; oil shale; China
Abstract:
... China is now the world's largest user of coal, and also has the highest greenhouse gas emissions associated with the mining and use of coal. In the mining sector, the interests of workforce safety coincide with those of GHG (greenhouse gas) management. While the traditional approach to ensuring workforce safety in coal mines was simply to vent the hazardous gases to the atmosphere, thus increasing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.081

11. Adsorption and Desorption of Water in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica with Different Pore Dimensions

Author:
Hwang Junho; Kataoka Sho; Endo Akira; Daiguji Hirofumi
Source:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015 v.119 no.46 pp. 26171-26182
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
adsorption; desorption; equations; evaporation; gases; gravimetry; hysteresis; mass transfer; porous media; relative humidity; silica; water uptake
Abstract:
... We have investigated the adsorption and desorption of water in two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous silica (MPS) with three different pore dimensions. All the adsorption–desorption isotherms exhibited type V behavior with significant hysteresis. Hysteresis was observed in the transient region between the layer adsorption state and the pore filling state, where capillary condensation and evaporatio ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08564

12. Adsorption and transport of methane in landfill cover soil amended with waste-wood biochars

Author:
Bala Yamini Sadasivam; Krishna R. Reddy
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2015 v.158 pp. 11-23
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
adsorption; biochar; biodegradation; carbon dioxide; emissions; environmental factors; gases; hardwood; heat; kinetics; landfills; methane; methanotrophs; models; oxidation; soil; soil amendments; sorption isotherms; temperature; waste wood; water content; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... The natural presence of methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in landfill soils can stimulate the bio-chemical oxidation of CH4 to CO2 and H2O under suitable environmental conditions. This mechanism can be enhanced by amending the landfill cover soil with organic materials such as biochars that are recalcitrant to biological degradation and are capable of adsorbing CH4 while facilitating the growth and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.032

13. Adsorption of Bitumen Model Compounds on Kaolinite in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvents: A Study by Periodic Density Functional Theory and Molecular Theory of Solvation

Author:
Lage Mateus Ribeiro; Stoyanov Stanislav R.; Carneiro José Walkimar de Mesquita; Dabros Tadek; Kovalenko Andriy
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 2853-2863
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
adsorption; aluminum hydroxide; bitumen; carbon dioxide; chemical elements; desorption; energy; gases; geometry; hydrogen bonding; hydrophobic bonding; kaolinite; methodology; models; naphthalene; oil sands; oils; solvents; temperature; thermodynamics; van der Waals forces
Abstract:
... The geometry of phenanthridine, benzothiophene, tetralin, and naphthalene representative of the heterocyclic, naphthenic, and aromatic components of bitumen adsorbed on kaolinite is optimized using density functional theory and periodic boundary conditions in gas phase. These bitumen model compounds preferentially adsorb on the aluminum hydroxide surface of kaolinite with energy decreasing in the ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef502202q

14. Advanced Structural Analysis of Nanoporous Materials by Thermal Response Measurements

Author:
Oschatz Martin; Leistner Matthias; Nickel Winfried; Kaskel Stefan
Source:
Langmuir 2015 v.31 no.13 pp. 4040-4047
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; butanes; calorimetry; carbon; carbon dioxide; desorption; enthalpy; gases; models; nanopores; temperature
Abstract:
... Thermal response measurements based on optical adsorption calorimetry are presented as a versatile tool for the time-saving and profound characterization of the pore structure of porous carbon-based materials. This technique measures the time-resolved temperature change of an adsorbent during adsorption of a test gas. Six carbide and carbon materials with well-defined nanopore architecture includi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00490

15. Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Author:
Ping Ning; Xiangyu Wang
Source:
Frontiers of environmental science & engineering 2015 v.9 no.2 pp. 181-189
ISSN:
2095-2201
Subject:
carbon monoxide; chemical industry; engineering; gases; phosphorus; pollution; raw materials; recycling; value added
Abstract:
... Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw mat ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1

16. Advances in nanomaterial-assisted cataluminescence and its sensing applications

Author:
Lichun Zhang; Hongjie Song; Yingying Su; Yi Lv
Source:
Trends in analytical chemistry 2015 v.67 pp. 107-127
ISSN:
0165-9936
Subject:
catalytic activity; chemical analysis; gases; instrumentation; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... Cataluminescence (CTL) emitted on the surface of solid materials during a catalytic reaction is a very interesting phenomenon, which gives a novel, powerful tool for chemical analysis. Nanomaterial-assisted CTL is a promising transduction principle for gas sensing, and its main features of high sensitivity and long lifetime are also favorable for developing a wide array of analytical devices. This ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.008

17. Aero-dispersed mutagenicity attributed to particulate and semi volatile phase in an urban environment

Author:
Deborah Traversi; Evelina Festa; Cristina Pignata; Giorgio Gilli
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.124 pp. 163-169
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
Salmonella; air pollution; data collection; gases; genotoxicity; monitoring; mutagenicity; particulates; pollutants; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; urban areas
Abstract:
... Commonly the atmospheric pollution research is focussed on particulate indicators especially when mutagenicity was studied. On the other hand the volatile and semi-volatile compounds no adsorbed on to the particles can be genotoxic and mutagenic. Moreover some mutagenic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are present both in the particulate and in the gas-phase in according to che ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.033

18. Aerosol particle and trace gas emissions from earthworks, road construction, and asphalt paving in Germany: Emission factors and influence on local air quality

Author:
Peter Faber; Frank Drewnick; Stephan Borrmann
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.122 pp. 662-671
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; bitumen; combustion; dust emissions; emissions factor; gas emissions; gases; heat emissions; hydrocarbons; nitrogen content; nitrogen oxides; particulate emissions; particulates; road construction; roads; sawing; soil water; traffic; wind speed; Germany
Abstract:
... Aerosol emissions from construction sites have a strong impact on local air quality. The chemical and physical characteristics of particles and trace gases emitted by earthworks (excavation and loading of soil as well as traffic on unpaved roads) and road works (asphalt sawing, smashing, soil compacting, asphalt paving) have therefore been addressed in this study by using a mobile set-up of numero ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.036

19. Affinity ranking of peptide–polyphenol non-covalent assemblies by mass spectrometry approaches

Author:
Benoît Plet; Adéline Delcambre; Stéphane Chaignepain; Jean-Marie Schmitter
Source:
Tetrahedron 2015 v.71 pp. 3007-3011
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
amino acids; astringency; chemical reactions; chemical structure; energy; gases; humans; mass spectrometry; peptides; polyphenols; proteins
Abstract:
... Energy Resolved Mass Spectrometry of peptide-polyphenol complexes was used to characterize the affinity of a selection of 21 polyphenols for peptides from human salivary basic Proline Rich Proteins (PRPb) having variable lengths. The affinity scale determined in the gas phase for a 14 amino acid long peptide is in agreement with results obtained in the liquid phase with the same PRPb probe immobil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.015

20. Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems

Author:
Miguel A. Altieri; Clara I. Nicholls; Alejandro Henao; Marcos A. Lana
Source:
Agronomy for sustainable development 2015 v.35 no.3 pp. 869-890
ISSN:
1774-0746
Subject:
agroecosystems; agroforestry; animals; biodiversity; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; crop yield; cropping systems; disasters; drought; farmers; farms; food availability; food production; gases; genetic variation; germplasm; greenhouses; harvesting; hurricanes; insect pests; landscapes; organic matter; organic soils; pathogens; population dynamics; rural communities; soil management; surface temperature; surveys; traditional farming; water conservation; weeds
Abstract:
... Diverse, severe, and location-specific impacts on agricultural production are anticipated with climate change. The last IPCC report indicates that the rise of CO₂ and associated “greenhouse” gases could lead to a 1.4 to 5.8 °C increase in global surface temperatures, with subsequent consequences on precipitation frequency and amounts. Temperature and water availability remain key factors in determ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13593-015-0285-2

21. Air pollutant contamination and acidification of surface waters in the North York Moors, UK: Multi-proxy evidence from the sediments of a moorland pool

Author:
Richard W Battarbee; Simon Turner; Handong Yang; Neil L Rose; Peter M Smyntek; Paula J Reimer; Frank Oldfield; Vivienne J Jones; Roger J Flower; Kevin Roe; Ewan Shilland; Maarten Blaauw
Source:
Holocene v.25 no.1 pp. 226-237
ISSN:
1477-0911
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; acid deposition; acidification; air pollutants; air pollution; combustion; emissions; forests; fossil fuels; gases; heathlands; heavy metals; lakes; landscapes; pH; peat; pollen; sediments; soil; stable isotopes; sulfur; surface water; watersheds; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Despite the extensive geographical range of palaeolimnological studies designed to assess the extent of surface water acidification in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, little attention was paid to the status of surface waters in the North York Moors (NYM). In this paper, we present sediment core data from a moorland pool in the NYM that provide a record of air pollution contamination and surfa ...
DOI:
10.1177/0959683614556380

22. Air quality status and trends over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil as a result of emission control policies

Author:
Vanessa Silveira Barreto Carvalho; Edmilson Dias Freitas; Leila Droprinchinski Martins; Jorge Alberto Martins; Caroline Rosario Mazzoli; Maria de Fátima Andrade
Source:
Environmental Science and Policy 2015 v.47 pp. 68-79
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; cities; emissions; ethanol; gases; issues and policy; natural gas; ozone; particulates; pollutants; sugarcane; winter; Brazil
Abstract:
... Fourteen years of regulated air pollutants concentrations were analyzed in order to characterize the benefits of Brazil's emission control policies on air quality conditions and to evaluate the temporal patterns between 1996 and 2009 over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). MASP includes one of the largest cities in the world (São Paulo) and its light-duty vehicular fleet has a very importa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.11.001

23. Aluminium-rich Beta zeolite-supported platinum nanoparticles for the low-temperature catalytic removal of toluene

Author:
Chunyu Chen; Qinming Wu; Fang Chen; Ling Zhang; Shuxiang Pan; Chaoqun Bian; Xiaoming Zheng; Xiangju Meng; Feng-Shou Xiao
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.10 pp. 5556-5562
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; carbon dioxide; catalysts; catalytic activity; environmental protection; gases; nanoparticles; oxidation; platinum; potassium; temperature; toluene; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... The removal of volatile organic compounds is an important aspect of sustainability and environmental protection. Catalytic oxidation is one of the most efficient routes to achieve this. The K⁺ form of an aluminium-rich Beta zeolite-supported Pt nanoparticle (2.2 nm) [Pt/KBeta-seed-directed synthesis (SDS)] catalyst is very active for the low-temperature catalytic removal of toluene and results in ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ta06407k

24. Ambient air quality and emission characteristics in and around a non-recovery type coke oven using high sulphur coal

Author:
Jyotilima Saikia; Prasenjit Saikia; Ratan Boruah; Binoy K. Saikia
Source:
Science of the total environment 2015 v.530-531 pp. 304-313
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; alkali treatment; ammonia; carbonization; coal; gases; nitrogen dioxide; physicochemical properties; principal component analysis; sulfur; sulfur dioxide; India
Abstract:
... The objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of gaseous species and aerosols in and around a non-recovery type coke making oven using high sulphur coals. In this paper, physico-chemical properties of the feed coal sample are reported along with the collection and measurement of the emitted gases (SO2, NO2, and NH3) and aerosol particles (PM2.5, PM10) during the coal carbonization ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.109

25. Ambulation of Incipient Proton during Gas-Phase Dissociation of Protonated Alkyl Dihydrocinnamates

Author:
Xu Sihang; Zhang Yong; Errabelli Ramu; Attygalle Athula B.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2015 v.80 no.19 pp. 9468-9479
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
alcohols; chemical reactions; esters; gases; ions; moieties; organic chemistry; protons
Abstract:
... Upon activation in the gas phase, protonated alkyl dihydrocinnamates undergo an alcohol loss. However, the mechanism followed is not a simple removal of an alkanol molecule after a protonation on the alkoxy group. The mass spectrum of the m/z 166 ion for deuteron-charged methyl dihydrocinnamate showed two peaks of 1:5 intensity ratio at m/z 133 and 134 to confirm that the incipient proton is mobil ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.5b01390

26. Ammonia Synthesis by Hydrogenolysis of Titanium–Nitrogen Bonds Using Proton Coupled Electron Transfer

Author:
Pappas Iraklis; Chirik Paul J.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015 v.137 no.10 pp. 3498-3501
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
ammonia; catalysts; chemical bonding; dissociation; electron transfer; gases; hydrides; hydrogen; ligands; oxidation; rhodium
Abstract:
... The catalytic hydrogenolysis of the titanium–amide bond in (η⁵-C₅Me₄SiMe₃)₂Ti(Cl)NH₂ to yield free ammonia is described. The rhodium hydride, (η⁵-C₅Me₅)(py-Ph)RhH (py-Ph = 2-phenylpyridine), serves as the catalyst and promotes N–H bond formation via hydrogen atom transfer. The N–H bond dissociation free energies of ammonia ligands have also been determined for titanocene and zirconocene complexes ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.5b01047

27. Ammonia gas transport and reactions in unsaturated sediments: Implications for use as an amendment to immobilize inorganic contaminants

Author:
L. Zhong; J.E. Szecsody; M.J. Truex; M.D. Williams; Y. Liu
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2015 v.289 pp. 118-129
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
advection; aluminum; ammonia; gases; pH; porous media; remediation; sediments; silica; sodium; uranium; vadose zone; water content
Abstract:
... Use of gas-phase amendments for in situ remediation of inorganic contaminants in unsaturated sediments of the vadose zone may be advantageous, but there has been limited development and testing of gas remediation technologies. Treatment with ammonia gas has a potential for use in treating inorganic contaminants (such as uranium) because it induces a high pore-water pH, causing mineral dissolution ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.025

28. Ammonia/amine electronic gas sensors based on hybrid polyaniline–TiO₂ nanocomposites. The effects of titania and the surface active doping acid

Author:
S. Mikhaylov; N. Ogurtsov; Yu. Noskov; N. Redon; P. Coddeville; J.-L. Wojkiewicz; A. Pud
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.26 pp. 20218-20226
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
acids; ammonia; gases; humidity; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; polyaniline; polymerization; titanium dioxide; trimethylamine
Abstract:
... New ammonia and amine sensing materials based on hybrid polyaniline/titanium dioxide nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-pot chemical polymerization. Particular attention was paid to the influence of TiO₂ nanoparticles and the surface active dopants on the structure–property relationship of the nanocomposites in terms of their morphology, composition, electrical and sensing properties. Dodecy ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra16121a

29. Analysis of Gas-Phase Carbonyl Compounds in Emissions from Modern Wood Combustion Appliances: Influence of Wood Type and Combustion Appliance

Author:
Reda Ahmed A.; Czech H.; Schnelle-Kreis J.; Sippula O.; Orasche J.; Weggler B.; Abbaszade G.; Arteaga-Salas J. M.; Kortelainen M.; Tissari J.; Jokiniemi J.; Streibel T.; Zimmermann R.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 3897-3907
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Betula; Fagus; Picea; acetaldehyde; air flow; carbonyl compounds; combustion; emissions; emissions factor; formaldehyde; gases; mass spectrometry; softwood
Abstract:
... Gas-phase emission samples of carbonyl compounds (CCs) were collected from two modern wood combustion appliances. Multiple repetitions were conducted on masonry heater operated with three logwood species (birch, beech, and spruce) and for a pellet boiler operated by softwood pellet with normal combustion and unoptimized combustion (in which the secondary combustion air flow rate was decreased). Th ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef502877c

30. Analysis of Tars Produced in Pyrolysis of Four Coals under Various Conditions in a Viewpoint of Radicals

Author:
He Wenjing; Liu Zhenyu; Liu Qingya; Liu Muxin; Guo Xiaojin; Shi Lei; Wu Junfei; Guo Xiaofen; Ci Donghui
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 3658-3663
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
carbon; coal; cracking; free radicals; gases; hexane; pyrolysis; solvents; temperature; tetrahydrofuran
Abstract:
... Many studies tried to correlate coal pyrolysis conditions with reactivity of tars produced, but few analyzed the radical concentration of tars. This work studies pyrolysis of four coals, with carbon contents in a range of 74–82 wt %, in a fixed-bed tubular reactor at three heating rates and three N₂-purging rates. The changes in the radical concentration of tars under various conditions, such as i ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00594

31. Analysis of adsorption tests of gases emitted in the coal self-heating process

Author:
Agnieszka Dudzińska; Janusz Cygankiewicz
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2015 v.137 pp. 109-116
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
adsorption; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; coal; ethylene; fire hazard; gases; hydrogen; oxygen; porosity; propylene
Abstract:
... The analysis of the results of sorption absorbency of hard coals with respect to gases relevant in assessing the fire hazard (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ethylene, propylene, and acetylene) was the aim of this study. Hard coals adsorb carbon dioxide and acetylene in the highest amount, and ethylene and propylene in a slightly smaller amount. The adsorption of carbon monoxide and hyd ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.04.008

32. Analysis of groundwater dynamics in the complex aquifer system of Kazan Trona, Turkey, using environmental tracers and noble gases

Author:
Sebnem Arslan; Hasan Yazicigil; Martin Stute; Peter Schlosser; William M. Smethie Jr.
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2015 v.23 no.1 pp. 175-194
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
aquifers; carbon; chlorofluorocarbons; gases; groundwater; helium; issues and policy; mining; mixing; models; stable isotopes; tracer techniques; tritium; trona; water management
Abstract:
... The Eocene deposits of Kazan Basin in Turkey contain a rare trona mineral which is planned to be extracted by solution mining. The complex flow dynamics and mixing mechanisms as noted from previous hydraulic and hydrochemical data need to be augmented with environmental tracer and noble gas data to develop a conceptual model of the system for the assessment of the impacts of the mining and to deve ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-014-1188-z

33. Analysis of halogen-specific TOX revisited: Method improvement and application

Author:
Ina Kristiana; Suzanne McDonald; Jace Tan; Cynthia Joll; Anna Heitz
Source:
Talanta 2015 v.139 pp. 104-110
ISSN:
0039-9140
Subject:
absorption; activated carbon; adsorption; bromides; chlorides; chromatography; combustion; disinfection; drinking water; gases; halogens; hydrogen; iodates; iodides; models; water treatment
Abstract:
... A method was optimised and evaluated for the analysis of total organic halogen (TOX) in drinking water samples. It involved adsorption of organic halogen onto activated carbon, followed by combustion of the activated carbon and adsorbed material, absorption of the resulting hydrogen halide gases in an absorbing solution, and analysis of halide ions in the solution using an on-line ion chromatograp ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.029

34. Analysis of organic gas phase compounds formed by hydrothermal liquefaction of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles

Author:
René B. Madsen; Per S. Christensen; Kasper Houlberg; Elpiniki Lappa; Anders J. Mørup; Maika Klemmer; Eva M. Olsen; Mads M. Jensen; Jacob Becker; Bo B. Iversen; Marianne Glasius
Source:
Bioresource technology 2015 v.192 pp. 826-830
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
alkenes; aromatic compounds; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; dimethyl sulfide; distillers grains; ethane; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; hydrogen; income; liquefaction; methane; methanethiol
Abstract:
... This work provides a comprehensive characterization of the gas phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) collected during a 24-h continuous experiment. The gas consisted mainly of CO2, CO, H2, CH4 and C2H6 accounting for 96 v/v% while further analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed additionally 62 compounds of which 54 w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.095

35. Analysis of the WRF-Chem contributions to AQMEII phase2 with respect to aerosol radiative feedbacks on meteorology and pollutant distributions

Author:
Renate Forkel; Alessandra Balzarini; Rocio Baró; Roberto Bianconi; Gabriele Curci; Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero; Marcus Hirtl; Luka Honzak; Christof Lorenz; Ulas Im; Juan L. Pérez; Guido Pirovano; Roberto San José; Paolo Tuccella; Johannes Werhahn; Rahela Žabkar
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.115 pp. 630-645
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; cooling; droplets; gases; meteorology; pollutants; solar radiation; statistics; summer; temperature; wet deposition; wildfires; winter; Atlantic Ocean; Northern European region; Russia; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... As a contribution to phase2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), eight different simulations for the year 2010 were performed with WRF-Chem for the European domain. The four simulations using RADM2 gas-phase chemistry and the MADE/SORGAM aerosol module are analyzed in this paper. The simulations included different degrees of aerosol–meteorology feedback, ranging f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.10.056

36. Analytical capabilities of surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization in the determination of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds

Author:
A. A. Grechnikov
Source:
Journal of analytical chemistry 2015 v.70 no.9 pp. 1047-1054
ISSN:
1061-9348
Subject:
desorption; gases; ionization; ions; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Main approaches to the determination of low-molecular-weight chemical compounds by surfaceassisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) are considered. Analytes are adsorbed from a gas phase on the surface of a specially prepared solid-state substrate. Then, the surface is exposed to pulse laser radiation, which leads to ionization and desorption of ions to be detected with a mass analyzer. The fac ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1061934815090051

37. Analytical devices based on light-emitting diodes – a review of the state-of-the-art

Author:
Duy Anh Bui; Peter C. Hauser
Source:
Analytica chimica acta 2015 v.853 pp. 46-58
ISSN:
0003-2670
Subject:
absorbance; analytical chemistry; capillary electrophoresis; chromatography; detectors; gases; instrumentation; light intensity; photoacoustic spectroscopy
Abstract:
... A general overview of the development of the uses of light-emitting diodes in analytical instrumentation is given. Fundamental aspects of light-emitting diodes, as far as relevant for this usage, are covered in the first part. The measurement of light intensity is also discussed, as this is an essential part of any device based on light-emitting diodes as well. In the second part, applications are ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.044

38. Angel’s Share Combats Wine Fraud: 14C Dating of Wine without Opening the Bottle

Author:
Fahrni Simon M.; Fuller Benjamin T.; Southon John R.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2015 v.87 no.17 pp. 8646-8650
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
chemical analysis; cork; cork stoppers; ethanol; fraud; gases; radiocarbon dating; spoilage; stable isotopes; wine industry; wines
Abstract:
... The problem of fraud continues to plague the wine industry, and detecting cases where the original bottle has been refilled with an inferior vintage is especially difficult. A novel noninvasive procedure presented here relies on radiocarbon dating the so-called angel’s share: the trace amounts of ethanol and other gases that diffuse into and through the cork as bottled wine ages and matures. These ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01998

39. Anionic starch-induced Cu-based composite with flake-like mesostructure for gas-phase propanal efficient removal

Author:
Chi He; Xiaohe Liu; Jianwen Shi; Chunyan Ma; Hua Pan; Guilin Li
Source:
Journal of colloid and interface science 2015 v.454 pp. 216-225
ISSN:
0021-9797
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; catalysts; catalytic activity; ceric oxide; chelating agents; copper; desorption; electrostatic interactions; gases; metal ions; modified starch; moieties; oxygen; physicochemical properties; pollutants; scanning electron microscopy; surface area; transmission electron microscopy; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... Highly crystalline flake-like CuCeO2−δ composites (strCCx) with large specific surface area and developed mesoporosity were prepared using an economic and effective bio-template route. Modified starch with abundant surface carboxyl groups was adopted as the chelating agent and template for metal cations immobilization via electrostatic attraction predominately based on the process of –COO⁻⋯Cu²⁺ an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcis.2015.05.021

40. Anomalous Cage Effect of the Excited State Dynamics of Catechol in the 18-Crown-6–Catechol Host–Guest Complex

Author:
Morishima Fumiya; Kusaka Ryoji; Inokuchi Yoshiya; Haino Takeharu; Ebata Takayuki
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2015 v.119 no.6 pp. 2557-2565
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
cyclohexanes; gases; energy; fluorescence; ambient temperature; isomers; methodology; hydrogen; catechol; hydrogen bonding; metal ions; oxygen
Abstract:
... We determined the number of isomers and their structures for the 18-crown-6 (18C6)–catechol host–guest complex, and examined the effect of the complex formation on the S₁ (¹ππ*) dynamics of catechol under a supersonically cooled gas phase condition and in cyclohexane solution at room temperature. In the gas phase experiment, UV–UV hole-burning spectra of the 18C6–catechol 1:1 complex indicate that ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp508619f

41. Anti-stacking dense conversion of solid organic sodium salt particles into graphene with excellent electrode performance

Author:
H. J. Cui; Y. Y. Zhu; J. F. Zheng; S. P. Jia; Z. J. Wang; Z. P. Zhu
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.71 pp. 57576-57580
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
electrodes; gases; graphene; salts; sodium
Abstract:
... Graphene frameworks can be directly formed by a rapid decomposition of common solid organic sodium salts, during which the gases simultaneously produced play a crucial role in resisting the inter-graphene stacking behaviour through in situ filling between the growing graphene films. The framework structure endows the graphene with excellent electrode performance. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra07957h

42. Antioxidant Properties of Kanakugiol Revealed Through the Hydrogen Atom Transfer, Electron Transfer and M2+ (M2+ = Cu(II) or Co(II) Ion) Coordination Ability Mechanisms. A DFT Study In Vacuo and in Solution

Author:
Tshepiso J. Tsiepe; Mwadham M. Kabanda; Kemoabetswe R. N. Serobatse
Source:
Food biophysics 2015 v.10 no.3 pp. 342-359
ISSN:
1557-1858
Subject:
enthalpy; gases; cobalt; aqueous solutions; aromatic compounds; copper; ionization; acetonitrile; electron transfer; dissociation; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding; antioxidant activity; metal ions
Abstract:
... DFT studies on the conformational and antioxidant properties of kanakugiol were performed to investigate factors that contribute to its conformational preferences and to elucidate its antioxidant properties and mechanisms. The antioxidant activity has been considered through the ability of kanakugiol to scavenge free radical species and through its ability to chelate metal ions. The antiradical ac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11483-015-9397-0

43. Application of WRF/Chem over North America under the AQMEII Phase 2: Part I. Comprehensive evaluation of 2006 simulation

Author:
Khairunnisa Yahya; Kai Wang; Masilin Gudoshava; Timothy Glotfelty; Yang Zhang
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.115 pp. 733-755
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air quality; atmospheric chemistry; carbon; cold; dry deposition; emissions; gases; isoprene; meteorology; mixing; model uncertainty; models; national parks; ozone; particulates; prediction; remote sensing; temperature; volatile organic compounds; wet deposition; wildfires; wind speed; Europe; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... The Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) version 3.4.1 has been modified to include the Carbon Bond 2005 (CB05) gas-phase mechanism, the Modal for Aerosol Dynamics for Europe (MADE) and the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) approach for secondary organic aerosol (hereafter WRF/Chem-CB05-MADE/VBS), and aerosol-cloud-radiation feedbacks to improve predictions of secondary organi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.063

44. Application of geo-microbial prospecting method for finding oil and gas reservoirs

Author:
M. A. Rasheed; Syed Zaheer Hasan; P. L. Srinivasa Rao; Annapurna Boruah; V. Sudarshan; B. Kumar; T. Harinarayana
Source:
Frontiers of earth science 2015 v.9 no.1 pp. 40-50
ISSN:
2095-0195
Subject:
bacteria; bags; butanes; case studies; cold; drilling; ethane; gases; geophysics; methane; oils; oxidants; petroleum; population density; propane; risk; seepage; soil; soil sampling; surveys
Abstract:
... Microbial prospecting of hydrocarbons is based on the detection of anomalous population of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria in the surface soils, indicates the presence of subsurface oil and gas accumulation. The technique is based on the seepage of light hydrocarbon gases such as C₁–C₄from the oil and gas pools to the shallow surface that provide the suitable conditions for the development of highl ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11707-014-0448-5

45. Applications of ion-mobility mass spectrometry for lipid analysis

Author:
Giuseppe Paglia; Michal Kliman; Emmanuelle Claude; Scott Geromanos; Giuseppe Astarita
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2015 v.407 no.17 pp. 4995-5007
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
dissociation; electrophoresis; gases; hybrids; image analysis; instrumentation; ions; mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... The high chemical complexity of the lipidome is one of the major challenges in lipidomics research. Ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS), a gas-phase electrophoretic technique, makes possible the separation of ions in the gas phase according to their charge, shape, and size. IMS can be combined with mass spectrometry (MS), adding three major benefits to traditional lipidomic approaches. First, IMS–MS a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-015-8664-8

46. Applying a new method for direct collection, volume quantification and determination of N2 emission from water

Author:
Xinhong Liu; Yan Gao; Honglian Wang; Junyao Guo; Shaohua Yan
Source:
Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015 v.27 pp. 217-224
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
aquatic ecosystems; detection limit; gas chromatography; gases; lakes; methane; nitrous oxide; oxygen; ponds; temperature; wetlands
Abstract:
... The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al. (2013) developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2014.04.012

47. Apportioned contributions of PM2.5 fine aerosol particles over the Maldives (northern Indian Ocean) from local sources vs long-range transport

Author:
Krishnakant Budhavant; August Andersson; Carme Bosch; Martin Kruså; Ahmed Murthaza; Zahid; Örjan Gustafsson
Source:
Science of the total environment 2015 v.536 pp. 72-78
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
World Health Organization; aerosols; carbon; climate; combustion; emissions; gases; guidelines; monsoon season; particulates; seasonal variation; summer; winter; Indian Ocean; Maldives; South Asia
Abstract:
... Urban-like plumes of gases and particulate matter originating from the South Asian region are frequently observed over the Indian Ocean, especially during the dry winter period. However, in addition to the strong sources on mainland South Asia, there are also local Maldivian emissions. The local contributions to the load of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Maldivian capital Malé was assessed ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.059

48. An Approach to Thermocouple Measurements That Reduces Uncertainties in High-Temperature Environments

Author:
Krishnan Siddharth; Kumfer Benjamin M.; Wu Wendong; Li Jichuan; Nehorai Arye; Axelbaum Richard L.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 3446-3455
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
gases; quantitative analysis; uncertainty; models; thermocouples; spinning; convection; temperature; accuracy
Abstract:
... Obtaining accurate temperature measurements with thermocouples in flame environments is challenging due to the effects of radiative heat losses, as these losses are difficult to quantify. Efforts to minimize radiative losses by, for example, suction pyrometry often result in a significant sacrifice in spatial resolution. In this work, a new experimental methodology is presented that both minimizes ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00071

49. Aqueous Solution-Phase Selenized CuIn(S,Se)2 Thin Film Solar Cells Annealed under Inert Atmosphere

Author:
Oh Yunjung; Yang Wooseok; Kim Jimin; Woo Kyoohee; Moon Jooho
Source:
ACS applied materials 2015 v.7 no.40 pp. 22570-22577
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
annealing; chemical structure; copper; gases; hydrogen sulfide; indium; lighting; photovoltaic cells; selenium; solvents; sulfur; toxicity
Abstract:
... A nonvacuum solution-based approach can potentially be used to realize low cost, roll-to-roll fabrication of chalcopyrite CuIn(S,Se)₂ (CISSe) thin film solar cells. However, most solution-based fabrication methods involve highly toxic solvents and inevitably require sulfurization and/or postselenization with hazardous H₂S/H₂Se gases. Herein, we introduce novel aqueous-based Cu–In–S and Se inks tha ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.5b06996

50. Aqueous-phase hydrogenolysis of glucose to value-added chemicals and biofuels: A comparative study of active metals

Author:
Chengwei Liu; Chenghua Zhang; Kangkai Liu; Yi Wang; Gaixian Fan; Sikai Sun; Jian Xu; Yulei Zhu; Yongwang Li
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2015 v.72 pp. 189-199
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; carbon; catalysts; chemical bonding; copper; ethylene glycol; furans; gases; glucose; hexane; hydrogenation; nickel; oxygen; sorbitol; temperature; value added
Abstract:
... Glucose is the most abundant platform molecule of biomass in nature. High value-added chemicals and liquid fuels can be obtained by selectively breaking C–C/C–O bonds and removing surplus oxygen in glucose. This article focuses on glucose hydrogenolysis over a wide variety of transition metal catalysts (Cu/C, Ni/C, Pt/C, Pd/C, Ru/C, Rh/C, Ir/C). Liquid and gas phase after reaction mainly contain t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.11.005

51. Arabis alpina and Arabidopsis thaliana have different stomatal development strategies in response to high altitude pressure conditions

Author:
Peter Manuel Kammer; Jonathan Simon Steiner; Christian Schöb
Source:
Alpine botany 2015 v.125 no.2 pp. 101-112
ISSN:
1664-2201
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabis alpina; alpine plants; altitude; atmospheric pressure; carbon dioxide; gases; growth chambers; leaf area; stomata; stomatal movement
Abstract:
... The altitudinal gradient involves changes of the partial pressures of atmospheric gases such as CO₂. This omnipresent phenomenon likely represents an evolutionary selective agent. We asked whether high altitude plant species had evolved specific response strategies to cope with high altitude pressure conditions. Plants of the high altitude species Arabis alpina and the low altitude species Arabido ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00035-015-0152-4

52. Assessing the environmental impact of energy production from hydrochar generated via hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes

Author:
Nicole D. Berge; Liang Li; Joseph R.V. Flora; Kyoung S. Ro
Source:
Waste management 2015 v.43 pp. 203-217
ISSN:
0956-053X
Subject:
biomass; combustion; electricity; emissions; energy; environmental assessment; environmental impact; food waste; gases; hydrochars; hydrothermal carbonization; life cycle assessment; temperature; value-added products; waste management
Abstract:
... Although there are numerous studies suggesting hydrothermal carbonization is an environmentally advantageous process for transformation of wastes to value-added products, a systems level evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent hydrochar combustion has not been conducted. The specific objectives of this work are to use a life cycle assessmen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.029

53. Assessing the impact of population, income and technology on energy consumption and industrial pollutant emissions in China

Author:
Yansui Liu; Yang Zhou; Wenxiang Wu
Source:
Applied energy 2015 v.155 pp. 904-917
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; data collection; emissions; energy; energy conservation; environmental impact; gases; income; industrial wastes; models; pollutants; population density; solid wastes; sustainable development; wastewater; China
Abstract:
... Elucidating the complex mechanism of the impact of demographic changes, economic growth, and technological advance impacts on energy consumption and pollutant emissions is fundamentally necessary to inform effective strategies on energy saving and emission reduction in China. Here, based on a balanced provincial panel dataset in China over the period 1990–2012, we used an extended STIRPAT model to ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.06.051

54. Assessment of SAPRC07 with updated isoprene chemistry against outdoor chamber experiments

Author:
Yuzhi Chen; Kenneth G. Sexton; Roger E. Jerry; Jason D. Surratt; William Vizuete
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.105 pp. 109-120
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; air pollution; atmospheric chemistry; emissions; gases; hydroxyl radicals; isoprene; nitrogen content; nitrogen oxides; oxidation; ozone; urban areas; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... Isoprene, the most emitted non-methane hydrocarbon, is known to influence ozone (O3) formation in urban areas rich with biogenic emissions. To keep up with the recent advance on isoprene oxidation chemistry including the identification of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), Xie et al. (2013) updated the SAPRC (Statewide Air Pollution Research Center)-07 c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.042

55. Asymmetric zinc porphyrin-sensitized nanosized TiO₂ for efficient visible-light-driven CO₂ photoreduction to CO/CH₄

Author:
Kan Li; Li Lin; Tianyou Peng; Yingying Guo; Renjie Li; Jing Zhang
Source:
Chemical communications 2015 v.51 no.62 pp. 12443-12446
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; chemical reactions; gases; methane; nanomaterials; porphyrins; titanium dioxide; zinc
Abstract:
... Asymmetric zinc porphyrin (ZnPy) was synthesized and used to sensitize nanosized TiO₂. The visible-light-driven activity of CO₂ photoreduction to generate CO/CH₄ in the gas phase was observed from the ZnPy-sensitized TiO₂ without loading noble metal, and the mechanism was discussed. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5cc03812j

56. Asymmetrically Substituted and π-Conjugated 2,2′-Bipyridine Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Computation, and Crystallography

Author:
Bodapati Ramakrishna; Sarma Monima; Kanakati Arunkumar; Das Samar K.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2015 v.80 no.24 pp. 12482-12491
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
absorption; aldehydes; ambient temperature; chemical derivatives; crystal structure; crystallography; fluorescence; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; gases; moieties; organic chemistry; solvents; synthesis
Abstract:
... A new series of monosubstituted styryl- and bistyryl-2,2′-bipyridine luminophores (compounds 16–23) have been synthesized via Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction involving a monophosphonate and donor aromatic aldehydes. In the title chromophores, the amino donors are varied between acyclic and cyclic while the alkoxy donors are varied in terms of their number and position. The absorption maxima of th ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.5b02345

57. Atmospheric Evolution of Sulfur Emissions from Kı̅lauea: Real-Time Measurements of Oxidation, Dilution, and Neutralization within a Volcanic Plume

Author:
Kroll Jesse H.; Cross Eben S.; Hunter James F.; Pai Sidhant; ; Wallace Lisa M. M.; Croteau Philip L.; Jayne John T.; Worsnop Douglas R.; Heald Colette L.; Murphy Jennifer G.; Frankel Sheila L.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2015 v.49 no.7 pp. 4129-4137
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acidity; acids; aerosols; chemical speciation; diurnal variation; emissions; environmental health; gases; humans; instrumentation; neutralization; oxidation; pH; particulates; quantitative analysis; relative humidity; sulfates; sulfur; sulfur dioxide; toxic substances; trade winds; volcanoes; Hawaii
Abstract:
... The high atmospheric concentrations of toxic gases, particulate matter, and acids in the areas immediately surrounding volcanoes can have negative impacts on human and ecological health. To better understand the atmospheric fate of volcanogenic emissions in the near field (in the first few hours after emission), we have carried out real-time measurements of key chemical components of the volcanic ...
DOI:
10.1021/es506119x

58. Atmospheric boundary layer and ozone-aerosol interactions under Saharan intrusions observed during AMISOC summer campaign

Author:
J.A. Adame; C. Córdoba-Jabonero; M. Sorribas; D. Toledo; M. Gil-Ojeda
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.104 pp. 205-216
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
aerosols; altitude; atmospheric chemistry; extinction; gases; humidity; meteorology; mixing; models; ozone; remote sensing; summer; surface interactions; surface temperature; troposphere; Spain
Abstract:
... A research campaign was performed for the AMISOC (Atmospheric Minor Species relevant to the Ozone Chemistry) project at El Arenosillo observatory (southwest Spain) in May–June 2012. The campaign focused on the impact of Saharan dust intrusions at the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and ozone-aerosol interactions. In-situ and remote-sensing techniques for gases and aerosols were used in addition t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.036

59. Atmospheric chemistry of alkyl iodides: theoretical studies on the mechanisms and kinetics of CH₃I/C₂H₅I + NO₃ reactions

Author:
Feng-Yang Bai; Xu Wang; Yan-Qiu Sun; Xiu-Mei Pan
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.107 pp. 88087-88095
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
atmospheric chemistry; energy; free radicals; gases; hydrogen; iodine; methyl iodide; nitrates; organoiodine compounds
Abstract:
... The gas-phase reactions of CH₃I and C₂H₅I with NO₃ radicals have been studied using a dual-level direct kinetics method. The minimum energy paths have been refined by CCSD(T) and QCISD(T) methods. One displacement and two hydrogen abstraction processes were found for the reaction of CH₃I + NO₃. For the reaction of C₂H₅I + NO₃, three hydrogen abstraction and one displacement channel were found. The ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra16215g

60. Atmospheric concentration and carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo[c]fluorene, cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, and benzo[j]fluoranthene in Japan

Author:
Mayuko Yagishita; Shiho Kageyama; Shigeru Ohshima; Michi Matsumoto; Yasunobu Aoki; Sumio Goto; Daisuke Nakajima
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2015 v.115 pp. 263-268
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; atmospheric chemistry; benzo(a)pyrene; carcinogenicity; cities; fluorenes; gases; mice; neoplasms; risk; summer; winter; Japan; United States
Abstract:
... The atmospheric concentrations of both gas-phase and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs (16 PAHs) were measured in eleven cities across Japan. Using the measured average concentrations and toxic equivalency factors (TEF) of the 16 PAHs, the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-toxic equivalent for eight major PAHs was obtained: t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.050

61. Atmospheric degradation of lindane and 1,3-dichloroacetone in the gas phase. Studies at the EUPHORE simulation chamber

Author:
Teresa Vera; Esther Borrás; Jianmin Chen; Clara Coscollá; Véronique Daële; Abdelwahid Mellouki; Milagros Ródenas; Howard Sidebottom; Xiaomin Sun; Vicent Yusá; Xue Zhang; Amalia Muñoz
Source:
Chemosphere 2015 v.138 pp. 112-119
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
HCH (pesticide); atmospheric pressure; gases; hydroxyl radicals; lindane; oxidation; photolysis; troposphere; Spain
Abstract:
... The gas-phase degradation of lindane (γ-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane) towards OH radical was investigated under atmospheric conditions at the large outdoor European simulation chamber (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The rate coefficient for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with lindane was measured using a conventional relative rate technique leading to a value of kOH(lindane)=(6.4±1.6)×10−13cm3 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.061

62. Atomistic insight into the oxidation of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides: from structures to electronic properties

Author:
Hongsheng Liu; Nannan Han; Jijun Zhao
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.23 pp. 17572-17581
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
adsorption; dissociation; gases; molybdenum disulfide; oxidation; oxygen; selenides; transistors
Abstract:
... Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) stand out in two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their potential applications in future microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In experiments, field effect transistors (FET) based on the MoS₂ monolayer are sensitive to environmental gases, especially O₂. Thus, the oxidation of monolayer TMDs is a critical concern. By first-principles calcula ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra17320a

63. Bacterial Populations (First Record) at Two Shallow Hydrothermal Vents of the Mexican Pacific West Coast

Author:
Sonia Dávila-Ramos; Alejandro Estradas-Romero; Rosa María Prol-Ledesma; Katy Juárez-López
Source:
Geomicrobiology journal 2015 v.32 no.8 pp. 657-665
ISSN:
1521-0529
Subject:
bacteria; biodiversity; biomineralization; coasts; epsilon-Proteobacteria; gases; methane; oxidation; pH; population; prokaryotic cells; redox potential; seawater; sediments; solar radiation; temperature; Mexico
Abstract:
... Thermophilic and metal-oxidizing bacteria were identified in shallow hydrothermal vents on the western Mexican coast. The role of these bacteria in biomineralization processes observed in the vents is explained, and the effect of the vents on biodiversity of prokaryotes is discussed. Research was done at two shallow hydrothermal vent sites: Bahía Concepción (BC) in the Baja California Peninsula an ...
DOI:
10.1080/01490451.2014.980526

64. Behavior and Fate of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) When Incinerating PA6/HNTs Nanocomposite

Author:
Ounoughene G.; Le Bihan O.; Chivas-Joly C.; Motzkus C.; Longuet C.; Debray B.; Joubert A.; Le Coq L.; Lopez-Cuesta J.-M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2015 v.49 no.9 pp. 5450-5457
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aerosols; combustion; furnaces; gases; halloysite; incinerators; nanocomposites; nanotubes; particulates; polymers; waste disposal
Abstract:
... Nanoclay-based nanocomposites have been widely studied and produced since the late 1990s, and frequently end up in waste disposal plants. This work investigates the behavior of PA6/HNTs nanocomposites (nylon-6 incorporating halloysite nanotubes) during incineration. Incineration tests were performed at lab-scale using a specific tubular furnace modified in order to control the key incineration par ...
DOI:
10.1021/es505674j

65. Benzoic acid derivatives: Evaluation of thermochemical properties with complementary experimental and computational methods

Author:
Sergey P. Verevkin; Dzmitry H. Zaitsau; Vladimir N. Emeĺyanenko; Elena N. Stepurko; Kseniya V. Zherikova
Source:
Thermochimica acta 2015 v.622 pp. 18-30
ISSN:
0040-6031
Subject:
benzene; benzoic acid; computational methodology; enthalpy; gases; sublimation; transpiration; volatilization
Abstract:
... Molar sublimation enthalpies of the methyl- and methoxybenzoic acids were derived from the transpiration method, static method, and TGA. Thermochemical data available in the literature were collected, evaluated, and combined with own experimental results. This collection together with the new experimental results reported here has helped to resolve contradictions in the available enthalpy data and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tca.2015.03.026

66. Benzoquinone–imidazole hybrids as selective colorimetric sensors for cyanide in aqueous, solid and gas phases

Author:
Ramalingam Manivannan; Samuele Ciattini; Laura Chelazzi; Kuppanagounder P. Elango
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.106 pp. 87341-87351
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; analytical kits; anions; benzoquinones; color; colorimetry; cyanides; detection limit; electrochemistry; fluorescence; gases; imidazole; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; receptors; stoichiometry; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Five new chemosensors (R1–R5), possessing benzoquinone as the signaling unit and imidazole as the H-bond donor unit, for cyanide sensing have been rationally designed, synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The structure of R5 was confirmed by single crystal XRD studies. These receptors exhibited a prominent visual colour change toward the cyanide ion over other common anions ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra13597d

67. Bidirectional Direct Sequencing of Noncanonical RNA by Two-Dimensional Analysis of Mass Chromatograms

Author:
Björkbom Anders; Lelyveld Victor S.; Zhang Shenglong; Zhang Weicheng; Tam Chun Pong; Blain J. Craig; Szostak Jack W.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015 v.137 no.45 pp. 14430-14438
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
RNA; algorithms; gases; hydrolysis; ions; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; oligonucleotides
Abstract:
... Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for characterizing noncanonical nucleobases and other chemical modifications in small RNAs, yielding rich chemical information that is complementary to high-throughput indirect sequencing. However, mass spectra are often prohibitively complex when fragment ions are analyzed following either solution phase hydrolysis or gas phase fragmentation. For all ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.5b09438

68. Bio-based nickel alginate and copper alginate films with excellent flame retardancy: preparation, flammability and thermal degradation behavior

Author:
Yun Liu; Jin-Chao Zhao; Chuan-Jie Zhang; Yi Guo; Li Cui; Ping Zhu; De-Yi Wang
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.79 pp. 64125-64137
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; biobased products; burning; calorimetry; combustion; copper; flammability; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gases; heat; ion exchange; ions; nickel; pyrolysis; sodium alginate; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... A bio-based nickel alginate film and copper alginate film were prepared via a facile ion exchange and casting approach. Their flame retardancy, thermal degradation and pyrolysis behavior, and thermal degradation mechanism were investigated systematically by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogr ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra11048c

69. Bio-green synthesis of Ni-doped tin oxide nanoparticles and its influence on gas sensing properties

Author:
Ketan P. Gattu; Kalyani Ghule; Anil A. Kashale; V. B. Patil; D. M. Phase; R. S. Mane; S. H. Han; Ramphal Sharma; Anil Vithal Ghule
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.89 pp. 72849-72856
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Cicer arietinum; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; beans; biosynthesis; cost effectiveness; films (materials); gases; glass; kitchen waste; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; nickel; nitrogen dioxide; optical properties; scanning electron microscopy; tin dioxide; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Considering the potential applications of transition metal doped nanostructured materials and the advantages of novel, cost-effective and environmentally friendly biosynthesis methods, Ni-doped SnO₂ nanomaterials have been synthesized using remnant water (ideally kitchen waste) collected from soaked Bengal gram bean (Cicer arietinum L.) extract. The structural and optical properties of the Ni-dope ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra13513c

70. Bio-oil production from Colombian bagasse by fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed: An experimental study

Author:
J.I. Montoya; C. Valdés; F. Chejne; C.A. Gómez; A. Blanco; G. Marrugo; J. Osorio; E. Castillo; J. Aristóbulo; J. Acero
Source:
Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis 2015 v.112 pp. 379-387
ISSN:
0165-2370
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; fluid mechanics; fluidized beds; gases; nitrogen; particle size; pyrolysis; sugarcane bagasse; synergism; temperature; yields
Abstract:
... We present experimental results of fast pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a fluidized-bed reactor, in which temperature, biomass feed rate, carrier gas flow, biomass, and effects of inert material particle size on global product distribution were evaluated. For this, changes in the fluid dynamic parameters were made (fluidizing gas flow between 20 and 60L/min, biomass feed rate between 2.0 and 5.3 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaap.2014.11.007

71. Bio-oil production via catalytic microwave pyrolysis of model municipal solid waste component mixtures

Author:
Dadi V. Suriapparao; R. Vinu
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.71 pp. 57619-57631
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
activated carbon; aluminum; benzene; biofuels; catalytic activity; cellulose; cement; energy recovery; ethylene; fly ash; furans; garden residues; gases; graphene; hydrogen; iron; kitchen waste; methane; microwave radiation; microwave treatment; municipal solid waste; oils; phenolic compounds; propylene; pyrolysis; silica; silicon carbide; styrene; titanium dioxide; toluene; value added; xylene
Abstract:
... In this study, microwave assisted co-pyrolysis of mixtures of cellulose, paraffin oil, kitchen waste and garden waste that closely mimic municipal solid wastes (MSW) is conducted at different reaction conditions. Experiments were conducted in a multimode microwave reactor using ten different microwave absorbing materials (or susceptors) such as aluminium, activated carbon, garnet, iron, silica bea ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra08666c

72. Biobased Thermosetting Epoxy Foams: Mechanical and Thermal Characterization

Author:
Altuna Facundo I.; Ruseckaite Roxana A.; Stefani Pablo M.
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry 2015 v.3 no.7 pp. 1406-1411
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
epoxides; foaming; gases; glass transition temperature; mechanical properties; ozone; thermal properties; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... Thermosetting epoxy foams were synthesized by replacing the commercial synthetic epoxy resin by a biogenic epoxidized vegetable oil. Foam formulations were developed avoiding the use of amine hardeners, organic volatile compounds (OVCs), and ozone depleting or flammable foaming gases. The produced biobased foams were evaluated in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. It was found that the gl ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00114

73. Biocatalytic Janus membranes for CO₂ removal utilizing carbonic anhydrase

Author:
Jingwei Hou; Chao Ji; Guangxi Dong; Bowen Xiao; Yun Ye; Vicki Chen
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.33 pp. 17032-17041
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
adhesion; artificial membranes; carbon dioxide; carbon nanotubes; carbonate dehydratase; catalytic activity; coatings; gases; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; solvents
Abstract:
... A novel hydrophilic–superhydrophobic biocatalytic membrane was developed for CO₂ capture with a gas–liquid membrane contactor. This “Janus” membrane contains a layer of hydrophilic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated on a fluorosilane treated superhydrophobic membrane support. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was then immobilized on the hydrophilic CNT side, which was located at the CO₂–solvent interface within ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ta01756d

74. Biocomposites of polyamide 4.10 and surface modified microfibrillated cellulose (MFC): influence of processing parameters on structure and thermomechanical properties

Author:
Agnieszka Leszczyńska; Paweł Kiciliński; Krzysztof Pielichowski
Source:
Cellulose 2015 v.22 no.4 pp. 2551-2569
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
biocomposites; biopolymers; castor oil; cellulose; dispersibility; engineering; gases; hydrolysis; mechanical properties; melting; nanofibers; oxidation; polyamides; raw materials; renewable resources; temperature; thermal stability; thermoplastics; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Novel bio-polyamides obtained from renewable resources, e.g. PA4.10, are considered nowadays as promising ‘green’ engineering materials consisting of building blocks derived from castor oil. In this work the composites of heterogeneously acetylated microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and biopolyamide 4.10 have been prepared by melt blending. Thermoplastic processing of PA4.10/MFC composites was possi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-015-0657-4

75. Biodegradation of paraffin wax by crude Aspergillus enzyme preparations for potential use in removing paraffin deposits

Author:
Junhui Zhang; Quanhong Xue; Hui Gao; Ping Wang
Source:
Journal of basic microbiology 2015 v.55 no.11 pp. 1326-1335
ISSN:
0233-111X
Subject:
Aspergillus; bacteria; biodegradation; carbon dioxide; crystals; enzymes; fungi; gases; hexane; hydrogen; industry; oil fields; oils; paraffin wax; propionic acid; solubility
Abstract:
... Paraffin deposition problems have plagued the oil industry. Whist mechanical and chemical methods are problematic, microbiological method of paraffin removal is considered an alternative. However, studies have mainly investigated the use of bacteria, with little attention to the potential of fungi. The performance of six Aspergillus isolates to degrade paraffin wax was evaluated under laboratory c ...
DOI:
10.1002/jobm.201500290

76. Biogeochemical tales told by isotope clumps

Author:
Benjamin H. Passey
Source:
Science 2015 v.348 no.6233 pp. 394-395
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Earth atmosphere; diet; gases; geochemistry; grasses; greenhouse gases; mountains; photosynthesis; stable isotopes; temperature; tracer techniques
Abstract:
... How do you take a dinosaur's temperature, reconstruct the elevation histories of Earth's great mountain ranges, probe the workings of photosynthesis, and confirm biological origins of a greenhouse gas? Increasingly, the answer lies in clumps. Clumped isotope geochemistry (1) is the latest branch of stable isotope geochemistry, the field that illuminated the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.aab1604

77. Biological technologies for the removal of sulfur containing compounds from waste streams: bioreactors and microbial characteristics

Author:
Lin Li; Jingying Zhang; Jian Lin; Junxin Liu
Source:
World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2015 v.31 no.10 pp. 1501-1515
ISSN:
0959-3993
Subject:
air flow; air pollution; biological treatment; bioreactors; case studies; cost effectiveness; gases; hydrogen sulfide; landfills; microbial activity; pollution control; research and development; sulfur; sulfur dioxide; wastes; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Waste gases containing sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, thioethers, and mercaptan, produced and emitted from industrial processes, wastewater treatment, and landfill waste may cause undesirable issues in adjacent areas and contribute to atmospheric pollution. Their control has been an area of concern and research for many years. As alternative to conventional physicochem ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11274-015-1915-1

78. Biomass to fuel gas conversion through a low pyrolysis temperature induced by gamma radiation: an experimental and simulative study

Author:
Ahmed M. A. El Naggar; Hussien A. El Sayed; Radwa A. Elsalamony; Ahmed Abd Elrazak
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.95 pp. 77897-77905
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; biofuels; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; energy; environmental impact; feedstocks; gamma radiation; gases; hydrogen; irradiation; methane; natural gas; pyrolysis; temperature
Abstract:
... Currently, 80% of global energy is supplied by carbon-based fossil fuels, which has led to concerns over the environmental impact of increasing atmospheric CO₂ levels and has sparked ever-growing interest in renewable energy sources. The aim of this study is in line with adding value to low or negative valued biomass feedstocks by converting them into marketable bio-fuel gases, to replace the curr ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra10621d

79. Bubble‐free electrokinetic flow with propylene carbonate

Author:
Deepa Sritharan; Abraham Simpson Chen; Prabhath Aluthgama; Bilal Naved; Elisabeth Smela
Source:
Electrophoresis 2015 v.36 no.20 pp. 2622-2629
ISSN:
0173-0835
Subject:
bubbles; electric field; electric power; electrodes; electrolysis; electrolytes; electrophoresis; gases; hydrogen; oxygen; pumps; systems engineering
Abstract:
... For electroosmotic pumping, a large direct‐current (DC) electric field (10+ V/cm) is applied across a liquid, typically an aqueous electrolyte. At these high voltages, water undergoes electrolysis to form hydrogen and oxygen, generating bubbles that can block the electrodes, cause pressure fluctuations, and lead to pump failure. The requirement to manage these gases constrains system designs. This ...
DOI:
10.1002/elps.201400443

80. Bulk synthesis of highly conducting graphene oxide with long range ordering

Author:
Rachana Kumar; Samya Naqvi; Neha Gupta; Kumar Gaurav; Saba Khan; Pramod Kumar; Aniket Rana; Rajiv K. Singh; Ramil Bharadwaj; Suresh Chand
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.45 pp. 35893-35898
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
electronic equipment; gases; graphene; graphene oxide; oxidation; sodium nitrate; toxic substances; toxicity
Abstract:
... Graphene oxide with high conductivity is today's demand not only for high quality graphene synthesis but also for direct applications in electronic devices. Here we demonstrate a milder bulk synthesis approach for graphene oxide (mGO) from tattered graphite showing long range ordering and much higher conductivity (27 S m⁻¹) compared to Hummers graphene oxide (H-GO) (0.8 S m⁻¹). A two step mild oxi ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra01943e

81. B–N@Graphene: Highly Sensitive and Selective Gas Sensor

Author:
Choudhuri Indrani; Patra Nandini; Mahata Arup; Ahuja Rajeev; Pathak Biswarup
Source:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015 v.119 no.44 pp. 24827-24836
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
adsorption; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; energy; gases; graphene; methodology; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; toxic substances; toxicity
Abstract:
... We have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the gas (CO, CO₂, NO, and NO₂) sensing mechanism of pure and doped (B@, N@, and B–N@) graphene surfaces. The calculated adsorption energies of the various toxic gases (CO, CO₂, NO, and NO₂) on the pure and doped graphene surfaces show, doping improves adsorption energy and selectivity. The electronic properties of the B–N@grap ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07359

82. CFD prediction of scale-up effect on the hydrodynamic behaviors of a pilot-plant fluidized bed reactor and preliminary exploration of its application for non-pelletizing polyethylene process

Author:
Yu Che; Zhou Tian; Zhen Liu; Rui Zhang; Yuxin Gao; Enguang Zou; Sihan Wang; Boping Liu
Source:
Powder technology 2015 v.278 pp. 94-110
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
ethylene; fluidized beds; gases; hydrodynamics; models; particle size; polyethylene; polymerization; powders; prediction
Abstract:
... This work aims to explore the scale-up effect on the hydrodynamic natures in a pilot-plant gas phase ethylene polymerization fluidized bed reactor (FBR) based on two-dimensional (2D) transient Eulerian model integrating the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF). Unlike lab scale FBR, significant differences in the core–annulus structures caused by the scale-up effect are revealed. The core region ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.022

83. CIUSuite: A Quantitative Analysis Package for Collision Induced Unfolding Measurements of Gas-Phase Protein Ions

Author:
Eschweiler Joseph D.; Rabuck-Gibbons Jessica N.; Tian Yuwei; Ruotolo Brandon T.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2015 v.87 no.22 pp. 11516-11522
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
computer software; data collection; gases; heat; instrumentation; ions; proteins; quantitative analysis; screening; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a technology of growing importance for structural biology, providing complementary 3D structure information for biomolecules within samples that are difficult to analyze using conventional analytical tools through the near-simultaneous acquisition of ion collision cross sections (CCSs) and masses. Despite recent advances in IM-MS instrumentation, the resol ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03292

84. CO2 Removal from Biogas Based on Hydrate Formation with Tetra-n-Butylammonium Bromide Solution in the Presence of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate

Author:
Li Qi; Fan Shuanshi; Wang Yanhong; Lang Xuemei; Chen Jun
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.5 pp. 3143-3148
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
additives; aqueous solutions; biogas; carbon dioxide; economic feasibility; gases; methane
Abstract:
... The separation of CO₂ by clathrate hydrate formation was considered to be a promising and economically feasible technology compared with the traditional techniques. In this work, we investigated the effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm]BF₄) on the separation of CO₂ from a 33 mol % CO₂/67.0 mol % CH₄ gas mixture based on hydrate formation in 0.05 mass fraction tetra-n-buty ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00061

85. CO2 adsorption using TiO2 composite polymeric membranes: A kinetic study

Author:
Sarah Hafeez; X. Fan; Arshad Hussain; C.F. Martín
Source:
Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015 v.35 pp. 163-171
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorption; carbon dioxide; cellulose; cellulose acetate; climate change; composite polymers; gases; greenhouse gases; models; nanoparticles; porosity; scanning electron microscopy; solubility; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... CO2 is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. Many techniques have been utilised to capture CO2. Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. It mainly depen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.019

86. CO₂ capture by dry alkanolamines and an efficient microwave regeneration process

Author:
J. Yang; H. Y. Tan; Q. X. Low; B. P. Binks; J. M. Chin
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.12 pp. 6440-6446
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
absorption; carbon dioxide; corrosion; energy; energy requirements; gases; hydrogen sulfide; liquids; microwave treatment; natural gas; sorbents
Abstract:
... Removal of acidic gases such as H₂S and CO₂ is performed during the purification of raw natural gas, most commonly using amine gas treatment. However, this industrially entrenched method is limited by significant shortcomings including low operational capture efficiency, amine pipeline corrosion and a large energy penalty due to the sorbent regeneration process. To address these shortcomings, we h ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ta06273f

87. CO₂ capture in rht metal–organic frameworks: multiscale modeling from molecular simulation to breakthrough prediction

Author:
Kang Zhang; Anjaiah Nalaparaju; Jianwen Jiang
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.31 pp. 16327-16336
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
adsorption; carbon dioxide; coordination polymers; gases; heat; hydrogen; ligands; metals; methane; models; molecular dynamics; nitrogen; prediction; pyridines; sorption isotherms; topology
Abstract:
... A multiscale modeling study is reported for CO₂ capture in a series of metal–organic frameworks (Cu-TDPAT, PCN-61, -66, -68, NOTT-112, NU-111 and NU-110). These MOFs share the same rht topology, though with different ligands. The predicted adsorption isotherms of pure gases (CO₂, N₂, H₂ and CH₄) agree well with experimental data. The structure–property relationships between adsorption capacity and ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ta01866h

88. Can Gap Tuning Schemes of Long-Range Corrected Hybrid Functionals Improve the Description of Hyperpolarizabilities?

Author:
Garza Alejandro J.; Osman Osman I.; Asiri Abdullah M.; Scuseria Gustavo E.
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2015 v.119 no.3 pp. 1202-1212
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
diagnostic techniques; gases; physical chemistry; solvents
Abstract:
... Long-range corrected hybrid density functionals (LC-DFT), with range separation parameters optimally tuned to obey Koopmans’ theorem, are used to calculate the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of prototypical charge-transfer compounds p-nitroaniline (PNA) and dimethylamino nitrostilbene (DANS) in the gas phase and various solvents. It is shown that LC-DFT methods with default range separation par ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp507226v

89. Capillary trapping mechanism in strongly water wet systems: Comparison between experiment and percolation theory

Author:
Helmut Geistlinger; Sadjad Mohammadian
Source:
Advances in water resources 2015 v.79 pp. 35-50
ISSN:
0309-1708
Subject:
Monte Carlo method; X-radiation; gases; glass; imbibition; mathematical theory; porosity; prediction; surface area; tomography; trapping; water resources
Abstract:
... To understand capillary trapping mechanism, we conduct a real Monte-Carlo experiment by using packed glass beads with nearly the same pore size distribution, but different stochastic realizations. We study gas phase trapping during imbibition for capillary numbers from 2×10−7 to 10−6 using X-ray micro tomography and compare the experimental results with predictions from percolation theory. We foun ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.02.010

90. Carbohydrate based hyper-crosslinked organic polymers with –OH functional groups for CO₂ separation

Author:
Haiying Li; Bo Meng; Shannon M. Mahurin; Song-Hai Chai; Kimberly M. Nelson; David C. Baker; Honglai Liu; Sheng Dai
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.42 pp. 20913-20918
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
absorption; alkylation; carbohydrates; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; crosslinking; gases; hydrogen bonding; moieties; nitrogen; polymers; porous media
Abstract:
... Recently, microporous organic polymers, especially those hyper-crosslinked from functionalized aromatic monomers, have been shown to be effective for CO₂ capture and storage with considerable capacity and selectivity. Herein, a class of novel microporous hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), based on green and renewable carbohydrates, was synthesized by Friedel–Crafts alkylation for carbon capture an ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ta03213j

91. Carbon Biomass Algorithms Development for Mangrove Vegetation in Kemujan, Parang Island Karimunjawa National Park and Demak Coastal Area – Indonesia

Author:
Agus Hartoko; Siska Chayaningrum; Dewati Ayu Febrianti; Dafit Ariyanto; Suryanti
Source:
Procedia Environmental Sciences 2015 v.23 pp. 39-47
ISSN:
1878-0296
Subject:
Avicennia marina; Bruguiera gymnorhiza; Ceriops tagal; Rhizophora apiculata; Rhizophora mucronata; Xylocarpus; algorithms; allometry; biomass; branches; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; chlorophyll; coasts; ecological function; equations; gases; global warming; greenhouse gases; leaves; mangrove forests; national parks; remote sensing; satellites; surveys; tropics; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The increase and accumulation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 was believed had caused global warming. Effort to decrease accumulation these gases is by increasing the role of mangrove forests with its ecological function as carbon sinks through good management system. To this date, very limited study on the mangrove carbon biomass using satellite data espescially in tropical region. Purpose of the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.007

92. Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation

Author:
Christopher H. Conaway; Burt Thomas; Nabil Saad; James J. Thordsen; Yousif K. Kharaka
Source:
Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 2015 v.51 no.2 pp. 344-358
ISSN:
1477-2639
Subject:
gases; spectrometers; oxidants; combustion; dissolved organic carbon; sodium chloride; brackish water; stable isotopes; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... This work examines the performance and limitations of a wet chemical oxidation carbon analyser interfaced with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (WCO-CRDS) in a continuous flow (CF) configuration for measuring δ ¹³C of dissolved organic carbon (δ ¹³C-DOC) in natural water samples. Low-chloride matrix (<5 g Cl/L) DOC solutions were analysed with as little as 2.5 mg C/L in a 9 mL aliquot with a precis ...
DOI:
10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910

93. Carbon molecular sieve membrane structure–property relationships for four novel 6FDA based polyimide precursors

Author:
Shilu Fu; Edgar S. Sanders; Sudhir S. Kulkarni; William J. Koros
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2015 v.487 pp. 60-73
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
argon (noble gases); artificial membranes; carbon; carbon dioxide; differential scanning calorimetry; gases; methane; microstructure; nitrogen; oxygen; permeability; polymers; pyrolysis; sorption isotherms; thermogravimetry; wide-angle X-ray scattering
Abstract:
... This study considers separation performance of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes formed by pyrolysis under argon at 550°C for four novel polyimide precursors referred to as 6FDA/DETDA, 6FDA:BPDA(1:1)/DETDA, 6FDA/DETDA:DABA(3:2) and 6FDA/1,5-ND:ODA(1:1). The CMS precursors were characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Wide-angle X-ray D ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.079

94. Carbonation of Vegetable Oils: Influence of Mass Transfer on Reaction Kinetics

Author:
Zheng Jun L.; Burel Fabrice; Salmi Tapio; Taouk Bechara; Leveneur Sébastien
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2015 v.54 no.43 pp. 10935-10944
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
bromides; carbon dioxide; carbonation; catalysts; differential scanning calorimetry; engineering; equations; gases; mass transfer; quaternary ammonium compounds; reaction kinetics; solubility; temperature; thermal stability; thermogravimetry; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... The carbonation of vegetable oils was studied by using tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) as catalyst. Thermal stability of TBAB was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and it was demonstrated that the maximum reaction temperature should not exceed 130 °C. Reaction conditions were optimum at 130 °C, 50 bar, with 3.5% mol of catalyst. The gas–liquid mass-t ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02006

95. Case studies of methane dispersion patterns and odor strength in vicinity of municipal solid waste landfill of Cluj–Napoca, Romania, using numerical modeling

Author:
Vasile Filip Soporan; Lucian Nascutiu; Bianca Soporan; Carol Pavai
Source:
Atmospheric Pollution Research 2015 v.6 pp. 312-321
ISSN:
1309-1042
Subject:
air flow; air pollution; airports; case studies; diurnal variation; entrepreneurship; gases; heat; landfills; mathematical models; methane; municipal solid waste; odors; pollutants; pollution control; rats; sustainable development; topography; urban planning; wind direction; Romania
Abstract:
... The study investigates the local characteristics of methane dispersion generated by the Pata Rat non–compliant municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill located in vicinity of Cluj–Napoca, Romania, using a numerical model developed at The Center for Promoting Entrepreneurship in the Sustainable Development Domain, from Technical University of Cluj–Napoca. The model was applied to the analysis of the me ...
DOI:
10.5094/APR.2015.035

96. Catalytic Dynamics and Oxygen Diffusion in Doped PrBaCo2O5.5+δ Thin Films

Author:
Enriquez Erik; Xu Xing; Bao Shanyong; Harrell Zach; Chen Chonglin; Choi Sihyuk; Jun Areum; Kim Guntae; Whangbo Myung-Hwan
Source:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2015 v.7 no.43 pp. 24353-24359
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
activation energy; behavioral resistance; diffusivity; electrical conductivity; energy conversion; gases; iron; oxidation; oxygen; strontium; temperature
Abstract:
... The Sr and Fe codoped double perovskites PrBaCo₂O₅.₅₊δ (PrBCO) thin films of Pr(Ba₀.₅Sr₀.₅)(Co₁.₅Fe₀.₅)O₅.₅₊δ (PBSCFO) were epitaxially grown for chemical catalytic studies. The resistance behavior of PBSCFO epitaxial films was monitored under the switching flow of reducing and oxidizing gases as a function of the gas flow time, t, using an electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) experimental set ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.5b07688

97. Catalytic cracking of non-edible sunflower oil over ZSM-5 for hydrocarbon bio-jet fuel

Author:
Xianhui Zhao; Lin Wei; James Julson; Qiquan Qiao; Ashish Dubey; Gary Anderson
Source:
New biotechnology 2015 v.32 pp. 300-312
ISSN:
1871-6784
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Helianthus annuus; X-ray diffraction; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; catalysts; catalytic cracking; distillation; fuels; gases; heat; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; oxygen; pH; scanning electron microscopy; sunflower oil; temperature; viscosity; wastes; water content
Abstract:
... Non-edible sunflower oils that were extracted from sunflower residual wastes were catalytically cracked over a ZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at three different reaction temperatures: 450°C, 500°C and 550°C. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, BET and SEM. Characterizations of the upgraded sunflower oils, hydrocarbon fuels, distillation residues and non-condensable gases were c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.nbt.2015.01.004

98. Catalytic decomposition of methanethiol to hydrogen sulfide over TiO2

Author:
Takashi Mukoyama; Naohiro Shimoda; Shigeo Satokawa
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2015 v.131 pp. 117-124
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
carbon; catalysts; desulfurization; dimethyl sulfide; fuel cells; gases; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; methane; methanethiol; surface area; temperature; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... As a new desulfurization process for fuel cell systems, catalytic direct decomposition of methanethiol into hydrogen sulfide on various metal oxides without hydrogen addition has been examined. Methanethiol was decomposed into hydrogen sulfide over several metal oxide catalysts at 300°C. Major metal oxide catalysts used in this study decomposed methanethiol completely at 500°C. However they would ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.11.013

99. Catalytic destruction vs. adsorption in controlling dioxin emission

Author:
Wei Ting Hsu; Pao Chen Hung; Moo Been Chang
Source:
Waste management 2015 v.46 pp. 257-264
ISSN:
0956-053X
Subject:
activated carbon; adsorption; emissions factor; filtration; fly ash; gases; hazardous waste; incinerators; industrial wastes; polychlorinated dibenzodioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; waste management; Taiwan
Abstract:
... This study investigates the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs achieved with a catalytic filter (CF) and with activated carbon injection followed by bag filter (ACI+BF) as applied in an industrial waste incinerator (IWI) and a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), respectively. Catalytic filtration has been successfully applied to remove PCDD/Fs from gas streams. Comparing the CF to the ACI+BF system, i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.002

100. Catalytic effect of metal chlorides on analytical pyrolysis of alkali lignin

Author:
Wen-Liang Wang; Xue-Yong Ren; Lu-Fei Li; Jian-Min Chang; Li-Ping Cai; Jing Geng
Source:
Fuel Processing Technology 2015 v.134 pp. 345-351
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; additives; calcium; calcium chloride; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; chromatography; ferric chloride; gases; iron; lignin; mass spectrometry; methane; molecular weight; phenols; potassium; potassium chloride; pyrolysis; thermal cracking; thermogravimetry
Abstract:
... The effect of KCl, CaCl2 and FeCl3 as additives on pyrolysis performance of alkali lignin was examined using thermogravimetric analyzer/Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PGC/MS). Notable differences of catalytic effects were observed after different metal chlorides were added. The yield of residual carbon and gases with low molecu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.02.015