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You searched for: Publication Year 2015 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2015 Subject term gases Remove constraint Subject term: gases Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. 15. Control of ice formation in biological samples

Author:
Ido Braslavsky
Source:
Cryobiology 2015 v.71 no.1 pp. 168
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
binding proteins; cooling; cryopreservation; crystallization; crystals; energy; gases; ice; ice nucleation; liquids; melting; melting point; metabolism; osmotic stress; solidification; solutes; sonication; supercooling; temperature; tissues; viscosity; vitrification; water content
Abstract:
... Lowering the temperature of a biological sample reduces the pace of biochemical metabolism and ultimately stops it altogether. This process, in combination with rewarming the sample with minimal tissue damage, is the essence of cryopreservation. A key obstacle to successful cryopreservation is that, as the biological material is cooled, liquid water within the sample may reorganize into a more sta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.05.021

2. A DEM investigation of transitional behaviour in gas-fluidised beds

Author:
Colin Thornton; Fang Yang; Jonathan Seville
Source:
Powder technology 2015 v.270 pp. 128-134
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
bubbles; fluidized beds; gases; physical properties; powders
Abstract:
... Using DEM simulations, the paper examines the different types of behaviour as the gas velocity is increased to cover the complete range from fixed bed to homogeneous expansion, bubbling, turbulent and fast fluidisation. The paper highlights the transitions between the various regimes. At minimum fluidisation velocity, Umf, the structure of the bed is isostatic. When the gas velocity U is increased ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2014.10.017

3. A DFT-D study on the interaction between lactic acid and single-wall carbon nanotubes

Author:
Alireza Najafi Chermahini; Abbas Teimouri; Hossein Farrokhpour
Source:
RSC advances 2015 v.5 no.118 pp. 97724-97733
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
adsorption; carbon nanotubes; density functional theory; energy; gases; lactic acid; moieties; optical isomerism; solvents; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... Density functional theory (DFT) was used to investigate the adsorption of lactic acid molecules on the surface of (4,4), (5,5), (6,6) and (7,7) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A hybrid DFT method with the inclusion of dispersion correction was employed and the results compared to those obtained from the non-corrected DFT method. The energies and optimum distances for two different configu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ra19949b

4. A Linear Model for the Estimation of Fuel Consumption and the Impact Evaluation of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems

Author:
Gennaro Nicola Bifulco; Francesco Galante; Luigi Pariota; Maria Russo Spena
Source:
Sustainability 2015 v.7 no.10 pp. 14326-14343
ISSN:
2071-1050
Subject:
energy use and consumption; environmental impact; gases; industry; linear models; traffic
Abstract:
... Reduction of the environmental impact of cars represents one of the biggest transport industry challenges. Beyond more efficient engines, a promising approach is to use eco-driving technologies that help drivers achieve lower fuel consumption and emission levels. In this study, a real-time microscopic fuel consumption model was developed. It was designed to be integrated into simulation platforms ...
DOI:
10.3390/su71014326

5. A Lithium Amide Protected Against Protonation in the Gas Phase: Unexpected Effect of LiCl

Author:
Lesage Denis; Barozzino-Consiglio Gabriella; Duwald Romain; Fressigné Catherine; Harrison-Marchand Anne; Faull Kym F.; Maddaluno Jacques; Gimbert Yves
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2015 v.80 no.12 pp. 6441-6446
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; chlorine; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; gases; lithium; lithium chloride; nitrogen; organic chemistry; organic compounds; protons
Abstract:
... In cold THF and in the presence of LiCl, a lithium pyrrolidinylamide forms a 1:1 mixed aggregate, which is observed directly by ESI-MS. Gas-phase protonation of this species leads to selective transfer of H⁺ to the chlorine, suggesting that LiCl shields the amide nitrogen and prevents its direct protonation. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.5b00875

6. A MILP model concerning the optimisation of penalty factors for the short-term distribution of byproduct gases produced in the iron and steel making process

Author:
Xiancong Zhao; Hao Bai; Xin Lu; Qi Shi; Jiehai Han
Source:
Applied energy 2015 v.148 pp. 142-158
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
boilers; byproducts; carbon dioxide; case studies; electricity costs; energy; energy conservation; gases; industry; iron; linear programming; models; operating costs; planning; statistical analysis; steel
Abstract:
... In integrated steel works, byproduct gases are generated in the iron and steel making process, which accounts for approximately 30% of the total energy involved. The efficient utilisation of these gases is significant for energy saving and CO2 reduction in the iron and steel industry. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model was proposed to optimise the byproduct gas manageme ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.046

7. A Management Strategy for Multiple Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests

Author:
Stig-Olof Holm
Source:
Journal of sustainable forestry 2015 v.34 no.4 pp. 358-379
ISSN:
1540-756X
Subject:
biodiversity; boreal forests; ecosystem services; forestry; gases; landscapes; logging; models; plantations; reindeer; sustainable forestry; trees; wood
Abstract:
... A change of the forestry management approach where semi-natural forests are re-created after logging instead of tree plantations will contribute to a sustainable forestry. Such a change will increase resilience to damages on trees, thus contributing to a more reliable supply of wood, improve reindeer husbandry, and reduce climate-driving gases. Furthermore, re-creation of semi-natural forests will ...
DOI:
10.1080/10549811.2015.1009633

8. A Simple Kinetic Model of Oil Generation, Vaporization, Coking, and Cracking

Author:
Burnham Alan K.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2015 v.29 no.11 pp. 7156-7167
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; cracking; gases; kinetics; models; oil shale; oils; pyrolysis; temperature; volatilization; Green River
Abstract:
... A simple model is presented that accounts for the effects of temperature, pressure, and externally supplied gas flow rate on the kinetics of oil evolution during oil shale pyrolysis. The primary transport mechanism for generated oil from retorting oil shale particles is, by far, vaporization in co-generated gases. The simple model is based on the concept that an equivalent volatility of the oil mu ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02026

9. A Singlet Thiophosphoryl Nitrene and Its Interconversion with Thiazyl and Thionitroso Isomers

Author:
Li Hongmin; Wu Zhuang; Li Dingqing; Zeng Xiaoqing; Beckers Helmut; Francisco Joseph S.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015 v.137 no.34 pp. 10942-10945
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
gases; irradiation; isomerization; isomers; photolysis; pyrolysis; spectroscopy; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Thiophosphoryl nitrenes, R₂P(S)N, are thiazirine-like intermediates that have been chemically inferred from trapping products in early solution studies. In this work, photolysis of the simplest thiophosphoryl azide, F₂P(S)N₃, in solid noble-gas matrices enabled a first-time spectroscopic (IR and UV–vis) identification of the thiophosphoryl nitrene F₂P(S)N in its singlet ground state. Upon visible- ...
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.5b07302

10. A combined geochemical and isotopic study of the fluids discharged from the Montecatini thermal system (NW Tuscany, Italy)

Author:
F. Capecchiacci; F. Tassi; O. Vaselli; G. Bicocchi; J. Cabassi; L. Giannini; B. Nisi; G. Chiocciora
Source:
Applied geochemistry 2015 v.59 pp. 33-46
ISSN:
0883-2927
Subject:
aquifers; bicarbonates; calcite; carbon dioxide; cold; gases; geochemistry; hot springs; isotope fractionation; longevity; mixing; rain; rocks; solubility; tectonics; total dissolved solids; watersheds; wells; Italy
Abstract:
... The thermo-mineral fluids discharges of Montecatini Terme (Northern Apennines, Tuscany, Italy) have been exploited since the Roman times and despite the fact that this thermal complex is one of the biggest in Europe, the most recent geochemical investigations were published almost 40years ago. To fill this gap, in this paper a detailed geochemical and isotopic investigation on the main thermal spr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.010

11. A comprehensive simulation of gas concentration impedance for solid oxide fuel cell anodes

Author:
M. Fadaei; R. Mohammadi
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2015 v.106 pp. 93-100
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
gases; momentum; equations; models; electrochemistry; mass transfer; anodes
Abstract:
... This paper presents electrochemical impedance simulation of a solid oxide fuel cell anode. The model takes in to account the gas-phase transport processes both in the gas channel and within the porous electrode and couples the gas transport processes with the electrochemical kinetics. The gas phase mass transport is modeled using the transient conservation equations (mass, momentum and species equ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.073

12. A dense La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O₃₋δ nano-film anode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Author:
Young-Wan Ju; Junji Hyodo; Atsushi Inoishi; Shintaro Ida; Tatsumi Ishihara
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.7 pp. 3586-3593
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
active sites; anodes; electrolytes; films (materials); fuel cells; fuels; gases; iron; nanosheets; nickel; strontium
Abstract:
... To achieve high power density in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), we introduce a dense La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O₃₋δ (LSFM) nano-film anode between a Ni–Fe metallic substrate and a LaGaO₃-based oxide electrolyte. Although a three-phase boundary (TPB) is believed to be required for anode active sites, the cell with the LSFM mixed-conductor thin-film anode exhibited much improved power ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ta05664g

13. A discrete-continuous approach to describe CaCO3 decarbonation in non-steady thermal conditions

Author:
Edoardo Copertaro; Paolo Chiariotti; Alvaro A. Estupinan Donoso; Nicola Paone; Bernhard Peters; Gian Marco Revel
Source:
Powder technology 2015 v.275 pp. 131-138
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
calcium carbonate; cement; energy; gases; industrial applications; mathematical models; powders; prediction; uncertainty
Abstract:
... In cement production, direct measurements of thermal and chemical variables are often unfeasible as a consequence of aggressive environments, moving parts and physical inaccessibility, and therefore prediction models are essential tools in these types of industrial applications. This article addresses the problem of the numerical prediction of the CaCO3 calcination process, which is the first and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2015.01.072

14. A fiber optic sensor with a metal organic framework as a sensing material for trace levels of water in industrial gases

Author:
Shin-Ichi Ohira; Yusuke Miki; Toru Matsuzaki; Nao Nakamura; Yu-ki Sato; Yasuo Hirose; Kei Toda
Source:
Analytica chimica acta 2015 v.886 pp. 188-193
ISSN:
0003-2670
Subject:
adsorption; air temperature; analytical chemistry; argon (noble gases); color; crystals; detection limit; dewpoint; fiber optics; gases; heat; helium; ligands; light intensity; metals; monitoring; nitrogen; oxygen; relative humidity; semiconductors; statistical analysis; water pollution
Abstract:
... Industrial gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and helium are easily contaminated with water during production, transfer and use, because there is a high volume fraction of water in the atmosphere (approximately 1.2% estimated with the average annual atmospheric temperature and relative humidity). Even trace water (<1 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of H2O, dew point < −76 °C) in the industr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.045

15. A high-performance hydroxyl-functionalized polymer of intrinsic microporosity for an environmentally attractive membrane-based approach to decontamination of sour natural gas

Author:
Shouliang Yi; Xiaohua Ma; Ingo Pinnau; William J. Koros
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2015 v.3 no.45 pp. 22794-22806
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
carbon dioxide; clean energy; decontamination; feeds; gases; greenhouse gas emissions; hydrogen sulfide; methane; natural gas; permeability; polymers; sorption; toxicity
Abstract:
... Acid gases carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are important and highly undesirable contaminants in natural gas, and membrane-based removal of these contaminants is environmentally attractive. Although removal of CO₂ from natural gas using membranes is well established in industry, there is limited research on H₂S removal, mainly due to its toxic nature. In actual field operations, wel ...
DOI:
10.1039/c5ta05928c

16. A kinetic study of vapor-phase cyclohexene epoxidation by H2O2 over mesoporous TS-1

Author:
Stephanie Kwon; Neil M. Schweitzer; Sunyoung Park; Peter C. Stair; Randall Q. Snurr
Source:
Journal of catalysis 2015 v.326 pp. 107-115
ISSN:
0021-9517
Subject:
activation energy; active sites; adsorption; cyclohexenes; epoxidation reactions; gases; hydrogen peroxide; kinetics; porous media
Abstract:
... A kinetic analysis of gas-phase cyclohexene epoxidation by H2O2 over mesoporous TS-1 was performed. The production of cyclohexene oxide was very stable with high selectivity. Based on the kinetic analysis, the gas-phase mechanism is proposed to be similar to that of the liquid-phase reaction: an Eley–Rideal type mechanism, in which the reaction between a Ti–OOH intermediate and the physisorbed alk ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcat.2015.04.005

17. A long-term study of new particle formation in a coastal environment: Meteorology, gas phase and solar radiation implications

Author:
M. Sorribas; J.A. Adame; F.J. Olmo; J.M. Vilaplana; M. Gil-Ojeda; L. Alados-Arboledas
Source:
Science of the total environment 2015 v.511 pp. 723-737
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
autumn; carbon monoxide; cold season; gases; meteorology; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; relative humidity; solar radiation; spring; sulfur dioxide; summer; temperature; wind direction; winter; Spain
Abstract:
... New particle formation (NPF) was investigated at a coastal background site in Southwest Spain over a four-year period using a Scanning Particle Mobility Sizer (SMPS). The goals of the study were to characterise the NPF and to investigate their relationship to meteorology, gas phase (O3, SO2, CO and NO2) and solar radiation (UVA, UVB and global). A methodology for identifying and classifying the NP ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.011

18. A mass spectrometric method for rapidly assaying the chiral selectivities of the copper(I) complexes of C2‐symmetric ligands

Author:
Mark C. Davis; Scott Gronert
Source:
Journal of mass spectrometry 2015 v.50 no.11 pp. 1279-1287
ISSN:
1076-5174
Subject:
catalysts; copper; enantiomers; gases; ligands; mass spectrometry; rapid methods; spectrometers
Abstract:
... A gas‐phase method for rapidly assaying the enantioselectivity of metal‐centered catalysts is presented. It relies on gas‐phase equilibrium measurements in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. A group of well‐established C₂‐symmetric bis‐oxazoline copper(I) complexes was used to identify chiral probe reagents that are capable of profiling the quality of the asymmetric environment provided by t ...
DOI:
10.1002/jms.3643

19. A mass spectrometric study and computer modeling of noncovalent interactions of cytosine with polyethylene glycol oligomers

Author:
V. G. Zobnina; V. V. Chagovets; O. A. Boryak; M. V. Kosevich
Source:
Journal of analytical chemistry 2015 v.70 no.13 pp. 1533-1541
ISSN:
1061-9348
Subject:
biophysics; computers; cytosine; evaporation; gases; ionization; mass spectrometry; methanol; molecular dynamics; molecular models; nanoparticles; nitrogen; nucleic acids; polyethylene glycol; protons; solvents
Abstract:
... Data on intermolecular noncovalent interactions of nitrogen base components of nucleic acid with organic polyethers are of interest both for fundamental molecular biophysics and for applications in the production of pharmaceutical organic nanoparticles. In the present work, systems composed of pyrimidine nitrogen base cytosine (Cyt) or its methyl derivatives and polyethylene glycol PEG-400 oligome ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1061934815130110

20. A mass spectrometric study of the acid-catalysed d-fructose dehydration in the gas phase

Author:
Federico Pepi; Andreina Ricci; Stefania Garzoli; Anna Troiani; Chiara Salvitti; Brunella Di Rienzo; Pierluigi Giacomello
Source:
Carbohydrate research 2015 v.413 pp. 145-150
ISSN:
0008-6215
Subject:
biomass; byproducts; fructose; gases; glucose; glyceraldehyde; hydroxymethylfurfural; industry; ions; levulinic acid; mass spectrometry; protons; spectrometers
Abstract:
... 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (5-HMF) and simpler compounds, such as levulinic acid (LA) and glyceraldehyde, are platform molecules produced by the thermal acid-catalyzed dehydration of carbohydrates coming from biomass. Understanding sugar degradation pathways on a molecular level is necessary to increase selectivity, reduce degradation by-products yields and optimize catalytic strategies, fundament ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carres.2015.05.013