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You searched for: Publication Year 2014 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2014 Source 2014 v.39 no.2 Remove constraint Source: 2014 v.39 no.2
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1. The Absorption and Fluorescence of Isoflavones and the Effect of Shift Reagents

Author:
Otto S. Wolfbeis; Eva Fiirlinger; Hem Chandra Jha; Fritz Zilliken
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 238-243
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; aluminum chloride; ammonia; borax; fluorescence; isoflavones; isomers; methanol; sodium acetate; sodium borate; sodium hydroxide; spectral analysis; sulfuric acid
Abstract:
... The absorption and fluorescence maxima of 20 isoflavones have been determined in methanol solution and the effect of addition of water, 50% sulfuric acid, aluminium trichloride, borax, sodium acetate, ammonia and sodium hydroxide has been studied. The following findings may be useful in the structure elucidation of naturally occurring isoflavones: (a) 5-Hydroxyisoflavones have band I absorption ma ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0220

2. Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae), a New Maidenhair Fern from Chiapas, Mexico

Author:
Hirai Regina Y.; Sundue Michael A.; Prado Jefferson
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 380-383
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Adiantum; ferns and fern allies; flora; indigenous species; new species; plant taxonomy; taxonomic keys; tropics; Mexico
Abstract:
... Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae) is described from Chiapas, Mexico. It is similar to A. raddianum, and previously identified as such, however it can be distinguished by its yellow-farinose indusia, the proximal acroscopic pinnule of each pinna usually overlapping the main rachis, flabellate segments, and rachises that are weakly flexuose distally. In contrast, A. raddianum has non-farinose indu ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680942

3. Agricultural Landscape Sustainability under Pressure: Policy Developments and Landscape Change

Author:
Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 123-140
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; environmental policy; farmers; farms; income; landscapes; planning; public policy; urbanization
Abstract:
... Agricultural landscape sustainability is affected by combinations of agricultural developments and various forms of urbanisation. This paper analyses how public policy, including spatial planning, has responded over time and affected these two drivers which intersect in various ways depending on the regional context and local conditions. Using data from recent Danish studies, the paper shows how a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.891726

4. Aquaporin water channel in the salivary glands of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus is predominant in workers and absent in soldiers

Author:
Kohei Kambara; Tomone Nagae; Wakako Ohmura; Masaaki Azuma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 94-102
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Bombyx mori; Coptotermes formosanus; Drosophila; aquaporins; enzymes; immunocytochemistry; ingestion; molecular weight; nests; plasma membrane; salivary glands; salivation; secretion; silkworms; social structure; subterranean termites
Abstract:
... Termite society is unique because the worker caste fetches and carries free water, utilizing it as a solvent for nest construction and gallery building and to maintain wetness for their nestmates. Such water management in a social organization relies largely upon the function of the workers in the colony, as well as on the individuals controlling the location and movement of water inside their bod ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12052

5. Assessing the effects of sodium on fire ant foraging in the field and colony growth in the laboratory

Author:
JULIAN RESASCO; SANFORD D. PORTER; NATHAN J. SANDERS; DOUGLAS J. LEVEY
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 267-271
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Solenopsis invicta; ant colonies; anthropogenic activities; baits; environmental impact; fire ants; foraging; population growth; sodium; sodium chloride
Abstract:
... Sodium is an essential dietary element and preferential foraging for high concentrations of sodium by inland herbivorous and omnivorous ants suggests it may be limiting. If so, increased sodium availability through altered deposition and anthropogenic sources may lead to increased colony and population growth and cascading ecological impacts. For red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, t ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12089

6. Bartonella Species in Fleas from Palestinian Territories: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity

Author:
Nasereddin A.; Risheq A.; Harrus S.; Azmi K.; Ereqat S.; Baneth G.; Salant H.; Mumcuoglu K.Y.; Abdeen Z.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Bartonella clarridgeiae; Bartonella elizabethae; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella koehlerae; Bartonella tribocorum; Ctenocephalides canis; Ctenocephalides felis; DNA; Procaviidae; Rattus rattus; Xenopsylla; cats; dogs; domestic animals; genes; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; loci; pathogens; phylogeny; rats; ribosomal RNA; risk; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of Bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from Palestinian territories are described. Flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern Palestinian territories (n=11). The prevalent flea species were: C ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-261

7. Beer Snobs Do Exist: Estimation of Beer Demand by Type

Author:
Daniel Toro-Gonzalez; Jill J. McCluskey; Ron C. Mittelhammer
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 174-187
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
beers; income elasticities; markets; sales; United States
Abstract:
... Although mass-produced beers still represent the vast majority of U.S. beer sales, there has been a significant growth trend in the craft beer segment. This study analyzes the demand for beer as a dierentiated product and estimates own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for beer by type: craft beer, mass-produced beer, and imported beer. We verify that beer is a normal good with a conside ...

8. Biting Patterns and Host Preference of Anopheles epiroticus in Chang Island, Trat Province, Eastern Thailand

Author:
Ritthison Wanapa; Tainchum Krajana; Manguin Sylvie; Bangs Michael J.; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 361-371
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles dirus; Anopheles epiroticus; Anopheles maculatus; Anopheles minimus; blood; coasts; dry season; females; hills; host preferences; insect vectors; malaria; species diversity; vector control; villages; Thailand
Abstract:
... A study of species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of Chang Island, Trat Province, in eastern Thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. Of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus Cellia and remaining specim ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-361

9. Borrelia crocidurae in Ornithodoros Ticks from Northwestern Morocco: A Range Extension in Relation to Climatic Change?

Author:
Souidi Yassine; Boudebouch Najma; Ezikouri Sayeh; Belghyti Driss; Trape Jean-François; Sarih M'hammed
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-320
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Borrelia crocidurae; Ornithodoros; burrows; climate change; dry environmental conditions; fever; humans; polymerase chain reaction; rodents; sequence analysis; ticks; Morocco
Abstract:
... Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by Borrelia spirochetes transmitted to humans by Argasid soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. We investigated the presence of Ornithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in nine sites of the Gharb region of northwestern Morocco where we recently documented a high incidence of TBRF in humans. We assessed the Borrelia infection rate by nested PCR and sequencing. ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-316

10. Characterization of a lectin from the craysfish Cherax quadricarinatus hemolymph and its effect on hemocytes

Author:
J.L. Sánchez-Salgado; M.A. Pereyra; O. Vivanco-Rojas; C. Sierra-Castillo; J.J. Alpuche-Osorno; E. Zenteno; C. Agundis
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 450-457
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Cherax quadricarinatus; affinity chromatography; alanine; blood serum; cattle; crayfish; erythrocytes; fetuins; galactose; glucose; hemagglutination; hemocytes; histidine; in vitro studies; lectins; mass spectrometry; methionine; mucins; rabbits; rats; receptors; sialic acids; stomach; superoxide anion; superoxide dismutase; swine
Abstract:
... Lectins participate in the immune mechanisms of crustaceans. They have been considered as humoral receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, some reports suggest that lectins could regulate crustacean cellular functions. In the present study, we purified and characterized a serum lectin (CqL) from the hemolymph of Cherax quadricarinatus by affinity chromatography and determined ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.039

11. Characterization of novel galactosylated chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides

Author:
Brenna A. Black; Yalu Yan; Sandra Galle; Ying Hu; Jonathan M. Curtis; Michael G. Gänzle
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 330-335
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Lactobacillus plantarum; beta-galactosidase; enzymatic reactions; lactose; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; polymerization
Abstract:
... This study determined whether chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) are suitable acceptor carbohydrates for the LacLM-type β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus plantarum. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with lactose as galactosyl-donor and chitinbiose (N,N′-diacetyl chitobiose), chitintriose (N,N′N″-triacetyl chitotriose) or a highly deacetylated COS preparation with a degre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.001

12. Chemical aspects of host‐acceptance behaviour in the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi: host‐acceptance signals used by different morphs with the same genotype

Author:
Ki Jung Nam; Jim Hardie
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Prunus padus; Prunus virginiana; Rhopalosiphum padi; adults; artificial diets; barley; beans; genotype; grasses; growing season; host plants; leaves; morphs; nymphs; parturition; plant extracts; progeny; seedlings
Abstract:
... Host acceptance by gynoparae and winged virginoparae of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is investigated utilizing leaves and aqueous extracts of the primary and secondary hosts, as well as nonhost plants. Gynoparae are specialized to reproduce on bird cherry Prunus padus L., whereas virginoparae reproduce and feed on various grasses. Host acceptance is assessed using levels of re ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12058

13. Chymosin-induced hydrolysis of caseins: Influence of degree of phosphorylation of alpha-s1-casein and genetic variants of beta-casein

Author:
Etske Bijl; Hein van Valenberg; Sybren Sikkes; Stijn Jumelet; Guido Sala; Kees Olieman; Toon van Hooijdonk; Thom Huppertz
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
alphaS1-casein; amino acid composition; beta-casein; chymosin; firmness; gel strength; gels; genetic variation; hydrolysis; milk; phosphates; phosphorylation; proteolysis; sodium caseinate
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of natural variations in αS1-casein and β-casein composition of milk on chymosin-induced hydrolysis of these caseins in milk gels and in sodium caseinate solutions. At 50% casein degradation, 15% more of αS1-casein with eight phosphate groups was hydrolysed compared with αS1-casein with nine phosphate groups in chymosin-induced milk gels. F ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.005

14. Classification and phagocytosis of circulating haemocytes in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the effect of extrinsic stimulation on circulating haemocytes in vivo

Author:
Sunjian Lv; Jiehao Xu; Jing Zhao; Na Yin; Binjie Lu; Song Li; Yuyin Chen; Haisheng Xu
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 415-422
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacillus subtilis; Eriocheir sinensis; aquaculture; crabs; cytoplasmic granules; electron microscopy; granules; granulocytes; hemocytes; lipopolysaccharides; pathogens; phagocytes; phagocytosis; polystyrenes; toxicity; China
Abstract:
... Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards 1854) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In this investigation, we characterised the different types of haemocytes of E. sinensis using light and electron microscopy combined with cytochemical analysis and determined the in vivo phagocytic ability of different haemocyte types by injecting polystyrene beads. The haemocytes of E. sinens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.036

15. Climate change impact on the limnology of Lake Kariba, Zambia–Zimbabwe

Author:
TS Mahere; MZ Mtsambiwa; PC Chifamba; T Nhiwatiwa
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
ecosystems; fisheries; global warming; heat transfer; lakes; limnology; prediction; temperature profiles; thermal stability; water temperature
Abstract:
... There is evidence that global warming is changing the thermal regimes of tropical lakes and this paper examines the impact of warming on the limnology of Lake Kariba. Between 1986 and 2011 the mean temperature of the lake rose by 0.7 °C, a rate equivalent to 0.03 °C y ⁻¹, but this increase was not uniform, being most pronounced in March and May (1.5 and 1.4 °C, respectively) and least in August an ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.927350

16. Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Collected with Light Trap in Deciduous Tropical Forest of Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Author:
Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio; Morón Miguel Ángel; Aragón-García Agustín; Ortega-Arenas Laura Delia; Reyes-Olivas Álvaro; Sánchez-Soto Bardo H.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 355-365
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Cyclocephala; Geotrupidae; Passalidae; Phyllophaga; Trogidae; adults; species diversity; tropical forests; Mexico
Abstract:
... Species richness, abundance, and seasonal distribution of Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea were evaluated in a deciduous tropical forest at Choix and El Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico, from July to October 2009 by means of nocturnal collections at three locations. More than 36,000 specimens were obtained, representing 45 species and 21 genera of Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Scarabaeinae, Hybosoridae, Oc ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0213

17. Colonization of a Newly Constructed Urban Wetland by Mosquitoes in England: Implications for Nuisance and Vector Species

Author:
Medlock Jolyon M.; Vaux Alexander G.C.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 249-260
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Culex; West Nile virus; aquatic habitat; constructed wetlands; drainage; drying; field experimentation; planning; protected species; sewage; sewage treatment; storms; vegetation; England
Abstract:
... Urban wetlands are being created in the UK as part of sustainable urban drainage strategies, to create wetland habitats lost during development, to provide a habitat for protected species, and to increase the public's access to ‘blue-space’ for the improvement of health and well-being. Sewage treatment reedbeds are also being incorporated into newly constructed wetlands to offer an alternative app ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-249

18. Comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues

Author:
SWAPNA R. PURANDARE; BRIGITTE TENHUMBERG; JENNIFER A. BRISSON
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 263-266
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Coccinella septempunctata; risk; Hippodamia convergens; Acyrthosiphon pisum; predators; laboratory experimentation; predation; progeny; habitats; females
Abstract:
... Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris; Hemiptera: Aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12080
PubMed:
24791058
PubMed Central:
PMC4002047

19. Competition between the Filth Fly Parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and M. raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Author:
Geden C. J.; Johnson D. M.; Kaufman P. E.; Boohene C. K.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 278-287
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Musca domestica; Muscidifurax raptor; adults; bioassays; birds of prey; females; hosts; parasitism; parasitoids; progeny; pupae
Abstract:
... Competition bioassays were conducted with the filth fly pupal parasitoids Muscidurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) and M. raptorellus (Kogan & Legner) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) hosts at different host densities. Muscidifurax raptor had a significant impact on M. raptorellus when hosts were limiting in sequential parasitism tests. Fewer than six ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-278

20. Cross-modal interaction between cheese taste and aroma

Author:
Jun Niimi; Andrew I. Eddy; Amy R. Overington; Patrick Silcock; Phil J. Bremer; Conor M. Delahunty
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 222-228
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Cheddar cheese; flavor; lactic acid; monosodium glutamate; odors; olfactometers; sodium chloride; taste
Abstract:
... The relative contributions of taste and aroma to the perception of cheese flavour intensity were investigated using a simultaneous gustometer olfactometer. Within a mixture of five tastes and a multicomponent aroma that had a mature Cheddar cheese character, the levels of NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), lactic acid, and aroma were varied according to a 24 full factorial design, all with appropri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.002

21. Cryptic and Overlooked: Species Delimitation in the Mycoheterotrophic Monotropsis (Ericaceae: Monotropoideae)

Author:
Rose Jeffrey P.; Freudenstein John V.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 578-593
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Ericaceae; autumn; chloroplast DNA; flowering; geographical distribution; herbs; morphometry; nuclear genome; phenology; plant taxonomy; principal component analysis; symbiosis; taxonomic revisions; Florida
Abstract:
... Most recent treatments of Monotropsis recognize a single species of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herbs endemic to the southeastern U. S. A. (M. odorata), although four species have been described. This study reevaluates these proposed taxa using a comprehensive approach to species delimitation analyzing variation in morphology, phenology, geography, nuclear DNA, and chloroplast DNA. Principa ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680762

22. Dairy and cardiovascular health: Friend or foe?

Author:
O. Markey; D. Vasilopoulou; D. I. Givens; J. A. Lovegrove
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 161-171
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
butter; milk consumption; cardiovascular diseases; fatty acid composition; humans; food matrix; inflammation; cheeses; risk factors; milk; obesity; saturated fatty acids; nutrients; ruminants; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence at a global level is predicted to increase substantially over the next decade due to the increasing ageing population and incidence of obesity. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to focus on modifiable contributors to CVD risk, including a high dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). As an important source of SFA in the UK diet, milk and dairy prod ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12086
PubMed:
25400508
PubMed Central:
PMC4207191

23. Darstellung und Struktur von 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4-7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan / Synthesis and Structure of l,2,5,6-Tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane

Author:
H.-J. Wörz; H. Pritzkow; H. P. Latscha
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 139-141
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Bicyclus; benzene; chemical reactions; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... The reaction of o-phenylenebis(dichlorphosphane) (3) with Lil in benzene gives 1,2,5,6- tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane (4a), whose structure is reported. The bicyclus is also characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0203

24. Darstellung, 11B-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren isomerenreiner Halogenohydrododecaborate XnB12H12–n2–; X = Cl, n = 1–3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1 / Preparation, nB NMR and Vibrational Spectra of Pure Isomeric Halohydrododecaborates XnB12H12-n2-; X = Cl, n = 1-3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1

Author:
H.-G. Srebny; W. Preetz; H. C. Marsmann
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; bromine; cellulose; chlorine; iodine; ion exchange chromatography; isomers; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; prediction
Abstract:
... Pure isomers of XₙB₁₂H₁₂₋ₙ²⁻; X = Cl, Br, I are isolated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The structures are determined by ¹¹B and ¹¹B {¹H}NMR spectroscopy. With X = Cl, Br the signal of ipso-B atomes is shifted to lower, with X = I to higher field compared with B₁₂H₁₂²⁻. The resonances of B-atoms influenced by the antipodal effect are observed at high field, increasi ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0212

25. Defining, researching and struggling for water justice: some conceptual building blocks for research and action

Author:
Margreet Z. Zwarteveen; Rutgerd Boelens
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-158
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
ecosystems; politics; social justice
Abstract:
... This article provides a framework for understanding water problems as problems of justice. Drawing on wider (environmental) justice approaches, informed by interdisciplinary ontologies that define water as simultaneously natural (material) and social, and based on an explicit acceptance of water problems as always contested, the article posits that water justice is embedded and specific to histori ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.891168

26. Detection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Dengue Virus as a Complementary Method for Increasing the Sensitivity of Surveillance: Identification of Serotypes 1, 2, and 4 by RT-PCR in Quintana Roo, Mexico

Author:
Méndez-Galván Jorge; Sánchez-Casas Rosa M.; Gaitan-Burns Alejandro; Díaz-González Esteban E.; Ibarra-Juarez Luis A.; Garza Carlos E. Medina de la; Dominguez-Galera Marco; Mis-Ávila Pedro; Fernández-Salas Ildefonso
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 307-316
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Dengue virus; disease outbreaks; females; monitoring; population; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; serotypes; Mexico
Abstract:
... Sensitivity of monitoring Aedes aegypti (L.) populations was determined to identify the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) during epidemics in Quintana Roo. From September to November 2012, we used a motorized aspirator to collect 2,144 female Ae. aegypti from 569 homes. These were grouped into 220 to use semi-nested RT-PCR for DENV, and positive groups were analyzed individually. Five groups (2. ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0208

27. Developing science-based policy for protecting the Waterloo Moraine groundwater resource

Author:
Ray J. Blackport; Mark L. Dorfman
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 209-227
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
Clean Water Act; data collection; groundwater; hydrologic models; issues and policy; land use; public water supply; risk management; technology; uncertainty; wells; Ontario
Abstract:
... The Waterloo Moraine has been used as a municipal water source for more than 100 years. Groundwater currently provides about 80% of the Region of Waterloo’s municipal water needs with much of this water originating from the Waterloo Moraine. Water supply management and land-use controls are both critical in sustaining and maintaining the groundwater resource. In order to manage the water resource ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914803

28. Diazadiene als Steuerliganden in der Homogenen Katalyse, VIII [1] Katalytische Trimerisierung substituierter Acetylencarbonsäureester und Isolierung eines Acetylendicarbonsäureester-Diazadien-Nickel(0)-Addukts / Diazadienes as Controlling Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis, VIII [1] Catalytic Trimerization of Substituted Acetylene Carbonic Acid Esters and Isolation of an Acetylene Dicarbonic Acid Ester Diazadiene Nickel(0) Adduct

Author:
Rainer Diercks; Heindirk tom Dieck
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 180-184
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; acetylene; carbonic acid; carboxylic acids; catalytic activity; esters; ligands; nickel; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Nickel(0) complexes of diazadienes (dad = RN = CR' - CR ' = NR) catalyse the trimerization of esters of 2-butynoic acid, phenylpropynoic acid and butynedioic acid to give hexasubstituted benzenes with the unsymmetrical esters 2 as the main products. A primary adduct 7 of acetylene dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester of the type (dad)Ni(alkyne) could be isolated and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR and UV ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0210

29. Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Author:
Frauke Fedderwitz; Niklas Björklund; Velemir Ninkovic; Göran Nordlander
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; adults; egg production; females; forest regeneration; girdling; locomotion; males; plant response; seedlings; Europe
Abstract:
... The pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae] has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, although there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, in the present study, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruc ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12053

30. Dimere Naphthochinone, X* Ein neuartiger Syntheseweg zu Desapogossypolon-tetraethylether / Dimeric Naphthoquinones, X* A Convenient Synthesis of Desapogossypolone Tetraethyl Ether

Author:
Hartmut Laatsch
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 244-247
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; gossypol; naphthoquinones
Abstract:
... Desapogossypolone tetraethyl (2b), a degradation product of gossypol (1), was obtained in a simple way by oxidative coupling of 6,7-diethoxy-4-methoxy-1-naphthol (7c) and C-methylation with diazomethane ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0221

31. Dispersal and recruitment of fish in an intermittent stream network

Author:
Tim Dexter; Nick Bond; Robin Hale; Paul Reich
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
temporal variation; species dispersal; winter; landscapes; surveys; drought; spring; habitat conservation; streams; swimming; perch; Galaxiidae; surface water; population structure; habitats
Abstract:
... Animal movement is an important process connecting habitats in heterogeneous landscapes, and can play a key role in population persistence. Laboratory swim trials were conducted to determine and compare the dispersal capabilities of two native Australian fish, mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, Family Galaxiidae) and southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis, Family Nannopercidae) that maintain ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12064

32. Distinct regulation patterns of the two prophenoloxidase activating enzymes corresponding to bacteria challenge and their compensatory over expression feature in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Author:
Zhenguo Pang; Su-Kyoung Kim; Jiaping Yu; In-kwon Jang
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 158-167
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; Vibrio harveyi; bacteria; enzymes; genes; hemolymph; innate immunity; melanization; messenger RNA; mortality; pathogens; prophenoloxidase; shrimp; tissues; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 2 (PPAE2), which belongs to the second PPAE family of prawns, was isolated from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The currently identified lvPPAE2 and lvPPAE1 from our former report were taken as model candidates to analyze the relationship of the two shrimp PPAE families as well as the regulation mechanism of shrimp PPAEs. The tissue expression of lvPPAE2 was m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.026

33. Documentation of the Chromosome Number for Zigadenus glaberrimus (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and its Significance in the Taxonomy of Tribe Melanthieae

Author:
Zomlefer Wendy B.; McKain Michael; Rentsch Jeremy
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 411-414
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Zigadenus; chromosome number; hexaploidy; plant taxonomy
Abstract:
... The monotypic genus Zigadenus occupies a critical position in the evolution of Melanthieae as sister to the clade comprising the rest of the genera in the tribe. Meiotic (n = 27) and mitotic (2n = 54) chromosome counts for Zigadenus glaberrimus documented here do not support a long-standing tentative report of 2n = 52. The likely base chromosome number of the tribe and significance of chromosome n ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680951

34. Dynamic changes in volatile emissions of breeding burying beetles

Author:
Wolf Haberer; Sandra Steiger; Josef K. Müller
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 153-164
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Nematoda; Nicrophorus vespilloides; alcohols; aldehydes; arthropods; bacteria; breeding; brood rearing; emissions; esters; females; fungi; gas chromatography; headspace analysis; ketones; males; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; parasites; phenolic compounds; surveys; terpenoids; vertebrates; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Burying beetles reproduce on small vertebrate carcasses by exhibiting elaborate biparental brood care. Partner recognition in breeding Nicrophorus species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) relies substantially on information encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Until recently, it was unknown whether breeding burying beetles also produce volatile low molecular weight substances and, if so, which functi ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12059

35. Early growth and obesity risk – What should health professionals be advising?

Author:
E. Papadopoulou; S. Stanner
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 195-212
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
at-risk population; underweight; obesity; adults; breast feeding; women; human development; low birth weight; observational studies; energy balance; infant formulas; risk factors; pregnancy; children; infancy; diabetes; lifestyle; infants; weight gain; nutritional status; complementary foods; health care workers; body composition; protein content; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Obesity rates in the UK have been continuously increasing among adults and children and have been attributed to nutritional and lifestyle practices that promote a positive shift in energy balance. Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that the origins of obesity start at the earliest stages of human development and specifically pre‐conception, in utero and during early inf ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12090

36. Eating fish for two

Author:
J. J. Strain
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 181-186
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
adverse effects; child development; education; epidemiological studies; fetal development; fish; fish consumption; issues and policy; methylmercury compounds; neurodevelopment; nutrients; polyunsaturated fatty acids; pregnancy; risk; toxicity; whales; Faroe Islands; Seychelles; United Kingdom; United States
Abstract:
... This article is based on the British Nutrition Foundation's Annual Lecture 2013, which focused on maternal fish consumption and the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on fetal development, with respect to current guidance and policy on fish consumption during pregnancy. Fish makes a valuable contribution to nutrient intakes across the globe and is the primary protein source for many individuals, part ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12088
PubMed:
25132804
PubMed Central:
PMC4131443

37. Ecological Succession and Its Impact on Malaria Vectors and Their Predators in Borrow Pits in Western Ethiopia

Author:
Kiszewski Anthony E.; Teffera Zelalem; Wondafrash Melaku; Ravesi Michael; Pollack Richard J.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 414-423
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Acroceras macrum; Anopheles gambiae; Centella asiatica; Culex; Cyperus; Leersia hexandra; Notonectidae; Smithia; Trifolium; breeding; ecological succession; fauna; grasses; habitats; immatures; invertebrates; larvae; legumes; malaria; plant communities; predators; soil; surveys; watersheds; wet season; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... Soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of Africa. Borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of Western Ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to Anophel ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-414

38. Editorial: Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes

Author:
Simon Swaffield; Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 101-106
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; attitudes and opinions; funding; issues and policy; resource management
Abstract:
... The opinions expressed and arguments employed in the papers derived from the 2011 Copenhagen Workshop are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. The 2011 Copenhagen Workshop from which the special issue papers on ‘Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes’ were developed ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.889461

39. Effect of high-pressure-processing on lipolysis and volatile compounds of Brie cheese during ripening and refrigerated storage

Author:
Javier Calzada; Ana del Olmo; Antonia Picon; Manuel Nuñez
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 232-239
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Brie cheese; acids; alcohols; aldehydes; amines; cold storage; color; consumer acceptance; esters; ethers; fatty acid composition; free fatty acids; hydrocarbons; ketones; lipolysis; manufacturing; odors; pyrazines; ripening; sulfur; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Brie cheeses were high pressure (HP)-treated at 400 or 600 MPa, on days 14 or 21 after manufacture, to prevent over-ripening. HP-treatment reduced total free fatty acid content of 120-day-old cheese by up to 88.5%. On day 120, HP-treated cheeses had levels of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and ethers up to 3.4, 1.9, 43.8, 18.7 and 5.6 times higher, respectively, than control cheese, while keto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.007

40. Effect of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera

Author:
Abdul R. War; Hari C. Sharma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 136-142
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Helicoverpa armigera; adverse effects; correlation; crops; genotype; induced resistance; insect control; insect growth; insect pests; jasmonic acid; larvae; midgut; peanuts; proteins; salicylic acid; secondary metabolites; trypsin
Abstract:
... Induced resistance in plants affects insect growth and development as a result of the up‐regulation of defence‐related secondary metabolites or enzyme‐binding proteins. In the present study, the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) are examined. Larval survival, larval weights and the activities of digestive enzymes ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12057

41. Effect of the pH of skim milk at heating on milk concentrate viscosity

Author:
Skelte G. Anema; Edwin K. Lowe; Siew Kim Lee; Henning Klostermeyer
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 336-343
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
blood serum; evaporation; heat; kappa-casein; micelles; pH; skim milk; total solids; viscosity; whey protein
Abstract:
... Concentrates from skim milk heated at pH 6.5 to 7.1 had viscosities that followed power law behaviour and could be described by consistency coefficients (K) and flow behaviour indices (n). On evaporation to 40% total solids, milk heated at pH 6.5 produced concentrates with higher K than those from unheated milk. Milk samples heated at pH 7.1 produced concentrates with lower K than those from unhea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.010

42. Effect of water trophic level on the impact of the water hyacinth moth Niphograpta albiguttalis on Eichhornia crassipes

Author:
K Canavan; JA Coetzee; MP Hill; ID Paterson
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 203-208
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Eichhornia crassipes; Niphograpta albiguttalis; biological control agents; eutrophication; greenhouse experimentation; herbivores; invasive species; moths; water quality; South Africa
Abstract:
... Eutrophication contributes to the proliferation of alien invasive weed species such as water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes . Although the South American moth Niphograpta albiguttalis was released in South Africa in 1990 as a biological control agent against water hyacinth, no post-release evaluations have yet been conducted here. The impact of N. albiguttalis on water hyacinth growth was quantifie ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.893225

43. Effectiveness of Noninvasive DNA Analysis to Reveal Isolated-Forest Use by the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
DNA; Martes; females; forests; genetic markers; home range; males; monitoring; urine; wintering grounds; Japan
Abstract:
... In order to assess importance of isolated forests as the wintering habitat of the sable (Martes zibellina) in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we performed DNA analyses on 59 samples noninvasively collected in field (54 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples). Consequently, 46 (41 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples) of the 59 samples were recognized to have dropped from the sable. In addition, we successfully i ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0205

44. Effects of Consequentiality in Binary- and Multinomial-Choice Surveys

Author:
Matthew G. Interis; Daniel R. Petrolia
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 201-216
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
issues and policy; prediction; surveys
Abstract:
... We examine the effect of respondent perceptions of consequentiality on a split-sample binary-choice/multinomial-choice stated-preference survey. We fail to observe the knife-edge results predicted in the consequentiality literature in the binary-choice data but do observe them in the multinomial-choice data. In the multinomial-choice data, only respondents who believed the survey was at least some ...

45. Effects of group size on aggregation against desiccation in woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea)

Author:
Pierre Broly; Laëtitia Devigne; Jean‐Louis Deneubourg; Cédric Devigne
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Porcellio scaber; aggregation behavior; air; group size; surface area
Abstract:
... Aggregation in terrestrial isopods, a behaviour that results in the formation of dense clusters, is readily accepted as a mechanism of resistance to desiccation. Thus, aggregation is considered to be an adaptation to terrestrial life in this fully terrestrial suborder of crustaceans. In the present study of Porcellio scaber Latreille, a cosmopolitan species, individual water loss is investigated e ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12060

46. Effects of predation risk and plant resistance on Manduca sexta caterpillar feeding behaviour and physiology

Author:
JENNIFER S. THALER; HEIDY CONTRERAS; GOGGY DAVIDOWITZ
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 210-216
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Manduca sexta; Podisus maculiventris; feeding behavior; food availability; host plants; ingestion; insect larvae; physiological response; predation; predators; resting metabolic rate; risk; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Because predation risk typically alters how prey forage for food, interactions between predation risk and food availability are commonly found. Less is known about how host plant quality and predation risk interact to affect prey behaviour and physiology. Using the caterpillar, Manduca sexta, and its predator, Podisus maculiventris, the effects of predation risk and host plant quality on caterpill ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12086

47. Efficient preparation of sialyloligosaccharides from bovine colostrum facilitated by an improved thin-layer chromatographic monitoring system

Author:
T. Terabayashi; S. Endo; Y. Uemura; M. Morita; K. Fukuda; T. Urashima
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 240-245
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
acetic acid; cow colostrum; fluorescence; high performance liquid chromatography; isomers; mass spectrometry; milk; monitoring; solvents; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) system is described for the investigation of bovine milk sialyloligosaccharides (SOSs). A solvent system, acetone/2-propanol/pyridine/water/acetic acid (60:60:10:30:3, by vol), was developed for the clear separation of sialyl-lactose and sialyl-lactosamine including their isomers, 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glc), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL, Neu5Ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.006

48. Egg development of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata along latitudinal gradients

Author:
LENNIE ROTVIT; DEAN JACOBSEN
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 177-185
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Ephemeroptera; Odonata; Plecoptera; aquatic insects; eggs; latitude; seasonal variation
Abstract:
... Interest in the effect of temperature on ecophysiological processes is growing. Using published data, a meta‐analysis was carried out on the influence of temperature on duration of egg development of the aquatic insect orders Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata in relation to latitudinal compensation. The aim was to test the hypotheses on thermal adaptation and countergradient variation. The ord ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12085

49. Enhanced characterisation of milk fat globules by their size, shape and refractive index with scanning flow cytometry

Author:
Anastasiya I. Konokhova; Andrey A. Rodionov; Konstantin V. Gilev; Ilya M. Mikhaelis; Dmitry I. Strokotov; Alexander E. Moskalensky; Maxim A. Yurkin; Andrei V. Chernyshev; Valeri P. Maltsev
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-323
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
fat globules; flow cytometry; light scattering; milk; milk fat; models; refractive index; surface area
Abstract:
... We present a high-precision method for characterisation of a milk sample by the distributions over milk fat globules (MFG) size, shape, and refractive index (RI). We measured light-scattering profiles of individual MFGs and used global optimisation to retrieve their characteristics. We tested two optical models, a sphere and an oblate spheroid, and found that the latter is a more adequate model fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.006

50. Entomofaunistic Diversity in a Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Agroecosystem in Coahuila, Mexico

Author:
Márquez-Hernández C.; Santana S.; Ávila V.; García J.L.; Preciado P.; Moreno A.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 317-326
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
cotton; agroecosystems; Lepidoptera; fauna; pitfall traps; Gossypium hirsutum; transgenic plants; Sphecidae; Cicadellidae; pests; Formicidae; toxicity; insects; adults; Curculionidae; Mexico
Abstract:
... Studies are lacking of entomofaunistic diversity studies in artificial ecosystems such as agroecosystems. It is estimated that in agroecosystems only 3% of the species behave as pests and 97% are auxiliary fauna. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a protein toxic against some lepidopterans; however, some studies mention that it harms other orders of insects. The purpose of this study wa ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0209

51. Evaluation of Onion Germplasm for Resistance to Iris Yellow Spot (Iris yellow spot virus) and Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci

Author:
Boateng C. O.; Schwartz H. F.; Havey M. J.; Otto K.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 237-260
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
germplasm; Iris yellow spot tospovirus; cultivars; insect pests; plant diseases and disorders; germplasm evaluation; Allium cepa; host plants; breeding; insect vectors; onions; disease resistance; integrated pest management; field experimentation; USDA; germplasm conservation; pest resistance; breeding lines; Thrips tabaci; Colorado
Abstract:
... Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most economically important monocot besides grasses. The crop suffers severe damage from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. In addition to causing direct feeding damage, onion thrips is the principal vector of the economically important Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus sp., family Bunyaviridae). Any attempt to manage th ...
Handle:
10113/58964
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0218

52. Evolution, epigenetics and cooperation

Author:
Patrick Bateson
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 191-200
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
epigenetics; evolution; genes; group behavior; heat
Abstract:
... Explanations for biological evolution in terms of changes in gene frequencies refer to outcomes rather than process. Integrating epigenetic studies with older evolutionary theories has drawn attention to the ways in which evolution occurs. Adaptation at the level of the gene is giving way to adaptation at the level of the organism and higher-order assemblages of organisms. These ideas impact on th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9342-7
PubMed:
24736153

53. Examining the emerging role of groundwater in water inequity in India

Author:
Veena Srinivasan; Seema Kulkarni
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 172-186
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
case studies; groundwater; groundwater extraction; issues and policy; monitoring; planning; surface water; wells; India
Abstract:
... This article addresses a gap in the water equity literature arising from the simultaneous use of surface water and groundwater in India. Using two diverse case studies – one agricultural (Kukdi) and one urban (Chennai) – we demonstrate how gaps in planning, design and policy exacerbate inequity. Groundwater abstraction from user wells allows wealthier users to both free-ride and capture a greater ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.890998

54. Extirpation and Tribal Reintroduction of Coho Salmon to the Interior Columbia River Basin

Author:
Peter F. Galbreath; Michael A. Bisbee; Douglas W. Dompier; Cory M. Kamphaus; Todd H. Newsome
Source:
Fisheries 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 77-87
ISSN:
1548-8446
Subject:
American Indians; Oncorhynchus kisutch; breeding stock; fisheries; habitats; hatcheries; juveniles; nutrition; rivers; salmon; spawning; tribal peoples; urbanization; watersheds; Columbia River
Abstract:
... Harvest of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River basin has been fundamental to the nutrition, economy, and cultural and religious beliefs of the regional Native American tribes. Agricultural development, dam construction, urbanization, and overharvest following colonization by European-origin settlers, however, resulted in dramatic reductions in salmon runs and negative impacts to the well-be ...
DOI:
10.1080/03632415.2013.874526

55. Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of the Vitamin B12 Analogues Hydrogenobalamin and Cupribalamin

Author:
Lutz Grotjahn; Volker B. Koppenhagen; Ludger Ernst
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 248-251
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
cobalt; mass spectrometry; vitamin B12
Abstract:
... Hydrogenobalam in (metal-free vitamin B₁₂) and cupribalamin are characterized by their fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra which show molecular ion and characteristic fragment ion peaks. These spectra and the high-resolution FAB mass spectrum of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) show that the (M+H)⁺-CN-59 peak for the latter is due to loss of acetamide and not of the central cobalt atom. In the FAB mas ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0222

56. Feeding common carp Cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates C-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following PAMPs injection

Author:
Nicolas Pionnier; Alberto Falco; Joanna J. Miest; Annette K. Shrive; Dave Hoole
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 285-295
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
C-reactive protein; Cyprinus carpio; beta-glucans; blood serum; body weight; complement; diet; feed additives; fish; gene expression; genes; immunostimulants; kidneys; liver; midgut; oral administration; tissues
Abstract:
... The effect of β-glucan as a feed additive on the serum and gene profile of C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement acute phase responses was ascertained in common carp Cyprinus carpio. In addition effects of subsequent intraperitoneal injections of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), i.e. LPS or poly(I:C), to mimic bacterial or viral infection respectively, were studied. Carp were firs ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.008

57. Flagellar motility contributes to the invasion and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila in Anguilla japonica macrophages

Author:
Yingxue Qin; Guifang Lin; Wenbo Chen; Bei Huang; Wenshu Huang; Qingpi Yan
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 273-279
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Anguilla japonica; Escherichia coli; amino acids; bacteria; biogenesis; flagellum; genetic conjugation; macrophages; mutagenesis; mutants; open reading frames; pathogens; transposons
Abstract:
... The interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host phagocytes is complicated. It is generally believed that only obligate intracellular pathogens can invade and survive in host phagocytes. In this study, we revealed that the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila B11 can also invade and survive in the macrophages of its host Anguilla japonica in vitro. To further investigate the mechanisms of A. hy ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.016

58. Fluorescence Properties of Hydroxy- and Methoxyflavones and the Effect of Shift Reagents

Author:
Otto S. Wolfbeis; Monowara Begum; Hans Geiger
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 231-237
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; aluminum chloride; borax; flavonols; fluorescence; fluorescence emission spectroscopy; hydrogen; isomers; magnesium sulfate; methanol; oxygen; sodium acetate; sodium bicarbonate; sodium carbonate; sulfuric acid
Abstract:
... The fluorescence spectra of 42 hydroxy- and methoxyflavones in methanol solution have been investigated. The following findings are considered to be useful in structure elucidation and identification of flavonoids: (a) The maxima of the absorption and fluorescence bands give, in most cases, a unique combination; (b) flavones exhibit exceptionally large Stokes’ shifts (6,800 to 10,000 cm⁻¹); (c) mo ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0219

59. Groundwater knowledge management for southern Ontario: An example from the Oak Ridges Moraine

Author:
Steve Holysh; Richard Gerber
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 240-253
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
consultants; databases; groundwater; hydrogeology; information management; information systems; philosophy; water management; water quality; Ontario
Abstract:
... The interest surrounding groundwater protection in Southern Ontario has grown considerably since the Walkerton tragedy of May 2000. Since that time, a number of technical studies have been undertaken by the Province to support the preparation of Source Water Protection plans. Underlying all sound water resource management initiatives in Ontario is the need for a renewed focus on the fundamentals, ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914788

60. Growth rates of alien Oreochromis niloticus and indigenous Oreochromis mortimeri in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

Author:
PC Chifamba; JJ Videler
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 167-176
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Oreochromis niloticus; age structure; data collection; equations; indigenous species; lakes; otoliths; Zimbabwe
Abstract:
... Growth rates of indigenous Oreochromis mortimeri and alien Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Kariba were estimated from samples collected in 1997–2000, 2003–2005 and 2010–2011. Growth zones on scales and otoliths of O. niloticus and on the otoliths and opercula of O. mortimeri were deposited annually. Age estimates obtained from otoliths, scales and opercula were similar for both species. Length at ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.903375

61. Habitual Bark Gleaning by Cambodian Striped Squirrels Tamiops rodolphii (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Cat Tien National Park, South Vietnam

Author:
Youlatos Dionisios; Panyutina Aleksandra A.
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 73-81
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Sciuridae; bark; claws; foraging; national parks; squirrels; tropical forests; Central Africa; South Africa; South America; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Bark gleaning, habitual foraging over the bark of very wide vertical arboreal substrates by claw clinging and climbing with extremely abducted limbs, represents one of the most interesting squirrel adaptations and is associated with the morphologically specialized pygmy squirrels. However, this behavior may be also common in other small squirrels, such as Cambodian striped squirrels (Tamiops rodol ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0202

62. Identification and characterization of a goose-type lysozyme from sewage snail Physa acuta

Author:
Yunhai Guo; Hongxuan He
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 321-325
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Micrococcus; Physa; binding sites; cDNA libraries; complementary DNA; expressed sequence tags; hepatopancreas; invasive species; lysozyme; messenger RNA; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; recombinant proteins; sewage; snails; suppression subtractive hybridization; surface water; water pollution
Abstract:
... Freshwater snail Physa acuta has been considered as an important invasive species and medical mollusc. Field investigation has shown that this snail could survive better than other snails in polluted water bodies. To understand the immune mechanisms of P. acuta, suppression subtractive hybridization hepatopancreas cDNA library has been constructed with bacterial challenge. In this study, a full-le ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.029

63. Identification of key odorants of fried cottage cheese and contribution of Galactomyces geotrichum MK017 to the formation of 2-phenylethanol and related rose-like aroma compounds

Author:
Małgorzata A. Majcher; Kamila Myszka; Justyna Kubiak; Henryk H. Jeleń
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 324-329
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Galactomyces geotrichum; cheese ripening; cottage cheese; dimethyl sulfide; flavor; frying; gas chromatography; honey; octenol; odor compounds; odors; olfactometry; phenylacetaldehyde; phenylacetic acid; phenylalanine; phenylethyl alcohol; sensory evaluation; statistical analysis; taxonomic keys
Abstract:
... The identification of key odorants and production of 2-phenylethanol and related rose-like aroma compounds by a Galactomyces geotrichum MK01 species was examined in a fried cottage cheese. Odours were characterised as having cheesy, milky, buttery and rancid notes that were developed from 15 odorants: 2,3-butanedione, 3-(methylthio)-propanal, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, dimethylsulphide, dimethy ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.008

64. Immune responses of prophenoloxidase in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain against Vibrio alginolyticus infection: In vivo and in vitro gene silencing evidence

Author:
Ya'nan Yang; Chenchang Bao; An Liu; Haihui Ye; Huiyang Huang; Shaojing Li
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 237-244
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Scylla paramamosain; Scylla serrata; Vibrio alginolyticus; amino acids; arthropods; bacteria; bacterial infections; complementary DNA; crabs; double-stranded RNA; enzyme activity; gene silencing; genes; hemocyanin; hemocytes; immune response; in situ hybridization; melanization; messenger RNA; molecular weight; monophenol monooxygenase; open reading frames; prophenoloxidase; staining
Abstract:
... Phenoloxidase (PO) plays an important role in arthropod melanization. In the present study, a proPO gene was obtained from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, then we localized the proPO mRNA in hemocytes and detected the expression of proPO after bacterial challenge. In vivo and in vitro gene silencing mediated by dsRNA was also used to investigate the function of proPO in innate immune. The full-l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.014

65. Impedance of an Oxygen Reducing Gas-Diffusion Electrode

Author:
Dietrich Wabner; Rudolf Holze; Peter Schmittinger
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 157-162
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
polytetrafluoroethylene; activated carbon; fuel cells; electrodes; air; oxygen
Abstract:
... The impedance of teflon bonded electrodes was measured in the frequency domain. These electrodes based on activated carbon as electrocatalyst were developed for fuel cell applications. When feeding the electrode with air or oxygen the impedance spectra could be explained by two Nernst diffusion processes and a small charge transfer process.Two methods for separating the measured impedance into par ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0207

66. Indirect estimation of Recent Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Migration in Tsurugi Quasi-National Park, Shikoku, Japan

Author:
Yamashiro Asuka; Yamashiro Tadashi; Mori Kazuo; Kamada Mahito
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 83-89
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; deer; feces; hills; information management; microsatellite repeats; mountains; national parks; Japan
Abstract:
... To provide information for the management of sika deer in Tsurugi Quasi-National Park, Shikoku, Japan, we analyzed population genetic structure and migration patterns in the national park and surrounding areas based on from six to seven microsatellite loci using tissue and fecal samples. Bayesian clustering divided the deer into two populations, the Tokushima population and the Kochi population. T ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0203

67. Influence of selected abiotic factors on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Olifants River catchment, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Author:
M Kemp; KN de Kock; V Wepener; W Roets; L Quinn; CT Wolmarans
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 141-149
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
correspondence analysis; ecoregions; macroinvertebrates; pH; rivers; species diversity; surveys; temperature; vegetation; watersheds; South Africa
Abstract:
... Biodiversity is frequently seen as an indicator of ecological health. Therefore a survey of the macroinvertebrates of the Olifants River, one of the most polluted rivers in South Africa, was conducted in 2010–2011. Four surveys were conducted at a total of seven sampling sites in four ecoregions, Highveld-Upper, Highveld-Lower, Lowveld-Lower and Eastern Escarpment mountain range, using sweepnets t ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.923371

68. Influence of supersaturation level on the morphology of α-lactose monohydrate crystals

Author:
P. Parimaladevi; K. Srinivasan
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 301-311
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
chemical structure; cooling; crystals; evaporation; solutes
Abstract:
... To crystallise alpha-lactose monohydrate (αLM) crystals with shorter nucleation time, four different experimental processes were adopted: (i) conventional slow evaporation, (ii) fast evaporation, (iii) slow cooling and newly introduced (iv) swift cooling. By adopting these processes, different levels of supersaturation (S) were generated within the system and the effect of this on nucleation contr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.007

69. Innate immune response of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita infected with oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces invadans

Author:
Manoj K. Yadav; Pravata K. Pradhan; Neeraj Sood; Dharmendra K. Chaudhary; Dev K. Verma; Chandan Debnath; Lopamudra Sahoo; U.K. Chauhan; Peyush Punia; Joy K. Jena
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 524-531
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aphanomyces; Labeo rohita; animal health; antibodies; aquaculture; carp; complement; epizootic diseases; fish diseases; fisheries; immunomodulation; innate immunity; lysozyme; pathogens; vaccination
Abstract:
... The fish pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a fish disease of international significance and reportable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. In spite of the current and potential impact of A. invadans infection on fisheries and aquaculture sectors of the world, very little is known about the host-A. invadans interactions. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.005

70. Insects Associated with Soursop (Annona muricata L.) in Veracruz, Mexico

Author:
Ruiz-Montiel César; Domínguez-Espinosa Paola Ivette; Flores-Peredo Rafael; Illescas-Riquelme y Carlos Patricio
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 367-374
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
parasitoids; Bephratelloides cubensis; Collembola; predators; Aphis gossypii; insects; Coleoptera; soursops; Coreidae; Oecophoridae; leaves; Pyralidae; Annona muricata; Neosilba; fruits; flowers; pulp; Australia; Mexico; Asia
Abstract:
... Soursop, Annona muricata L., is an economically important tropical crop in America, Asia, and Australia for its fresh pulp and processed products, and is attacked by insects from a variety of families. As many as 199 insects infest fruits of the family Annonaceae. Annona muricata fruits, leaves, and flowers were collected at 11 locations in central Veracruz, Mexico, producing new records for the r ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0214

71. Insights from four decades of model development on the Waterloo Moraine: A review

Author:
Emil O. Frind; John W. Molson; Marcelo R. Sousa; Paul J. Martin
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 149-166
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
aquifers; groundwater; land use; models; prediction; uncertainty; wellhead protection
Abstract:
... Modelling has played a key role in the evolution of insights on the Waterloo Moraine groundwater system as a water source for Waterloo Region. As models evolved over the last four decades, so did new insights. Starting from a simple layer-cake concept, models eventually became three-dimensional, while the focus changed from well interference to multi-layer analysis, capture zone delineation, wellh ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914799

72. Insights gained from geochemical studies in the Waterloo Moraine: Indications and implications for anthropogenic loading

Author:
Randy L. Stotler; Shaun K. Frape; Lori Labelle
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 136-148
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
aquifers; chlorofluorocarbons; deicing agents; freshwater; geochemistry; groundwater; groundwater flow; helium; monitoring; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; planning; pollution load; public water supply; stable isotopes; stratigraphy; sulfur hexafluoride; tracer techniques; tritium; urban development; Ontario
Abstract:
... The Waterloo Moraine is a historic and continuing groundwater resource for the growing Region of Waterloo in southern Ontario, Canada, providing hundreds of thousands of litres of fresh water daily to the regional water supply. The complex stratigraphy of the Moraine is characterized by a system of multiple aquifers separated by regionally discontinuous aquitards, complicating resource assessments ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914796

73. Intra‐population genetic variation in diapause incidence of adult‐diapausing Tetranychus pueraricola (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Author:
KATSURA ITO
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 186-194
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Tetranychus; arthropods; correlation; diapause; environmental factors; females; genetic correlation; genetic variation; genotype; global warming; phenotype; temperate zones; temperature
Abstract:
... Diapause is an important seasonal adaptation for arthropods in temperate regions. Recent global warming has had a profound effect on the timing of diapause induction, but the potential for evolutionary changes in diapause attributes remains largely unknown because of a scarcity of information about genetic architecture in these traits. Genetic variation in diapause incidence within a population an ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12084

74. Invasive Australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in the Sanyati Basin of Lake Kariba: a preliminary survey

Author:
LT Marufu; C Phiri; T Nhiwatiwa
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 233-236
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Cherax quadricarinatus; crayfish; females; males; surveys; watersheds; Zimbabwe
Abstract:
... The invasion of Cherax quadricarinatus , the Australian redclaw crayfish, in the Sanyati Basin of Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, is reported. A total of 79 crayfish were caught at 10 out of 12 sampling sites in the Sanyati Basin in November–December 2012. The average catch per unit effort (CPUE) varied from 1.1 to 4 crayfish per trap per night, carapace length ranged from 29 to 93.5 mm, and weight ranged ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.922457

75. Investigation of immunoglobulins in skin of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii

Author:
Maria Rosaria Coscia; Palma Simoniello; Stefano Giacomelli; Umberto Oreste; Chiara Maria Motta
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 206-214
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Trematomus bernacchii; blood serum; immunoglobulin M; lymphocytes; molecular weight; mucus; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; tissues; Antarctic region
Abstract:
... The presence and production of IgM in the skin of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii were investigated in this study. Immunoglobulins purified from cutaneous mucus and analysed by SDS-PAGE run under non-reducing and reducing conditions, were composed of heavy and light chains of 78 kDa and 25 kDa respectively, with a relative molecular mass of 830 kDa indicating that mucus IgM are tetrame ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.019

76. Investigation of the persistence of florfenicol residues in bovine milk and fate during processing

Author:
Clare Power; Ríona Sayers; Martin Danaher; Mary Moloney; Bernadette O'Brien; Ambrose Furey; Kieran Jordan
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 270-275
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
cheeses; dairy cows; florfenicol; lactation; manufacturing; pasteurization; skim milk
Abstract:
... The persistence of florfenicol residues in milk and their migration to dairy products was investigated following treatment of six lactating dairy cows with Selectan 300 mg mL−1 solution for injection at a dose of 1 mL 15 kg body weight−1. Florfenicol residues were measurable (LOQ 1.0 μg kg−1) in the milk of three cows for up to 27 days post-treatment but were not detectable at day 34. On day 3 pos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.012

77. In vitro antibacterial analysis of phenoloxidase reaction products from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Author:
Jingwei Jiang; Zunchun Zhou; Ying Dong; Cong Cong; Xiaoyan Guan; Bai Wang; Zhong Chen; Bei Jiang; Aifu Yang; Shan Gao; Hongjuan Sun
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 458-463
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Apostichopus japonicus; L-dopa; Micrococcus luteus; Nocardiopsis; Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens; Shewanella baltica; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus dysgalactiae; Vibrio harveyi; Vibrio splendidus; antibacterial properties; bacteria; dopamine; electrophoresis; growth retardation; monophenol monooxygenase; scanning electron microscopes; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Three phenoloxidases (POs) of Apostichopus japonicus, AjPOs (AjPO1, AjPO2 and AjPO3), were partially purified from the coelomocytes with an electrophoretic method, and then employed for the in vitro antibacterial analysis. Using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as a substrate, AjPO1 and AjPO2-derived compounds inhibited the growth of Vibrio splendidus and Staphylococcus aureus, while AjPO3-de ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.002

78. Kinetic parameters for high-pressure-induced denaturation of lactoferrin in human milk

Author:
C. Mayayo; M. Montserrat; S.J. Ramos; M.J. Martínez-Lorenzo; M. Calvo; L. Sánchez; M.D. Pérez
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 246-252
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
breast milk; denaturation; disulfide bonds; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; high pressure treatment; lactoferrin; pasteurization; protein denaturation
Abstract:
... The effect of high pressure and heat treatment of human milk on denaturation of lactoferrin was studied. The degree of protein denaturation was estimated using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kinetic parameters for pressure-induced denaturation of lactoferrin were determined over the pressure range 300–650 MPa at 20 °C. Treatment at 300, 400, 500 and 600 MPa for 15 min denatured 9%, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.001

79. Die Kristallstruktur des elpasolith-verwandten Cyanokomplexes [N(CH3)4]2NaFe(CN)6 • H2O / The Crystal Structure of the Elpasolite-Related Cyano Complex [N(CH3)4]2NaFe(CN)6 • H2O

Author:
M. Witzei; D. Babel
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 201-206
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
X-radiation; crystal structure; ferricyanides; geometry; ions; sodium; tetramethylammonium compounds
Abstract:
... The compound [N(CH₃)₄]₂NaFe(CN)₆ • H₂O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z = 4, a - 1863.9(2), b = 861.7(1), c - 1317.2(2) pm. The X-ray single crystal structure determination (2515 reflections, R - 0.04) revealed an elpasolite-related framework of slightly deformed Fe(CN)₆³⁻ octahedra, the mean distances in which are Fe-C = 194.0 and C-N = 113.9 pm. The strongly distorted octahed ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0214

80. Die Kristallstruktur von Tricarbonyl(2.6-di-tert-butyl-pyridin)chrom(0) bei 200 K / Crystal Structure of Tricarbonyl(2,6-di/tert-butyl-pyridine)chromium(0) at 200 K

Author:
Roland E. Schmidt; Werner Massa
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 213-216
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
aromatic hydrocarbons; chromium; crystal structure; ligands; moieties; pyridines
Abstract:
... Based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data the crystal structure of tricarbonyl(2,6-dwmbutyl- pyridine)chromium(0) has been determined at 200 K: space group P 2₁/n, Z = 4, lattice constants a = 680.6(5), b - 1383.3(10), c = 1763.0(16) pm, β = 96.53(8)°, refinement to Rw - 0.048 for 1672 independent reflections with FO > 2 σ. The chromium atom is η6π6- bonded to the essentially planar pyridine ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0216

81. Lack of a contact requirement for direct antibacterial activity of lymphocyte subpopulations in ginbuna crucian carp

Author:
Haitham M. Tartor; Yuta Matsuura; Gamal El-Nobi; Teruyuki Nakanishi
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 178-184
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Carassius; Edwardsiella; Escherichia coli; Streptococcus iniae; antibacterial properties; antigens; bacteria; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; fish; mammals; neoplasms; viruses
Abstract:
... Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize and kill cells infected with viruses, intracellular bacteria and tumors with MHC restriction and antigen specificity. In addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that CTL can exhibit direct microbicidal activity. In our previous study we documented direct antibacterial activity of CD4+ T cells and sIgM+ cells as well as CD8α+ T ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.006

82. The Landscape as an Asset in Southern European Fragile Agricultural Systems: Contrasts and Contradictions in Land Managers Attitudes and Practices

Author:
Teresa Pinto-Correia; Helena Menezes; Luis Filipe Barroso
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 205-217
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural industry; attitudes and opinions; farm management; farmers; farms; issues and policy; landscapes; managers; rural areas; self-perception; society; surveys; Portugal
Abstract:
... Transition theories suggest that there is a spatial, temporal and structural co-existence of several processes of transition from productivism to post-productivism going on in rural areas in multiple combinations resulting in a more complex, contested, variable mix of production, consumption and protection goals. This is particularly true for South European landscapes dominated by extensive agro-s ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2013.790948

83. Limb, tooth, beak: Three modes of development and evolutionary innovation of form

Author:
Marta Linde-Medina; Stuart A Newman
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 211-223
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
animal development; beak; birds; cell movement; embryogenesis; limbs (animal); mammals; models; natural selection; teeth
Abstract:
... The standard model of evolutionary change of form, deriving from Darwin’s theory via the Modern Synthesis, assumes a gradualistic reshaping of anatomical structures, with major changes only occurring by many cycles of natural selection for marginal adaptive advantage. This model, with its assertion that a single mechanism underlies both micro- and macroevolutionary change, contains an implicit not ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9355-2
PubMed:
24736155

84. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a confirmation procedure in internationally recognised standard test methods for Cronobacter sakazakii

Author:
Denise Lindsay; Bruce Hill; Pierre Venter
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 276-283
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Cronobacter sakazakii; Food and Drug Administration; agar; culture media; dairy products; desorption; ionization; laboratory experimentation; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; phenotype; rapid methods; United States
Abstract:
... Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is accepted as a reliable, rapid technique for confirming microorganism identity. In this study, MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated for replacement of the current biochemical phenotype confirmation steps in the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) methods for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.011

85. Mechanisms involved in apoptosis of carp leukocytes upon in vitro and in vivo immunostimulation

Author:
M. Kepka; B.M.L. Verburg-van Kemenade; J. Homa; M. Chadzinska
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 386-395
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming); apoptosis; carp; inflammation; kidneys; macrophages; membrane potential; mitochondrial membrane; monocytes; neutrophils; pathogens; peritonitis; reactive oxygen species; tissues; zymosan
Abstract:
... During inflammation leukocyte activity must be carefully regulated, as high concentrations and/or prolonged action of pro-inflammatory mediators e.g. reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be detrimental not only for pathogens but also for host tissues. Programmed cell death – apoptosis is a most effective regulatory mechanism for down regulation of leukocyte activity, but little is known about this pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.041

86. The Medical and Veterinary Role of Ornithodoros erraticus Complex Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on the Iberian Peninsula

Author:
Boinas Fernando; Ribeiro Rita; Madeira Sara; Palma Mariana; Carvalho Isabel Lopes de; Núncio Sofia; Wilson Anthony James
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 238-248
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
African swine fever virus; Borrelia; Iberian (swine breed); Ornithodoros erraticus; farm management; farming systems; farms; fever; human diseases; humans; surveys; swine; swine housing; tick infestations; ticks; Asia; Iberian Peninsula; Northern Africa; Portugal; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex are associated with traditional pig-farming practices on the Iberian Peninsula and are also found elsewhere in North Africa, West Africa, and western Asia. The ticks associated with pig farming on the Iberian Peninsula are the only biological vectors of African swine fever virus (ASFV) known to occur in Europe, and their ecology makes them an ext ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-238

87. Metallkomplexe mit Tetrapyrrol-Liganden, XXXIII [1] Darstellung von Azidochrom(III)-, Azidomangan(III)- und Azidoeisen(III)-Porphyrinen und deren Photolyse zu terminalen oder verbrückten Nitridometallporphyrinen / Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands XXXIII [1] Preparation of Azidochromium(III)-, Azidomanganese(III)-, and Azidoiron(III) Porphyrins and their Photolysis to Terminal or Bridged Nitridometal Porphyrins

Author:
Johann Walter Buchler; Christine Dreher
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 222-230
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
benzene; calcium; chromium; iron; irradiation; ligands; manganese; nitrides; nitrogen; photolysis; porphyrins; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Azidometal(III) porphyrins, e.g. M(TTP)N₃ 1 Aa-1 Ca (M = Cr, Mn, Fe), are transformed into nitrido complexes on irradiation with ultraviolet light. Thus, Crᴵᴵᴵ or Mnᴵᴵᴵ complexes, e.g. Cr(TTP)N₃ or Mn(TTP)N₃, yield Crᵛ and Mnᵛ complexes with terminal nitride ligands, e.g. Cr(TTP)N (1Ab) or Mn(TTP)N (1Bb) with concomitant liberation of 1 mol of N₂. However, the Feᴵᴵᴵ complex Fe(TTP)N₃ produces the ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0218

88. Moisture enhances the positive effect of leaf‐cutting ant refuse dumps on soil biota activity

Author:
Anahí Fernandez; Alejandro G. Farji‐Brener; Patricia Satti
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 198-203
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
Acromyrmex; ant nests; arid lands; biogeochemical cycles; carbon; carbon dioxide; ecosystems; emissions; organic matter; soil sampling; soil water; solid wastes; spring
Abstract:
... Soil biota activity in arid lands is often limited by the availability of water and organic matter. We experimentally explored whether small changes in soil moisture affect the activity of soil biota in external refuse dumps of the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex lobicornis, one of the most important sources of organic matter in a semi‐arid land of north‐western Patagonia. We estimated CO₂ consumption ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12059

89. Molecular Phylogenetic Support for the Taxonomic Merger of Fitzalania and Meiogyne (Annonaceae): New Nomenclatural Combinations Under the Conserved Name Meiogyne

Author:
Xue Bine; Thomas Daniel C.; Chaowasku Tanawat; Johnson David M.; Saunders Richard M. K.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 396-404
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Polyalthia; chloroplasts; phylogeny; plant taxonomy; shrubs; Australasian region; Fiji; India; Micronesia; Polynesia; South East Asia; Tonga
Abstract:
... Meiogyne (Annonaceae) currently comprises 15 species of trees and shrubs, distributed in India, Southeast Asia, Australasia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the Australian endemic genus Fitzalania (consisting of only two species) is nested within Meiogyne, and preliminary morphological data have indicated that several south Pacific Polyalthia speci ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680825

90. Molecular cloning, characterization and gene expression of murrel CXC chemokine receptor 3a against sodium nitrite acute toxicity and microbial pathogens

Author:
Prasanth Bhatt; Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia; Rajesh Palanisamy; Venkatesh Kumaresan; Abirami Arasu; Akila Sathyamoorthi; Annie J. Gnanam; Marimuthu Kasi; Mukesh Pasupuleti; Harikrishnan Ramaswamy; Jesu Arockiaraj
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 245-253
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
CXCR3 receptor; Channa striata; G-proteins; acute toxicity; cDNA libraries; chemokine CXCL4; complementary DNA; cysteine; fungi; gene expression; kidneys; ligands; molecular cloning; nucleotides; open reading frames; pathogens; phylogeny; polypeptides; prediction; sequence analysis; signal transduction; sodium nitrite
Abstract:
... CXCR3 is a CXC chemokine receptor 3 which binds to CXC ligand 4 (CXCL4), 9, 10 and 11. CXC chemokine receptor 3a (CXCR3a) is one of the splice variants of CXCR3. It plays crucial role in defense and other physiological processes. In this study, we report the molecular cloning, characterization and gene expression of CXCR3a from striped murrel Channa striatus (Cs). The full length CsCXCR3a cDNA seq ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.019

91. Molecular systematics of the bark lice infraorder Caeciliusetae (Insecta: Psocodea)

Author:
KAZUNORI YOSHIZAWA; EDWARD L. MOCKFORD; KEVIN P. JOHNSON
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 279-285
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Insecta; bark; genes; lice; molecular systematics; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny
Abstract:
... The phylogenetic relationships of bark lice and parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea) have been studied in a number of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences. Many of these studies have focused on the position of parasitic lice within the free‐living bark lice. However, fewer such studies have examined the relationships among major groups of free‐living bark lice and their impl ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12054

92. Mosquito Fauna of the Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Collected Under the Influence of Different Color CDC Light Traps

Author:
Silva Júlia dos Santos; Couri Márcia Souto; Giupponi Alessandro Ponce de Leão; Alencar Jeronimo
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 384-394
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles; CDC light traps; Coquillettidia; Culex; Orthopodomyia; color; conservation areas; fauna; incandescent lighting; Brazil
Abstract:
... The objective of the present study was to identify mosquito fauna and to evaluate whether different light bulb colors influence the attraction of light traps in the Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve. Samples were obtained monthly during the period of February, 2012 to January, 2013. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps with incandescent light bulbs and LED (ultraviolet, blue, green, and red) bu ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-384

93. Native Maize Resistance to Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea1, and Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda1, with Notes on Aflatoxin Content

Author:
Farias Charlene A.; Brewer Michael J.; Anderson Darwin J.; Odvody Gary N.; Xu Wenwei; Sétamou Mamoudou
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 411-426
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Bacillus thuringiensis; Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera frugiperda; Zea mays; aflatoxins; breeding; cages; corn; ears; field experimentation; genetic background; hybrids; inbred lines; insects; larvae; larval development; leaves; plant damage; seeds; surface area; transgenes; United States
Abstract:
... Fifteen genotypes of maize, Zea mays L., varying from putatively resistant to susceptible to corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), based on visual observations in a breeding nursery, were evaluated for leaf and ear injury, yield, and aflatoxin content in an open field experiment. The genotypes were nine nontransgenic i ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0303

94. Navigating the mtDNA road map out of the morphological maze: interpreting morphological variation in the diverse Monomorium rothsteini (Forel) complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Author:
KATHRYN S. SPARKS; ALAN N. ANDERSEN; STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN; ANDREW D. AUSTIN
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 264-278
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Monomorium; genes; haplotypes; introgression; mitochondrial DNA; morphometry; phylogeny; principal component analysis; sympatry
Abstract:
... Monomorium is a large and diverse ant genus with speciose radiations in both the Afrotropical and Australian regions. According to the most recent taxonomic revision, many Australian species are characterised by very broad distributions and variable morphology, which suggests that some species may be unrecognised species complexes. With a continent‐wide distribution and diverse yet overlapping mor ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12051

95. New Records and Notes about Splendeuptychia kendalli L. Miller, 1978 (Satyrinae: Satyrini: Euptychiina) in Mexico

Author:
Álvarez-García Hugo; Salinas-Gutiérrez José Luis; Luis-Martínez Armando; Vázquez Adolfo Ibarra
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 337-342
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Nymphalidae; new taxa; Mexico
Abstract:
... We recorded for the first time Splendeuptychia kendalli L. D. Miller, 1978 from the countryside in Hidalgo and Veracruz. The previous records for Mexico were Campeche, Chiapas, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas. ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0211

96. A New Species of Maytenus (Celastraceae) with Fleshy Fruits from Eastern Brazil, with Notes on the Delimitation of Maytenus

Author:
Groppo Milton; Simmons Mark P.; Cappa Jennifer J.; Biral Leonardo; Lombardi Julio A.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 478-484
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Maytenus; conservation status; deforestation; ecosystems; fruits; genes; geographical distribution; leaves; new species; paraphyly; phenology; plant taxonomy; rain forests; ribosomal DNA; seeds; taxonomic keys; tropics; Brazil
Abstract:
... A new species of Celastraceae, Maytenus megalocarpa, is described and illustrated. The species is known from only a small number of collections from eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia and Minas Gerais states. It is considered endangered given the rapid deforestation of this biome. The species is readily distinguished from its congeners by its large, tardily dehiscent fruit that do ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680726

97. Nocturnal resource defence in aphid‐tending ants of northern Patagonia

Author:
MARÍA N. LESCANO; ALEJANDRO G. FARJI‐BRENER; ERNESTO GIANOLI
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 203-209
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Formicidae; ant colonies; defensive behavior; foraging; habitats; host plants; interspecific competition; nests; plant characteristics; probability; temperature; Argentina
Abstract:
... Interspecific competition plays a key role in the organisation of ant communities. In ant–plant interactions, individual host plants are usually occupied by a single ant colony, and co‐occurring ant species compete for hosts. Here indirect evidence of competition between three dominant ant species that tend aphids on two biennial thistles in northern Patagonia is described, and a novel defensive b ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12081

98. Non-specific immune parameters and physiological response of Nile tilapia fed β-glucan and vitamin C for different periods and submitted to stress and bacterial challenge

Author:
Margarida Maria Barros; Dario Rocha Falcon; Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi; Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato; Ademir Calvo Fernandes; Igo Gomes Guimarães; Ary Fernandes; Carlos Roberto Padovani; Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 188-195
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Oreochromis niloticus; ascorbic acid; bacterial infections; beta-glucans; cortisol; disease resistance; experimental diets; fish; glucose; immune response; leukocyte count; neutrophils; physiological response
Abstract:
... This study attempts to describe the effects of different administration periods of dietary β-glucan and Vit C on the non-specific immune response, physiological parameters and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Therefore, a feeding trial (288 fish) was conducted to determine the best administration period (7, 15, 30 and 45 days) for a Nile tilapia diet suppl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.004

99. On the Endogeneity of Retail Markups in an Equilibrium Analysis: A Control-Function Approach

Author:
Vardges Hovhannisyan; Kyle W. Stiegert; Marin Bozic
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 188-200
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
econometrics; equations; food marketing; food prices; product quality; retail marketing; yogurt; United States
Abstract:
... The endogeneity of retail markups arises due to the correlation between the markups and unobserved costs in the retail pricing equation. This correlation may be a result of unobserved product quality affecting both price and markups. Despite inconsistency resulting from markup endogeneity, it has long been ignored in the equilibrium analysis of retail behavior. We account for retail markup endogen ...

100. Optimal Control for a Dispersing Biological Agent

Author:
Morteza Chalak
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 271-289
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
biodiversity; bioeconomic models; cost effectiveness; ecosystems; extinction; herbivores
Abstract:
... A bioeconomic model is developed to analyze the optimal control management strategies for an introduced herbivore in a two-compartment ecosystem. This paper analyzes cost-effective control strategies that decrease the spillover effects of the herbivore on endangered plant species, thereby reducing extinction pressure and increasing benefits. The optimal level of control is presented in different c ...