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You searched for: Publication Year 2014 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2014 Subject California Remove constraint Subject: California Text Availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text Availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. 234U/238U and δ87Sr in peat as tracers of paleosalinity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, USA

Author:
J.Z. Drexler; J.B. Paces; C.N. Alpers; L. Windham-Myers; L.A. Neymark; T.D. Bullen; H.E. Taylor
Source:
Applied geochemistry 2014 v.40 pp. 164-179
ISSN:
0883-2927
Subject:
Schoenoplectus; carbon; cesium; estuaries; freshwater; geochemistry; gold; lead; macrophytes; marshes; mercury; mining; mixing; peat; radionuclides; river water; seawater; statistical models; strontium; tracer techniques; uranium; water salinity; California; Sacramento River; San Joaquin River
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to determine the history of paleosalinity over the past 6000+ years in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), which is the innermost part of the San Francisco Estuary. We used a combination of Sr and U concentrations, δ87Sr values, and 234U/238U activity ratios (AR) in peat as proxies for tracking paleosalinity. Peat cores were collected in marshes on Browns Is ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.10.011

2. 3-PG simulations of young ponderosa pine plantations under varied management intensity: Why do they grow so differently?

Author:
Liang Wei; John D. Marshall; Jianwei Zhang; Hang Zhou; Robert F. Powers
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2014 v.313 pp. 69-82
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
Pinus ponderosa; canopy; climate change; data collection; fertilizers; forest growth; forest management; forests; gas exchange; growth models; leaf area index; leaves; light intensity; managers; plant tissues; plantations; prediction; sap flow; shrubs; stable isotopes; temporal variation; transpiration; tree growth; trees; understory; vapor pressure; water vapor; California
Abstract:
... Models can be powerful tools for estimating forest productivity and guiding forest management, but their credibility and complexity are often at issue for forest managers. We parameterized a process-based forest growth model, 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), to simulate growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plantations in Northern California. We used data collected from the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2013.10.035

3. Adjusting policy to institutional, cultural and biophysical context conditions: The case of conservation banking in California

Author:
Carsten Mann; James D. Absher
Source:
Land use policy 2014 v.36 pp. 73-82
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
conservation banking; development policy; environmental governance; models; politics; stakeholders; California
Abstract:
... This paper examines the political construction of a policy instrument for matching particular institutional, biophysical and cultural context conditions in a social–ecological system, using the case of conservation banking in California as an example. The guiding research question is: How is policy design negotiated between various actors on its way from early formulation of ideas and principles t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.007

4. Aerosols–climate interactions at the Owens “Dry” Lake, California

Author:
Douglas G. Halleaux; Nilton O. Rennó
Source:
Aeolian research 2014 v.15 pp. 91-100
ISSN:
1875-9637
Subject:
dust; dust emissions; humidity; lakes; soil; California
Abstract:
... Mineral dust emissions by the various dusty phenomena that initiate saltation are investigated at the Owens “Dry” Lake, one of the largest sources of dust in North America. An unexpected result of our investigation is that within the range of humidity values observed during the measurements, dust lifting increases with soil humidity. We hypothesize that this surprising result is caused by either a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.08.004

5. Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves

Author:
Sharif S. Aly; William J. Love; Deniece R. Williams; Terry W. Lehenbauer; Alison Van Eenennaam; Christiana Drake; Philip H. Kass; Thomas B. Farver
Source:
Animal health research reviews 2014 v.15 no.2 pp. 148-150
ISSN:
1475-2654
Subject:
bovine respiratory disease; dairy calves; disease diagnosis; respiratory tract diseases; California; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Clinical scoring systems have been proposed for respiratory disease diagnosis in calves, including the Wisconsin (WI) system (McGuirk in 2008) which uses five clinical signs, each partitioned into four levels of severity. Recently, we developed the California (CA) bovine respiratory disease (BRD) scoring system requiring less calf handling and consisting of six clinical signs, each classified as n ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1466252314000164
PubMed:
25424381

6. Agriculture’s Contribution to Nitrate Contamination of Californian Groundwater (1945–2005)

Author:
Todd S. Rosenstock; Daniel Liptzin; Kristin Dzurella; Anna Fryjoff-Hung; Allan Hollander; Vivian Jensen; Aaron King; George Kourakos; Alison McNally; G. Stuart Pettygrove; Jim Quinn; Joshua H. Viers; Thomas P. Tomich; Thomas Harter
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2014 v.43 no.3 pp. 895-907
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Medicago sativa; alfalfa; cropland; drinking water; farms; fuel production; groundwater; groundwater recharge; herds; intensive farming; leaching; livestock; milk production; nitrates; nitrogen; pollution load; source attribution; wastes; California
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) use in intensive agriculture can degrade groundwater resources. However, considerable time lags between groundwater recharge and extraction complicate source attribution and remedial responses. We construct a historic N mass balance of two agricultural regions of California to understand trends and drivers of past and present N loading to groundwater (1945–2005). Changes in groundwate ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2013.10.0411

7. Algal Response to Removal of the Invasive Cordgrass Spartina densiflora in a Salt Marsh at Humboldt Bay, California, USA

Author:
Augyte Simona; Pickart Andrea
Source:
Natural areas journal 2014 v.34 no.3 pp. 325-331
ISSN:
0885-8608
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Cyanobacteria; Spartina densiflora; biomass; food webs; macroalgae; salt marshes; vascular plants; California
Abstract:
... There are few published studies examining the effects of invasive vascular plants on cooccurring nonvascular species, despite the fact that photoautotrophic algae and cyanobacteria exist at the base of the marine food web. This study tested whether the removal of the invasive dense-flowered cordgrass (Spartina densiflora Brogn.) resulted in an increase in biomass of micro- and macroalgae in a salt ...
DOI:
10.3375/043.034.0307

8. Almond hulls as a biofuels feedstock: Variations in carbohydrates by variety and location in California

Author:
Richard D. Offeman; Kevin M. Holtman; Kelly M. Covello; William J. Orts
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2014 v.54 pp. 109-114
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Prunus dulcis; almonds; biofuels; branches; ethanol; feedstocks; fructose; glucose; hulls; sucrose; sugar alcohols; California
Abstract:
... Hulls of the almond (Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb) have a high content of fermentable sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), and are a potential feedstock for biofuels and other uses. The state of California in the United States produces the majority of the world's almonds. Six almond varieties across seven counties in California were studied to assess the amount and variability of sugars and su ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.01.010

9. Alteration of benthic communities associated with copper contamination linked to boat moorings

Author:
Carlos Neira; Lisa A. Levin; Guillermo Mendoza; Alberto Zirino
Source:
Marine ecology 2014 v.35 no.1 pp. 46-66
ISSN:
0173-9565
Subject:
Lyonsia; bioaccumulation; boats; coastal water; copper; defense mechanisms; invertebrates; leaching; marinas; mixing; pollution; sediments; species diversity; surface water; California
Abstract:
... Although copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, leaching from boat paint can cause excess environmental loading in enclosed marinas. The effects of copper contamination on benthic macrofaunal communities were examined in three San Diego Bay marinas (America's Cup, Harbor Island West and East) in Southern California, USA. The distribution of Cu concentration in sediments exhibited a clear sp ...
DOI:
10.1111/maec.12054

10. Altered nitrogen and precipitation along urban gradients affect harvester ants and seed sources

Author:
B.D. Wissinger; S.D. Eigenbrode; J.D. Marshall; J.D. Hoines; B.A. Newingham
Source:
Journal of arid environments 2014 v.104 pp. 96-105
ISSN:
0140-1963
Subject:
Messor pergandei; annuals; ant colonies; ant nests; carbon; correlation; deserts; dry environmental conditions; ecosystems; food deserts; harvester ants; leaves; nitrogen; perennials; seeds; shrubs; stable isotopes; trophic levels; California
Abstract:
... We investigated the effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation on Messor pergandei (Mayr) harvester ants and plants to identify alterations in the desert food web in California. We measured ant colony attributes and shrub fruit densities, as well as nitrogen and carbon concentrations and stable isotopes, at 18 sites along a nitrogen deposition gradient. Ant nest density increased from low to ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.001

11. Altered water and nitrogen input shifts succession in a southern California coastal sage community

Author:
Sarah Kimball; Michael L. Goulden; Katharine N. Suding; Scot Parker
Source:
Ecological applications 2014 v.24 no.6 pp. 1390-1404
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
community structure; drought; experimental design; fire frequency; grasses; grasslands; indigenous species; introduced species; nitrogen; sage; semiarid zones; shrublands; shrubs; spring; wildfires; California
Abstract:
... Vegetation‐type conversions between grasslands and shrublands have occurred worldwide in semiarid regions over the last 150 years. Areas once covered by drought‐deciduous shrubs in Southern California (coastal sage scrub) are converting to grasslands dominated by nonnative species. Increasing fire frequency, drought, and nitrogen deposition have all been hypothesized as causes of this conversion, ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-1313.1

12. Ambient Acrolein Concentrations in Coastal, Remote, and Urban Regions in California

Author:
Cahill Thomas M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2014 v.48 no.15 pp. 8507-8513
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acrolein; analytical methods; environmental protection; summer; toxicity; urban areas; California
Abstract:
... Acrolein (2-propenal) is a reactive chemical that is very toxic and has many sources. Acrolein is commonly detected in the atmosphere, but understanding the ambient concentrations of this compound has been hampered by analytical difficulties. The objective of this research was to utilize an analytical method specifically designed for acrolein to determine acrolein concentrations in remote regions. ...
DOI:
10.1021/es5014533

13. Analyzing source apportioned methane in northern California during Discover-AQ-CA using airborne measurements and model simulations

Author:
Matthew S. Johnson; Emma L. Yates; Laura T. Iraci; Max Loewenstein; Jovan M. Tadić; Kevin J. Wecht; Seongeun Jeong; Marc L. Fischer
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2014 v.99 pp. 248-256
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
atmospheric chemistry; databases; greenhouse gas emissions; inventories; livestock; methane; mixing; oils; regression analysis; simulation models; waste treatment; wetlands; California
Abstract:
... This study analyzes source apportioned methane (CH4) emissions and atmospheric mixing ratios in northern California during the Discover-AQ-CA field campaign using airborne measurement data and model simulations. Source apportioned CH4 emissions from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 4.2 were applied in the 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and analyzed usi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.068

14. An Annotated List of Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Collected in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. during 2011 – 2013

Author:
Donald R. Givens
Source:
Entomological news 2014 v.124 no.3 pp. 153-175
ISSN:
0013-872X
Subject:
Trichoptera; adults; larvae; national parks; summer; California
Abstract:
... Distribution records for caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected during the summers of 2011–2013 in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. are presented. Fourteen families, 34 genera, and 59 species are listed, based on adult, pupal and larval records. Exceptional species records are noted and brief comments are given. ...
DOI:
10.3157/021.124.0301

15. Annual migratory patterns of Long-billed Curlews in the American West

Author:
Page Gary W.; Warnock Nils; Tibbitts T. Lee; Jorgensen Dennis; Hartman C. Alex; Stenzel Lynne E.
Source:
Condor 2014 v.116 no.1 pp. 50-61
ISSN:
1938-5422
Subject:
Numenius; agricultural land; birds; breeding; breeding sites; coasts; females; males; migratory behavior; migratory species; plateaus; satellites; winter; wintering grounds; California; Gulf of California; Gulf of Mexico; Mexico; Montana; Nevada; Oregon; Rocky Mountain region; Texas
Abstract:
... Effective conservation of migratory species requires comprehensive knowledge of annual movement patterns. Such information is sparse for the Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus), a North American endemic shorebird of conservation concern. To test hypotheses about individual and area differences in migratory patterns across western North America, we tagged 29 curlews with satellite transmitters ...
DOI:
10.1650/CONDOR-12-185-R2.1

16. AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus Anthidium (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in the Western Hemisphere

Author:
Terry Griswold; Victor H. Gonzalez; Harold Ikerd
Source:
ZooKeys 2014 v.408 pp. 31-49
ISSN:
1313-2970
Subject:
Anthidium; adults; altitude; biodiversity; biogeography; data collection; databases; evolution; georeferencing; host plants; insect ecology; insect taxonomy; introduced species; models; pollination; pollinators; sea level; Africa; Alaska; Argentina; California; Canada; Death Valley; Eurasia; Europe
Abstract:
... This paper describes AnthWest, a large dataset that represents one of the outcomes of a comprehensive, broadly comparative study on the diversity, biology, biogeography, and evolution of Anthidium Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere. In this dataset a total of 22,648 adult occurrence records comprising 9657 unique events are documented for 92 species of Anthidium, including the invasive range of t ...
Datasets:
AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus Anthidium (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in the Western Hemisphere
Handle:
10113/60467
DOI:
10.3897/zookeys.408.5633
PubMed:
24899835
PubMed Central:
PMC4042824

17. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli in surface water and groundwater in dairy operations in Northern California

Author:
Xunde Li; Naoko Watanabe; Chengling Xiao; Thomas Harter; Brenda McCowan; Yingjia Liu; Edward R. Atwill
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2014 v.186 no.2 pp. 1253-1260
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
Escherichia coli; amoxicillin; antibiotic resistance; bacteria; calves; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; clavulanic acid; cows; dairies; groundwater; groundwater contamination; heifers; irrigation; manure storage; monitoring; multiple drug resistance; soil; surface water; tetracycline; wells; California
Abstract:
... Generic Escherichia coli was isolated from surface water and groundwater samples from two dairies in Northern California and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics. Surface samples were collected from flush water, lagoon water, and manure solids, and groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells. Although E. coli was ubiquitous in surface samples with concentrations ranging from sever ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-013-3454-2
PubMed:
24097011

18. Applying competition theory to invasion: resource impacts indicate invasion mechanisms in California shrublands

Author:
Leah J. Goldstein; Katharine N. Suding
Source:
Biological invasions 2014 v.16 no.1 pp. 191-203
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
colonizing ability; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; shrublands; soil water; California
Abstract:
... Despite widespread work documenting invasion, it remains a challenge to determine invasion mechanisms and incorporate them into invasive species management. Competition theory presents a strong model for evaluating the role of resource reduction and requirements in invasion. Additionally, alternative models suggest fluctuations in resources, niche differences, or non-resource priority effects are ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-013-0513-0

19. Arid to humid serpentine soils, mineralogy, and vegetation across the Klamath Mountains, USA

Author:
Earl B. Alexander
Source:
Catena 2014 v.116 pp. 114-122
ISSN:
0341-8162
Subject:
Alfisols; Artemisia; Mollisols; Pinus; Ultisols; altitude; chaparral; climate; coasts; coniferous forests; goethite; grasses; iron; latitude; mountains; plant communities; potassium chloride; serpentine; serpentine soils; shrubs; smectite; soil pH; soil parent materials; steppes; tephra; ultramafic rocks; California; Oregon; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... Ultramafic rocks are extensive in the Klamath Mountains of California and Oregon and there is a great diversity of climate, soils, and vegetation. Soils were sampled and vegetation described over serpentinized peridotite at sixteen low altitude, well drained sites from arid to humid parts of the Mountains receiving from 400 to 3200mm/year of precipitation. The soils are dry Mollisols and Alfisols, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.catena.2013.12.003

20. Aspects of the Winter Ecology of Bats on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia

Author:
Douglas W Burles; M Brock Fenton; Robert MR Barclay; R Mark Brigham; Diane Volkers
Source:
Northwestern naturalist 2014 v.95 no.3 pp. 289-299
ISSN:
1051-1733
Subject:
freezing; hibernation; islands; autumn; maritime climate; caves; winter; ecology; energy expenditure; microprocessors; trees; acoustics; buildings; temperature; Myotis lucifugus; British Columbia; California
Abstract:
... Bats of the temperate region of North America avoid winter by some combination of migration and hibernation at a location that provides the right conditions for minimizing energy expenditure over winter. Such optimal conditions are commonly found underground, and most of the best known hibernacula occur in caves or mines. Where winters are milder, some bat species hibernate in hollows in trees. Ha ...
DOI:
10.1898/12-32.1

21. Assessing Nitrogen-Saturation in a Seasonally Dry Chaparral Watershed: Limitations of Traditional Indicators of N-Saturation

Author:
Peter M. Homyak; James O. Sickman; Amy E. Miller; John M. Melack; Thomas Meixner; Joshua P. Schimel
Source:
Ecosystems 2014 v.17 no.7 pp. 1286-1305
ISSN:
1432-9840
Subject:
chaparral; dry environmental conditions; ecosystems; emissions; growing season; hydrology; nitrates; nitrification; nitrogen; soil; streams; watersheds; wet season; California; Sierra Nevada (California)
Abstract:
... To evaluate nitrogen (N) saturation in xeric environments, we measured hydrologic N losses, soil N pools, and microbial processes, and developed an N-budget for a chaparral catchment (Sierra Nevada, California) exposed to atmospheric N inputs of approximately 8.5 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. Dual-isotopic techniques were used to trace the sources and processes controlling nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) losses. The majority of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10021-014-9792-2

22. Assessing fire severity using imaging spectroscopy data from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and comparison with multispectral capabilities

Author:
Sander Veraverbeke; E. Natasha Stavros; Simon J. Hook
Source:
Remote sensing of environment 2014 v.154 pp. 153-163
ISSN:
0034-4257
Subject:
Landsat; fire severity; image analysis; models; remote sensing; shrubs; spectrometers; spectroscopy; trees; vegetation; California
Abstract:
... Fire severity, the degree of environmental change caused by a fire, is traditionally assessed by broadband spectral indices, such as the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) from Landsat imagery. Here, we used an alternative indicator, the burned fraction derived from spectral mixture analysis (SMA), to evaluate and compare the performance for assessing fire severity of broadband and narrowban ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.019

23. Assessing predictions of population viability analysis: Peregrine Falcon populations in California

Author:
J. Timothy Wootton; Douglas A. Bell
Source:
Ecological applications 2014 v.24 no.6 pp. 1251-1257
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Falco peregrinus; breeding; data collection; extinction; models; monitoring; population growth; population size; population viability analysis; prediction; risk; surveys; California
Abstract:
... Population viability analysis (PVA) has been an important tool for evaluating species extinction risk and alternative management strategies, but there is little information on how well PVA predicts population trajectories following changes in management actions. We tested previously published predictions from a stage‐structured PVA of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in California, USA (Wootto ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-1323.1

24. Assessing the Flight Capabilities of the Goldspotted Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) With Computerized Flight Mills

Author:
Lopez Vanessa M.; McClanahan Michael N.; Graham Laurie; Hoddle Mark S.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2014 v.107 no.3 pp. 1127-1135
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Agrilus auroguttatus; adults; body size; elytra; flight; fuelwood; gender; habitats; hosts; mortality; nutritional status; risk; transportation; woodlands; Arizona; California; Sonoran Desert
Abstract:
... The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is native to southern Arizona and is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has caused considerable mortality to native oak species in southern California. Assessing the dispersal capabilities of this woodborer may help to determine its potential environmental and economic risk within the invaded region, and possibly ...

25. Assessment of SWE data assimilation for ensemble streamflow predictions

Author:
Kristie J. Franz; Terri S. Hogue; Muhammad Barik; Minxue He
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2014 v.519 pp. 2737-2746
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
algorithms; model validation; models; parameter uncertainty; prediction; reliability; rivers; snow; stream flow; water supply; watersheds; California; Nevada
Abstract:
... An assessment of data assimilation (DA) for Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) using seasonal water supply hindcasting in the North Fork of the American River Basin (NFARB) and the National Weather Service (NWS) hydrologic forecast models is undertaken. Two parameter sets, one from the California Nevada River Forecast Center (RFC) and one from the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.008

26. Assessment of accuracy of genomic prediction for French Lacaune dairy sheep

Author:
G. Baloche; A. Legarra; G. Sallé; H. Larroque; J.-M. Astruc; C. Robert-Granié; F. Barillet
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2014 v.97 no.2 pp. 1107-1116
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
animal models; artificial insemination; correlation; dairy cattle; dairy sheep; females; genotype; genotyping; linkage disequilibrium; marker-assisted selection; pedigree; phenotype; prediction; rams; California
Abstract:
... Genomic selection in Lacaune dairy sheep was investigated based on genotypes from the OvineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Historical artificial insemination progeny-tested rams formed a population of 2,892 genotyped rams. Additional ungenotyped rams and females were included by single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). Three prediction strategies were tried: pseudo-BLUP (using all rams a ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2013-7135

27. Association of Sex, Fledging Date, and Sibling Relationships with Post-Fledging Movements of Burrowing Owls in a Nonmigratory Population in the Imperial Valley, California

Author:
Catlin Daniel H.; Rosenberg Daniel K.
Source:
Journal of raptor research 2014 v.48 no.2 pp. 106-117
ISSN:
0892-1016
Subject:
Athene cunicularia; breeding season; burrows; environmental factors; females; fledglings; juveniles; males; nests; California
Abstract:
... Natal dispersal is an important driver of population and colonization dynamics, yet factors that affect timing and distance of post-fledging movements are poorly understood. We studied post-fledging movements of 34 (12 male and 22 female) juvenile Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) between June 2002 and April 2003, in a nonmigratory population in the Imperial Valley, California. We found high var ...
DOI:
10.3356/JRR-12-24.1

28. Attraction and Mortality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) to STATIC Spinosad ME Weathered under Operational Conditions in California and Florida: A Reduced-Risk Male Annihilation Treatment

Author:
Vargas Roger I.; Souder Steven K.; Hoffman Kevin; Mercogliano Juan; Smith Trevor R.; Hammond Jack; Davis Bobbie J.; Brodie Matt; Dripps James E.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2014 v.107 no.4 pp. 1362-1369
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Bactrocera dorsalis; bioassays; cages; humans; males; methyl eugenol; mortality; naled; polymers; spinosad; toxicity; toxicity testing; traps; California; Florida; Hawaii
Abstract:
... Studies were conducted in 2013–2014 to quantify attraction, feeding, and mortality of male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to STATIC SpinosadME a reduced-risk male annihilation treatment (MAT) formulation consisting of an amorphous polymer matrix in combination with methyl eugenol (ME) and spinosad compared with the standard treatment of Min-U-Gel mixed w ...

29. Attraction of the egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) to synthetic formulation of a (E)-β-ocimene and (E,E)-α-farnesene mixture

Author:
Rodrigo Krugner; Christopher M. Wallis; Spencer S. Walse
Source:
Biological control 2014 v.77 pp. 23-28
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Gonatocerus ashmeadi; Homalodisca vitripennis; Vitis; Xylella fastidiosa; bacteria; biological control; eggs; females; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; insecticides; olfactometry; parasitoids; pesticide application; vineyards; California
Abstract:
... Glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a vector of the xylem-inhabitant bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., which causes Pierce’s disease of grapevines. Current GWSS control strategies in California, USA include area-wide insecticide applications and mass release of mymarid egg parasitoids, including Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault. Gas chromatography–mass spec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.06.005

30. Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) for California Using Multi-sensor Remote Sensing

Author:
Zhuoting Wu; Prasad S. Thenkabail; James P. Verdin
Source:
Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing 2014 v.80 no.1 pp. 81-90
ISSN:
0099-1112
Subject:
Census of Agriculture; Farm Service Agency; algorithms; crop acreage; cropland; decision making; remote sensing; space and time; spatial data; water resources; California
Abstract:
...

Increasing pressure to feed the growing population with scarce water resources requires accurate and routine cropland mapping. This paper develops and implements a rule-based automated cropland classification algorithm (ACCA) using multi-sensor remote sensing data. Pixel-by-pixel accuracy assessments showed that ACCA produced an overall accuracy of ⩾96 percent (Khat = 0.8) when te ...

DOI:
10.14358/PERS.80.1.81

31. Automated crop field extraction from multi-temporal Web Enabled Landsat Data

Author:
L. Yan; D.P. Roy
Source:
Remote sensing of environment 2014 v.144 pp. 42-64
ISSN:
0034-4257
Subject:
Landsat; National Agricultural Statistics Service; algorithms; center pivot irrigation; crop rotation; cropland; geometry; remote sensing; tiles; time series analysis; vegetation; California; South Dakota; Texas
Abstract:
... An automated computational methodology to extract agricultural crop fields from 30m Web Enabled Landsat data (WELD) time series is presented. The results for three 150×150km WELD tiles encompassing rectangular, circular (center-pivot irrigation) and irregularly shaped fields in Texas, California and South Dakota are presented and compared to independent United States Department of Agriculture (USD ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.006

32. Bark Beetle Demography in a Jeffrey Pine Stand as Influenced by Mechanized Thinning and Prescribed Fire

Author:
Roger F. Walker; Shannon L. Swim; Dale W. Johnson; Watkins W. Miller; Robert M. Fecko
Source:
Journal of sustainable forestry 2014 v.33 no.7 pp. 627-676
ISSN:
1540-756X
Subject:
Abies concolor; Dendroctonus jeffreyi; Pinus jeffreyi; Scolytus ventralis; bark beetles; demography; forest health; forest restoration; forest types; managers; mechanization; prescribed burning; stand density; sustainable forestry; tree mortality; trees; whole tree harvesting; California
Abstract:
... Forest thinnings implemented with cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting systems followed by underburning were evaluated for their effects on bark beetle prevalence in pure, uneven-aged Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) interspersed with isolated California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.). Based on pitch tube counts in a stand with a moderate bark beetle population ...
DOI:
10.1080/10549811.2014.925401

33. Baseline Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci B Biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Populations From California and Arizona to Spirotetramat

Author:
Prabhaker Nilima; Castle Steven; Perring Thomas M.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2014 v.107 no.2 pp. 773-780
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Bemisia argentifolii; Bemisia tabaci; bifenthrin; biotypes; cross resistance; geographical variation; imidacloprid; instars; lethal concentration 50; monitoring; pyriproxyfen; toxicity; Arizona; California
Abstract:
... Baseline toxicity levels to foliarly applied spirotetramat were established for 19 field populations of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype (= Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Arizona and California in 2008 and 2009. The susceptibility data were determined against the second instar of B. tabaci field collections before the registration and widespre ...

34. Bat survey of Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California

Author:
Remington Stephanie; Cooper Daniel S.
Source:
Southwestern naturalist 2014 v.59 no.4 pp. 473-479
ISSN:
1943-6262
Subject:
Lasiurus cinereus; surveys; urbanization; California
Abstract:
... Griffith Park in Los Angeles is notable for its high ecological integrity within a highly urbanized region. We present results of a 2008 bat survey conducted in the park that confirmed seven bat species, and discuss an additional three species that have been recorded incidentally nearby. On the basis of our research, the Griffith Park bat community is notable for the abundance of the canyon bat (P ...
DOI:
10.1894/SGM-32.1

35. Behavior, movements, and habitat use of adult green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the upper Sacramento River

Author:
Michael J. Thomas; Matthew L. Peterson; Eric D. Chapman; Alex R. Hearn; Gabriel P. Singer; Ryan D. Battleson; A. Peter Klimley
Source:
Environmental biology of fishes 2014 v.97 no.2 pp. 133-146
ISSN:
0378-1909
Subject:
Acipenser medirostris; acoustics; adults; habitats; models; regression analysis; rivers; spawning; California; Sacramento River
Abstract:
... We conducted the first continuous shipboard tracking of southern Distinct Population Segment green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the Sacramento River. Tracking of adult green sturgeon occurred between river kilometer (rkm) 434.8 and 511.6, a section of the putative spawning grounds located near Red Bluff, California. The recorded positions of acoustically tagged green sturgeon were analyzed ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10641-013-0132-8

36. Beyond the black box: Forest sector vulnerability assessments and adaptation to climate change in North America

Author:
Adam Wellstead; Jeremy Rayner; Michael Howlett
Source:
Environmental Science and Policy 2014 v.35 pp. 109-116
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
USDA Forest Service; climate change; forest ecosystems; forestry; forests; governance; planning; wildfires; Alaska; British Columbia; California
Abstract:
... In the wake of the failures to date of well-publicized multilateral and multi-sectoral mitigation efforts to control greenhouse gases, attention is now increasingly focused on the effectiveness and capacity of national and sub-national level sectoral plans, including forestry, to usher in a new era of adaptation efforts. In Canada, the government of British Columbia spent several years developing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2013.04.002

37. A Binomial Sequential Sampling Plan for Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Solanum lycopersicum (Solanales: Solanacea)

Author:
Prager Sean M.; Butler Casey D.; Trumble John T.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 2014 v.107 no.2 pp. 838-845
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Bactericera cockerelli; Candidatus Liberibacter; Capsicum annuum; Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum tuberosum; Triozidae; bacteria; edge effects; juveniles; leaves; nymphs; pests; potatoes; sequential sampling; sweet peppers; tomatoes; California
Abstract:
... The tomato—potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a pest of many solanaceous plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In tomato, feeding by nymphs is associated with “psyllid yellows.” B. cockerelli also vectors “Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous,” an infectious bacterium that causes “vein greening” disease. Decisions a ...

38. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants and ethoxyresorufin‐o‐deethylase activity in southern California round stingrays (Urobatis halleri) exposed to planar aromatic compounds

Author:
Kady Lyons; Ramon Lavado; Daniel Schlenk; Christopher G. Lowe
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2014 v.33 no.6 pp. 1380-1390
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
DDT (pesticide); Urobatis; age structure; animals; aromatic compounds; bioaccumulation; females; forage; foraging; habitats; males; models; pollutants; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnancy; progeny; toxicity; California
Abstract:
... While contaminant concentrations have been reported for elasmobranchs around the world, no studies have examined bioaccumulation patterns across male and female age classes. The round stingray (Urobatis halleri) is a local benthic species that forages near areas of high organochlorine contamination and represents a good elasmobranch model. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, and chlordanes were ...
DOI:
10.1002/etc.2564
PubMed:
24838923

39. Biochar does not mitigate field-scale N2O emissions in a Northern California vineyard: An assessment across two years

Author:
Elizabeth Verhoeven; Johan Six
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2014 v.191 pp. 27-38
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
agroecosystems; ammonium compounds; biochar; climate change; cover crops; crop yield; cropping systems; greenhouse gas emissions; irrigation; nitrates; nitrification; nitrous oxide; soil amendments; soil density; soil pH; temperature; vineyards; walnuts; wine grapes; California
Abstract:
... Biochar amendment to soil has been proposed as a mechanism to mitigate climate change through an array of mechanisms; one being the mitigation of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Yet the extent and mechanisms through which this may be achieved in temperate agroecosystems is uncertain. We used a pine chip biochar produced at a moderate temperature (550°C, PC biochar) and a walnut shell biochar p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.008

40. Biocontrol attack increases pollen limitation under some circumstances in the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis

Author:
Sarah M. Swope
Source:
Oecologia 2014 v.174 no.1 pp. 205-215
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Centaurea solstitialis; biological control; herbivores; invasive species; pathogens; pollen; pollinators; reproduction; seed set; soil water; California
Abstract:
... Herbivore damage often deters pollinator visitation and many invasive plants in North America are pollinator-dependent. This has important implications for the biological control of invasive plants because it means that agents that deter pollinators may have a larger than expected impact on the plant. Yet interactions between pollinators and biocontrol agents are rarely evaluated. Centaurea solsti ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-013-2750-4

41. Biomass yield and nitrogen use of potential C4 and C3 dedicated energy crops in a Mediterranean climate

Author:
Gabriel M. Pedroso; Robert B. Hutmacher; Daniel Putnam; Johan Six; Chris van Kessel; Bruce A. Linquist
Source:
Field crops research 2014 v.161 pp. 149-157
ISSN:
0378-4290
Subject:
Andropogon gerardii; C3 plants; C4 plants; Cenchrus; Cynodon dactylon; Festuca arundinacea; Mediterranean climate; Miscanthus; Panicum virgatum; Thinopyrum elongatum; Thinopyrum ponticum; biomass production; dry matter accumulation; energy crops; fertilizer rates; fossil fuels; irrigated conditions; mortality; nitrogen; California
Abstract:
... Biomass-based fuels from bioenergy crops stand as viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Side-by-side information on yields and N requirements of potential bioenergy crops is, however, lacking. The objectives of our study were to evaluate yields, N removal, and response to N fertilization of perennial C4 and C3 species under different N availability conditions in an irrigated Mediterranean climate. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fcr.2014.02.003

42. Biomonitoring of traffic-related nitrogen pollution using Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue in the Sierra Nevada, California

Author:
R. Bermejo-Orduna; J.R. McBride; K. Shiraishi; D. Elustondo; E. Lasheras; J.M. Santamaría
Source:
Science of the total environment 2014 v.490 pp. 205-212
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
correlation; nitrogen content; zinc; nitrogen; lead; arsenic; mountains; coniferous forests; epiphytes; secondary forests; wolves; pollution; sodium; emissions; ecosystems; forest roads; stand basal area; stable isotopes; lichens; California
Abstract:
... To assess the impact of vehicular emissions on a mixed conifer forest, we measured the contents of the trace elements, N, C, and their respective natural isotopes (δ15N and δ13C), in the epiphytic lichen, L. vulpina. The samples were collected along transects perpendicular to Interstate 80 (I-80) and along a more remote, secondary forest road (R07). Distance to the road verge, trunk cover, and sta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.119

43. Biotic origin for Mima mounds supported by numerical modeling

Author:
Emmanuel J. Gabet; J. Taylor Perron; Donald L. Johnson
Source:
Geomorphology 2014 v.206 pp. 58-66
ISSN:
0169-555X
Subject:
basins; geophysics; gophers; habitats; indigenous species; mathematical models; microrelief; soil; vernal pools; Antarctica; California
Abstract:
... Mima mounds are ~1-m-high hillocks found on every continent except Antarctica. Despite often numbering in the millions within a single field, their origin has been a mystery, with proposed explanations ranging from glacial processes to seismic shaking. One hypothesis proposes that mounds in North America are built by burrowing mammals to provide refuge from seasonally saturated soils. We test this ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.018

44. Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods: Advancing Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation

Author:
Stefen Clara
Source:
Journal of mammalogy 2014 v.95 no.4 pp. 908-909
ISSN:
1545-1542
Subject:
fossils; histology; prices; California
Abstract:
... Padian, K., and E.-T. Lamm (eds.). 2013. Bone Histology of Fossil Tetrapods: Advancing Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 285 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-27352-8, price (hardbound), $75.00. ...
DOI:
10.1644/14-MAMM-R-040

45. Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae associated with panicle and shoot blight of pistachio in California, USA

Author:
Shuai Fei Chen; David P. Morgan; Themis J. Michailides
Source:
Fungal diversity 2014 v.67 no.1 pp. 157-179
ISSN:
1560-2745
Subject:
Botryosphaeria dothidea; Diaporthe; Diplodia seriata; Dothiorella; Lasiodiplodia; Neofusicoccum; blight; conidia; cultivars; females; fungi; genes; industry; males; mycelium; panicles; pathogenicity; pistachios; species identification; Arizona; Australia; California; Greece
Abstract:
... Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight was considered as one of the single greatest threats to the California pistachio industry in the last two decades. A large number of fungi with typical morphological characteristics of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe were collected from pistachios in 18 counties in California and deposited in our culture collection. The aims of this study were to identify t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13225-014-0285-6

46. Breeding grape rootstocks for resistance to phylloxera and nematodes - it's not always easy

Author:
M. A. Walker; K. Lund; C. Aguero; S. Riaz; K. Fort; C. Heinitz; N. Romero
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 v. no.1045 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Citrus; Phylloxera; Pierce's disease; Vitis rotundifolia var. rotundifolia; Xiphinema index; breeding; climate change; control methods; disease resistance; drought; genes; grapes; hybrids; inoculum; leaf galls; microsatellite repeats; pest control; pest resistance; progeny; ring nematodes; root-knot nematodes; rootstocks; salinity; soil temperature; California
Abstract:
... Grape rootstocks were first developed to address the phylloxera crisis during the late 1800s, and many of these rootstocks continue to be used. However, changes in the climate, water availability, pest pressure, and pest control practices require the development of new and better-adapted rootstocks. Many of the traits we need to address these issues are from Vitis species that have not been widely ...

47. Bromethalin poisoning in a raccoon (Procyon lotor): diagnostic considerations and relevance to nontarget wildlife

Author:
Adrienne C. Bautista; Leslie W. Woods; Mike S. Filigenzi; Birgit Puschner
Source:
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation v.26 no.1 pp. 154-157
ISSN:
1943-4936
Subject:
4-aminopyridine; Procyon lotor; adipose tissue; animals; anticoagulants; brain; edema; gastrointestinal system; high performance liquid chromatography; histology; kidneys; liver; metabolites; necropsy; oxidative phosphorylation; poisoning; rodenticides; salts; strychnine; tandem mass spectrometry; toxicity testing; vacuoles; wildlife; California
Abstract:
... Submission of a raccoon (Procyon lotor) for necropsy following exhaustion at a California wildlife care center revealed minimal gross pathologic changes and only mild vacuolar changes in the white matter of the brain. Turquoise granular material was noted in the gastrointestinal tract and was submitted for toxicological testing along with portions of the brain, liver, kidney, and mesenteric and pe ...
DOI:
10.1177/1040638713510296

48. Calculating the Diffusive Flux of Persistent Organic Pollutants between Sediments and the Water Column on the Palos Verdes Shelf Superfund Site Using Polymeric Passive Samplers

Author:
Fernandez Loretta A.; Lao Wenjian; Maruya Keith A.; Burgess Robert M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2014 v.48 no.7 pp. 3925-3934
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
DDD (pesticide); DDE (pesticide); models; persistent organic pollutants; polychlorinated biphenyls; samplers; sand; solid phase microextraction; California
Abstract:
... Passive samplers were deployed to the seafloor at a marine Superfund site on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA, and used to determine water concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the surface sediments and near-bottom water. A model of Fickian diffusion across a thin water boundary layer at the sediment-water interface was used to calculate flux of contaminants due to molec ...
DOI:
10.1021/es404475c

49. California processing tomatoes: Morphological, physiological and phenological traits associated with crop improvement during the last 80 years

Author:
Felipe H. Barrios-Masias; Louise E. Jackson
Source:
European journal of agronomy 2014 v.53 pp. 45-55
ISSN:
1161-0301
Subject:
biomass; crop yield; crops; cultivars; environmental factors; flowering; fruit set; genetic improvement; mechanization; multivariate analysis; nitrogen content; phenology; photosynthesis; plant breeding; tomatoes; California
Abstract:
... Breeding has greatly increased yields of many crops, but the contributions of particular morphological, phenological and physiological traits to these higher yields are rarely well understood. In the past 50 years, California processing tomato yields per hectare have more than doubled. This study evaluated a group of important processing tomato cultivars released over the past 80 years in Californ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.eja.2013.11.007

50. California walnut improvement program: scion breeding and rootstock development

Author:
C. A. Leslie; G. H. McGranahan
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2013 no.1050 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Cherry leaf roll virus; DNA; Juglans hindsii; Juglans regia; Nematoda; Phytophthora; bioinformatics; breeding; color; crown galls; cultivars; farms; genetic resistance; genomics; genotype; growers; harvest date; hybrids; industry; micropropagation; pathogens; phenotype; planting; rootstocks; scions; seeds; university programs; walnuts; California
Abstract:
... The goals of the University of California-Davis Walnut Improvement Program are to develop improved scion and rootstock cultivars for the California walnut industry and to utilize emerging genomic tools to increase breeding efficiency. Scion breeding objectives include new cultivars with early harvest dates, light kernel color, and resistance to blight and the development of scions with resistance ...

51. California's Cap-and-Trade Programme and Insights for China's Pilot Schemes

Author:
Bo Shen; Fan Dai; Lynn Price; Hongyou Lu
Source:
Energy & environment v.25 no.3-4 pp. 551-575
ISSN:
2048-4070
Subject:
compliance; environmental markets; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; California; China
Abstract:
... California's cap-and-trade programme under the Assembly Bill 32 is a key element in California's comprehensive plan for reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. In China, separate local cap-and-trade pilot schemes are being developed to explore a market-based solution for addressing the country's increasing GHG emissions. The Californian cap-and-trade scheme and China's ...
DOI:
10.1260/0958-305X.25.3-4.551

52. Can behavioral fish-guidance devices protect juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from entrainment into unscreened water-diversion pipes?

Author:
Timothy D. Mussen; Oliver Patton; Dennis Cocherell; Ali Ercan; Hossein Bandeh; M. Levent Kavvas; Joseph J. Cech; Nann A. Fangue
Source:
Canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 2014 v.71 no.8 pp. 1209-1219
ISSN:
1205-7533
Subject:
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; fish; fish behavior; juveniles; pipes; risk; rivers; schools of fish; spring; summer; watersheds; California
Abstract:
... Entrainment through water-diversion structures is a major passage challenge for fishes in watersheds worldwide. Behavioral guidance devices may be effective in passing fish by diversion inlets, thereby decreasing entrainment without reducing water-diversion rates, but data on their effectiveness is limited. In California’s central valley, out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfas-2013-0601

53. Can fire atlas data improve species distribution model projections?

Author:
Shawn M. Crimmins; Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Alison R. Mynsberge; Hugh D. Safford
Source:
Ecological applications 2014 v.24 no.5 pp. 1057-1069
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
biogeography; climate; climate change; data collection; fire regime; meteorological data; models; mountains; prediction; California
Abstract:
... Correlative species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in studies of climate change impacts, yet are often criticized for failing to incorporate disturbance processes that can influence species distributions. Here we use two temporally independent data sets of vascular plant distributions, climate data, and fire atlas data to examine the influence of disturbance history on SDM projection a ...
DOI:
10.1890/13-0924.1

54. Capturing multiple values of ecosystem services shaped by environmental worldviews: A spatial analysis

Author:
Carena J. Van Riper; Gerard T. Kyle
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2014 v.145 pp. 374-384
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
aquatic ecosystems; biodiversity; conservation areas; data collection; decision making; ecosystem services; environmental management; geographic information systems; national parks; recreation; social benefit; stakeholders; surveys; California
Abstract:
... Two related approaches to valuing nature have been advanced in past research including the study of ecosystem services and psychological investigations of the factors that shape behavior. Stronger integration of the insights that emerge from these two lines of enquiry can more effectively sustain ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. Drawing on survey data collected from outdoor recreationi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.014

55. Carbon Market Lessons and Global Policy Outlook

Author:
Richard G. Newell; William A. Pizer; Daniel Raimi
Source:
Science 2014 v.343 no.6177 pp. 1316-1317
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
European Union; carbon markets; emissions; issues and policy; prices; California; China; Quebec
Abstract:
... Prices in the European Union's (EU) Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) spent 2013 at historic lows. Elected officials have promised to repeal the Australian carbon market. Yet five new regional carbon markets recently began in China, which nearly doubled the volume of emissions covered by trading programs. This follows California's successful launch of its cap-and-trade program in 2013 and its 2014 ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1246907

56. Carex xerophila (Cyperaceae), a New Sedge from the Chaparral of Northern California

Author:
Zika Peter F.; Janeway Lawrence P.; Wilson Barbara L.
Source:
Madroño 2014 v.61 no.3 pp. 299-307
ISSN:
0024-9637
Subject:
Carex; altitude; chaparral; forests; habitats; hills; leaves; mountains; new species; serpentine soils; topographic slope; California
Abstract:
... Carex xerophila Janeway & Zika is described from gabbro and serpentine soils on the west slope of the northern Sierra Nevada in California. It is documented from four populations in or on the margins of chaparral and open forest. The new species is assigned to Carex section Acrocystis Dumort., and a key is provided for all California representatives of the section. Carex xerophila differs from C. ...
DOI:
10.3120/0024-9637-61.3.299

57. Case Study: Long-Term Livestock Grazing Influence on Vegetation Class in Coyote Flat, California, USA

Author:
Rob Pearce; Ken Lair; Gary Frasier
Source:
Rangelands 2014 v.36 no.4 pp. 2-12
ISSN:
0190-0528
Subject:
USDA Forest Service; case studies; ecosystems; grazing intensity; livestock; meadows; mountains; range management; rangelands; soil; California
Abstract:
... Parker Three-Step data that exist on many US Forest Service allotments may be the only remaining, truly long-term vegetation and soil data available. Although Parker Three-Step procedures have been abandoned on many Forest Service districts, the historical insight they provide may be worth revisiting for management purposes. The Parker photos that accompany the transect data may be of more value t ...
DOI:
10.2111/RANGELANDS-D-14-00003.1

58. Cesium radioisotope content of wild edible fungi, mineral soil, and surface litter in western North America after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author:
Matthew J. Trappe; Leah D. Minc; Kimberly S. Kittredge; Jeremias W. Pink
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 2014 v.44 no.11 pp. 1441-1452
ISSN:
1208-6037
Subject:
radionuclides; edible fungi; mineral soils; cesium; human health; coasts; California
Abstract:
... We measured activity levels of radioisotopes cesium-134 (¹³⁴Cs) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) in wild edible fungi, mineral soil, and surface litter of the west coast of North America from southern California to northern Vancouver Island after the Fukushima nuclear accident. All activity measurements were below United States governmental limits for human health. ¹³⁷Cs activity increased to the north in m ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfr-2014-0105

59. Change detection of storm runoff and sediment yield using hydrologic models following wildfire in a coastal redwood forest, California

Author:
Christopher G. Surfleet; Brian Dietterick; Arne Skaugset
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 2014 v.44 no.6 pp. 572-581
ISSN:
1208-6037
Subject:
Sequoia sempervirens; canopy; climate models; experimental design; fire severity; forests; hydrologic models; overstory; pollution load; sediment yield; sediments; stormwater; stream channels; stream flow; uncertainty; understory; watersheds; wildfires; California
Abstract:
... This study attempted to detect changes in stormflow volumes, peakflows, and sediment loads using hydrologic models within the context of an uncertainty assessment following wildfire. In 2009, after 8 years of study, the Lockheed Fire burned the treatment and control watersheds of a paired watershed study in coastal California, USA, eliminating the ability to continue a paired watershed before–afte ...
DOI:
10.1139/cjfr-2013-0328

60. Changes in fine particulate matter measurement methods and ambient concentrations in California

Author:
Ling Tao; Robert A. Harley
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2014 v.98 pp. 676-684
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
air; air pollution; atmospheric chemistry; basins; monitoring; particulates; winter; California
Abstract:
... The fine particle (PM2.5) air pollution monitoring network in California underwent major changes between 1988 and 2013, adding continuous beta attenuation monitors (BAM) to the network. This paper analyzes temporal patterns using PM2.5 mass measurements from three major air basins. Regressions of BAM against filter measurements generally show BAM reads higher by 3–6 μg/m3 for annual averages. Most ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.044

61. Changes in occurrence, richness, and biological traits of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in California and Nevada over the past century

Author:
Joan E. Ball-Damerow; Leithen K. M’Gonigle; Vincent H. Resh
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2014 v.23 no.8 pp. 2107-2126
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
Anisoptera (Odonata); Zygoptera; adults; climate change; diapause; drought; freshwater ecosystems; habitats; homogenization; human population; life history; models; overwintering; population growth; species diversity; temperature; urbanization; California; Nevada
Abstract:
... Increases in water demand, urbanization, and severity of drought threaten freshwater ecosystems of the arid western United States. Historical assessments of change in assemblages over time can help determine the effects of these stressors but, to date, are rare. In the present study, we resurveyed 45 sites originally sampled in 1914–1915 for Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) adults throughout ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-014-0707-5

62. Changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and corticosterone in response to acute stress of capture, handling and restraint in two subspecies of white-crowned sparrows

Author:
Jesse S. Krause; David Dorsa; John C. Wingfield
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2014 v.177 pp. 35-40
ISSN:
1095-6433
Subject:
Passeriformes; blood; chromatography; corticosterone; globulins; latitude; mammals; prasterone; progesterone; stress response; California
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine circulating patterns of the three major adrenal steroids in blood in response to stress during acute restraint handling in two subspecies of white-crowned sparrow. Gambel's white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) are long distance migrants that breed at high latitudes and Nuttall's white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) are ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.07.019

63. Characterisation of whisker control in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) during a complex, dynamic sensorimotor task

Author:
Alyx O. Milne; Robyn A. Grant
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2014 v.200 no.10 pp. 871-879
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
Zalophus; head; humans; hydrodynamics; sensory system; California
Abstract:
... Studies in pinniped whisker use have shown that their whiskers are extremely sensitive to tactile and hydrodynamic signals. While pinnipeds position their whiskers on to objects and have some control over their whisker protractions, it has always been thought that head movements are more responsible for whisker positioning than the movement of the whiskers themselves. This study uses ball balancin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-014-0931-1
PubMed:
25138923

64. Characterization and Epidemiology of Outbreaks of Impatiens necrotic spot virus on Lettuce in Coastal California

Author:
Kuo Yen-Wen; Gilbertson Robert L.; Turini Tom; Brennan Eric B.; Smith Richard F.; Koike Steven T.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.8 pp. 1050-1059
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
plant viruses; sweet peppers; Lactuca sativa; basil; Ocimum basilicum; Frankliniella occidentalis; direct seeding; sap; growers; plant diseases and disorders; Zantedeschia aethiopica; Capsicum annuum; spinach; Capsella bursa-pastoris; faba beans; viruses; chlorosis; coasts; Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus; crop production; Vicia faba; monitoring; hosts; disease control; disease outbreaks; weeds; lettuce; Malva; disease reservoirs; Spinacia oleracea; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; disease surveys; genetic variation; Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus; Cichorium intybus; crops; California
Abstract:
... California is the leading producer of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for the United States and grows 77% of the country's supply. Prior to 2006, coastal California lettuce was only periodically and incidentally infected by a single tospoviruses species: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). However, beginning in 2006 and continuing through 2012, severe outbreaks of disease caused by Impatiens necrotic spot ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0681-RE

65. Characterization of bacterial communities in solarized soil amended with lignocellulosic organic matter

Author:
Christopher W. Simmons; Joshua T. Claypool; Megan N. Marshall; Lauren K. Jabusch; Amitha P. Reddy; Blake A. Simmons; Steven W. Singer; James J. Stapleton; Jean S. VanderGheynst
Source:
Applied soil ecology 2014 v.73 pp. 97-104
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
bacterial communities; biomass; community structure; composts; genes; green waste; heat inactivation; heat treatment; microbial activity; organic matter; plant pathogens; ribosomal RNA; seeds; soil air; soil depth; soil solarization; soil temperature; species diversity; thermophilic bacteria; weeds; wheat bran; California
Abstract:
... Solarization can provide thermal inactivation of weed seeds and phytopathogens through passive solar heating of moist soil covered with clear plastic tarp. Microbial respiration in soils, especially those with increasing levels of organic matter, can augment solarization to produce soil temperatures higher than those achieved by solar heating alone. Currently, it is unclear how solarization affect ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.08.014

66. Characterization of “Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus” Populations by Double-Locus Analyses

Author:
X. Deng; S. Lopes; X. Wang; X. Sun; D. Jones; M. Irey; E. Civerolo; J. Chen
Source:
Current microbiology 2014 v.69 no.4 pp. 554-560
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; Citrus; genotype; greening disease; loci; single nucleotide polymorphism; Brazil; California; China; Florida
Abstract:
... “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CaLas) is associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease), which is highly destructive to world citrus production. Understanding the relationships of CaLas isolates from different geographical regions is important for HLB research and development of disease management strategies. In this study, 301 CaLas isolates [85 Brazil, 132 China, and 84 U ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-014-0621-9
PubMed:
24912994

67. Characterizing estuarine plume discharge into the coastal ocean using fatty acid biomarkers and pigment analysis

Author:
Andrew M. Fischer; John P. Ryan; Christian Levesque; Nicholas Welschmeyer
Source:
Marine environmental research 2014 v.99 pp. 106-116
ISSN:
0141-1136
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Miozoa; aesthetics; bacteria; benthic organisms; biomarkers; coastal water; color; dissolved organic matter; estuaries; fatty acids; fisheries; humans; recreation; surveys; trade; transportation; California
Abstract:
... The transformation of estuaries by human activities continues to alter the biogeochemical balance of the coastal ocean. The disruption of this balance can negatively impact the provision of goods and services, including fisheries, commerce and transportation, recreation and esthetic enjoyment. Here we examine a link, between the Elkhorn Slough and the coastal ocean in Monterey Bay, California (USA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.04.006

68. Chemical flushing from an urban-fringe watershed: hydrologic and riparian soil dynamics

Author:
Alicia M. Kinoshita; Terri S. Hogue; Janet Barco; Christopher Wessel
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2014 v.72 no.3 pp. 879-889
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
models; nitrates; prediction; rain intensity; riparian areas; riparian soils; soil chemistry; soil profiles; solutes; storms; watersheds; California
Abstract:
... The goal of the current study is to better understand the role of storm dynamics on stream water chemical variability in a highly polluted urban-fringe watershed. The study was conducted in the upper reach of the Arroyo Seco watershed located on the eastern edge of the densely urbanized Los Angeles basin in California. During the 2008–2009 study period, high-frequency stream water observations of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-013-3011-x

69. Chronic oiling of marine birds in California by natural petroleum seeps, shipwrecks, and other sources

Author:
Laird A. Henkel; Hannahrose Nevins; Marida Martin; Susan Sugarman; James T. Harvey; Michael H. Ziccardi
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2014 v.79 no.1-2 pp. 155-163
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
feathers; oil spills; petroleum; seabirds; storms; surveys; water pollution; wildlife; winter; California
Abstract:
... We assessed temporal and spatial patterns of chronic oiling of seabirds in California during 2005–2010, using data on: (1) live oiled birds reported to the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) from throughout the state, and (2) dead oiled birds found during systematic monthly beached-bird surveys in central California. A mean of 245 (±141 SD) live miscellaneous oiled birds (not associated with known ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.023

70. Climate change and wind intensification in coastal upwelling ecosystems

Author:
W. J. Sydeman; M. García-Reyes; D. S. Schoeman; R. R. Rykaczewski; S. A. Thompson; B. A. Black; S. J. Bograd
Source:
Science 2014 v.345 no.6192 pp. 77-80
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
biodiversity; climate; coasts; cold; ecosystems; global warming; marine fish; seawater; temperature; wind speed; California
Abstract:
... Strong winds, upwelling, and teeming shores Climate warming has produced stronger winds along some coasts, a result of growing differences in temperature and pressure between land and sea. These winds cause cold nutrient-rich seawater to rise to the surface, affecting climate and fueling marine productivity. Sydeman et al. examined data from the five major world regions where upwelling is occurrin ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1251635

71. Climatic and density influences on recruitment in an irruptive population of Roosevelt elk

Author:
Starns Heath D.; Ricca Mark A.; Duarte Adam; Weckerly Floyd W.
Source:
Journal of mammalogy 2014 v.95 no.5 pp. 925-932
ISSN:
1545-1542
Subject:
Cervus elaphus; Sequoia sempervirens; climatic factors; data collection; elks; national parks; population growth; population size; time series analysis; California
Abstract:
... Current paradigms of ungulate population ecology recognize that density-dependent and independent mechanisms are not always mutually exclusive. Long-term data sets are necessary to assess the relative strength of each mechanism, especially when populations display irruptive dynamics. Using an 18-year time series of population abundances of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) inhabiting Redwo ...
DOI:
10.1644/13-MAMM-A-313

72. Climatic niche shifts in the serpentine soil flora of California

Author:
Dylan O. Burge; Carl F. Salk; Ingolf Kühn
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2014 v.25 no.3 pp. 873-884
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
climate; cold; data collection; geographical distribution; herbaria; latitude; longitude; plant response; serpentine; serpentine soils; simulation models; temperature; California
Abstract:
... QUESTION: Soil properties are known to have a profound effect on the geographic distribution of plants. Unusual soils seem to allow species to occur outside their ‘typical’ (realized) climatic niche. However, the generality of this pattern, and the mechanisms that drive it, are poorly known. Here, we focus on the tendency for some plant species to occur at unusually low elevations on infertile sub ...
DOI:
10.1111/jvs.12144

73. Coastal adaptation: The case of Ocean Beach, San Francisco

Author:
So-Min Cheong
Source:
Ocean & coastal management 2014 v.87 pp. 88-92
ISSN:
0964-5691
Subject:
planning; wastewater treatment; U.S. National Park Service; stakeholders; public utilities; California
Abstract:
... This paper examines the way coastal adaptation at the local level works citing one of the more successful cases of adaptation planning in Ocean Beach, San Francisco. Recent erosions that endangered San Francisco's wastewater treatment system helped push coastal adaptation initiatives to produce the Ocean Beach Master Plan. The plan included scenarios and trade-offs to engage multiple stakeholders ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.013

74. Coastal and interior Douglas-fir provenances differ in growth performance and response to drought episodes at adult age

Author:
Anne-Sophie Sergent; Nathalie Bréda; Léopoldo Sanchez; Jean-Charles Bastein; Philippe Rozenberg
Source:
Annals of forest science 2014 v.71 no.6 pp. 709-720
ISSN:
1286-4560
Subject:
drought; trees; dieback; adults; wood density; planting; screening; geographical distribution; heat; models; climate change; soil water; growth retardation; growth performance; provenance; wood; Pseudotsuga menziesii; California; France; Oregon; British Columbia; New Mexico
Abstract:
... CONTEXT : Since the 2003 drought and heat wave, Douglas-fir dieback has been reported in France in trees older than 30 years. Consequently, it is questioned whether selected Douglas-fir provenances are suited to the frequent and severe drought events which are forecast due to climate change. AIMS : Our objective was to contribute to the screening of variability in productivity and growth response ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13595-014-0393-1

75. Coccidioidomycosis in a pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens)

Author:
Schmitt Todd L.; Procter Diana G.
Source:
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine 2014 v.45 no.1 pp. 173-175
ISSN:
1042-7260
Subject:
Odobenus rosmarus; amoxicillin; antibodies; appetite; clavulanic acid; coccidioidomycosis; complement; females; fungi; hematologic tests; iron; leukocytes; relapse; therapeutics; weight loss; California
Abstract:
... An 11yr-old female Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) demonstrated decreased appetite and weight loss approximately 4 wk after truck transport from a northern California facility to a southern California facility. An initial blood analysis revealed a leukocytosis of 22,800 white blood cells (WBC)/μl, with a left shift, low iron (58 μg/dl), and mild hyperglobulinemia (4.3 g/dl). Empiric a ...
DOI:
10.1638/2013-0098R.1

76. Colonization of Dormant Walnut Buds by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Is Predictive of Subsequent Disease

Author:
Lindow Steven; Olson William; Buchner Richard
Source:
Phytopathology 2014 v.104 no.11 pp. 1163-1174
ISSN:
0031-949X
Subject:
Xanthomonas arboricola; blight; budbreak; buds; disease incidence; inoculum; orchards; pathogens; population size; rain; risk; shoots; spring; temporal variation; trees; walnuts; California
Abstract:
... The potential role of walnut buds as a driver of walnut blight disease, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, was addressed by quantifying its temporal dynamics in a large number of orchards in California. The abundance of X. arboricola pv. juglandis on individual dormant and developing buds and shoots of walnut trees varied by >10⁶-fold at any sample time and within a given tree. X. arb ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHYTO-01-14-0001-R

77. Communicating About Smoke from Wildland Fire: Challenges and Opportunities for Managers

Author:
Christine S. Olsen; Danielle K. Mazzotta; Eric Toman; A. Paige Fischer
Source:
Environmental management 2014 v.54 no.3 pp. 571-582
ISSN:
0364-152X
Subject:
government agencies; interviews; managers; outreach; risk; smoke; smoke management; social networks; wildfires; California; Montana; Oregon; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Wildland fire and associated management efforts are dominant topics in natural resource fields. Smoke from fires can be a nuisance and pose serious health risks and aggravate pre-existing health conditions. When it results in reduced visibility near roadways, smoke can also pose hazardous driving conditions and reduce the scenic value of vistas. Communicating about smoke, whether in the preparatio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00267-014-0312-0
PubMed:
25034752

78. Community air monitoring for pesticides—part 2: multiresidue determination of pesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Author:
Matt Hengel; P. Lee
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2014 v.186 no.3 pp. 1343-1353
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
acetates; air; azinphos-methyl; chlorothalonil; chlorpyrifos; chlorthal-dimethyl; cycloate; cypermethrin; diazinon; dichlorvos; dicloran; dicofol; dimethoate; diuron; endosulfan; ethalfluralin; foods; gas chromatography; iprodione; liquid chromatography; malathion; mass spectrometry; metolachlor; molinate; monitoring; naled; norflurazon; oryzalin; oxyfluorfen; permethrin; phosmet; pronamide; propanil; propargite; simazine; thiobencarb; trifluralin; vinclozolin; California
Abstract:
... Two multiresidue methods were developed to determine pesticides in air collected in California. Pesticides were trapped using XAD-4 resin and extracted with ethyl acetate. Based on an analytical method from the University of California Davis Trace Analytical Laboratory, pesticides were detected by analyzing the extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine chlorothalonil, ch ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-013-3395-9
PubMed:
24370860

79. Comparative anatomy of the ophthalmic rete and its relationship to ocular blood flow in three species of marine mammal

Author:
Hiroyoshi Ninomiya; Emi Imamura; Tomo Inomata
Source:
Veterinary ophthalmology 2014 v.17 no.2 pp. 100-105
ISSN:
1463-5216
Subject:
Panthera leo; Phoca; Tursiops truncatus; Zalophus; ambient temperature; aquatic habitat; arteries; blood; blood flow; cold; dolphins; eyes; muscles; photoreceptors; scanning electron microscopes; seals; thermography; California
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To examine the blood supply to the eyes of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), spotted seal (Phoca largha), and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Emphasis is placed on exploring the anatomic function in the context of aquatic life. PROCEDURE: Methyl methacrylate casts were prepared and studied using a scanning electron microscope. Infrared images of the eye were recorde ...
DOI:
10.1111/vop.12048
PubMed:
23742618

80. Comparative carbon footprint assessment of winter lettuce production in two climatic zones for Midwestern market

Author:
Rachel Plawecki; Rich Pirog; Adam Montri; Michael W. Hamm
Source:
Renewable agriculture and food systems 2014 v.29 no.4 pp. 310-318
ISSN:
1742-1713
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbon footprint; climatic zones; cold season; crop production; environmental impact; farms; leaf lettuce; local food systems; manufacturing; markets; models; organic foods; California; Michigan
Abstract:
... The following study assesses cold-season hoop house lettuce production in the context of local food systems’ relative environmental effects. For this purpose, we compare the carbon footprints of leaf lettuce production in two climatic zones, one close to the consumer market and one distant, via environmental impact modeling in SimaPro 7.3. A site-specific scenario is first detailed with organic le ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1742170513000161

81. Comparing the Status of Two Sympatric Amphibians in the Sierra Nevada, California: Insights on Ecological Risk and Monitoring Common Species

Author:
Brown Cathy; Wilkinson Lucas R.; Kiehl Kathryn B.
Source:
Journal of Herpetology 2014 v.48 no.1 pp. 74-83
ISSN:
0022-1511
Subject:
Pseudacris; Rana; adults; biogeography; breeding; extinction; forests; frogs; lentic systems; lotic systems; monitoring; mountains; prediction; risk; tadpoles; watersheds; California
Abstract:
... Basic information on species distribution and abundance is often lacking, even for common species. The historically abundant Mountain Yellow-legged (Rana sp.) and Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris sp.) species complexes occur sympatrically and are exposed to similar threats. We evaluated the status of these species complexes on national forest lands in the Sierra Nevada, California as part of a long-te ...
DOI:
10.1670/12-103

82. Comparison of bloom and harvest dates, alternate bearing index and nut quality parameters of ‘Golden Hill’s and ‘Lost Hills’ pistachio cultivars to 'Kerman'

Author:
Kallsen, C.E.; Parfitt, D.E.; Holtz, B.A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1028 pp. 279-284
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Pistacia vera; alternate bearing; breeding; cultivars; females; flowering; growers; harvest date; industry; males; pistachios; pollen; pollination; researchers; trees; California
Abstract:
... From the 1970s through the first years of the 21st century, U.S. growers were completely dependent on the ‘Kerman’ female and ‘Peters’ male pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars. As a result of a breeding program conducted by University of California researchers from 1989 to 1996, two female pistachio trees, ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Lost Hills’ were identified as having valuable traits for the U.S. pi ...

83. Comparison of vegetation phenology in the western USA determined from reflected GPS microwave signals and NDVI

Author:
S.G. Evans; E.E. Small; K.M. Larson
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2014 v.35 no.9 pp. 2996-3017
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
plant growth; global positioning systems; phenology; spring; growing season; seasonal variation; reflectance; water content; remote sensing; biomass; microwave radiation; vegetation; satellites; normalized difference vegetation index; California
Abstract:
... The normalized microwave reflection index (NMRI) is a measure of multipath scattering calculated daily from continuously operating GPS sites. GPS satellites transmit L-band microwave signals, and thus NMRI is sensitive to the amount of water in vegetation, not plant greenness or dry biomass. The sensing footprint is approximately 1000 m ², although reflections from a distance of hundreds of metres ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2014.894660

84. Competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for vitamin B12 analysis in human milk

Author:
Daniela Hampel; Setareh Shahab-Ferdows; Joseph M. Domek; Towfida Siddiqua; Rubhana Raqib; Lindsay H. Allen
Source:
Food chemistry 2014 v.153 pp. 60-65
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; blood serum; breast milk; chemiluminescence; enzyme immunoassays; milk; vitamin B12; women; California
Abstract:
... Recent discoveries of matrix interferences by haptocorrin (HC) in human milk and serum show that past analyses of vitamin B12 in samples with high HC content might have been inaccurate (Lildballe et al., 2009; Carmel & Agrawal, 2012). We evaluated two competitive enzyme-binding immunoassays for serum/plasma (IMMULITE and SimulTRAC-SNB) for B12 analysis in human milk. B12-recovery rates (United Sta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.033

85. Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of an endornavirus from bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in California, U.S.A.

Author:
Sun-Jung Kwon; Shih-hua Tan; Georgios Vidalakis
Source:
Virus genes 2014 v.49 no.1 pp. 163-168
ISSN:
0920-8569
Subject:
Alphaendornavirus; open reading frames; genome; seedlings; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; Lagenaria siceraria; California
Abstract:
... The full-length nucleotide sequence and genome organization of an Endornavirus isolated from ornamental hard shell bottle gourd plants (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) in California (CA), USA tentatively named L. siceraria endornavirus-California (LsEV-CA) was determined. The LsEV-CA genome was 15088 bp in length, with a G + C content of 36.55 %. The lengths of the 5′ and 3′ untranslated reg ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11262-014-1064-x
PubMed:
24818693

86. Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus)

Author:
Jason Baumsteiger; Andrew P. Kinziger; Stewart B. Reid; Andres Aguilar
Source:
Molecular ecology 2014 v.23 no.10 pp. 2602-2618
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Cottus; freshwater fish; gene flow; hybridization; landscapes; microsatellite repeats; phylogeography; population structure; rivers; watersheds; California; Sacramento River; San Joaquin River; Sierra Nevada (California)
Abstract:
... Species ranges that span different geographic landscapes frequently contain cryptic species‐ or population‐level structure. Identifying these possible diversification factors can often be accomplished under a comparative phylogeographic framework. However, comparisons suffer if previous studies are limited to a particular group or habitat type. In California, a complex landscape has led to several ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.12758
PubMed:
24750456

87. Concentrated solar drying of tomatoes

Author:
Blake Ringeisen; Diane M. Barrett; Pieter Stroeve
Source:
Energy for sustainable development 2014 v.19 pp. 47-55
ISSN:
0973-0826
Subject:
ascorbic acid; autumn; brix; climatic factors; color; developing countries; dryers; energy; foods; fruits; human nutrition; lycopene; pH; postharvest losses; refrigeration; relative humidity; solar collectors; solar drying; solar radiation; summer; temperature; titratable acidity; tomatoes; tropics; water content; California; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of the human diet. Many developing countries such as Tanzania experience post-harvest losses of 40%, and there is little ability to preserve and store foods for off-season consumption due to expensive or unreliable energy and a lack of access to refrigeration. Alternatively, fruits and vegetables can be dehydrated using solar crop dryers. Because many dev ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.esd.2013.11.006

88. Congenital portosystemic shunts and hepatic encephalopathy in goat kids in California:11 cases (1999–2012)

Author:
Hailu Kinde; Patricia A. Pesavento; Alexandre P. Loretti; John M. Adaska; Bradd C. Barr; Janet D. Moore; Mark L. Anderson; Guillermo Rimoldi; Ashley E. Hill; Megan E. B. Jones
Source:
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation v.26 no.1 pp. 173-177
ISSN:
1943-4936
Subject:
Saanen; Toggenburg; ataxia (disorder); atrophy; bile acids; blindness; body condition; brain stem; cerebellum; cerebrum; congenital abnormalities; encephalopathy; females; head; hepatocytes; kids (goats); liver; males; mixed breeds; necropsy; parenchyma (animal tissue); pressing; seizures; spinal cord; California
Abstract:
... Between 1999 and 2012, 11 cases of congenital portosystemic shunts (cPSS) resulting in hepatic encephalopathy were diagnosed in goat kids necropsied at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System and at the Department of Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis. Affected animals included 6 females and 5 males of various ...
DOI:
10.1177/1040638713518050

89. Conservation challenges of a sink: the viability of an isolated population of the Snowy Plover

Author:
LUKE J. EBERHART-PHILLIPS; MARK A. COLWELL
Source:
Bird conservation international 2014 v.24 no.3 pp. 327-341
ISSN:
1474-0001
Subject:
Charadrius nivosus; Endangered Species Act of 1973; adults; anthropogenic activities; immigration; nests; population growth; threatened species; viability; California
Abstract:
... Source-sink dynamics are easily overlooked when formulating recovery objectives for threatened species. This could lead to unrealistic criteria imposed on sink populations, which in turn might restrict an entire metapopulation from being delisted. Therefore, an understanding of the viability of subpopulations within the context of a metapopulation is needed to develop appropriate recovery objectiv ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0959270913000506

90. Considering the switch: Challenges of transitioning to non-lead hunting ammunition

Author:
Epps Clinton W.
Source:
The Condor 2014 v.116 no.3 pp. 429-434
ISSN:
1938-5422
Subject:
cost analysis; game animals; human health; hunters; lead; outreach; prediction; risk; waterfowl; wildlife; wildlife management; California
Abstract:
... In this issue of The Condor: Ornithological Applications, Haig et al. (2014) summarize negative impacts of lead ammunition and fishing tackle on birds and discuss strategies for mitigating risks to wildlife and human health. Their Review raises an important set of questions for hunters, wildlife managers, and conservation scientists. Effective mitigation will require careful understanding of techn ...
DOI:
10.1650/CONDOR-14-78.1

91. Contribution of Urban Expansion and a Changing Climate to Decline of a Butterfly Fauna

Author:
KAYCE L. CASNER; MATTHEW L. FORISTER; JOSHUA M. O'BRIEN; JAMES THORNE; DAVID WAETJEN; ARTHUR M. SHAPIRO
Source:
Conservation biology 2014 v.28 no.3 pp. 773-782
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
agricultural land; butterflies; climate; farms; fauna; global warming; land use; landscapes; models; rain; species diversity; spring; summer; temperature; urbanization; California
Abstract:
... Butterfly populations are naturally patchy and undergo extinctions and recolonizations. Analyses based on more than 2 decades of data on California's Central Valley butterfly fauna show a net loss in species richness through time. We analyzed 22 years of phenological and faunistic data for butterflies to investigate patterns of species richness over time. We then used 18–22 years of data on change ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12241
PubMed:
24527888

92. Contributions to an Arthropod Inventory of Santa Cruz Island, California

Author:
Naughton Ida; Caterino Michael S.; Hanna Cause; Holway David
Source:
Monographs of the Western North American naturalist 2014 v.7 pp. 297-305
ISSN:
1545-0228
Subject:
Apoidea; Araneae; Calystegia; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Hemiptera; Lepidoptera; Neuroptera; Orthoptera; Pseudoscorpiones; Psocodea; Quercus; Scorpiones; arthropods; biodiversity; ecosystems; habitats; indigenous species; inventories; morphospecies; morphs; plants (botany); sampling; shrublands; trapping; woodlands; California
Abstract:
... Arthropods have been understudied on Santa Cruz Island, resulting in an incomplete understanding of these diverse and ecologically important members of island ecosystems. To enhance the current understanding of Santa Cruz Island biodiversity, we sampled arthropods in 2 native plant habitats: island scrub oak (Quercus pacifica) woodland and patches of island morning glory (Calystegia macrostegia ss ...
DOI:
10.3398/042.007.0122

93. Cooking up diversity. Impact of a multicomponent, multicultural, experiential intervention on food and cooking behaviors among elementary-school students from low-income ethnically diverse families

Author:
Qiong Chen; Keiko Goto; Cindy Wolff; Stephanie Bianco-Simeral; Kristin Gruneisen; Katharine Gray
Source:
Appetite 2014 v.80 pp. 114-122
ISSN:
0195-6663
Subject:
Latinos; children; cooking; equations; ethnic differences; focus groups; foods; home food preparation; ingredients; parents; quantitative analysis; recipes; schools; students; surveys; vegetables; California
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the impact of a pilot intervention promoting ethnic produce through classroom food demonstrations, tastings and home cooking activities among ethnically diverse elementary-school children ages 5–8 years old and their family members in Northern California. A total of 604 intervention students from four schools participated in classroom food demonstrations and tasting activities ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.009

94. Copper bioavailability and toxicity to Mytilus galloprovincialis in Shelter Island Yacht Basin, San Diego, CA

Author:
Casey Bosse; Gunther Rosen; Marienne Colvin; Patrick Earley; Robert Santore; Ignacio Rivera-Duarte
Source:
Marine pollution bulletin 2014 v.85 no.1 pp. 225-234
ISSN:
0025-326X
Subject:
Mytilus galloprovincialis; basins; bioavailability; chemical speciation; copper; dry season; ligands; models; mussels; prediction; saline water; surface water; toxicity; toxicity testing; water pollution; water quality criteria; California
Abstract:
... The bioavailability and toxicity of copper (Cu) in Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), San Diego, CA, USA, was assessed with simultaneous toxicological, chemical, and modeling approaches. Toxicological measurements included laboratory toxicity testing with Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel) embryos added to both site water (ambient) and site water spiked with multiple Cu concentration ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.05.045

95. Correlates and consequences of injury in a large, predatory stream salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)

Author:
Robin G. Munshaw; W.I. Atlas; W.J. Palen; Danielle M. Courcelles; Zachary L. Monteith
Source:
Amphibia-reptilia v.35 no.1 pp. 107-116
ISSN:
0173-5373
Subject:
aggression; biotic factors; cryptic species; habitats; models; population dynamics; probability; rivers; salamanders and newts; streams; surveys; weight-of-evidence; California
Abstract:
... Conspecific aggression is an important factor structuring population dynamics through intra- and interspecific interactions, but is rarely studied in un-manipulated populations. In this study, we evaluated rates of injury as a proxy for conspecific aggression using a depletion survey of predatory coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in a tributary of the South Fork Eel River, Califor ...
DOI:
10.1163/15685381-00002933

96. Correlation of noise levels and particulate matter concentrations near two major freeways in Los Angeles, California

Author:
Shi Shu; Pu Yang; Yifang Zhu
Source:
Environmental pollution 2014 v.193 pp. 130-137
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air; air pollution; correlation; noise pollution; particulates; pollutants; public health; roads; social justice; California
Abstract:
... Near-freeway environments are important from public health and environmental justice perspectives. This study investigated the spatial profile of and correlations between noise levels and particulate matter concentrations near two major freeways in Los Angeles, CA. Five minutes averages of A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LeqA), ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentrations, and fine ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.025

97. Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies using quantitative real-time PCR and bacterial culture to identify contagious mastitis cases in large dairy herds

Author:
Kiyokazu Murai; Terry W. Lehenbauer; John D. Champagne; Kathy Glenn; Sharif S. Aly
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2014 v.113 no.4 pp. 522-535
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Mycoplasma bovis; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae; cost effectiveness; cows; cross-sectional studies; dairy herds; diagnostic sensitivity; herd size; mastitis; milk; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; stochastic processes; California
Abstract:
... Diagnostic strategies to detect contagious mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae in dairy herds during an outbreak have been minimally studied with regard to cost and diagnostic sensitivity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for identification of infected cows in two Californ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.01.001

98. Cost‐Effectiveness of Alternative Conservation Strategies with Application to the Pacific Leatherback Turtle

Author:
HEIDI GJERTSEN; DALE SQUIRES; PETER H. DUTTON; TOMOHARU EGUCHI
Source:
Conservation biology 2014 v.28 no.1 pp. 140-149
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
Dermochelys coriacea; Xiphias gladius; beaches; bycatch; coasts; eggs; endangered species; finance; mortality; nesting sites; population growth; probability distribution; tuna; turtles; uncertainty; California; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Although holistic conservation addressing all sources of mortality for endangered species or stocks is the preferred conservation strategy, limited budgets require a criterion to prioritize conservation investments. We compared the cost‐effectiveness of nesting site and at‐sea conservation strategies for Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). We sought to determine which conservation ...
DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12239
PubMed:
24405417

99. Cows? In California? Rangelands and Livestock in the Golden State

Author:
Lynn Huntsinger; James W. Bartolome
Source:
Rangelands 2014 v.36 no.5 pp. 4-10
ISSN:
0190-0528
Subject:
Mediterranean climate; autumn; biodiversity; byproducts; cold; cows; deserts; ecoregions; feeds; forage; grazing; herds; landscapes; pastures; public lands; ranching; rangelands; spring; steppes; summer; California
Abstract:
... Most of the livestock forage in California is produced in the Mediterranean climate zone, despite a long summer dry period. There are also cold desert steppe and warm desert zones, and montane range, and both fall- and spring-calving cattle herds. Leased land, public land, irrigated pasture, supplements, by-products, and feeds round out the annual forage calendar. The Mediterranean zone has been t ...
DOI:
10.2111/Rangelands-D-14-00019.1

100. Critical Loads of Acid Deposition for Wilderness Lakes in the Sierra Nevada (California) Estimated by the Steady-State Water Chemistry Model

Author:
Glenn D. Shaw; Ricardo Cisneros; Donald Schweizer; James O. Sickman; Mark E. Fenn
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2014 v.225 no.1 pp. 1804
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
acid deposition; air quality; critical load; hydrochemistry; lakes; models; protons; watersheds; wilderness; California
Abstract:
... Major ion chemistry (2000–2009) from 208 lakes (342 sample dates and 600 samples) in class I and II wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada was used in the Steady-State Water Chemistry (SSWC) model to estimate critical loads for acid deposition and investigate the current vulnerability of high elevation lakes to acid deposition. The majority of the lakes were dilute (mean specific conductance = 8.0  ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-013-1804-x