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You searched for: Publication Year 2014 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2014 Subject equations Remove constraint Subject: equations
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1. 125I-Radiolabeling, Surface Plasmon Resonance, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation: Three Tools to Compare Protein Adsorption on Surfaces of Different Wettability

Author:
Luan Yafei; Li Dan; Wang Yanwei; Liu Xiaoli; Brash John L.; Chen Hong
Source:
Langmuir 2014 v.30 no.4 pp. 1029-1035
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
adsorption; biocompatibility; biocompatible materials; equations; fibrinogen; gold; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; models; quartz crystal microbalance; radiolabeling; surface plasmon resonance; wettability
Abstract:
... The extent of protein adsorption is an important consideration in the biocompatibility of biomaterials. Various experimental methods can be used to determine the quantity of protein adsorbed, but the results usually differ. In the present work, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to prepare a series of model gold surfaces varying systematically in water wettability, from hydrophilic to hydr ...
DOI:
10.1021/la403498w

2. 1DTempPro: Analyzing Temperature Profiles for Groundwater/Surface‐water Exchange

Author:
Emily B. Voytek; Anja Drenkelfuss; Frederick D. Day‐Lewis; Richard Healy; John W. Lane Jr.; Dale Werkema
Source:
Ground water 2014 v.52 no.2 pp. 298-302
ISSN:
0017-467X
Subject:
equations; heat; hydraulic conductivity; models; saturated flow; surveys; temperature profiles; user interface; United States
Abstract:
... A new computer program, 1DTempPro, is presented for the analysis of vertical one‐dimensional (1D) temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions. 1DTempPro is a graphical user interface to the U.S. Geological Survey code Variably Saturated 2‐Dimensional Heat Transport (VS2DH), which numerically solves the flow and heat‐transport equations. Pre‐ and postprocessor features allow the user to ca ...
DOI:
10.1111/gwat.12051
PubMed:
23550960

3. 2-D Modeling of thermo-kinetics coupled with heat and mass transfer in the reduction zone of a fixed bed downdraft biomass gasifier

Author:
Mohamed Ali Masmoudi; Melik Sahraoui; Najla Grioui; Kamel Halouani
Source:
Renewable energy 2014 v.66 pp. 288-298
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
biochar; biomass; energy; equations; gasification; heat; mass transfer; models; momentum; reaction kinetics; renewable energy sources; synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... A two dimensional modeling is developed in the reduction zone of a fixed bed downdraft biomass gasifier based on mass, energy and momentum conservation equations written for the solid and fluid phases and coupled with chemical kinetics. Kinetics parameters are derived from previous works and an effectiveness factor was used in the reaction rate correlation to quantify the mass transfer resistance ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.016

4. The 2013 Arvid Wretlind lecture: Evolving concepts in parenteral nutrition

Author:
Mette M. Berger
Source:
Clinical nutrition 2014 v.33 no.4 pp. 563-570
ISSN:
0261-5614
Subject:
adverse effects; bags; emulsions; energy; enteral feeding; equations; fatty liver; glutamine; hyperglycemia; inflammation; lipids; malnutrition; mortality; overfeeding; patients; sepsis (infection); total parenteral nutrition; Australia; Belgium; Israel; United States
Abstract:
... Fifty years after the clinical introduction of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) the Arvid Wretlind lecture is an opportunity to critically analyse the evolution and changes that have marked its development and clinical use. The standard crystalline amino acid solutions, while devoid of side effects, remain incomplete regarding their composition (e.g. glutamine). Lipid emulsions have evolved tremen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.005

5. A 24-Hour Time-Energy Budget for Wintering American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) and its Comparison to Allometric Estimations

Author:
Jones Orrin E.; Williams Christopher K.; Castelli Paul M.
Source:
Waterbirds 2014 v.37 no.3 pp. 264-273
ISSN:
1524-4695
Subject:
African Americans; Anas; allometry; carrying capacity; ducks; equations; managers; metabolism; resting metabolic rate
Abstract:
... Previous efforts to estimate the daily energy expenditure of American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) have relied upon diurnal behavior observations or predictive allometric equations. American Black Duck behavior was quantified during morning crepuscular, diurnal, evening crepuscular and nocturnal periods to create a 24-hr time-energy budget. Behaviors and energy expenditure differed between periods ...
DOI:
10.1675/063.037.0305

6. 24-gauge ultrafine cryoprobe with diameter of 550μm and its cooling performance

Author:
Junnosuke Okajima; Atsuki Komiya; Shigenao Maruyama
Source:
Cryobiology 2014 v.69 no.3 pp. 411-418
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
cooling; cryosurgery; equations; freezing; heat transfer; heat transfer coefficient; hydrocolloids; stainless steel; surface temperature
Abstract:
... This paper describes the development of a novel cryoprobe with the same size as a 24-gauge injection needle and the evaluation of its cooling performance. This ultrafine cryoprobe was designed to reduce the invasiveness and extend application areas of cryosurgery. The ultrafine cryoprobe has a double-tube structure and consists of two stainless steel microtubes. The outer diameter of the cryoprobe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.09.104

7. 2D numerical modeling of grain-sorting processes and grain size distributions

Author:
Yi Xiao; Hong Wang; Xuejun Shao
Source:
Journal of hydro-environment research 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 452-458
ISSN:
1570-6443
Subject:
equations; evolution; particle size distribution; sediment transport; sediments; simulation models
Abstract:
... A depth-averaged finite difference two-dimensional hydrodynamic-morphological and sediment transport model is presented in the orthogonal curvilinear grid system. The sediment submodel considers the influence of selective sorting by modifying the sediment transport capacity and incorporates a simple simulation method to describe changes in the grain size distribution of the bed surface by solving ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jher.2013.08.002

8. A 2D weakly-coupled and efficient numerical model for transient shallow flow and movable bed

Author:
C. Juez; J. Murillo; P. García-Navarro
Source:
Advances in water resources 2014 v.71 pp. 93-109
ISSN:
0309-1708
Subject:
bedload; case studies; equations; mathematical models; prediction; sediments; space and time; water resources
Abstract:
... Recent advances in the simulation of free surface flows over mobile bed have shown that accurate and stable results in realistic problems can be provided if an appropriate coupling between the shallow water equations (SWE) and the Exner equation is performed. This coupling can be done if using a suitable Jacobian matrix. As a result, faithful numerical predictions are available for a wide range of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.05.014

9. 2′-O-methyl nucleotide modified DNA substrates influence the cleavage efficiencies of BamHI and BglII

Author:
Zhaoxue Tong; Bin Zhao; Guojie Zhao; Hong Shang; Yifu Guan
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.4 pp. 621-630
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
DNA; enzyme activity; equations; nucleotides; sugars; synthetic biology
Abstract:
... Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage is an essential event that links the initiating stimuli to the final effects of cells. The cleavage efficiency and thus the final yield could be affected by many factors, including structures of DNA substrates, composite structures of enzymes–substrates or enzymes–nucleic analogs and so on. However, it is not clear whether a nucleotide derivative-substitut ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-014-9466-4
PubMed:
25116617

10. 3-D finite-volume model of dam-break flow over uneven beds based on VOF method

Author:
Reza Marsooli; Weiming Wu
Source:
Advances in water resources 2014 v.70 pp. 104-117
ISSN:
0309-1708
Subject:
advection; algorithms; equations; laboratory experimentation; mathematical models; momentum; surface water; turbulent flow; viscosity; water resources
Abstract:
... A 3-D numerical model has been developed to simulate dam-break flow over uneven beds in irregular domains. The model solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) using a finite-volume method based on collocated mesh that fits the solid boundaries such as bed and walls. The velocity and pressure coupling is achieved using the PISO algorithm and the Rhie and Chow’s momentum interpolat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.04.020

11. 3D Simulation of fatty acid methyl ester production in a packed membrane reactor

Author:
Baharak Sajjadi; Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman; Saeid Baroutian; Shaliza Ibrahim; Raja Shazrin Shah Raja Ehsan Shah
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2014 v.118 pp. 7-19
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
algorithms; biodiesel; byproducts; carbon; catalysts; ceramics; equations; fatty acid methyl esters; finite element analysis; liquids; mass transfer; models; porous media; potassium hydroxide; reaction kinetics; temperature; transesterification
Abstract:
... The current work is aimed to simulate the production of high quality fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) production from palm oil in a micro porous ceramic membrane reactor. The TiO2/Al2O3 ceramic membrane was used as the separator and catalytic bed. It was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The investigation of component distribution within the syst ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.07.015

12. 3D Virtual Pome Fruit Tissue Generation Based on Cell Growth Modeling

Author:
Metadel K. Abera; Pieter Verboven; Els Herremans; Thijs Defraeye; Solomon Workneh Fanta; Quang T. Ho; Jan Carmeliet; Bart M. Nicolai
Source:
Food and bioprocess technology 2014 v.7 no.2 pp. 542-555
ISSN:
1935-5130
Subject:
air; algorithms; cell growth; cell walls; cells; controlled atmosphere storage; equations; mechanics; metabolites; models; tomography; topology; turgor
Abstract:
... A 3D virtual fruit tissue generator is presented that can distinctly define the microstructural components of a fruit tissue and that can be used to model important physical processes such as gas transport during controlled atmosphere storage. The model is based on the biomechanics of plant cells in tissues. The main merit of this algorithm is that it can account for typical differences in interce ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11947-013-1127-3

13. 3D controlled-source electromagnetic modeling in anisotropic medium using edge-based finite element method

Author:
Hongzhu Cai; Bin Xiong; Muran Han; Michael Zhdanov
Source:
Computers & geosciences 2014 v.73 pp. 164-176
ISSN:
0098-3004
Subject:
algorithms; anisotropy; computers; electric field; electromagnetic field; equations; finite element analysis; isotropy; mathematical models
Abstract:
... This paper presents a linear edge-based finite element method for numerical modeling of 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data in an anisotropic conductive medium. We use a nonuniform rectangular mesh in order to capture the rapid change of diffusive electromagnetic field within the regions of anomalous conductivity and close to the location of the source. In order to avoid the source singulari ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cageo.2014.09.008

14. 3D hydro-mechanically coupled groundwater flow modelling of Pleistocene glaciation effects

Author:
Wolfram Rühaak; Victor F. Bense; Ingo Sass
Source:
Computers & geosciences 2014 v.67 pp. 89-99
ISSN:
0098-3004
Subject:
basins; case studies; computers; equations; finite element analysis; glaciation; groundwater; groundwater flow; ice; models
Abstract:
... Pleistocene glaciation led to temporal and spatial variations of sub-surface pore fluid pressure. In basins covered by ice sheets, fluid flow and recharge rates are strongly elevated during glaciations as compared to inter-glacial periods. Present-day hydrogeological conditions across formerly glaciated areas are likely to still reflect the impact of glaciations that ended locally more than 10 tho ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cageo.2014.03.001

15. 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Author:
Zili Dai; Yu Huang; Hualin Cheng; Qiang Xu
Source:
Engineering geology 2014 v.180 pp. 21-33
ISSN:
0013-7952
Subject:
deformation; earthquakes; energy; engineering; equations; geometry; hydrodynamics; landscapes; landslides; mathematical models; momentum; prediction; shear stress; soil; topography; viscosity; China
Abstract:
... The extremely strong Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of landslides in Sichuan Province, China. Flow-like landslides, such as the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides were among the most destructive, causing many casualties and serious economic damage. It is therefore important to identify the flow mechanisms and investigate the specific characteristics of these flow-like lands ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.018

16. 3D reconstruction of Chinese hickory tree for dynamics analysis

Author:
Chuanyu Wu; Leiying He; Xiaoqiang Du; Shaozhong Chen; Ke'nan Ni
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2014 v.119 pp. 69-79
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
Carya cathayensis; branches; computer software; equations; finite element analysis; harvesting; leaves; models; nuts; topology; trees; vibration
Abstract:
... Vibratory harvest is the most appropriate and efficient way to harvest Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) nuts because of the hilly growth environment and scattered shooting architecture. To develop a mechanical harvester that can be adapted to different Chinese hickory trees, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the tree should be obtained and its dynamics parameters identified. This paper in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.008

17. 4-Dimensional Modeling Strategy for an Improved Understanding of Miniemulsion NMP of Acrylates Initiated by SG1-Macroinitiator

Author:
Van Steenberge Paul H. M.; D’hooge Dagmar R.; Reyniers Marie-Françoise; Marin Guy B.; Cunningham Michael F.
Source:
Macromolecules 2014 v.47 no.22 pp. 7732-7741
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
acrylates; equations; kinetics; models; nanoemulsions; polymerization
Abstract:
... For the first time, a kinetic model considering four-dimensional Smith–Ewart equations is presented to simultaneously calculate the time evolution of the conversion, number-average chain length, dispersity, end-group functionality (EGF), and short chain branching (SCB) content for the miniemulsion NMP of n-butyl acrylate (nBuA), initiated by poly(nBuA)-(N-tert-butyl-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimet ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma501746r

18. A 4-Stated DICE: Quantitatively Addressing Uncertainty Effects in Climate Change

Author:
Christian P. Traeger
Source:
Environmental and resource economics 2014 v.59 no.1 pp. 1-37
ISSN:
0924-6460
Subject:
carbon cycle; climate change; climate models; dynamic programming; economic development; environmental policy; equations; quantitative analysis; risk; temperature; uncertainty; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... We introduce a version of the DICE-2007 model designed for uncertainty analysis. DICE is a wide-spread deterministic integrated assessment model of climate change. Climate change, long-term economic development, and their interactions are highly uncertain. The quantitative analysis of optimal mitigation policy under uncertainty requires a recursive dynamic programming implementation of integrated ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10640-014-9776-x

19. A multi-method approach to quantify groundwater/surface water-interactions in the semi-arid Hailiutu River basin, northwest China

Author:
Zhi Yang; Yangxiao Zhou; Jochen Wenninger; Stefan Uhlenbrook
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2014 v.22 no.3 pp. 527-541
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
aquifers; ecosystems; electrical conductivity; equations; groundwater; groundwater flow; rain; rivers; runoff; seepage; semiarid zones; subwatersheds; surface water; temperature; water table; China
Abstract:
... Identification and quantification of groundwater and surface-water interactions provide important scientific insights for managing groundwater and surface-water conjunctively. This is especially relevant in semi-arid areas where groundwater is often the main source to feed river discharge and to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems. Multiple field measurements were taken in the semi-arid Bula ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-013-1091-z

20. ARIMA and regression models for prediction of daily and monthly clearness index

Author:
Jamal Hassan
Source:
Renewable energy 2014 v.68 pp. 421-427
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
equations; latitude; longitude; meteorological data; models; prediction; regression analysis; renewable energy sources; sea level; solar radiation; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Hourly and daily measurements of total and diffuse solar radiation and sunshine duration are analyzed. Three-year measurements of the available meteorological data in Mosul (latitude 36° 19′ N, longitude 43° 09′ E and 223 m above mean sea level) are used in this study. The present work involves two parts; in the first one, monthly mean daily and hourly of total and diffuse solar radiation are anal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.016

21. Das AXX′2-Spinsystem: Theoretische Betrachtungen und Beispiele / The AXX′2 Spin System: Theory and Examples

Author:
Hans Dolhaine; Rainer Fuhler; Gerhard Hägele; Wolfgang Kläui
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.50 no.11 pp. 1665-1673
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
chemical compounds; chemical reactions; chemical structure; equations
Abstract:
... Algebraic equations for transition frequencies and intensities are derived for the AXX′₂ spin system. In favourable cases the resonance frequency νA and all coupling parameters JAX, JAX′ and JXX′ can be extracted from the A-part of the AXX′₂ spectrum. Examples of deceptively simple spectra are discussed. ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1995-1113

22. Abamectin Effect on Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)1 Functional Response

Author:
Hernández Agustín; González Aideé; Chacón Julio C.; Landeros Jerónimo; Cerna Ernesto; Flores Mariano; Aguirre Luis A.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Chrysoperla carnea; Heliothis virescens; Spodoptera frugiperda; abamectin; adverse effects; biological control agents; eggs; equations; insecticides; instars; larvae; predation
Abstract:
... The effect of abamectin was evaluated on the functional response of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), at seven egg densities of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using Holling s disc equation. Functional response of green lacewing was Type II, indicating that as p ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0204

23. Abandoned petroleum wells as sustainable sources of geothermal energy

Author:
J.D. Templeton; S.A. Ghoreishi-Madiseh; F. Hassani; M.J. Al-Khawaja
Source:
Energy 2014 v.70 pp. 366-373
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
convection; energy conservation; equations; finite element analysis; geothermal energy; groundwater flow; heat exchangers; heat pumps; insulating materials; mass flow; mathematical models; petroleum; temperature; thermal conductivity; wells; Persian Gulf
Abstract:
... A reliable heat transfer model was developed to determine the performance of a double pipe heat exchanger retrofitted to an abandoned petroleum well. The proposed model is compared against an analytical heat transfer model and two numerical models, in order to determine the reliability and accuracy of the proposed model. Rock mass properties and well dimensions are based on realistic averages, wit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.006

24. Abatement of spinosad and indoxacarb residues in pure water by photocatalytic treatment using binary and ternary oxides of Zn and Ti

Author:
J. Fenoll; N. Vela; I. Garrido; G. Pérez-Lucas; S. Navarro
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research international 2014 v.21 no.21 pp. 12143-12153
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
active ingredients; equations; indoxacarb; irradiation; models; photolysis; semiconductors; spinosad; titanium dioxide; zinc
Abstract:
... The photodegradation of indoxacarb, a broad spectrum foliar insecticide and spinosad, a natural insecticide containing two active ingredients, spinosyn A (major component) and spinosyn D (minor component), was studied in aqueous suspensions of binary (ZnO and TiO₂) and ternary (Zn₂TiO₄ and ZnTiO₃) oxides under artificial light (300–460 nm) irradiation. As expected, the influence of the semiconduct ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-014-2930-8
PubMed:
24788933

25. Der Ablauf komplizierter Photoreaktionen in zähen Medien / The Evolution of Complicated Photoreactions in Viscous Media

Author:
Heinz Mauser
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.34 no.12 pp. 1264-1268
ISSN:
1865-7125
Subject:
equations; isomerization; mathematical models; photochemistry
Abstract:
... The calculation of the photochemical yield of simple reactions in viscous media was discussed earlier in a rather formal way. In this paper the basic equation will be derived in a more convenient way and the numeric results of an application to photoisomerization are given. The main purpose is to demonstrate the possibility to handle even complicated reactions. ...
DOI:
10.1515/znc-1979-1232

26. About the limit of detection in X-ray fluorescence analysis

Author:
V. Ya. Borkhodoev
Source:
Journal of analytical chemistry 2014 v.69 no.11 pp. 1041-1046
ISSN:
1061-9348
Subject:
X-radiation; algorithms; confidence interval; detection limit; equations; fluorescence; normal distribution
Abstract:
... Blank experiment in X-ray fluorescence analysis is actually a measurement of the background at the analytical line of an element to be determined. Numerous factors affecting the appearance and registration of the background signal are responsible for its normal distribution. In this work, the possibility of using real samples with low analyte concentrations as blank samples is substantiated. A cri ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1061934814110021

27. Aboveground and belowground biomass allocation in native Prosopis caldenia Burkart secondaries woodlands in the semi-arid Argentinean pampas

Author:
Lucia Risio; Celia Herrero; Stella M. Bogino; Felipe Bravo
Source:
Biomass and bioenergy 2014 v.66 pp. 249-260
ISSN:
0961-9534
Subject:
Prosopis caldenia; allometry; belowground biomass; branches; burning; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; deforestation; dry matter partitioning; economic incentives; equations; forests; heteroskedasticity; models; roots; shoots; trees; woodlands
Abstract:
... The woodlands in the south-west of the Argentinean pampas are dominated by Prosopis Caldenia Burkart (calden). The current deforestation rate of this woodlands is 0.82% per year. Different compensation initiatives have begun that recognize the role of forests as environmental service providers. The financial incentives they offer make it necessary to quantify the amount of carbon stored in the for ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.038

28. Absence of splash singularities for surface quasi-geostrophic sharp fronts and the Muskat problem

Author:
Francisco Gancedo; Robert M. Strain
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014 v.111 no.2 pp. 635-639
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
equations; interphase; mathematical models; water waves
Abstract:
... In this paper, for both the sharp front surface quasi-geostrophic equation and the Muskat problem, we rule out the “splash singularity” blow-up scenario; in other words, we prove that the contours evolving from either of these systems cannot intersect at a single point while the free boundary remains smooth. Splash singularities have been shown to hold for the free boundary incompressible Euler eq ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1320554111
PubMed:
24347645
PubMed Central:
PMC3896209

29. Absorption coefficient regression scheme for splitting radiative heat sources across phases in gas–particulate mixtures

Author:
Jian Cai; Michael F. Modest
Source:
Powder technology 2014 v.265 pp. 76-82
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
absorption; databases; energy; equations; heat transfer; models; powders; regression analysis; temperature
Abstract:
... In a gas–particle mixture particles of different makes and sizes may have different local temperatures and are, therefore, modeled with separate energy equations. If the important radiative heat transfer contributions are determined with sophisticated spectral models such as k-distributions, spectral information is lost during the reordering process, making it difficult to separate the resulting r ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.026

30. Absorption of SO2 with Ammonia-Based Solution in a Cocurrent Rotating Packed Bed

Author:
Chu Guang-Wen; Luo Yong; Shan Cong-Yun; Zou Hai-Kui; Xiang Yang; Shao Lei; Chen Jian-Feng
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.40 pp. 15731-15737
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
absorbents; absorption; alkalinity; ammonia; desulfurization; engineering; equations; liquids; mass transfer; salt concentration; silicon carbide; solutions; sulfur dioxide
Abstract:
... The emission of SO₂ leads to serious environmental problems, which has attracted increasing attention. In this work, a cocurrent rotating packed bed (CO-RPB) with a novel SiC structured packing was employed as a process intensification candidate to upgrade existing desulfurization systems. The effects of rotating speed, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, SO₂ inlet concentration, total salt concentra ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie502519v

31. Absorptive root area and stem resistivity in whole trees of contrasting structure and size – improvement of methods

Author:
Jan Čermák; Nadezhda Nadezhdina; Valeriy Nadezhdin; Zdeněk Staněk; Jan Koller; Miroslav Trcala; Maria Amato; Petr Kantor
Source:
Plant and soil 2014 v.383 no.1-2 pp. 257-273
ISSN:
0032-079X
Subject:
deformation; root systems; stems; equations; heat; leaf area; sap flow; soil; trees; Picea pungens; water content; Pseudotsuga menziesii; air flow; forests
Abstract:
... AIMS: The study was focused on comparing the results of the three instrumental methods applied simultaneously for root studies in several tree species representing contrasting situations: root systems of different structure and stems of a wide range of diameters (especially when considering their resistivity). We want to learn properties of the methods, make some improvements and test their validi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11104-014-2126-5

32. Accounting for dissociation and photolysis: A review of the algal toxicity of triclosan

Author:
Jayne Roberts; Oliver R. Price; Nicola Bettles; Cecilie Rendal; Roger van Egmond
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2014 v.33 no.11 pp. 2551-2559
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
freshwater; economics; uncertainty; photolysis; compliance; equations; models; bioaccumulation factor; risk assessment; dissociation; toxicity testing; pH; growth retardation; wavelengths; toxicity; anti-infective agents; microalgae
Abstract:
... Triclosan, an antimicrobial agent commonly used in down‐the‐drain consumer products, is toxic to freshwater microalgae. However, the rapid photolysis and pH‐dependent dissociation of this compound may give rise to uncertainty in growth inhibition tests with freshwater microalgae, if these are not well characterized. Methods are presented to minimize these uncertainties by stabilizing pH with an or ...
DOI:
10.1002/etc.2710
PubMed:
25099165

33. Accounting for surface roughness on measurements conducted with PI-SWERL: Evaluation of a subjective visual approach and a photogrammetric technique

Author:
V. Etyemezian; J.A. Gillies; M. Shinoda; G. Nikolich; J. King; A.R. Bardis
Source:
Aeolian research 2014 v.13 pp. 35-50
ISSN:
1875-9637
Subject:
abrasives; blades; dust emissions; equations; friction; grasses; image analysis; photogrammetry; roughness; shear stress; soil; surface roughness; uncertainty; wind erosion
Abstract:
... The effect of small-scale surface roughness on measurements with PI-SWERL (The Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) was investigated using a viscometer-type device. The relationship between shear stress at the soil surface and PI-SWERL rate of rotation (RPM) was determined empirically with test surfaces of varying roughness including fine to coarse sandpaper, small domed structures (H=2.5–2.9 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.002

34. Accounting for unintended binding events in the analysis of quartz crystal microbalance kinetic data

Author:
Gabriella T. Heller; Theodore J. Zwang; Elizabeth A. Sarapata; Michael A. Haber; Matthew H. Sazinsky; Ami E. Radunskaya; Malkiat S. Johal
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2014 v.117 pp. 425-431
ISSN:
0927-7765
Subject:
binding proteins; colloids; equations; models; monitoring; quartz
Abstract:
... Previous methods for analyzing protein–ligand binding events using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) fail to account for unintended binding that inevitably occurs during surface measurements and obscure kinetic information. In this article, we present a system of differential equations that accounts for both reversible and irreversible unintended interactions. Thi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.044

35. Accuracies of genomically estimated breeding values from pure-breed and across-breed predictions in Australian beef cattle

Author:
Vinzent Boerner; David J Johnston; Bruce Tier
Source:
Genetics, selection, evolution 2014 v.46 no.1 pp. 61
ISSN:
0999-193X
Subject:
Angus; Brahman; Hereford; Santa Gertrudis; Shorthorn; beef cattle; body composition; breeding value; carcass characteristics; cattle breeding; crossing; equations; genetic correlation; marker-assisted selection; models; phenotypic correlation; prediction; sires; slaughterhouses; young animals
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The major obstacles for the implementation of genomic selection in Australian beef cattle are the variety of breeds and in general, small numbers of genotyped and phenotyped individuals per breed. The Australian Beef Cooperative Research Center (Beef CRC) investigated these issues by deriving genomic prediction equations (PE) from a training set of animals that covers a range of breeds ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12711-014-0061-9
PubMed:
25927468
PubMed Central:
PMC4207895

36. Accuracy of age estimation methods from orthopantomograph in forensic odontology: A comparative study

Author:
Manisha M. Khorate; A.D. Dinkar; Junaid Ahmed
Source:
Forensic science international 2014 v.234 pp. 184.e1
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
boys; chemical analysis; children; equations; forensic sciences; girls; histology; radiography; tissues
Abstract:
... Changes related to chronological age are seen in both hard and soft tissue. A number of methods for age estimation have been proposed which can be classified in four categories, namely, clinical, radiological, histological and chemical analysis. In forensic odontology, age estimation based on tooth development is universally accepted method. The panoramic radiographs of 500 healthy Goan, Indian ch ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.020

37. Accuracy of aggregate 2- and 3-component models of body composition relative to 4-component for the measurement of changes in fat mass during weight loss in overweight and obese subjects

Author:
Jose Lara; Alexandra M. Johnstone; Jonathan Wells; Susan Jebb; Mario Siervo
Source:
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2014 v.39 no.8 pp. 871-879
ISSN:
1715-5320
Subject:
body water; equations; fasting; men; metabolism; mineral content; models; obesity; very low calorie diet; weight loss; women
Abstract:
... The 4-component (4-C) model is the reference method to measure fat mass (FM). Simpler 2-component (2-C) models are widely used to assess FM. We hypothesised that an aggregate 2-C model may improve accuracy of FM assessment during weight loss (WL). One hundred and six overweight and obese men and women were enrolled in different WL programs (fasting, very low energy diet, low energy diet). Body den ...
DOI:
10.1139/apnm-2013-0424

38. Accuracy of prediction equations for serum osmolarity in frail older people with and without diabetes

Author:
Mario Siervo; Diane Bunn; Carla M Prado; Lee Hooper
Source:
American journal of clinical nutrition 2014 v.100 no.3 pp. 867-876
ISSN:
0002-9165
Subject:
blood glucose; blood serum; body water; clinical nutrition; cognition; cross-sectional studies; diabetes; elderly; electrolytes; equations; freezing point; glucose; osmolality; osmolarity; potassium; prediction; screening; sodium; urea; women; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Background: Serum osmolality is an accurate indicator of hydration status in older adults. Glucose, urea, and electrolyte concentrations are used to calculate serum osmolarity, which is an indirect estimate of serum osmolality, but which serum osmolarity equations best predict serum osmolality in the elderly is unclear.Objective: We assessed the agreement of measured serum osmolality with calculat ...
DOI:
10.3945/ajcn.114.086769
PubMed:
25030781
PubMed Central:
PMC4135495

39. Accuracy of predictive equations for the measurement of resting energy expenditure in older subjects

Author:
M. Siervo; S. Bertoli; A. Battezzati; J.C. Wells; J. Lara; C. Ferraris; A. Tagliabue
Source:
Clinical nutrition 2014 v.33 no.4 pp. 613-619
ISSN:
0261-5614
Subject:
algorithms; body mass index; calorimetry; energy requirements; equations; models; prediction; resting energy expenditure; t-test
Abstract:
... The measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) is important to assess individual total energy requirements in older subjects. The validity of REE prediction equations in this population has not been thoroughly evaluated and therefore the main aim of this analysis was to assess the accuracy of REE prediction equations in older subjects.Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured. RE ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.009

40. An Accurate Classical Simulation of a Two-Dimensional Vibrational Spectrum: OD Stretch Spectrum of a Hydrated HOD Molecule

Author:
Jeon Jonggu; Cho Minhaeng
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2014 v.118 no.28 pp. 8148-8161
ISSN:
1520-5207
Subject:
algorithms; equations; molecular dynamics
Abstract:
... An accurate computational method for the classical simulation of the two-dimensional vibrational spectra is presented. The method refines our previous computational method for the third order vibrational response function in the classical limit, and it enables capturing the diagonal elongation and its waiting time (T) dependence widely observed in experimental two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spec ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp501182d

41. Accurate Ultrasonographic Prediction of Progesterone Concentrations Greater than 1 ng/ml in Holstein lactating dairy cows

Author:
K Kaneko; N Takagi
Source:
Reproduction in domestic animals 2014 v.49 no.6 pp. 985-988
ISSN:
0936-6768
Subject:
Holstein; corpus luteum; dairy cows; equations; lactation; prediction; progesterone; ultrasonography
Abstract:
... To develop an ultrasonographic assay for determining plasma progesterone concentration (P₄) as < 1 ng/ml or ≥ 1 ng/ml, the corpus luteum (CL) area and P₄were measured in 1094 multiparous Holstein cows. The area‐measuring function and frozen images were used to outline and measure CL imaged via ultrasonography, and CL area was estimated as a polygon of a continuation straight line. A significant co ...
DOI:
10.1111/rda.12418

42. Acid hydrolysis of Curcuma longa residue for ethanol and lactic acid fermentation

Author:
Cuong Mai Nguyen; Thanh Ngoc Nguyen; Gyung Ja Choi; Yong Ho Choi; Kyoung Soo Jang; Youn-Je Park; Jin-Cheol Kim
Source:
Bioresource technology 2014 v.151 pp. 227-235
ISSN:
0960-8524
Subject:
Curcuma longa; acid hydrolysis; equations; ethanol; ethanol fermentation; fermenters; furfural; hydroxymethylfurfural; lactic acid; lactic fermentation; sugars; sulfuric acid; wastes
Abstract:
... This research examines the acid hydrolysis of Curcuma longa waste, to obtain the hydrolysate containing lactic acid and ethanol fermentative sugars. A central composite design for describing regression equations of variables was used. The selected optimum condition was 4.91% sulphuric acid, 122.68°C and 50min using the desirability function under the following conditions: the maximum reducing suga ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.039
PubMed:
24240182

43. Acid–Base Properties and Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Complex Formation in Aqueous Solution of Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) Obtained by an Efficient Synthetic Procedure

Author:
Cigala Rosalia Maria; Cordaro Massimiliano; Crea Francesco; De Stefano Concetta; Fracassetti Veronica; Marchesi Marco; Milea Demetrio; Sammartano Silvio
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.23 pp. 9544-9553
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
aqueous solutions; binding capacity; calcium; cations; chelating agents; chemical speciation; equations; glass electrodes; industrial applications; ionic strength; ligands; magnesium; metal ions; potassium; potassium chloride; protons; sodium; sodium chloride; specific ion electrodes; temperature; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMPA) is used in a wide range of industrial applications, mainly because of its binding ability toward several metal cations. Because of difficulties in its synthesis and purification, very little reliable data have been reported in the literature about the coordination chemistry of this ligand in aqueous solution. For these rea ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie500526r

44. Activated Sericite: An Efficient and Effective Natural Clay Material for Attenuation of Cesium from Aquatic Environment

Author:
D. TIWARI; LALHMUNSIAMA; S.I. CHOI; S.M. LEE
Source:
Pedosphere 2014 v.24 no.6 pp. 731-742
ISSN:
1002-0160
Subject:
aquatic environment; cesium; clay; data collection; electrolytes; equations; hydrochloric acid; mica; models; pH; soil erosion; sorption; sorption isotherms; surface area
Abstract:
... Sericite is mica-based natural clay that is annealed at 800 °C for 4 h, followed by acid activation using 3.0 mol L−1 HCl at 100 °C. The interaction of cesium (I), Cs(I), with sericite could provide useful data for the study of soil erosion or mass water movement utilizing the natural radioactive Cs. In this study sericite and activated sericite were used to assess their suitability in the attenua ...
DOI:
10.1016/S1002-0160(14)60060-6

45. Actual evapotranspiration and canopy resistance measurement of the savannah in the Kouilou basin (Congo-Brazzaville)

Author:
J. J. Nizinski; G. Galat; A. Galat-Luong
Source:
Russian journal of ecology 2014 v.45 no.5 pp. 359-366
ISSN:
1067-4136
Subject:
Tristachya; canopy; dry season; ecophysiology; equations; evapotranspiration; field capacity; heat transfer; humidity; savannas; soil water; soil water content; teams; temperature; volatilization; wet season; Republic of the Congo
Abstract:
... The aim of this work is to study the actual evapotranspiration and surface resistance of the savannah using the Bowen-ratio method for two contrasted periods, dry and rainy season. The reliability of this method has been assessed by comparison with the Monteith equation and the soil-water balance method in a 90% Loudetia arundinacea dominated savannah (Pointe Noire, Congo). Our results relate to t ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1067413614050191

46. Adaptation and multiple parameter optimization of the simulation model SALMO as prerequisite for scenario analysis on a shallow eutrophic Lake

Author:
Qiuwen Chen; Chengcheng Zhang; Friedrich Recknagel; Jing Guo; Koen Blanckaert
Source:
Ecological modelling 2014 v.273 pp. 109-116
ISSN:
0304-3800
Subject:
Bacillariophyta; Chlorophyta; Salmo; algae; algorithms; biomass; case studies; climate change; data collection; ecosystems; equations; eutrophication; lakes; mortality; nitrate nitrogen; nutrients; pollution load; sediments; simulation models; water temperature; zooplankton
Abstract:
... SALMO (Simulation by means of an Analytical Lake Model) describes the seasonal dynamics of PO4-P, NO3-N, detritus, chlorophyta, bacillariophyta, cyanophyta and cladocerans of the epilimnion and hypolimnion of stratified lakes by complex ordinary differential equations. This study adapted the model for shallow polymictic lakes and developed a real-coded genetic algorithm to optimize key parameters ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.11.006

47. Adaptive Global Testing for Functional Linear Models

Author:
Jing Lei
Source:
Journal of the American Statistical Association 2014 v.109 no.506 pp. 624-634
ISSN:
1537-274X
Subject:
data analysis; equations; linear models; regression analysis
Abstract:
... This article studies global testing of the slope function in functional linear regression models. A major challenge in functional global testing is to choose the dimension of projection when approximating the functional regression model by a finite dimensional multivariate linear regression model. We develop a new method that simultaneously tests the slope vectors in a sequence of functional princ ...
DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2013.856794

48. Adaptive Multivariate Global Testing

Author:
Giorgos Minas; John A.D. Aston; Nigel Stallard
Source:
Journal of the American Statistical Association 2014 v.109 no.506 pp. 613-623
ISSN:
1537-274X
Subject:
data analysis; electroencephalography; equations; models
Abstract:
... We present a methodology for dealing with recent challenges in testing global hypotheses using multivariate observations. The proposed tests target situations, often arising in emerging applications of neuroimaging, where the sample size n is relatively small compared with the observations’ dimension K . We employ adaptive designs allowing for sequential modifications of the test statistics adapti ...
DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2013.870905
PubMed:
25125767
PubMed Central:
PMC4114150

49. Additive effects of climate and vegetation structure on the altitudinal distribution of greater white-toothed shrews Crocidura russula in a Mediterranean mountain range

Author:
Ignasi Torre; Mario Díaz; Antoni Arrizabalaga
Source:
Acta theriologica 2014 v.59 no.1 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
0001-7051
Subject:
shrews; additive effect; shrubs; equations; microclimate; models; climate change; understory; vegetation; Crocidura; altitude; small mammals; abandoned land; habitats; cold; prediction
Abstract:
... Environmental variation along geographic gradients determines the distribution of animals and plants trough both direct and indirect effects. We analyze the relative contribution of climate and vegetation structure variations along a Mediterranean altitude gradient on the patterns of abundance and occurrence of the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, a generalist small mammal whose dist ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13364-013-0128-y

50. Adiabatic Processes in the Liquid–Vapor Two-Phase Region. 1. Pure Fluids

Author:
Imre Attila R.; Quiñones-Cisneros Sergio E.; Deiters Ulrich K.
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.34 pp. 13529-13542
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
engineering; equations; heat; temperature; vapors
Abstract:
... Adiabatic processes in the liquid–vapor two-phase region were studied with several equations of state. The comparison of the resulting isentropes, particularly their patterns in quality (fraction of vapor phase) vs temperature diagrams, indicates that there are two different classes of fluids: One class shows a simple pattern where isentropes entering the two-phase region never leave it again; the ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie5022688

51. Adsorption Kinetics of Reactive Dyes on Ash from Town Heating Plant

Author:
Dragan Djordjevic; Dragan Stojiljkovic; Miodrag Smelcerovic
Source:
Archives of environmental protection 2014 v.40 no.3 pp. 123-135
ISSN:
2083-4810
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; coal; combustion; equations; heat; models; reactive dyes; textile industry
Abstract:
... In order to investigate the mechanism of adsorption of reactive dyes from the textile industry on ash from heating plant produced by brown coal combustion, some characteristic sorption constants are determined using Langergren adsorption equations for pseudo-fi rst and pseudo-second order. Combined kinetic models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order can provide a simple but satisfactory exp ...
DOI:
10.2478/aep-2014-0024

52. Adsorption Optimization of Lead (II) Using Saccharum Bengalense as a Non-Conventional Low Cost Biosorbent: Isotherm and Thermodynamics Modeling

Author:
Muhammad Imran Din; Zaib Hussain; Muhammad Latif Mirza; Asma Tufail Shah; Muhammad Makshoof Athar
Source:
International journal of phytoremediation 2014 v.16 no.9 pp. 889-908
ISSN:
1549-7879
Subject:
Saccharum; adsorbents; adsorption; aqueous solutions; biomass; biosorbents; energy; enthalpy; entropy; equations; ions; lead; models; pH; phytoremediation; pulp
Abstract:
... In the present study a novel biomass, derived from the pulp of Saccharum bengalense , was used as an adsorbent material for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. After 50 minutes contact time, almost 92% lead removal was possible at pH 6.0 under batch test conditions. The experimental data was analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Timken and Dubinin-Radushkevich two parameters isotherm ...
DOI:
10.1080/15226514.2013.803025

53. Adsorption and Separation of Carbon Dioxide Using MIL-53(Al) Metal-Organic Framework

Author:
Mishra Prashant; Uppara Hari Prasad; Mandal Bishnupada; Gumma Sasidhar
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.51 pp. 19747-19753
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; coordination polymers; engineering; enthalpy; equations; gases; methane; models; nitrogen; normal distribution; sorption isotherms; temperature
Abstract:
... In this work, we report adsorption isotherms of various industrially important gases, viz. CO₂, CO, CH₄, and N₂ on MIL-53(Al) metal organic framework (MOF). The isotherms were measured in the range of 0–25 bar over a wide temperature range (294–350 K). The structural transformation of the adsorbent and the resulting breathing phenomenon were observed only in the case of CO₂ adsorption at 294 and 3 ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie5006146

54. Adsorption and removal of arsenic (V) using crystalline manganese (II,III) oxide: Kinetics, equilibrium, effect of pH and ionic strength

Author:
Kamel Babaeivelni; Amid P. Khodadoust; Dorin Bogdan
Source:
Journal of environmental science and health 2014 v.49 no.13 pp. 1462-1473
ISSN:
1532-4117
Subject:
adsorption; alkalinity; aluminum oxide; arsenic; bicarbonates; environmental health; equations; groundwater; ionic strength; ions; manganese; pH; sorption isotherms; surface area
Abstract:
... Manganese (II,III) oxide (Mn ₃O ₄) crystalline powder was evaluated as a potential sorbent for removal of arsenic (V) from water. Adsorption isotherm experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption capacity using de-ionized (DI) water, a synthetic solution containing bicarbonate alkalinity, and two natual groundwater samples. Adsorption isotherm data followed the Langmuir and Freundlich e ...
DOI:
10.1080/10934529.2014.937160

55. Adsorption isotherms of some alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and surface energies on partially dealuminated Y faujasite zeolite by inverse gas chromatography

Author:
Anett Kondor; András Dallos
Source:
Journal of chromatography 2014 v.1362 pp. 250-261
ISSN:
0021-9673
Subject:
adsorbents; benzene; energy; equations; ethylbenzene; gas chromatography; models; sorption isotherms; statistical analysis; temperature; toluene; xylene; zeolites
Abstract:
... Adsorption isotherm data of some alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene) measured in the temperature range of 423–523K on a partially dealuminated faujasite type DAY F20 zeolite by inverse gas chromatography are presented in this work. The temperature dependent form of Tóth's equation has been fitted to the multiple temperature adsorption isoth ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.047

56. Adsorption of 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon: Salt-Out Effect on Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Dynamics

Author:
Chang Ganggang; Bao Zongbi; Zhang Zhiguo; Xing Huabin; Su Baogen; Yang Yiwen; Ren Qilong
Source:
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.20 pp. 8592-8598
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
activated carbon; adsorption; aqueous solutions; boron; brine solutions; calcium chloride; commercialization; cost effectiveness; equations; kinetics; magnesium chloride; models; process design; saline water; solvents; sorption isotherms; temperature
Abstract:
... In recent decades, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) has been extensively evaluated as an efficient extractant for the recovery of boron from brine solutions commonly present in magnesium chloride. The BEPD leaked into the raffinate must be recovered in order to make the process of solvent extraction cost-efficient. The present study examined the feasibility of a commercialized coal-based act ...
DOI:
10.1021/ie403891r

57. Adsorption of Carboxylate Anions on a CaCO3 Surface

Author:
Johann Plank; Ghada Bassioni
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.62 no.10 pp. 1277-1284
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
adsorption; anions; calcite; calcium carbonate; citrates; endothermy; enthalpy; equations; heat production; pH; temperature; zeta potential
Abstract:
... The adsorption behavior of benzoate, citrate, tartrate and glutamate on calcite dispersed in water was studied. At r. t. and pH = 9, the molar amount of substrate adsorbed decreases with increasing number of carboxylic groups in the molecule. Thus, monofunctional benzoate adsorbs in significantly higher molar amounts than trifunctional citrate. A more alkaline environment (pH = 12.5) has almost no ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-2007-1008

58. Adsorption of Clofibric Acid from Aqueous Solution by Graphene Oxide and the Effect of Environmental Factors

Author:
Ya-Lei Zhang; Yan-Jing Liu; Chao-Meng Dai; Xue-Fei Zhou; Shu-Guang Liu
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2014 v.225 no.8 pp. 2064
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
adsorption; clofibric acid; environmental factors; equations; graphene; humic acids; ionic strength; models; pH; sorption isotherms; wastewater; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were used as adsorbent material for the removal of clofibric acid (CA) which was difficult to be removed from wastewater by traditional wastewater treatment technique. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption equilibrium, and effect of pH, ionic strength, and humic acid (HA) of the adsorption of CA onto the GO nanosheets in aqueous solution were investigated in detail. Adsorp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-014-2064-0

59. Adsorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) from water by novel chelating sponge and the effect of alkali-earth metal ions on the adsorption

Author:
Cheng Cheng; Jinnan Wang; Xin Yang; Aimin Li; Corvini Philippe
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2014 v.264 pp. 332-341
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; adsorption; cadmium; calcium; energy; enthalpy; equations; hydrochloric acid; magnesium; metal ions; nickel; polymerization; polyvinyl alcohol; scanning electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Novel chelating sponge (PVA-M-H) was prepared with polyvinyl alcohol by graft polymerization and nucleophilic substitution. E.A, SEM, FT-IR, 13CNMR, and XPS analyses were used to characterize PVA-M-H. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of PVA-M-H for Ni(II) and Cd(II) were 65.39 and 125.11mgg−1, respectively. Within the range of 278–308K, the adsorption enthalpy changes of Ni(II) and Cd(II) on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.028

60. Adsorption of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions by amino modified nanostructured microfibrillated cellulose

Author:
Sanna Hokkanen; Eveliina Repo; Terhi Suopajärvi; Henrikki Liimatainen; Jouko Niinimaa; Mika Sillanpää
Source:
Cellulose 2014 v.21 no.3 pp. 1471-1487
ISSN:
0969-0239
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorbents; adsorption; aqueous solutions; cadmium; cellulose; copper; equations; ions; models; nickel; pH; sorption isotherms
Abstract:
... The aim of the present study was to investigate the adsorption properties of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) modified microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in aqueous solutions containing Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions. The modified adsorbents were characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM and zeta potential analysis. The adsorption and regeneration studies w ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10570-014-0240-4

61. Adsorption of Orange G dye on nano zirconia: error analysis for achieving the best equilibrium and kinetic modeling

Author:
Deepak Gusain; Sidhdh Nath Upadhyay; Yogesh Chandra Sharma
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.36 pp. 18755-18762
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
adsorption; aqueous solutions; dyes; equations; kinetics; models; nanomaterials; sorption isotherms; zirconium oxide
Abstract:
... Nano zirconia was used for the adsorption of Orange G dye from aqueous solutions. The best fit linear and nonlinear equations for the two adsorption isotherms and kinetic models, namely the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, were compared. The sum of the normalized errors and the coefficient of determination were used to determine ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra00323c

62. Adsorption of Proteins at the Solution/Air Interface Influenced by Added Nonionic Surfactants at Very Low Concentrations for Both Components. 2. Effect of Different Surfactants and Theoretical Model

Author:
Fainerman V. B.; Lotfi M.; Javadi A.; Aksenenko E. V.; Tarasevich Yu. I.; Bastani D.; Miller R.
Source:
Langmuir 2014 v.30 no.43 pp. 12812-12818
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
adsorption; air; alcohols; beta-casein; beta-lactoglobulin; equations; models; nonionic surfactants; phosphine; sorption isotherms; surface tension
Abstract:
... The influence of the addition of the nonionic surfactants dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide (C₁₂DMPO), tetradecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide (C₁₄DMPO), decyl alcohol (C₁₀OH), and C₁₀EO₅ at concentrations between 10–⁵ and 10–¹ mmol/L to solutions of β-casein (BCS) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at a fixed concentration of 10–⁵ mmol/L on the surface tension is studied. It is shown that a significant decreas ...
DOI:
10.1021/la502964y

63. Adsorption of Triphenyl Phosphine Oxide at the Dropping Mercury Electrode in Methanolic Solutions

Author:
S. L. Gupta; L. Holleck
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.27 no.6 pp. 634-636
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
adsorption; aqueous solutions; desorption; electrodes; equations; mercury; methanol; phosphine; silver; silver chloride; solvents; sorption isotherms
Abstract:
... Triphenyl Phosphine Oxide (TPO) which is known as a strong inhibitor of electrode processes in aqueous solutions is progressively adsorbed at the dme from methanol in the potential range -0.5 to -1.3 volts as compared with water, -0.15 to -1.6 volts (Ag/AgCl), for the concentrations studied. Adsorption activity as well as the sharpness of the desorption peak of TPO decrease in the order: water > 5 ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1972-0609

64. Adsorption of arsenic(V) on bone char: batch, column and modeling studies

Author:
Jing Liu; Xi Huang; Juan Liu; Weiqing Wang; Wei Zhang; Faqin Dong
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2014 v.72 no.6 pp. 2081-2090
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
adsorption; aluminum; anions; arsenic; cations; chemical analysis; desorption; diffusivity; effluents; electrostatic interactions; equations; infrared spectroscopy; manganese; mathematical models; sodium hydroxide; sorption isotherms; wastewater
Abstract:
... Bone char has been used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of As(V) from waste water. The batch experiments show that the Langmuir isotherm describes well the adsorption behavior. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The column experiments were conducted at pH = 4 and 10 mg/L an initial concentration of As(V). The breakthrough curves were investigated for variou ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-014-3116-x

65. Adsorption of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride onto stainless steel using the quartz crystal microbalance and the depletion methods: an optimisation study

Author:
Ibrahim E. Salama; Bernard P. Binks; Paul D.I. Fletcher; David I. Horsup
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2014 v.447 pp. 155-165
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
adsorption; aqueous solutions; corrosion; energy; equations; quartz; sorption isotherms; stainless steel
Abstract:
... The adsorption behaviour of benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (C12BDMAC) corrosion inhibitor from aqueous solutions onto a stainless steel surface has been investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique and the depletion-HPLC method. Three different experimental procedures were used to carry out the adsorption measurements using the QCM. The results revealed that the emplo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.034

66. Adsorption of sediment phosphorus by porous ceramic filter media coated with nano-titanium dioxide film

Author:
Yi Zhang; Feng He; Shibin Xia; Lingwei Kong; Dong Xu; Zhenbin Wu
Source:
Ecological engineering 2014 v.64 pp. 186-192
ISSN:
0925-8574
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; aquatic environment; ceramics; coatings; equations; kinetics; lakes; mixing; pH; phosphorus; pollution; sediment transport; sediments; sol-gel processing; temperature
Abstract:
... The porous ceramic filter media (PCFM) was applied to reduce the release of P in lake sediment and we wondered if the nano-TiO2 coating could enhance the P adsorption by PCFM alone in lake sediments. The nano-TiO2 film coated on PCFM in this study was prepared by sol–gel process, and the adsorption properties of sediment P in all fractions by the nano-TiO2 film coated PCFM were investigated throug ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.056

67. Adsorption performance of a MIL-101(Cr)/graphite oxide composite for a series of n-alkanes

Author:
Xuejiao Sun; Yujie Li; Hongxia Xi; Qibin Xia
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.99 pp. 56216-56223
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
activated carbon; activation energy; adsorption; desorption; equations; graphene; octane; pentane; zeolites
Abstract:
... The adsorption performance of the MIL-101@GO composite for a series of linear long chain alkanes (from n-pentane to n-octane) was investigated for the first time. The MIL-101@GO composite based on MIL-101(Cr) and graphite oxide (GO) was prepared, characterized and tested for adsorption and desorption of n-alkanes. Isotherms of a series of n-alkanes on MIL-101@GO were measured. Temperature-programm ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4ra08598a

68. Adsorption properties and biological activity of catanionic mixtures containing derivatives of quaternary lysosomotropic substances

Author:
Monika Rojewska; Anna Olejnik; Joanna Rychlik; Krystyna Prochaska
Source:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2014 v.441 pp. 890-898
ISSN:
0927-7757
Subject:
adsorption; ammonium salts; antineoplastic activity; contact angle; equations; esters; fatty acids; glass; humans; in vitro studies; light scattering; micelles; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; quartz; surface tension; surfactants
Abstract:
... The main aim of the study presented was to determine and characterize the adsorption properties of catanionic mixtures with quaternary derivatives oflysosomotropic substances (QDLS). The surfactants investigated were quaternary ammonium salts belonging to the group of esterquats: fatty acids N,N-dimethylaminoethylesters methobromides (DMM-n), fatty acids N,N-dimethyl-aminopropylesters methobromide ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.01.062

69. Adsorption-Desorption of Myo-Inositol Hexakisphosphate on Hematite

Author:
Yupeng Yan; Biao Wan; Fan Liu; Wenfeng Tan; Mingming Liu; Xionghan Feng
Source:
Soil science 2014 v.179 no.10-11 pp. 476-485
ISSN:
0038-075X
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorption; aquatic environment; bioavailability; citrates; desorption; equations; hematite; molecular weight; myo-inositol; pH; phosphates; potassium chloride; reflectance; soil; zeta potential
Abstract:
... Adsorption, desorption, and precipitation reactions at environmental interfaces impact the bioavailability, mobility, and fate of organic phosphates in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) is the most abundant organic phosphate in soils. The adsorption/desorption characteristics of IHP on/from hematite were studied using batch adsorption and desorption experime ...
DOI:
10.1097/SS.0000000000000091

70. Adsorptive Removal of Malachite Green Dye Using Durian Seed-Based Activated Carbon

Author:
Mohd Azmier Ahmad; Norhidayah Ahmad; Olugbenga Solomon Bello
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2014 v.225 no.8 pp. 2057
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; activated carbon; adsorption; aqueous solutions; durians; equations; malachite green; models; pH; proximate composition; scanning electron microscopes; sorption isotherms; temperature; wastewater
Abstract:
... Chemically prepared activated carbon derived from durian seed (DSAC) was used as adsorbent to adsorb Malachite green (MG) dye. The prepared DSAC was characterized using Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and proximate analysis, respectively. Batch adsorption studies were carried out for the removal of MG dye from aqueous solutions by ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-014-2057-z

71. Adsorptive characteristics of modified talcum powder in removing methylene blue from wastewater

Author:
Liu Wenlei; Zhao Shanlin; Cui Shuang; Zhang Jinhui; Li Ping; Yang Shuangchun
Source:
Chemical speciation and bioavailability 2014 v.26 no.3 pp. 167-175
ISSN:
0954-2299
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; equations; methylene blue; models; nitric acid; pH; talc; temperature; textile mill effluents; wastewater
Abstract:
... Modified talcum powder prepared by physical purification and 50% (w/w) HNO₃ acid activation was characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The modified talcum powder was used for the methylene blue adsorption in wastewater. Adsorption contact time, pH, adsorption temperature, initial mass concentration, and solid content were investigated. ...
DOI:
10.3184/095422914X14047538761323

72. Adsorptive recovery and purification of prodigiosin from methanol/water solutions of Serratia marcescens fermentation broth

Author:
Ruey-Shin Juang; Chun-Lan Yeh
Source:
Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering 2014 v.19 no.1 pp. 159-168
ISSN:
1226-8372
Subject:
Serratia marcescens; adsorption; alum; coagulation; desorption; equations; fermentation; methanol; resins; sorption isotherms
Abstract:
... The use of macroporous polymeric adsorption resins for the recovery and purification of prodigiosin from fermentation broth of Serratia marcescens SMDR was systematically studied, in which the broth was pretreated by coagulation with alum and the resulting precipitate was leached by methanol/water solution. Of the seven resins tested, Diaion HP-20 resin was selected considering the adsorption and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12257-013-0547-2

73. Advanced exergy analysis and exergoeconomic performance evaluation of thermal processes in an existing industrial plant

Author:
Goran D. Vučković; Mirko M. Stojiljković; Mića V. Vukić; Gordana M. Stefanović; Edib M. Dedeić
Source:
Energy conversion and management 2014 v.85 pp. 655-662
ISSN:
0196-8904
Subject:
air; engineering; equations; exergy; heat; rubber; steam
Abstract:
... Exergy analysis and exergoeconomics are often used to evaluate industrial energy systems performance from the thermodynamic and economic points of view. While the classical exergy analysis can be used to recognize the sources of inefficiency and irreversibilities, so called advanced exergy analysis is convenient for identifying real potential for thermodynamic improvements of the system by splitti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.049

74. Advances in membrane emulsification. Part B: recent developments in modelling and scale‐up approaches

Author:
Fotis Spyropoulos; David M. Lloyd; Robin D Hancocks; Aleksandra K Pawlik
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2014 v.94 no.4 pp. 628-638
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
droplet size; emulsifying; emulsions; energy; equations; microstructure; models
Abstract:
... Membrane emulsification is a promising process for formulating emulsions and particulates. It offers many advantages over conventional ‘high‐shear’ processes with narrower size distribution products, higher batch repeatability and lower energy consumption commonly demonstrated at a small scale. Since the process was first introduced around 25 years ago, understanding of the underlying mechanisms i ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.6443
PubMed:
24122852

75. Advances in multiplexed MRM-based protein biomarker quantitation toward clinical utility

Author:
Andrew J. Percy; Andrew G. Chambers; Juncong Yang; Darryl B. Hardie; Christoph H. Borchers
Source:
BBA - Proteins and Proteomics 2014 v.1844 pp. 917-926
ISSN:
1570-9639
Subject:
biomarkers; blood plasma; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; equations; humans; monitoring; nutrigenomics; patients; peptides; proteins; proteomics; quantitative analysis; regression analysis; screening; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Accurate and rapid protein quantitation is essential for screening biomarkers for disease stratification and monitoring, and to validate the hundreds of putative markers in human biofluids, including blood plasma. An analytical method that utilizes stable isotope-labeled standard (SIS) peptides and selected/multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (SRM/MRM-MS) has emerged as a promising tech ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.06.008

76. Adverse influences of drought and temperature extremes on survival of potential tree species for commercial environmental forestry in the dryland areas on the western slopes of New South Wales, Australia

Author:
Huiquan Bi; Jagrutee Parekh; Yun Li; Simon Murphy; Yuancai Lei
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2014 v.197 pp. 188-205
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
Acacia mearnsii; Corymbia maculata; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus cladocalyx; Pinus pinaster; adverse effects; arid lands; climatic factors; clones; drought; dry environmental conditions; equations; hybrids; logit analysis; planting; rain; survival rate; temperature; topographic slope; tree and stand measurements; trees; New South Wales
Abstract:
... In order to search for suitable tree species for commercial environmental forestry over the vast semiarid and drought prone areas across the western slopes of New South Wales, Australia, a large species trial involving nine selected potential species was established at 45 sites over three broad regions in 2000. A year later, the “Millennium Drought”, the longest uninterrupted series of years with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.006

77. Aerodynamics performance of continuously variable speed horizontal axis wind turbine with optimal blades

Author:
Ahmad Sedaghat; M. El Haj Assad; Mohamed Gaith
Source:
Energy 2014 v.77 pp. 752-759
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
aerodynamics; blades; equations; generators (equipment); geometry; models; momentum; wind speed; wind turbines
Abstract:
... For conventional HAWT (horizontal axis wind turbines), the rotor speed is maintained constant while the blade tip speed changes continuously. This reduces considerably the power performance of the wind turbine particularly at high wind speeds where the tip speed ratio is small. With growth of variable speed generators, a compact BEM (blade element momentum) analysis is derived to design optimal bl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2014.09.048

78. The Affinity of Indium(III) for Nitrogen-donor Ligands in Aqueous Solution. A Study of the Complexing of Indium(III) with Polyamines by Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Density Functional Theory, and Crystallography

Author:
James M Harrington; Karen A. Oscarson; S. Bart Jones; Joseph H. Reibenspies; Libero J. Bartolotti; Robert D. Hancock
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.62 no.3 pp. 386-396
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
acetates; ammonia; aqueous solutions; chemical bonding; crystallography; dielectric properties; equations; indium; ligands; metal ions; methodology; perchlorates; polyamines
Abstract:
... The affinity of In(III) for N-donor ligands was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry, DFT calculations, and crystallography. The structure of [In(tpen)(CH₃COO)](ClO₄)₂ ・ 0.5H₂O (1) is reported (tpen = N,N,N´ ,N´-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine): Monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 8.687(4), b = 7.767(8), c = 20.432(10) Å , β = 93.372(8)°, Z = 4, R = 0.0518. The In(III) center is 7-coordinate ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-2007-0312

79. Age prediction formulae from radiographic assessment of skeletal maturation at the knee in an Irish population

Author:
Jean E. O’Connor; Joseph Coyle; Conor Bogue; Liam D. Spence; Jason Last
Source:
Forensic science international 2014 v.234 pp. 188.e1
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
age determination; epiphyses; equations; females; males; prediction; radiography; regression analysis; skeleton
Abstract:
... Age estimation in living subjects is primarily achieved through assessment of a hand–wrist radiograph and comparison with a standard reference atlas. Recently, maturation of other regions of the skeleton has also been assessed in an attempt to refine the age estimates. The current study presents a method to predict bone age directly from the knee in a modern Irish sample. Ten maturity indicators ( ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.032

80. Age-related changes of carbon accumulation and allocation in plants and soil of black locust forest on Loess Plateau in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province of China

Author:
Taijun Li; Guobin Liu
Source:
Chinese geographical science 2014 v.24 no.4 pp. 414-422
ISSN:
1002-0063
Subject:
Robinia pseudoacacia; bark; biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; ecosystems; equations; forage; forest soils; forest types; leaves; long term effects; planning; plant litter; planting; reforestation; shrubs; soil conservation; topsoil; tree mortality; trees; China
Abstract:
... The effects of reforestation on carbon (C) sequestration in China’s Loess Plateau ecosystem have attracted much research attention in recent years. Black locust trees (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) are valued for their important use in reforestation and water and soil conservation efforts. This forest type is widespread across the Loess Plateau, and must be an essential component of any planning for C ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11769-014-0704-3

81. Aging of red wines made from hybrid grape cv. BRS Violeta: Effects of accelerated aging conditions on phenolic composition, color and antioxidant activity

Author:
Ellen Silva Lago-Vanzela; Dielle Pierotti Procópio; Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes; Afonso Mota Ramos; Paulo César Stringheta; Roberto Da-Silva; Noelia Castillo-Muñoz; Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
Source:
Food research international 2014 v.56 pp. 182-189
ISSN:
0963-9969
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; activation energy; anthocyanidins; anthocyanins; antioxidant activity; color; cultivars; equations; grapes; half life; hybrids; red wines; sensory properties; temperature; thermal degradation; wine aging
Abstract:
... Aging is an enological technique usually employed with Vitis vinifera wines for improving and stabilizing wine sensory attributes like red wine color. However, red wines made from non-vinifera grape cultivars are considered not suitable for classic wine aging because they are prone to color loss during processing and storage, mainly due to the major occurrence of non-acylated anthocyanidin 3,5-dig ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.030

82. Agronomic Evaluation of Phosphorus Sources in Lowland Rice Production

Author:
N. K. Fageria; A. B. Santos; R. A. Reis
Source:
Communications in soil science and plant analysis 2014 v.45 no.15 pp. 2067-2091
ISSN:
1532-2416
Subject:
acidity; base saturation; inflorescences; plant growth; superphosphate; cation exchange capacity; diammonium phosphate; calcium; equations; magnesium; aluminum; grain yield; hydrogen; potassium; Inceptisols; straw; phosphorus; triple superphosphate; yield components
Abstract:
... Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting factors in lowland rice production on Brazilian Inceptisol. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight P sources for lowland rice production. The P sources were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated simple superphosphate (PSSP), ammoniated simple superphosphate (ASSP), polymer-coated ammoniated simple superphosphate (PASSP), ...
DOI:
10.1080/00103624.2014.911302

83. Air exchange and ventilation efficiencies of a monospan greenhouse with one inflow and one outflow through longitudinal side openings

Author:
Meir Teitel; Erez Wenger
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2014 v.119 pp. 98-107
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
air; air flow; equations; greenhouses; microclimate; mixing; models; wind speed
Abstract:
... Until about a decade ago, greenhouse microclimates were analysed using a simplified approach assuming a perfectly stirred enclosure. Demands for efficient and sustainable greenhouse operations, stimulated intensive research that focused into the distributed microclimate within greenhouses. Since the distributed microclimate and the air-exchange rate are interconnected the latter is important. Thre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.11.001

84. Air-Drying of Seeds: A Review

Author:
M. A. S. Barrozo; A. Mujumdar; J. T. Freire
Source:
Drying technology 2014 v.32 no.10 pp. 1127-1141
ISSN:
1532-2300
Subject:
air; air drying; dryers; energy; equations; harvesting; mathematical models; seed quality; seeds
Abstract:
... Beginning with harvesting, seeds are usually subjected to a series of processes which include drying for immediate or future use. Seed quality can be influenced by several factors during drying. This article presents a review of the seed air-drying process, including mathematical models based on differential equations derived from mass and energy balances for seeds and air in fixed and moving bed ...
DOI:
10.1080/07373937.2014.915220

85. Airflow patterns around buildings: wind tunnel measurements and direct numerical simulation

Author:
G. K. Ntinas; G. Zhang; V. P. Fragos
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2014 no.1037 pp. 1009-1016
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
air; air flow; buildings; equations; mathematical models; prediction; statistical analysis; structural roofs; turbulent flow; wind; wind tunnels
Abstract:
... Accurate numerical simulations of airflow around buildings is challenging due to the dynamic characteristics of the wind. A time-dependent model has been applied for the prediction of the turbulent airflow around scale model buildings with different roof geometry in a wind tunnel. The model is based on the direct solution of transient Navier-Stokes and continuity equations using the Galerkin finit ...

86. Albumin-normalized serum zinc: a clinically useful parameter for detecting taste impairment in patients undergoing dialysis

Author:
Rie Tsutsumi; Kie Ohashi; Yasuo M. Tsutsumi; Yousuke T. Horikawa; Jyun Minakuchi; Sachi Minami; Nagakatsu Harada; Hiroshi Sakaue; Tohru Sakai; Yutaka Nakaya
Source:
Nutrition research 2014 v.34 no.1 pp. 11-16
ISSN:
0271-5317
Subject:
albumins; blood serum; dialysis; diet; equations; hemodialysis; patients; protein content; protein energy malnutrition; renal failure; saltiness; taste; zinc
Abstract:
... Patients with renal failure often experience decreased serum zinc that remains uncorrected after dialysis. A complication of this depletion is taste impairment, which can detrimentally influence diet and nutrition. However, because more than half of all serum zinc is bound to albumin, we hypothesized that normalizing serum zinc to albumin levels may be associated with taste impairment. A total of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.nutres.2013.10.009

87. Algorithms, games, and evolution

Author:
Erick Chastain; Adi Livnat; Christos Papadimitriou; Umesh Vazirani
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014 v.111 no.29 pp. 10620-10623
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
algorithms; computer science; entropy; equations; games; genes; natural selection; population genetics; students
Abstract:
... Even the most seasoned students of evolution, starting with Darwin himself, have occasionally expressed amazement that the mechanism of natural selection has produced the whole of Life as we see it around us. There is a computational way to articulate the same amazement: “What algorithm could possibly achieve all this in a mere three and a half billion years?” In this paper we propose an answer: W ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1406556111
PubMed:
24979793
PubMed Central:
PMC4115542

88. Alkali treated Foumanat tea waste as an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution

Author:
Azadeh Ebrahimian Pirbazari; Elham Saberikhah; Moslem Badrouh; Mohammad Saeed Emami
Source:
Water resources and industry 2014 v.6 pp. 64-80
ISSN:
2212-3717
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; adsorbents; adsorption; aqueous solutions; biomass; endothermy; equations; ion exchange; mass transfer; methylene blue; nitrogen; reaction kinetics; scanning electron microscopy; sorption isotherms; tea; temperature; wastes
Abstract:
... The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by alkali treated Foumanat tea waste (ATFTW) from agriculture biomass was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nitrogen physisorption. FTIR results showed complexation and ion exchange appear to be the principle mechanism for MB adsorption. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.wri.2014.07.003

89. Alkinylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen, XXXVIII [1]. Komplexe Mangan(II)-Verbindungen des 1.2-Diethinylbenzols / Alkynyl Compounds of Transition Metals, XXXVIII [1]. Complex Manganese(II) Compounds of 1,2-Diethynylbenzene

Author:
Reinhard Nast; Amelia Santos
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.35 no.2 pp. 248-249
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
ammonia; equations; liquids; magnetism; manganese; potassium; sodium
Abstract:
... The high-spin d⁵ complexes M₂Mn(1,2-C₆H₄(C≡C)₂)₂ (M = K, Na) are prepared in liquid ammonia according to equation (1). The magnetic moment and the position of the IR-active υC ≡ C of the potassium salt are discussed with respect to the structure of the solid compounds. ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1980-0226

90. Alkinylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen, XXXXI [1]. Planare Komplexe des Typs trans-[Pd(C≡CC6H4C≡CH)2(Pet3)2] / Alkynyl Compounds of Transition Metals, XXXXI [1]. Planar Complexes of the Type trans-[PdPd(C≡CC6H4C≡CH)2(Pet3)2]

Author:
Reinhard Nast; Axel Beyer
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.35 no.7 pp. 924-925
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
equations; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; stable isotopes; transition elements
Abstract:
... The diamagnetic trans-planar complexes [Pd(C≡CR)₂(Pet₃)₂] (R = 1,2-C₆H₄C≡CH, 1,4-C₆H₄C≡CH; et = C₂H₅) are prepared according to the equation (1). The constitution and the structure of these compounds are demonstrated by their IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectra ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1980-0725

91. All-optical signal processing for linearity enhancement of Mach–Zehnder modulators

Author:
Xiao-Ping Zheng; Guo-Qiang Zhang; Shangyuan Li; Han-Yi Zhang; Bing-Kun Zhou
Source:
Chinese science bulletin 2014 v.59 no.22 pp. 2655-2660
ISSN:
1001-6538
Subject:
equations; microwave radiation; optical equipment
Abstract:
... This paper presents the fundamental principles and recent advances in the field of linearity enhancement of Mach–Zehnder modulators in microwave photonic systems using all-optical signal processing. A review of the fundamentals and applications that implement the linearity improvement is also provided. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11434-014-0442-z

92. Allocation in life cycle inventory: partial set of solutions to an ill-posed problem

Author:
Nathan B. Cruze; Prem K. Goel; Bhavik R. Bakshi
Source:
international journal of life cycle assessment 2014 v.19 no.11 pp. 1854-1865
ISSN:
0948-3349
Subject:
equations; inventories; least squares; life cycle inventory; linear models
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: The primary aim of this paper is to indicate that partitioning allocation methods yields only a small subset of solutions to an ill-posed problem that has potentially infinitely many exact solutions. It will be shown that each of the existing partitioning methods arrives at just one particular solution from among infinitely many solutions of an underdetermined system of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11367-014-0785-3

93. Allocation solutions for secondary material production and end of life recovery: Proposals for product policy initiatives

Author:
K. Allacker; F. Mathieux; S. Manfredi; N. Pelletier; C. De Camillis; F. Ardente; R. Pant
Source:
Resources, Conservation & Recycling 2014 v.88 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0921-3449
Subject:
European Union; ecological footprint; environmental assessment; equations; issues and policy; models
Abstract:
... This paper aims at analysing how secondary materials production and end of life recovery processes are modelled in life cycle-based environmental assessment methods in order to discuss their suitability in product policy-support contexts, with a focus on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) policies. The equations prescribed in three published, widely recognised standards are evaluated. In ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.016

94. Allometric deviations of plasma carotenoids in raptors

Author:
Guillermo Blanco; Luis M. Bautista; Dámaso Hornero‐Méndez; Sergio A. Lambertucci; Guillermo Wiemeyer; José A. Sanchez‐Zapata; Fernando Hiraldo; José A. Donázar; Dan Chamberlain
Source:
Ibis 2014 v.156 no.3 pp. 668-675
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
birds of prey; blood flow; blood volume; captive animals; carotenoids; dietary nutrient sources; equations; Andes region
Abstract:
... Because large species ingest proportionally less food than small ones, it may be predicted that they should incorporate relatively fewer carotenoids to a proportionally equal volume of blood. However, some species may increase their levels of circulating carotenoids by ingesting unusual food. We tested whether the plasma concentration of carotenoids scales to the three‐quarter power of mass in nin ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12155

95. Allometric equations for maximum filtration rate in blue mussels Mytilus edulis and importance of condition index

Author:
Hans Ulrik Riisgård; Poul S. Larsen; Daniel Pleissner
Source:
Helgoland marine research 2014 v.68 no.1 pp. 193-198
ISSN:
1438-387X
Subject:
Mytilus edulis; diet; equations; filtration; laboratory experimentation; mussels
Abstract:
... The relationship between body dry weight (W) and shell length (L) of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, can be expressed by the condition index (CI = W/L ³) which varies from population to population and during the year. Here, we examine the influence of CI on the relationships between maximum filtration rate (F, l h⁻¹), W (g), and L (mm) as described by the equations: F W = aW ᵇ and F L = cL ᵈ , respe ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10152-013-0377-9

96. Allometric equations for urban ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in Oakville, Southern Ontario, Canada

Author:
Paula J. Peper; Claudia P. Alzate; John W. McNeil; Jalil Hashemi
Source:
Urban forestry & urban greening 2014 v.13 no.1 pp. 175-183
ISSN:
1618-8667
Subject:
Fraxinus americana; allometry; climate; data collection; ecosystem services; equations; forest plantations; forests; growth performance; managers; models; planting; soil; tree growth; trees; urban areas; urbanization; Ontario
Abstract:
... Tree growth equations are an important and common tool used to effectively assess the yield and determine management practices in forest plantations. Increasingly, they are being developed for urban forests, providing tools to assist urban forest managers with species selection, placement, and estimation of management costs and ecosystem services. This study describes the development of allometric ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ufug.2013.07.002

97. Allometric models for aboveground biomass estimation of the mangrove Avicennia schaueriana

Author:
Gustavo Calderucio Duque Estrada; Mário Luiz Gomes Soares; Daniel Medina Corrêa Santos; Viviane Fernandez; Paula Maria Moura de Almeida; Marciel Rocha de Medeiros Estevam; Maria Rita Olyntho Machado
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2014 v.734 no.1 pp. 171-185
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
Avicennia; aboveground biomass; branches; carbon; equations; inventories; leaves; linear models; regression analysis; trees; uncertainty; Brazil
Abstract:
... As mangroves become recognized as important carbon storages, the need for reducing the uncertainty of carbon inventories becomes increasingly emphasized. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to develop allometric models to estimate the total aboveground biomass (AGB) and the biomass per compartment of Avicennia schaueriana and to compare them with other models previously published for the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-014-1878-5

98. Allometric scaling of marbofloxacin pharmacokinetics: a retrospective analysis

Author:
S. Yohannes; Md. Akil Hossain; J.Y. Kim; S.J. Lee; D.M. Kwak; J.W. Suh; S.C. Park
Source:
Polish journal of veterinary sciences 2014 v.17 no.1 pp. 99-103
ISSN:
2300-2557
Subject:
allometry; animals; body weight; equations; half life; marbofloxacin; pharmacokinetics; prediction; retrospective studies
Abstract:
... The association between physiologically dependent pharmacokinetic parameters (CLB, T₁/₂ᵦ, Vdₛₛ) of marbofloxacin and body weight was studied in eight animal species based on allometric equation Y = aWᵇ, where ‘Y’ is the pharmacokinetic parameter, ‘W’ is body weight, ‘a’ is allometric coefficient (intercept) and ‘b’ is the exponent that describes relation between pharmacokinetic parameter and body ...
DOI:
10.2478/pjvs-2014-0013

99. Allothermal air–steam gasification of biomass with CO2 (carbon dioxide) sorption: Performance prediction based on a chemical kinetic model

Author:
C.C. Sreejith; Navaneeth Haridasan; C. Muraleedharan; P. Arun
Source:
Energy 2014 v.69 pp. 399-408
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
biomass; calcium oxide; carbon dioxide; equations; gasification; hydrogen; kinetics; lignocellulose; models; prediction; producer gas; reaction kinetics; sorbents; sorption; steam; synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... This paper deals with the technical feasibility of calcium oxide as a sorbent for CO2 (carbon dioxide) in syngas for air–steam gasification of lignocellulosic biomass. The process is simulated through a kinetic approach incorporating rate equations for the component reactions. Using the kinetic simulation data, parametric performance analysis is carried out highlighting the significance of SBR (st ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.031

100. Alternative approach to estimate the hydrolysis rate constant of particulate material from batch data

Author:
Konrad Koch; Jörg E. Drewes
Source:
Applied energy 2014 v.120 pp. 11-15
ISSN:
0306-2619
Subject:
anaerobic digestion; equations; hydrolysis; methane
Abstract:
... As anaerobic batch tests are easy to conduct, they are commonly used to assess the effects of different operational factors on the anaerobic digestion process. Hydrolysis of particulate material is often assumed to be the rate limiting step in anaerobic digestion. Its velocity is often estimated by data fitting from batch tests. In this study, a Monod-type alternative to the commonly used first-or ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.050