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You searched for: Publication Year 2014 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2014 Subject equations Remove constraint Subject: equations
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1. 125I-Radiolabeling, Surface Plasmon Resonance, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation: Three Tools to Compare Protein Adsorption on Surfaces of Different Wettability

Author:
Luan Yafei; Li Dan; Wang Yanwei; Liu Xiaoli; Brash John L.; Chen Hong
Source:
Langmuir 2014 v.30 no.4 pp. 1029-1035
ISSN:
1520-5827
Subject:
adsorption; biocompatibility; biocompatible materials; equations; fibrinogen; gold; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; models; quartz crystal microbalance; radiolabeling; surface plasmon resonance; wettability
Abstract:
... The extent of protein adsorption is an important consideration in the biocompatibility of biomaterials. Various experimental methods can be used to determine the quantity of protein adsorbed, but the results usually differ. In the present work, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to prepare a series of model gold surfaces varying systematically in water wettability, from hydrophilic to hydr ...
DOI:
10.1021/la403498w

2. 1DTempPro: Analyzing Temperature Profiles for Groundwater/Surface‐water Exchange

Author:
Emily B. Voytek; Anja Drenkelfuss; Frederick D. Day‐Lewis; Richard Healy; John W. Lane Jr.; Dale Werkema
Source:
Ground water 2014 v.52 no.2 pp. 298-302
ISSN:
0017-467X
Subject:
equations; heat; hydraulic conductivity; models; saturated flow; surveys; temperature profiles; user interface; United States
Abstract:
... A new computer program, 1DTempPro, is presented for the analysis of vertical one‐dimensional (1D) temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions. 1DTempPro is a graphical user interface to the U.S. Geological Survey code Variably Saturated 2‐Dimensional Heat Transport (VS2DH), which numerically solves the flow and heat‐transport equations. Pre‐ and postprocessor features allow the user to ca ...
DOI:
10.1111/gwat.12051
PubMed:
23550960

3. 2-D Modeling of thermo-kinetics coupled with heat and mass transfer in the reduction zone of a fixed bed downdraft biomass gasifier

Author:
Mohamed Ali Masmoudi; Melik Sahraoui; Najla Grioui; Kamel Halouani
Source:
Renewable energy 2014 v.66 pp. 288-298
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
biochar; biomass; energy; equations; gasification; heat; mass transfer; models; momentum; reaction kinetics; renewable energy sources; synthesis gas; temperature
Abstract:
... A two dimensional modeling is developed in the reduction zone of a fixed bed downdraft biomass gasifier based on mass, energy and momentum conservation equations written for the solid and fluid phases and coupled with chemical kinetics. Kinetics parameters are derived from previous works and an effectiveness factor was used in the reaction rate correlation to quantify the mass transfer resistance ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.016

4. The 2013 Arvid Wretlind lecture: Evolving concepts in parenteral nutrition

Author:
Mette M. Berger
Source:
Clinical nutrition 2014 v.33 no.4 pp. 563-570
ISSN:
0261-5614
Subject:
adverse effects; bags; emulsions; energy; enteral feeding; equations; fatty liver; glutamine; hyperglycemia; inflammation; lipids; malnutrition; mortality; overfeeding; patients; sepsis (infection); total parenteral nutrition; Australia; Belgium; Israel; United States
Abstract:
... Fifty years after the clinical introduction of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) the Arvid Wretlind lecture is an opportunity to critically analyse the evolution and changes that have marked its development and clinical use. The standard crystalline amino acid solutions, while devoid of side effects, remain incomplete regarding their composition (e.g. glutamine). Lipid emulsions have evolved tremen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.005

5. A 24-Hour Time-Energy Budget for Wintering American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) and its Comparison to Allometric Estimations

Author:
Jones Orrin E.; Williams Christopher K.; Castelli Paul M.
Source:
Waterbirds 2014 v.37 no.3 pp. 264-273
ISSN:
1524-4695
Subject:
African Americans; Anas; allometry; carrying capacity; ducks; equations; managers; metabolism; resting metabolic rate
Abstract:
... Previous efforts to estimate the daily energy expenditure of American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) have relied upon diurnal behavior observations or predictive allometric equations. American Black Duck behavior was quantified during morning crepuscular, diurnal, evening crepuscular and nocturnal periods to create a 24-hr time-energy budget. Behaviors and energy expenditure differed between periods ...
DOI:
10.1675/063.037.0305

6. 24-gauge ultrafine cryoprobe with diameter of 550μm and its cooling performance

Author:
Junnosuke Okajima; Atsuki Komiya; Shigenao Maruyama
Source:
Cryobiology 2014 v.69 no.3 pp. 411-418
ISSN:
0011-2240
Subject:
cooling; cryosurgery; equations; freezing; heat transfer; heat transfer coefficient; hydrocolloids; stainless steel; surface temperature
Abstract:
... This paper describes the development of a novel cryoprobe with the same size as a 24-gauge injection needle and the evaluation of its cooling performance. This ultrafine cryoprobe was designed to reduce the invasiveness and extend application areas of cryosurgery. The ultrafine cryoprobe has a double-tube structure and consists of two stainless steel microtubes. The outer diameter of the cryoprobe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.09.104

7. 2D numerical modeling of grain-sorting processes and grain size distributions

Author:
Yi Xiao; Hong Wang; Xuejun Shao
Source:
Journal of hydro-environment research 2014 v.8 no.4 pp. 452-458
ISSN:
1570-6443
Subject:
equations; evolution; particle size distribution; sediment transport; sediments; simulation models
Abstract:
... A depth-averaged finite difference two-dimensional hydrodynamic-morphological and sediment transport model is presented in the orthogonal curvilinear grid system. The sediment submodel considers the influence of selective sorting by modifying the sediment transport capacity and incorporates a simple simulation method to describe changes in the grain size distribution of the bed surface by solving ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jher.2013.08.002

8. A 2D weakly-coupled and efficient numerical model for transient shallow flow and movable bed

Author:
C. Juez; J. Murillo; P. García-Navarro
Source:
Advances in water resources 2014 v.71 pp. 93-109
ISSN:
0309-1708
Subject:
bedload; case studies; equations; mathematical models; prediction; sediments; space and time; water resources
Abstract:
... Recent advances in the simulation of free surface flows over mobile bed have shown that accurate and stable results in realistic problems can be provided if an appropriate coupling between the shallow water equations (SWE) and the Exner equation is performed. This coupling can be done if using a suitable Jacobian matrix. As a result, faithful numerical predictions are available for a wide range of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.05.014

9. 2′-O-methyl nucleotide modified DNA substrates influence the cleavage efficiencies of BamHI and BglII

Author:
Zhaoxue Tong; Bin Zhao; Guojie Zhao; Hong Shang; Yifu Guan
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.4 pp. 621-630
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
DNA; enzyme activity; equations; nucleotides; sugars; synthetic biology
Abstract:
... Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage is an essential event that links the initiating stimuli to the final effects of cells. The cleavage efficiency and thus the final yield could be affected by many factors, including structures of DNA substrates, composite structures of enzymes–substrates or enzymes–nucleic analogs and so on. However, it is not clear whether a nucleotide derivative-substitut ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-014-9466-4
PubMed:
25116617

10. 3-D finite-volume model of dam-break flow over uneven beds based on VOF method

Author:
Reza Marsooli; Weiming Wu
Source:
Advances in water resources 2014 v.70 pp. 104-117
ISSN:
0309-1708
Subject:
advection; algorithms; equations; laboratory experimentation; mathematical models; momentum; surface water; turbulent flow; viscosity; water resources
Abstract:
... A 3-D numerical model has been developed to simulate dam-break flow over uneven beds in irregular domains. The model solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) using a finite-volume method based on collocated mesh that fits the solid boundaries such as bed and walls. The velocity and pressure coupling is achieved using the PISO algorithm and the Rhie and Chow’s momentum interpolat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.04.020

11. 3D Simulation of fatty acid methyl ester production in a packed membrane reactor

Author:
Baharak Sajjadi; Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman; Saeid Baroutian; Shaliza Ibrahim; Raja Shazrin Shah Raja Ehsan Shah
Source:
Fuel processing technology 2014 v.118 pp. 7-19
ISSN:
0378-3820
Subject:
algorithms; biodiesel; byproducts; carbon; catalysts; ceramics; equations; fatty acid methyl esters; finite element analysis; liquids; mass transfer; models; porous media; potassium hydroxide; reaction kinetics; temperature; transesterification
Abstract:
... The current work is aimed to simulate the production of high quality fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) production from palm oil in a micro porous ceramic membrane reactor. The TiO2/Al2O3 ceramic membrane was used as the separator and catalytic bed. It was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The investigation of component distribution within the syst ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.07.015

12. 3D Virtual Pome Fruit Tissue Generation Based on Cell Growth Modeling

Author:
Metadel K. Abera; Pieter Verboven; Els Herremans; Thijs Defraeye; Solomon Workneh Fanta; Quang T. Ho; Jan Carmeliet; Bart M. Nicolai
Source:
Food and bioprocess technology 2014 v.7 no.2 pp. 542-555
ISSN:
1935-5130
Subject:
air; algorithms; cell growth; cell walls; cells; controlled atmosphere storage; equations; mechanics; metabolites; models; tomography; topology; turgor
Abstract:
... A 3D virtual fruit tissue generator is presented that can distinctly define the microstructural components of a fruit tissue and that can be used to model important physical processes such as gas transport during controlled atmosphere storage. The model is based on the biomechanics of plant cells in tissues. The main merit of this algorithm is that it can account for typical differences in interce ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11947-013-1127-3

13. 3D controlled-source electromagnetic modeling in anisotropic medium using edge-based finite element method

Author:
Hongzhu Cai; Bin Xiong; Muran Han; Michael Zhdanov
Source:
Computers & geosciences 2014 v.73 pp. 164-176
ISSN:
0098-3004
Subject:
algorithms; anisotropy; computers; electric field; electromagnetic field; equations; finite element analysis; isotropy; mathematical models
Abstract:
... This paper presents a linear edge-based finite element method for numerical modeling of 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data in an anisotropic conductive medium. We use a nonuniform rectangular mesh in order to capture the rapid change of diffusive electromagnetic field within the regions of anomalous conductivity and close to the location of the source. In order to avoid the source singulari ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cageo.2014.09.008

14. 3D hydro-mechanically coupled groundwater flow modelling of Pleistocene glaciation effects

Author:
Wolfram Rühaak; Victor F. Bense; Ingo Sass
Source:
Computers & geosciences 2014 v.67 pp. 89-99
ISSN:
0098-3004
Subject:
basins; case studies; computers; equations; finite element analysis; glaciation; groundwater; groundwater flow; ice; models
Abstract:
... Pleistocene glaciation led to temporal and spatial variations of sub-surface pore fluid pressure. In basins covered by ice sheets, fluid flow and recharge rates are strongly elevated during glaciations as compared to inter-glacial periods. Present-day hydrogeological conditions across formerly glaciated areas are likely to still reflect the impact of glaciations that ended locally more than 10 tho ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cageo.2014.03.001

15. 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Author:
Zili Dai; Yu Huang; Hualin Cheng; Qiang Xu
Source:
Engineering geology 2014 v.180 pp. 21-33
ISSN:
0013-7952
Subject:
deformation; earthquakes; energy; engineering; equations; geometry; hydrodynamics; landscapes; landslides; mathematical models; momentum; prediction; shear stress; soil; topography; viscosity; China
Abstract:
... The extremely strong Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of landslides in Sichuan Province, China. Flow-like landslides, such as the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides were among the most destructive, causing many casualties and serious economic damage. It is therefore important to identify the flow mechanisms and investigate the specific characteristics of these flow-like lands ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.018

16. 3D reconstruction of Chinese hickory tree for dynamics analysis

Author:
Chuanyu Wu; Leiying He; Xiaoqiang Du; Shaozhong Chen; Ke'nan Ni
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2014 v.119 pp. 69-79
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
Carya cathayensis; branches; computer software; equations; finite element analysis; harvesting; leaves; models; nuts; topology; trees; vibration
Abstract:
... Vibratory harvest is the most appropriate and efficient way to harvest Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) nuts because of the hilly growth environment and scattered shooting architecture. To develop a mechanical harvester that can be adapted to different Chinese hickory trees, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the tree should be obtained and its dynamics parameters identified. This paper in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.008

17. 4-Dimensional Modeling Strategy for an Improved Understanding of Miniemulsion NMP of Acrylates Initiated by SG1-Macroinitiator

Author:
Van Steenberge Paul H. M.; D’hooge Dagmar R.; Reyniers Marie-Françoise; Marin Guy B.; Cunningham Michael F.
Source:
Macromolecules 2014 v.47 no.22 pp. 7732-7741
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
acrylates; equations; kinetics; models; nanoemulsions; polymerization
Abstract:
... For the first time, a kinetic model considering four-dimensional Smith–Ewart equations is presented to simultaneously calculate the time evolution of the conversion, number-average chain length, dispersity, end-group functionality (EGF), and short chain branching (SCB) content for the miniemulsion NMP of n-butyl acrylate (nBuA), initiated by poly(nBuA)-(N-tert-butyl-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimet ...
DOI:
10.1021/ma501746r

18. A 4-Stated DICE: Quantitatively Addressing Uncertainty Effects in Climate Change

Author:
Christian P. Traeger
Source:
Environmental and resource economics 2014 v.59 no.1 pp. 1-37
ISSN:
0924-6460
Subject:
carbon cycle; climate change; climate models; dynamic programming; economic development; environmental policy; equations; quantitative analysis; risk; temperature; uncertainty; uncertainty analysis
Abstract:
... We introduce a version of the DICE-2007 model designed for uncertainty analysis. DICE is a wide-spread deterministic integrated assessment model of climate change. Climate change, long-term economic development, and their interactions are highly uncertain. The quantitative analysis of optimal mitigation policy under uncertainty requires a recursive dynamic programming implementation of integrated ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10640-014-9776-x

19. A multi-method approach to quantify groundwater/surface water-interactions in the semi-arid Hailiutu River basin, northwest China

Author:
Zhi Yang; Yangxiao Zhou; Jochen Wenninger; Stefan Uhlenbrook
Source:
Hydrogeology journal 2014 v.22 no.3 pp. 527-541
ISSN:
1431-2174
Subject:
aquifers; ecosystems; electrical conductivity; equations; groundwater; groundwater flow; rain; rivers; runoff; seepage; semiarid zones; subwatersheds; surface water; temperature; water table; China
Abstract:
... Identification and quantification of groundwater and surface-water interactions provide important scientific insights for managing groundwater and surface-water conjunctively. This is especially relevant in semi-arid areas where groundwater is often the main source to feed river discharge and to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems. Multiple field measurements were taken in the semi-arid Bula ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10040-013-1091-z

20. ARIMA and regression models for prediction of daily and monthly clearness index

Author:
Jamal Hassan
Source:
Renewable energy 2014 v.68 pp. 421-427
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
equations; latitude; longitude; meteorological data; models; prediction; regression analysis; renewable energy sources; sea level; solar radiation; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Hourly and daily measurements of total and diffuse solar radiation and sunshine duration are analyzed. Three-year measurements of the available meteorological data in Mosul (latitude 36° 19′ N, longitude 43° 09′ E and 223 m above mean sea level) are used in this study. The present work involves two parts; in the first one, monthly mean daily and hourly of total and diffuse solar radiation are anal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.016