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You searched for: Publication Year 2013 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2013 Source 2013 v.67 no.5 Remove constraint Source: 2013 v.67 no.5
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1. Adenosine Monophosphate Affects Competence Development and Plasmid DNA Transformation in Escherichia coli

Author:
Yan Zhang; Wenhua Li; Liming Wang; Ping Shen; Zhixiong Xie
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 550-556
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Haemophilus; adenosine monophosphate; calcium chloride; genes; genetic engineering; influenza; molecular biology; plasmids
Abstract:
... Artificial plasmid DNA transformation of Escherichia coli induced by calcium chloride is a routine technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering processes, but its mechanism has remained elusive. Because adenosine monophosphate (AMP) has been found to regulate natural transformation in Haemophilus influenza, we aimed to investigate the effects of AMP and its derivatives on E. coli transfo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0400-z
PubMed:
23743599

2. Behavioral type–environment correlations in the field: a study of three-spined stickleback

Author:
Simon Pearish; Lauren Hostert; Alison M. Bell
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 765-774
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
fish; microhabitats; phenotypic plasticity; rivers
Abstract:
... Behavioral type–environment correlations occur when specific behavioral types of individuals are more common in certain environments. Behavioral type–environment correlations can be generated by several different mechanisms that are probably very common such as niche construction and phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, behavioral type–environment correlations have important ecological and evolutionar ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1500-2

3. Biorefinery in a pulp mill: simultaneous production of cellulosic fibers from Eucalyptus globulus by soda-anthraquinone cooking and surface-active agents

Author:
Marion Sanglard; Christine Chirat; Bevan Jarman; Dominique Lachenal
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 481-488
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Eucalyptus globulus; biorefining; carbohydrates; cellulosic fibers; cooking; fatty alcohols; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; lignin; oxygen pulping; pulp; temperature; wood chips
Abstract:
... Industrial Eucalyptus globulus wood chips were submitted to different autohydrolysis conditions followed by kraft cooking and soda-anthraquinone cooking. The autohydrolyzed wood chips were much easier to delignify than the control wood chips. Soda-anthraquinone cooking could be performed at a cooking temperature that was 20°C lower than that for the kraft cooking on control wood chips. Furthermore ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0178

4. Brood-care experience, nursing performance, and neural development in the ant Pheidole dentata

Author:
Mario L. Muscedere; Anisa Djermoun; James F. A. Traniello
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 775-784
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Pheidole; adults; brain; dopamine; neurodevelopment; ontogeny; serotonin; social insects
Abstract:
... Social insect workers mature behaviorally and physiologically with increasing age, generally transitioning from or adding new tasks to their existing repertoire of within-nest nursing tasks. As adult minor workers of the ant Pheidole dentata age, they attend to brood more frequently and nurse more efficiently, perform a broader array of tasks, and undergo myological and neural development. Because ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1501-1

5. Characterization of the pore structure of nanoporous activated carbons produced from wood waste

Author:
Galina Dobele; Darya Vervikishko; Aleksandrs Volperts; Nikolay Bogdanovich; Evgeny Shkolnikov
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 587-594
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Alnus rhombifolia; Betula pendula; activated carbon; catalysts; electrodes; evaporation; nanopores; phosphoric acid; sodium hydroxide
Abstract:
... Highly developed nanoporous carbon materials have been prepared by a two-stage thermocatalytic process. In the first step, alder (Alnus rhombifolia) and birchwood (Betula pendula) were carbonized with and without a dehydration catalyst (H₃PO₄); in the second step, the material was activated by means of NaOH. The dependence of the porous structure of activated carbons from process parameters was ch ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0188

6. Chemistry and kraft pulping of seven hybrid aspen clones. Dimension measurements on the vessels and UMSP of the cell walls

Author:
Inese Sable; Uldis Grinfelds; Martins Zeps; Ilze Irbe; Guna Noldt; Aris Jansons; Arnis Treimanis; Gerald Koch
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 505-510
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Populus tremula; Populus tremuloides; cell walls; cellulose; chemical composition; clones; cooking; cutting; hybrids; kraft pulping; lignin; micropropagation; phenotype; plus trees; pulp; Latvia
Abstract:
... Micropropagated hybrid aspen clones (Populus tremuloides Michx.×Populus tremula L.) and a plus-tree (superior phenotypes selected) aspen (Populus tremula L.) were grown under similar conditions in the central part of Latvia. After cutting at the age of 12 years, 64 sample trees were examined. The dimensions of the vessels and the content of cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash were determined. T ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0184

7. Colony take-over and brood survival in temporary social parasites of the ant genus Formica

Author:
Anton Chernenko; Marta Vidal-Garcia; Heikki Helanterä; Liselotte Sundström
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 727-735
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Formica fusca; eggs; hosts; males; parasites; progeny; pupation; risk; social parasitism
Abstract:
... Parasites reduce host fitness, and so instigate counter adaptations by their hosts. In temporary social parasitism, usurpers must not only enter the colony unharmed, but also have their eggs reared by the host workers. We introduced parasitic Formica lugubris and Formica aquilonia queens into queen right and orphaned fragments of three host species, Formica cinerea, Formica picea and Formica fusca ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1496-7

8. Communal nesting in an ‘asocial’ mammal: social thermoregulation among spatially dispersed kin

Author:
Cory T. Williams; Jamieson C. Gorrell; Jeffrey E. Lane; Andrew G. McAdam; Murray M. Humphries; Stan Boutin
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 757-763
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus; females; heat production; kin selection; lactation; nesting; nests; population structure; social behavior; spring; squirrels; thermoregulation; winter
Abstract:
... Communal nesting can help defray the high cost of endothermic heat production in cold environments, but such social behavior is generally thought to be incompatible with the persistent defense of exclusive territories in typically ‘asocial’ animals. We examined the propensity for communal nesting in female red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), which maintain individual year-round territories, t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1499-4

9. A Comparison of Effects of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics and Biosurfactants on Established Bacterial Biofilms

Author:
Gerry A. Quinn; Aaron P. Maloy; Malik M. Banat; Ibrahim M. Banat
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 614-623
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Staphylococcus aureus; ampicillin; bacteria; biofilm; biomass; biosurfactants; microbial growth; microbial physiology
Abstract:
... Current antibiofilm solutions based on planktonic bacterial physiology have limited efficacy in clinical and occasionally environmental settings. This has prompted a search for suitable alternatives to conventional therapies. This study compares the inhibitory properties of two biological surfactants (rhamnolipids and a plant-derived surfactant) against a selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics (a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0412-8
PubMed:
23783562

10. Contribution of xylan to the brightness development and stability in the final ECF bleaching of eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) kraft pulp

Author:
Pedro E.G. Loureiro; Joana I.T. Sousa; M. Graça. V.S. Carvalho; Dmitry V. Evtuguin
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 497-503
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Eucalyptus globulus; Raman spectroscopy; bleaching; gel chromatography; hydrogen peroxide; kraft pulp; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; xylan; xylanases
Abstract:
... Xylans isolated from eucalypt kraft pulps have been characterized by modern analytical methods. The pulps were partially bleached (DEOPD) and fully bleached with either a final ClO₂ (DEOPDD) or an alkaline H₂O₂ (DEOPDP) bleaching stage. Alternatively, xylan isolated from the DEOPD pulp was treated with ClO₂ or with H₂O₂ under the same conditions as pulps in a final bleaching stage and were further ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0185

11. Determination of the diffusion of monovalent cations into wood under isothermal conditions based on LiCl impregnation of Norway spruce

Author:
Reddysuresh Kolavali; Hans Theliander
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 559-565
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Picea abies; cations; diffusivity; lithium chloride; mass transfer; nitric acid; pulping; spectroscopy; temperature; wood; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... The impregnation of wood pieces in the course of pulping can be divided into primary (advective mass transport) and secondary (diffusive mass transport) penetration. Little is known about the latter partly because of the difficulties in the determination of the relevant diffusivities for this system. In the present article, a precise experimental methodology has been developed to measure the conce ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0182

12. Dissecting the mechanisms underlying old male mating advantage in a butterfly

Author:
Isabell Karl; Stéphanie Heuskin; Klaus Fischer
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 837-849
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Bicyclus anynana; butterflies; flight; males; pheromone blends; sex pheromones
Abstract:
... Selection is expected to maximize an individual’s own genetic reward regardless of the potential fitness consequences for its sexual partners, which may cause sexual conflict. Although performance in holometabolous insects typically diminishes with age, old male mating advantage has been documented in a few species. Whether this pattern arises from female preference for older males based on, e.g., ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1507-8

13. Distribution of Allelic Variants of the Chromosomal Gene bla OXA₋₁₁₄₋ₗᵢₖₑ in Achromobacter xylosoxidans Clinical Isolates

Author:
German Matías Traglia; Marisa Almuzara; Andrea Karina Merkier; Mariana Papalia; Laura Galanternik; Marcela Radice; Carlos Vay; Daniela Centrón; María Soledad Ramírez
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 596-600
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Achromobacter xylosoxidans; alleles; cystic fibrosis; patients
Abstract:
... Achromobacter xylosoxidans is increasingly being documented in cystic fibrosis patients. The bla OXA₋₁₁₄ gene has been recognized as a naturally occurring chromosomal gene, exhibiting different allelic variants. In the population under study, the bla OXA₋₁₁₄₋ₗᵢₖₑ gene was found in 19/19 non-epidemiological-related clinical isolates of A. xylosoxidans with ten different alleles including 1 novel OX ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0407-5

14. Distribution of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana in Rice Ecosystems and Its Effect on Soil Enzymes

Author:
Yong Jia; Jia-Yu Zhou; Jia-Xi He; Wei Du; Yuan-Qing Bu; Chang-Hong Liu; Chuan-Chao Dai
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 631-636
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Beauveria bassiana; conidia; ecosystems; entomopathogenic fungi; enzyme activity; host plants; leaves; paddy soils; pest control; rice; roots; seeds; soil ecology; soil enzymes; stems
Abstract:
... Fungal entomopathogens, especially Beauveria bassiana, are often studied within the context of their use in biological pest control; however, there is limited knowledge of their distributions in host plants and soil ecosystem. We examined the distribution of B. bassiana and its influence on rice plants and paddy soils. B. bassiana could only be detected on the foliar surfaces of rice plants within ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0414-6
PubMed:
23794015

15. Diverse Deep-Sea Fungi from the South China Sea and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Author:
Xiao-Yong Zhang; Yun Zhang; Xin-Ya Xu; Shu-Hua Qi
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 525-530
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Acremonium; Ajellomyces; Aspergillus; Aureobasidium; Cladosporium; Micrococcus luteus; Penicillium; Torula; Xylaria; antibacterial properties; antibiotics; antifungal properties; bacteria; fungal communities; fungi; internal transcribed spacers; screening; sediments; South China Sea
Abstract:
... We investigated the diversity of fungal communities in nine different deep-sea sediment samples of the South China Sea by culture-dependent methods followed by analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Although 14 out of 27 identified species were reported in a previous study, 13 species were isolated from sediments of deep-sea environments for the first report. Moreover, the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0394-6
PubMed:
23736224

16. Diversity of Gene Cassette Promoter Variants of Class 1 Integrons in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Author:
Quhao Wei; Xiaofei Jiang; Min Li; Gang Li; Qingfeng Hu; Huoxiang Lu; Guoqiang Chen; Yonglie Zhou; Yuan Lu
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 543-549
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
amikacin; antibiotic resistance; bacteria; chloramphenicol; genes; phenotype; tobramycin; trimethoprim; uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Abstract:
... Class 1 integrons play important roles in the emergence and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. The gene cassette promoter variants Pc or Pc-P2 of class 1 integrons not only drive the transcription of downstream gene cassettes, they also correlate with the excision and integration efficiency of the capture exogenous gene cassettes. In this study, the diversity of Pc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0399-1
PubMed:
23743598

17. Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 and Enterococcus faecium CECT 4515 in adult healthy dogs

Author:
Gemma González-Ortiz; Lorena Castillejos; Juan José Mallo; Mª Àngels Calvo-Torras; Mª Dolores Baucells
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 406-415
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Beagle; Clostridium; Enterococcus faecium; adults; dietary supplements; digestibility; dogs; feces; females; finishing; males; pH; plate count; probiotics
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a probiotic preparation consisting of two probiotic strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 and Enterococcus faecium CECT 4515 (each 5 · 10⁸ CFU/g feed), on faecal consistency, faecal microbiology and nutrient digestibility in adult healthy dogs. Sixteen beagles (eight males and eight females) were divided into two groups: the Control group ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.830517
PubMed:
23952642

18. Effects of inclusion level on nutrient digestibility and energy content of wheat middlings and soya bean meal for growing pigs

Author:
Qiang Huang; Xiangshu Piao; Ling Liu; Defa Li
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 356-367
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
bean meal; carbohydrates; corn; diet; digestibility; digestible energy; energy; energy content; equations; ingredients; metabolizable energy; middlings; nutrients; organic matter; soybean meal; swine
Abstract:
... Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inclusion level of wheat middlings and soya bean meal on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and chemical components of these ingredients in growing pigs. Furthermore, the effects of the inclusion level on their contents of digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) were also determined by the difference method. I ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.837233
PubMed:
24070389

19. Elaboration of multilayered thin films based on cellulose nanocrystals and cationic xylans: application to xylanase activity detection

Author:
Abir Dammak; Céline Moreau; Nadège Beury; Katrin Schwikal; Heiko T. Winter; Estelle Bonnin; Bodo Saake; Bernard Cathala
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 579-586
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
atomic force microscopy; cellulose; color; colorimetry; enzymatic hydrolysis; nanocrystals; reducing sugars; screening; silicon; xylanases
Abstract:
... Multilayered thin films have been prepared by means of the “spin-assisted electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly” method, in which cellulose nanocrystals (CN) and cationic xylans (CX) are alternatively deposited up to 10 times on a rotating silicon wafer. The film growth process was studied and the thickness increment was found to be equal to 23 nm per bilayer. This value is relatively high in ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0176

20. Evolution of mating systems and sexual size dimorphism in North American cyprinids

Author:
M. Pyron; T. E. Pitcher; S. J. Jacquemin
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 747-756
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Cyprinidae; body size; dimorphism; females; fish; males; mating systems; models; phylogeny; spawning; sperm competition; testes
Abstract:
... Mating systems evolve with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in many animals. Mating systems with males larger than females occur when males compete for female access or guard territories, while mating systems with group mating tend to occur in species where females are the same size or larger than males. In addition to variation in SSD with mating system, sperm competition varies among mating systems ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1498-5

21. Functional Analysis of the EspR Binding Sites Upstream of espR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author:
Guangxiang Cao; Susan T. Howard; Peipei Zhang; Guihua Hou; Xiuhua Pang
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 572-579
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; binding sites; genes; intergenic DNA; mutants; nucleotide sequences; oligonucleotides; pathogenesis; point mutation; proteins; secretion; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... The ESX-1 secretion system exports substrate proteins into host cells and is crucial for the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EspR is one of the characterized transcriptional regulators that modulates the ESX-1 system by binding the conserved EspR binding sites in the promoter of espA, the encoding gene of EspA, which is also a substrate protein of the ESX-1 system and is required for t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0404-8
PubMed:
23743602

22. Gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor, give lower-frequency aggressive calls in more escalated contests

Author:
Michael S. Reichert; H. Carl Gerhardt
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 795-804
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Hyla versicolor; amphibians; animal communication; females; males; motivation
Abstract:
... As animal contests escalate, variation in the performance of aggressive signaling behaviors can give important insights into contest dynamics. In anuran amphibians, males of numerous species utilize distinctive aggressive vocalizations during disputes over calling spaces. Little is known, however, about the causes and consequences of variation in aggressive-call characteristics. We analyzed record ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1503-z

23. Habitat selection increases the isolating effect of habitat fragmentation on the gopher tortoise

Author:
Earl D. McCoy; Katherine A. Basiotis; Kevin M. Connor; Henry R. Mushinsky
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 815-821
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Gopherus polyphemus; avoidance behavior; canopy; habitat fragmentation; habitats; landscapes; monitoring; tortoises; trees; weeds; Florida
Abstract:
... Habitat selection requires choice, which differentiates it from habitat use, and choice, in turn, is dependent upon the responses of organisms to the environmental, social, and other cues that they perceive. Habitat selection by the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) was investigated by translocating tortoises and monitoring their movements within two sites in central Florida. The first site su ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1505-x

24. The Helicobacter pylori Protein CagM is Located in the Transmembrane Channel That is Required for CagA Translocation

Author:
Feng Ling; Xiaochun Wang; DongFang Dai; Min Yu; Cheng Chen; Jingyi Qian; Chang Liu; Yuanyuan Zhang; Jie Ding; Xian Wei Guan; Shihe Shao
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 531-536
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Agrobacterium radiobacter; Helicobacter pylori; bacteria; cell fractionation; fimbriae; gastritis; genes; mutants; pathogenicity islands; polyclonal antibodies; proteins; rabbits; secretion; signal peptide; virulence
Abstract:
... Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human gastric pathogen that colonizes the stomach in more than 50 % of the world’s human population. Infection with this bacterium can induce several gastric diseases ranging from gastritis to peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Virulent H. pylori isolates harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI), which encodes a Type IV Secretion System (T4SS), form a pil ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0402-x
PubMed:
23736225

25. Hunted hunters? Effect of group size on predation risk and growth in the Australian subsocial crab spider Diaea ergandros

Author:
Bianca Unglaub; Jasmin Ruch; Marie E. Herberstein; Jutta M. Schneider
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 785-794
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Araneae; Diptera; feeding behavior; foods; group effect; group size; mortality; nests; predation; predators; risk; surveys
Abstract:
... A reduced predation risk is considered to be a major adaptive advantage of sociality. While most studies are concerned with non-predatory prey species, group-living predators are likely to face similar threats from higher-order predators. We studied the relationship between group size and predation risk in the subsocial crab spider Diaea ergandros by testing predictions from theoretical models inc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1502-0

26. Identification of Household Bacterial Community and Analysis of Species Shared with Human Microbiome

Author:
Yoon-Seong Jeon; Jongsik Chun; Bong-Soo Kim
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 557-563
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Bacteroides vulgatus; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteobacteria; Staphylococcus epidermidis; bacteria; bacterial communities; digestive system; food safety; food storage; foodborne illness; humans; ingestion; intestinal microorganisms; kitchens; pathogens; public health; refrigerators; vegetables
Abstract:
... Microbial populations in indoor environments, where we live and eat, are important for public health. Various bacterial species reside in the kitchen, and refrigerators, the major means of food storage within kitchens, can be a direct source of food borne illness. Therefore, the monitoring of microbiota in the refrigerator is important for food safety. We investigated and compared bacterial commun ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0401-y
PubMed:
23743600
PubMed Central:
PMC3790245

27. Identification of microRNA-Size, Small RNAs in Escherichia coli

Author:
Sung-Min Kang; Ji-Woong Choi; Youngkyun Lee; Su-Hyung Hong; Heon-Jin Lee
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 609-613
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Northern blotting; bacteria; bioinformatics; eukaryotic cells; fractionation; gene expression; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; microRNA
Abstract:
... Noncoding small regulatory RNA molecules control gene expression and microRNAs provide one of the best examples in eukaryotes. However, bacterial RNAs of comparable size to eukaryotic microRNAs have received little attention. Here, we demonstrate the existence of microRNA-size, small RNAs (msRNAs) in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We examined the small RNAs in E. coli using a deep sequencin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0411-9
PubMed:
23783561

28. In situ degradability and selected ruminal constituents of sheep fed with peanut forage hay

Author:
Gisele Machado Fernandes; Rosana Aparecida Possenti; Waldssimiler Teixeira de Mattos; Eliana Aparecida Schammass; Evaldo Ferrari Junior
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 393-405
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
Arachis pintoi; acetates; butyrates; crude protein; digestibility; dry matter intake; grass hay; pH; peanuts; propionic acid; sheep; volatile fatty acids; weight gain
Abstract:
... Because legumes are a very important feed source for ruminants, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal inclusion level of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in sheep diets by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia–nitrogen concentration, ruminal pH and the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). In the experiment with fo ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.834581
PubMed:
24016145

29. Incubation of selected fermentable fibres with feline faecal inoculum: correlations between in vitro fermentation characteristics and end products

Author:
Kristel Rochus; Guido Bosch; Lynn Vanhaecke; Hannelore Van de Velde; Sarah Depauw; Jia Xu; Veerle Fievez; Tom Van de Wiele; Wouter Hendrikus Hendriks; Geert Paul Jules Janssens; Myriam Hesta
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 416-431
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
Citrus; acetic acid; butyric acid; cats; correlation; fermentation; fructans; guar gum; inoculum; pectins; propionic acid; protein sources; soluble fiber; valeric acid
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate correlations between fermentation characteristics and end products of selected fermentable fibres (three types of fructans, citrus pectin, guar gum), incubated with faecal inocula from donor cats fed two diets, differing in fibre and protein sources and concentrations. Cumulative gas production was measured over 72 h, fermentation end products were analysed at 4, 8, 12 ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.830519
PubMed:
23952674

30. Is there a different response to winds during migration between soaring and flapping raptors? An example with the Montagu’s harrier and the lesser kestrel

Author:
Ruben Limiñana; Marta Romero; Ugo Mellone; Vicente Urios
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 823-835
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Circus; Falco naumanni; adults; birds of prey; breeding; flight; migratory behavior; spring; telemetry; wind
Abstract:
... During migrations, birds have to cope with varying meteorological conditions, which shape their migratory routes and affect their performance. Amongst these, wind is the main meteorological agent influencing behaviour of birds in their migration journeys. Here we analyze the effect of winds during migrations of adult individuals of two raptor species tracked with satellite telemetry, the Montagu’s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1506-9

31. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of lignin and lignin model compounds in Raman spectroscopy

Author:
Anni Lähdetie; Paula Nousiainen; Jussi Sipilä; Tarja Tamminen; Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 531-538
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; fluorescence; lignin; models; pulp; spectral analysis; wavelengths; wood
Abstract:
... Raman spectroscopy is a technique that provides structural information on lignin and other components of wood and pulp in situ. However, especially lignin-containing samples may produce laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) that overlaps with Raman bands. In the worst case, this background signal can overwhelm the weaker Raman signal completely. In this study, the LIF of lignin was investigated with th ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0177

32. Modification of hemicelluloses with polycarboxylic acids

Author:
Juris Zoldners; Tatiana Kiseleva
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 567-571
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Alnus incana; air; butanes; catalysts; cellulose; chitosan; citric acid; cross-linking reagents; crosslinking; drying; esterification; hemicellulose; maleic acid; polymers; potassium hydroxide; reaction kinetics; relative humidity; sawdust; sodium; sorption; starch; temperature; water solubility; water vapor; wood
Abstract:
... Polycarboxylic acids (PCAs) aroused interest as crosslinking agents for natural polymers, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and hemicelluloses (HC), for improving their water resistance and imparting them new properties. Here, PCAs were studied for the crosslinking of HC films. HCs were isolated from gray alder (Alnus incana L.) wood as a water-soluble fraction by sawdust extraction with 7% pot ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0183

33. Multi-year lactation and its consequences in Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii)

Author:
Maria A. van Noordwijk; Erik P. Willems; Sri Suci Utami Atmoko; Christopher W. Kuzawa; Carel P. van Schaik
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 805-814
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Pongo pygmaeus; conception; energy intake; females; food availability; foods; infant development; late lactation; mammals; milk; milk consumption; mothers; nutrient content; progeny; suckling; weaning
Abstract:
... In most mammals, females pay for reproduction by dramatically increasing net energy intake from conception to mid- or late lactation. To do this, they time their reproductive events in relation to environmental cycles so that periods of peak food availability coincide with peak demand or are used to build energy stores. This timing is not possible in species with slow development in which lactatio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1504-y

34. Nano-nutrition of chicken embryos. The effect of silver nanoparticles and ATP on expression of chosen genes involved in myogenesis

Author:
Filip Sawosz; Lane Pineda; Anna Hotowy; Sławomir Jaworski; Marta Prasek; Ewa Sawosz; André Chwalibog
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 347-355
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
adenosine triphosphate; adenosinetriphosphatase; breast meat; breast muscle; cell differentiation; cell proliferation; chickens; embryogenesis; fibroblast growth factor 2; gene expression; genes; growth promotion; muscle development; myocytes; nanosilver; nutrients; potassium; sodium; vascular endothelial growth factors
Abstract:
... It has been suggested that the quantity and quality of nutrients stored in the egg might not be optimal for the fast rate of chicken embryo development in modern broilers, and embryos could be supplemented with nutrients by in ovo injection. Recent experiments showed that in ovo feeding reduces post-hatch mortality and skeletal disorders and increases muscle growth and breast meat yield. Adenosine ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.830520
PubMed:
23952606

35. Optimization of sulfuric acid-assisted glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse

Author:
Carlos Martín; Jürgen Puls; Andreas Schreiber; Bodo Saake
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 523-530
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
cellulose; enzymatic hydrolysis; experimental design; glycerol; hydrolysis; lignin; models; solubilization; sugarcane bagasse; sulfuric acid; synergism; temperature; xylan; xylose
Abstract:
... A combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with glycerol and sulfuric acid was investigated based on a central composite rotatable experimental design. The following factors were varied: temperature (150–199°C), time (0.69–2.3 h), H₂SO₄ concentration (0.0–1.1%), and glycerol concentration (55.4–79.6%). Xylans and lignin were considerably solubilized during pretreatment. Xylan solubilization, ran ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0179

36. Parent-absent signalling of need and its consequences for sibling competition in the barn swallow

Author:
Andrea Romano; Giuseppe Boncoraglio; Diego Rubolini; Nicola Saino
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 851-859
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Hirundo rustica; acoustics; food deprivation; food intake; foods; parents; progeny; satiety; siblings
Abstract:
... In species with parental care, competition among siblings for access to limited parental resources is common. Sibling competition can be mediated by begging behaviour, a suite of different visual and acoustic displays by which offspring solicit parental care. These are mostly addressed to the parents upon food provisioning, but can also be performed in the absence of the attending parents. This so ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1508-7

37. Polyoxometalate (POM)-aided modification of lignin from wheat straw biorefinery

Author:
Tatiana Dizhbite; Lilija Jashina; Galina Dobele; Anna Andersone; Dmitry Evtuguin; Oskar Bikovens; Galina Telysheva
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 539-547
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
adsorbents; biorefining; byproducts; cadmium; chemical analysis; chromatography; ethanol; heavy metals; hydrogen peroxide; lead; lignin; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidation; oxygen; pentoses; pulp; sorption; stable isotopes; wheat straw; France
Abstract:
... The oxidative modification of Biolignin (BL) has been investigated to make it more suitable as an adsorbent for transition/heavy metals. BL is a by-product of a wheat straw organosolv process for the production of pulp, ethanol, and pentoses (CIMV S.A. pilot plant, Levallois Perret, France). It was subjected to oxidation by a polyoxometalate (POM) H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀], aiming at the increment of oxygen-co ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0193

38. Pyrosequencing Analysis of Oral Microbiota in Children with Severe Early Childhood Dental Caries

Author:
Wen Jiang; Jie Zhang; Hui Chen
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 537-542
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Actinomyces; Granulicatella; Streptococcus; bacteria; bacterial communities; childhood; dental caries; genes; preschool children; quality control; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Severe early childhood caries are a prevalent public health problem among preschool children throughout the world. However, little is known about the microbiota found in association with severe early childhood caries. Our study aimed to explore the bacterial microbiota of dental plaques to study the etiology of severe early childhood caries through pyrosequencing analysis based on 16S rRNA gene V1 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0393-7
PubMed:
23743597

39. Response of Heat-Shock Protein (HSP) Genes to Temperature and Salinity Stress in the Antarctic Psychrotrophic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. G

Author:
Shuai Che; Weizhi Song; Xuezheng Lin
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 601-608
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Psychrobacter; genes; heat shock proteins; psychrotrophic bacteria; salinity; salt stress; temperature
Abstract:
... Temperature and salinity fluctuations are two of the most important factors affecting the growth of polar bacteria. In an attempt to better understand the function of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the adaptive mechanisms of the Antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. G to such conditions, genes Hsp845, Hsp2538, Hsp2666, and Hsp2667 were cloned on the basis of the draft genome. The exp ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0409-3
PubMed:
23783560

40. Risk vs. reward: how predators and prey respond to aging olfactory cues

Author:
Jenna P. Bytheway; Alexandra J. R. Carthey; Peter B. Banks
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 715-725
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Rattus; odors; predators; rats; risk; smell; temporal variation
Abstract:
... Many animals use olfaction to find food and avoid predators, and must negotiate environments containing odors of varying compositions, strengths, and ages to distinguish useful cues from background noise. Temporal variation in odor cues (i.e., “freshness”) seems an obvious way that animals could distinguish cues, yet there is little experimental evidence for this phenomenon. Fresh cues provide a m ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1494-9

41. Root Colonization and Phytostimulation by Phytohormones Producing Entophytic Nostoc sp. AH-12

Author:
Anwar Hussain; Muhammad Hamayun; Syed Tariq Shah
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 624-630
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Nostoc; chlorophyll; crops; culture media; cytokinins; homologous recombination; hosts; indole acetic acid; mutants; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; pH; plant growth; rice; roots; shoots; temperature; wheat; zeatin
Abstract:
... Nostoc, a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, has great potential to make symbiotic associations with a wide range of plants and benefit its hosts with nitrogen in the form of nitrates. It may also use phytohormones as a tool to promote plant growth. Phytohormones [cytokinin (Ck) and IAA] were determined in the culture of an endophytic Nostoc isolated from rice roots. The strain was able to accumulate ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0408-4
PubMed:
23794014

42. Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Author:
Bernt O. Myrvold
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 549-557
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
anions; cations; lignosulfonates; phosphates; screening; solubility; sulfates
Abstract:
... The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and vari ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0163

43. Screening of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae LuxS Inhibitors

Author:
Lu Li; Lili Sun; Yunfeng Song; Xinjuan Wu; Xuan Zhou; Ziduo Liu; Rui Zhou
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 564-571
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
screening; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; cytotoxicity; quorum sensing; Streptococcus suis; pathogens; microbial growth; computer software; anti-infective agents; enzyme activity; homocysteine; swine
Abstract:
... LuxS, a conserved bacterial enzyme involved in the activated methyl cycle, catalyzes S-ribosylhomocysteine (SRH) into homocysteine and AI-2 (the inter-species quorum-sensing signal molecule). This enzyme has been reported to be essential for the survival of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in its natural host. Therefore, it is a potential drug target against A. pleuropneumoniae, an important swine ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0403-9
PubMed:
23743601

44. Serological Cross-Reaction Between O-Antigens of Shigella dysenteriae Type 4 and an Environmental Escherichia albertii Isolate

Author:
Mohammed Ziaur Rahman; Selina Akter; Nafisa Azmuda; Munawar Sultana; François-Xavier Weill; Sirajul Islam Khan; Patrick A. D. Grimont; Nils-Kåre Birkeland
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 590-595
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Escherichia albertii; Shigella dysenteriae; Western blotting; antiserum; cross reaction; gels; genes; lipopolysaccharides; phylogeny; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; shigellosis
Abstract:
... An environmental freshwater bacterial isolate, DM104, appearing as Shigella-like colonies on selective agar plates was found to show strong and specific serological cross-reactivity with Shigella dysenteriae type 4. Biochemical identification according to the analytical profile index, molecular serotyping by restriction of the amplified O-antigen gene cluster (rfb-RFLP), together with phylogenetic ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0405-7
PubMed:
23748967

45. Sorption properties of hydrothermally modified wood and data evaluation based on the concept of Hansen solubility parameter (HSP)

Author:
Jelena Chirkova; Ingeborga Andersone; Juris Grinins; Bruno Andersons
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 595-600
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Betula; chemical structure; cohesion; energy; equations; ethanol; hydrogen bonding; hydrophobicity; lignin; methanol; polysaccharides; solubility; sorbates; sorption; sorption isotherms; vapors; wood
Abstract:
... The effect of the hydrothermal modification (HTM) of the deciduous woods birch and aspen on their sorption behavior has been investigated by the vapor sorption method. An analysis of the experimental results was carried out based on the concept of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), which takes into account the contribution of different forces – dispersion forces, dipole action, and hydrogen bondi ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0186

46. Studies on potential effects of fumaric acid on rumen microbial fermentation, methane production and microbial community

Author:
Susanne Riede; Jeannette Boguhn; Gerhard Breves
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 368-380
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
Archaea; acetates; ammonium nitrogen; bacteria; climate change; crude protein; fermentation; fumaric acid; grass silage; greenhouse gases; hydrogen; methane; methane production; microbial communities; nutrients; pH; propionic acid; protein synthesis; rumen; rumen microorganisms; short chain fatty acids; single-stranded conformational polymorphism
Abstract:
... The greenhouse gas methane (CH₄) contributes substantially to global climate change. As a potential approach to decrease ruminal methanogenesis, the effects of different dosages of fumaric acid (FA) on ruminal microbial metabolism and on the microbial community (archaea, bacteria) were studied using a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). FA acts as alternative hydrogen acceptor diverting 2H from ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.830518
PubMed:
23971537

47. Sublethal High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment Reveals the Importance of Genes Coding Cytoskeletal Protein in Escherichia Coli Morphogenesis

Author:
Atsumu Abe; Soichi Furukawa; Yuya Migita; Motoharu Tanaka; Hirokazu Ogihara; Yasushi Morinaga
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 515-521
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
Escherichia coli; cell division; cell growth; cell walls; cytoskeletal proteins; cytoskeleton; genes; morphogenesis; mutants; pressure treatment
Abstract:
... We studied morphologic changes after sublethal high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HPT) of Escherichia coli K-12 strains in which genes related to the cytoskeleton, cell wall, and cell division had been deleted. Some long filamentous and swelling cells were observed in wild-type bacteria, while some spherical, branched, or collapsed cells were observed in deletion mutants. In particular, ΔzapA an ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0392-8
PubMed:
23708427

48. Tailoring the effect of antibacterial polyelectrolyte multilayers by choice of cellulosic fiber substrate

Author:
Josefin Illergård; Ute Römling; Lars Wågberg; Monica Ek
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 573-578
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; adsorption; antibacterial properties; cellulosic fibers; electrolytes; leaching; polyacrylic acid; silver
Abstract:
... There is a need for new, antibacterial cellulose-based materials. Antibacterial cellulosic fibers with irreversibly attached polyvinylamine (PVAm) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in multilayers were developed based on a water-based physical adsorption process. The antibacterial substance is thus prevented from leaching, in contrast to materials containing, for example, silver. It was shown on fibers fr ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0191

49. Thermomechanical pulping of novel Brazilian Eucalyptus hybrids

Author:
Marcelo Coelho dos Santos Muguet; Kyösti Ruuttunen; Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen; Jorge Luiz Colodette; Tapani Vuorinen
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 489-495
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
Eucalyptus; chemimechanical pulping; energy; energy conservation; hybrids; lignin; mechanical pulp; thermomechanical pulping; wood
Abstract:
... The importance of Eucalyptus wood as a sustainable resource is well established. Mechanical pulp production is an energy-intensive process, and methods for decreasing energy demand are needed. In the present article, the structure of Eucalyptus hybrids and the produced pulps from the hybrids were assessed in terms of energy consumption, technical properties, and fiber morphology. The defibration a ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0158

50. Three-dimensional barricading of a predatory trap reduces predation and enhances prey capture

Author:
Sean J. Blamires; Chueh Hou; Lin-Fei Chen; Chen-Pan Liao; I-Min Tso
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 709-714
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Araneae; moths; predation; predators; silk; webs
Abstract:
... Animal structures come at material, energetic, time, and expression costs. Some orb-web spiders add three-dimensional barrier structures to their webs, but many do not. Predator protection is considered to be the principal benefit of adding these structures. Accordingly, it remains paradoxical why some orb-web spiders might construct the barriers while others do not. Here, we experimentally determ ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1493-x

51. Trichoderma reesei Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 Regulates Fungal Growth, Conidiation, and Cellulase Gene Expression

Author:
Qi Xin; Yajuan Gong; Xinxing Lv; Guanjun Chen; Weifeng Liu
Source:
Current microbiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 580-589
ISSN:
0343-8651
Subject:
lysine; transcriptional activation; histones; morphogenesis; sequence alignment; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; transcription (genetics); environmental factors; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; gene expression; conidiation; acetylation; genes; chromatin; microbial growth; mutants; Trichoderma reesei
Abstract:
... Gcn5 is a well-established histone acetyltransferase involved in chromatin modification by catalyzing the acetylation of specific lysine residues within the N-terminal tails of the core histones. To assess the role of chromatin remodeling in the transcriptional response of cellulolytic Trichoderma reesei to the changes of environmental conditions, we identified the T. reesei ortholog of Saccharomy ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00284-013-0396-4
PubMed:
23748966

52. Using exogenous enzymes to increase the rumen degradability of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles

Author:
Zhixiong He; Shuai Ding; Long Xu; Karen Anne Beauchemin; Wenzhu Yang
Source:
Archives of animal nutrition 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 381-392
ISSN:
1477-2817
Subject:
acid detergent fiber; crude protein; diet; distillers grains; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; enzyme activity; forage; gas production (biological); neutral detergent fiber; pH; proteinases; regression analysis; rumen; ruminants; temperature; wheat; xylanases
Abstract:
... Wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is widely used as a partial replacement for forages or concentrates in ruminant diets. We hypothesised that using exogenous enzymes (ENZ) would increase neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of DDGS. The aims of the study were to (i) evaluate the effects of ENZ and their doses on in vitro gas production (GP) and degradability of wheat DDGS; ...
DOI:
10.1080/1745039X.2013.840415
PubMed:
24070390

53. The benefit of obligate versus facultative strategies in a shrimp–goby mutualism

Author:
Patrick J. Lyons
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 737-745
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Gobiidae; burrows; coevolution; fish; foraging; mutualism; predation; predators; shrimp
Abstract:
... Obligate mutualists are predicted to benefit more from mutualism than facultative mutualists and harbor traits that help derive this extra benefit. I tested these predictions with a shrimp–goby mutualism. Individual shrimp (Alpheus floridanus) construct burrows that are shared with individual gobiid fishes that warn shrimp when emergence from burrows is unsafe. The benefit to gobies is refuge from ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-013-1497-6

54. The role of Donnan effect in kraft cooking liquor impregnation and hot water extraction of wood

Author:
Susanna Kuitunen; Tapani Vuorinen; Ville Alopaeus
Source:
Holzforschung 2013 v.67 no.5 pp. 511-521
ISSN:
1437-434X
Subject:
anions; cations; chemical bonding; cooking; dissociation; hydrogen ions; ion exchange; kinetics; mass transfer; models; reaction kinetics; uronic acids; wood; wood fibers
Abstract:
... In this article, a phenomenological model is proposed for alkali impregnation and hot water extraction of wood. Elementary reaction kinetics, ion exchange (IE) equilibrium, and mass transfer rates are considered in the model. IE is a consequence of the dissociation of the covalently bound uronic acid and phenolic groups in the wood fiber wall (FW). Due to this effect, the molality of cations is hi ...
DOI:
10.1515/hf-2012-0187