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You searched for: Publication Year 2013 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2013 Subject Scotland Remove constraint Subject: Scotland
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1. 21st Century Crofting: Strengths and Opportunities for Community Development

Author:
Bryan J. Hains; Ronald Hustedde; Kristina G. Ricketts
Source:
Journal of agriculture, food systems, and community development 2013 v.3 no.3 pp. 47-60
ISSN:
2152-0801
Subject:
case studies; coasts; community development; farm tenancy; land ownership; land resources; land values; legal rights; markets; people; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Scotland has one of the most uneven land ownership patterns in the world. In a country of 5.2 million people, about 969 people control 60% of the land. Over 20% of privately owned land in Scotland is held in some form of offshore or beneficial ownership (Committee on the Inquiry of Crofting, 2008). This land ownership pattern has a unique expression in the northern and western parts of the Scottis ...
DOI:
10.5304/jafscd.2013.033.002

2. Adaptation at range margins: common garden trials and the performance of Arabidopsis lyrata across its northwestern European range

Author:
Philippine Vergeer; William E. Kunin
Source:
new phytologist 2013 v.197 no.3 pp. 989-1001
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Arabidopsis lyrata; altitude; evolutionary adaptation; gene flow; genetic variation; perennials; phenotype; reproductive performance; Iceland; Northern European region; Scotland; Sweden
Abstract:
... Widely distributed species, such as the perennial plant Arabidopsis lyrata, face a range of environmental conditions across space, creating selective pressures for local evolutionary adaptation. The species' fragmented distribution may reduce gene flow, which could either reduce or increase adaptive potential. The substantial variation in phenotypic traits observed across this species' northwester ...
DOI:
10.1111/nph.12060

3. Among population differentiation at nuclear genes in native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland

Author:
Witold Wachowiak; Glenn R. Iason; Stephen Cavers
Source:
Flora 2013 v.208 no.2 pp. 79-86
ISSN:
0367-2530
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; coasts; environmental factors; forests; genes; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; geographical distribution; highlands; loci; population structure; systems analysis; Atlantic Ocean; Scotland
Abstract:
... In the Scottish Highlands, Scots pine is at the north-western extreme of its wide natural distribution. Here, the remaining native populations are patchily distributed in highly variable environments, from the more continental, drier eastern Highlands to the milder, wetter Atlantic Ocean coast. As these pinewoods are the remnants of a naturally established forest, they form a valuable system for a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.flora.2012.12.009

4. Appinite suites: A record of the role of water in the genesis, transport, emplacement and crystallization of magma

Author:
J. Brendan Murphy
Source:
Earth-science reviews 2013 v.119 no. pp. 35-59
ISSN:
0012-8252
Subject:
andesite; crystallization; genetic relationships; ions; melting; mixing; tectonics; viscosity; Scotland
Abstract:
... The appinite suite of rocks offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of water on the generation, emplacement and crystallization history of mafic to felsic magma. The suite consists of a group of coeval plutonic and/or hypabyssal rocks, ranging from ultramafic to felsic in composition in which hornblende is the dominant mafic mineral, and typically occurs both as large prismatic phenocrysts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.02.002

5. Application of Bayesian Belief Networks to quantify and map areas at risk to soil threats: Using soil compaction as an example

Author:
Mads Troldborg; Inge Aalders; Willie Towers; Paul D. Hallett; Blair M. McKenzie; A. Glyn Bengough; Allan Lilly; Bruce C. Ball; Rupert L. Hough
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2013 v.132 pp. 56-68
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
European Union; adverse effects; climatic factors; crop yield; databases; expert opinion; exposure assessment; farming systems; gas emissions; inventories; land surveying; land use; risk; risk estimate; runoff; soil compaction; soil erosion; soil physical properties; soil productivity; soil quality; soil surveys; soil water; uncertainty; Scotland
Abstract:
... The assessment of areas at risk from various soil threats is a key task within the proposed EU Soil Framework Directive. Such assessment is, however, hampered by the complex nature of the soil threats, which result from the sometimes poorly understood interaction of various soil physical properties, climatic factors and land management practices. Methodologies for risk assessment of soil threats a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2013.05.005

6. Application of the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the regional sustainability of bioenergy developments

Author:
Thomas Kurka
Source:
Energy 2013 v.62 no. pp. 393-402
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
bioenergy; case studies; decision making; energy; experts; Scotland
Abstract:
... This paper presents the application of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method to evaluate bioenergy developments regarding their regional sustainability in a case study area (Tayside and Fife/Scotland). Achieving regional sustainable bioenergy generation is challenging due to the complexity of this sector and the multidimensionality of the sustainability goal. The paper presents a complete an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.053

7. Arsenic Speciation and Localization in Horticultural Produce Grown in a Historically Impacted Mining Region

Author:
Norton Gareth; Deacon Claire; Mestrot Adrien; Feldmann Joerg; Jenkins Paul; Baskaran Christina; Meharg Andrew A.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.12 pp. 6164-6172
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
apples; arsenic; carrots; chard; dust; fruits; horticulture; kale; leaves; lettuce; markets; mass spectrometry; mining; peeling; potatoes; soil; spinach; surveys; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... A field and market basket study (∼1300 samples) of locally grown fruits and vegetables from historically mined regions of southwest (SW) England (Cornwall and Devon), and as reference, a market basket study of similarly locally grown produce from the northeast (NE) of Scotland (Aberdeenshire) was conducted to determine the concentration of total and inorganic arsenic present in produce from these ...
DOI:
10.1021/es400720r

8. Biogenic Amine Content of Tarhana: A Traditional Fermented Food

Author:
Özgül Özdestan; Ali Üren
Source:
International journal of food properties 2013 v.16 no.2 pp. 416-428
ISSN:
1094-2912
Subject:
fermented foods; grain foods; lactic acid; leucine; pH; taste; tyramine; Egypt; Finland; Greece; Hungary; Iraq; Jordan; Scotland; Syria
Abstract:
... Tarhana is a traditional fermented cereal food consumed in nearly all regions of Turkey as a soup having a delicious and desired taste. There are some other products similar to tarhana in Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Hungary, Finland, Greece, and Scotland. Fifteen homemade and 5 commercially produced tarhana samples were analyzed for the first time to determine biogenic amine contents. Tyramine was ...
DOI:
10.1080/10942912.2011.551867

9. Capability and limitations of a simple grid-based model for simulating land use influences on stream nitrate concentrations

Author:
Sarah M. Dunn; Lynne Johnston; Carol Taylor; Helen Watson; Yvonne Cook; Simon J. Langan
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2013 v.507 pp. 110-123
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
agricultural management; agricultural watersheds; climate; crops; forestry; grasslands; hydrology; land use; livestock; monitoring; nitrogen; simulation models; subwatersheds; water quality; Scotland
Abstract:
... Catchment scale nitrogen models are valuable tools for exploring how stream water quality is likely to be influenced by future changes in climate and land use. Many nitrogen modelling systems are highly complex and include too many calibration parameters to be confident in how these would be affected by changes in the catchment structure or meteorological drivers. This paper examines how successfu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.016

10. Causes of mortality and pathological lesions observed post-mortem in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Great Britain

Author:
Victor R Simpson; Judith Hargreaves; Helen M Butler; Nicholas J Davison; David J Everest
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2013 v.9 no.1 pp. 229
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
Anoplura; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Sciurus; Siphonaptera; Staphylococcus aureus; adenoma; animal injuries; bacterial infections; bronchopneumonia; candidiasis; capillariasis; carcinoma; cats; cholecalciferol; chylothorax; death; dermatitis; dogs; ears; etiology; humans; hyperplasia; mortality; poisoning; predation; predators; rodenticides; squirrels; ticks; toxoplasmosis; traffic; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The red squirrel population in Great Britain has declined dramatically in recent decades, principally due to squirrelpox. Concern exists that red squirrels may become extinct nationally and, as there has been limited research in to diseases other than squirrelpox, this study aimed to identify additional causes of mortality. RESULTS: Post-mortem examinations on 163 red squirrels found d ...
DOI:
10.1186/1746-6148-9-229
PubMed:
24238087
PubMed Central:
PMC4225685

11. The Centre for Mountain Studies Contributes to Sustainable Mountain Development at All Scales

Author:
Jayne Glass; Rob McMorran; Martin F. Price
Source:
Mountain research and development 2013 v.33 no.1 pp. 103-107
ISSN:
0276-4741
Subject:
Internet; biodiversity; climate change; foods; forests; highlands; interdisciplinary research; islands; mountains; planning; students; Scotland
Abstract:
... The Centre for Mountain Studies (CMS) is located at Perth College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Scotland. Since its establishment in 2000, staff and students at the CMS have been active in research and knowledge exchange activities at all scales, from the local, in Scotland, to the global. Projects in Scotland have focused mainly on estates, wild land (see below), and forests. Work acr ...
DOI:
10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00131.1

12. Challenges in predicting invasive reservoir hosts of emerging pathogens: mapping Rhododendron ponticum as a foliar host for Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK

Author:
Bethan V. Purse; Philipp Graeser; Kate Searle; Colin Edwards; Catriona Harris
Source:
Biological invasions 2013 v.15 no.3 pp. 529-545
ISSN:
1387-3547
Subject:
Larix kaempferi; Phytophthora ramorum; Rhododendron ponticum; biogeography; climate; disease reservoirs; disease resistance; entropy; habitats; heathlands; hosts; invasive species; landscapes; models; plant pathogens; plantations; prediction; soil water; sporulation; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Invasive species can increase the susceptibility of ecosystems to disease by acting as reservoir hosts for pathogens. Invasive hosts are often sparsely recorded and not in equilibrium, so predicting their spatial distributions and overlap with other hosts is problematic. We applied newly developed methods for modelling the distribution of invasive species to the invasive shrub Rhododendron ponticu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10530-012-0305-y

13. Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys

Author:
Brenda A Mayle; Alice C Broome
Source:
Pest management science 2013 v.69 no.3 pp. 323-333
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Sciurus carolinensis; bark; breeding season; control methods; crops; invasive species; juveniles; private forestry; risk; squirrels; surveys; trees; Canada; England; Ireland; Scotland; United States; Wales
Abstract:
... The grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, was introduced into sites in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland from the United States and Canada between 1876 and 1929. Soon after its introduction there were reports of damage to trees by seasonal bark stripping activity. Surveys in state and private forests since 1954 have monitored their distribution and impacts. Two surveys also gathered infor ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.3458
PubMed:
23417829

14. Changes in trace elements during lactation in a marine top predator, the grey seal

Author:
Sarah Habran; Paddy P. Pomeroy; Cathy Debier; Krishna Das
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2013 v.126 pp. 455-466
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Halichoerus grypus; Phoca vitulina; blood; blubber; energy; lactation; longitudinal studies; milk; mothers; progeny; pups; seals; trace elements; North Sea; Scotland
Abstract:
... Lactation in pinnipeds represents the most significant cost to mothers during the reproductive cycle. Dynamics of trace elements and their mobilization associated with energy reserves during such an intense physiological process remains poorly understood in marine mammals. The changes in tissue concentrations of 11 elements (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were investigated in a lon ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.011
PubMed:
23010392

15. City Blueprints: Baseline Assessments of Sustainable Water Management in 11 Cities of the Future

Author:
C. J. van Leeuwen
Source:
Water resources management 2013 v.27 no.15 pp. 5191-5206
ISSN:
0920-4741
Subject:
Emilia; cities; climate change; correlation; governance; gross domestic product; hydrologic cycle; pollution; population growth; water management; Angola; Scotland; Tanzania
Abstract:
... The necessity of Urban Water Cycle Services (UWCS) adapting to future stresses calls for changes that take sustainability into account. Megatrends (e.g. population growth, water scarcity, pollution and climate change) pose urgent water challenges in cities. In a previous paper, a set of indicators, i.e., the City Blueprint has been developed to assess the sustainability of UWCS (Van Leeuwen et al. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11269-013-0462-5

16. Climate change impacts and adaptation scope for agriculture indicated by agro-meteorological metrics

Author:
M. Rivington; K.B. Matthews; K. Buchan; D.G. Miller; G. Bellocchi; G. Russell
Source:
Agricultural systems 2013 v.114 pp. 15-31
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
agricultural management; climate; climate change; climate models; ecosystem services; environmental factors; environmental sustainability; food security; greenhouse gas emissions; growing season; land use; rain; seasonal variation; soil water; Scotland
Abstract:
... Agro-meteorological metrics are indicators of weather determined environmental conditions on which agricultural management decisions are made. Metrics derived from an estimated future climate provide an opportunity to characterise the impacts of climate change on a wide range of agricultural systems, land use practices and ecosystem services. Such indications are vital for determining how changes ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2012.08.003

17. A Conceptual Framework for the Evaluation of Fuel-Cell Energy Systems in the Uk Built Environment

Author:
Mohamed Abdel-Wahab; Dallia Ali
Source:
International journal of green energy 2013 v.10 no.2 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
1543-5083
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; buildings; energy efficiency; environmental impact; experts; fuel cells; guidelines; hydrogen; industry; renewable energy sources; wind; Scotland
Abstract:
... Energy-efficient buildings can reduce human impact on the environment. Energy efficiency is not only concerned with generating more energy using fewer resources, nor reducing energy usage, but also it is about harnessing natural resources, such as wind and sun, to produce energy. The UK government is thus promoting the adoption of renewable energy in buildings. The Fuel-Cell Energy Systems (FCES), ...
DOI:
10.1080/15435075.2011.642089

18. Descriptive and social network analysis of pig transport data recorded by quality assured pig farms in the UK

Author:
R.P. Smith; A.J.C. Cook; R.M. Christley
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.2-3 pp. 167-177
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
Salmonella; commercial farms; disease transmission; farm numbers; infectious diseases; large farms; quality control; slaughterhouses; small farms; social networks; swine; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to examine farm-to-farm pig movement connections, and the usage of hauliers and abattoirs, for farms in the United Kingdom (UK), to determine the interconnectivity of the pig farm network and the implications this may have for the transmission and control of Salmonella, which was chosen as an example of an important endemic disease. Data were collected from three Quality ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.08.011
PubMed:
22959427

19. Designing mosaic landscapes for Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix using multi‐scaled models

Author:
Matthew Geary; Alan H. Fielding; Stuart J. Marsden; Lluis Brotons
Source:
Ibis 2013 v.155 no.4 pp. 792-803
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Lyrurus tetrix; forestry; grouse; habitats; heathlands; humans; landowners; landscapes; models; Scotland
Abstract:
... With increasing pressures on land for human use, it is important to identify the habitat requirements of key species, not just in terms of a correlation with a given habitat feature, but also the relationship between species presence and its coverage, proximity to other habitat types, and importance at different spatial scales. We used maximum entropy to estimate the optimal proportions of 18 habi ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12090

20. Determinants of biosecurity behaviour of British cattle and sheep farmers—A behavioural economics analysis

Author:
Luiza Toma; Alistair W. Stott; Claire Heffernan; Siân Ringrose; George J. Gunn
Source:
Preventive veterinary medicine 2013 v.108 no.4 pp. 321-333
ISSN:
0167-5877
Subject:
animal welfare; attitudes and opinions; cattle; disease outbreaks; economic factors; farm size; farm surveys; farmers; farms; information sources; livestock biosecurity; models; organic production; sheep; variance; England; Scotland; Wales
Abstract:
... The paper analyses the impact of a priori determinants of biosecurity behaviour of farmers in Great Britain. We use a dataset collected through a stratified telephone survey of 900 cattle and sheep farmers in Great Britain (400 in England and a further 250 in Wales and Scotland respectively) which took place between 25 March 2010 and 18 June 2010. The survey was stratified by farm type, farm size ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.009
PubMed:
23194894