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... Understanding of evolutionary history and speciation events to inform phylogeography of extant species can be gleaned from the fossil record. However, the fossil record for Australian freshwater turtles contains many gaps and interpretation of the fossils that are known is difficult because of poor knowledge of the morphology of extant forms. There are no fossils currently assigned to short-necked ...
Bryophyta; Marchantia; Plagiochasma; Pterospermum; Riccia; ecology; flora; China
Abstract:
... The occurrence of 13 species belonging to eight complex thalloid genera and six families are reported for Hunan. Conocephalum japonicum (Thunb.) Grolle, C. salebrosum Szweykowski et al. and Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees are moderately common in Hunan, Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., Marchantia palaecea Bertol. and M. emarginata Reinw. et al. subsp. tosana (Steph.) Bischler are rather rare, M. p ...
... Larval and bioacoustical characters are crucial for anuran systematics. Nevertheless, advertisement calls and larval morphology of most Neotropical anuran species are unknown. Lysapsus is a peculiar group of aquatic frogs that have been subject to recurrent taxonomic changes. Recent molecular phylogenetic and external morphology work gave support for some of the recognized species (L. laevis and L ...
Scirtothrips dorsalis; aesthetics; climatic factors; cryptic species; financial economics; fruit crops; growers; host range; introduced species; multivoltine habit; oviposition; pest management; pests; vegetables; East Asia; South Asia; United States
Abstract:
... Chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood is a pernicious invasive pest of several horticultural crops worldwide, causing economic losses to growers due to the damage caused to plants and in pest management costs. It has a wide host range among ornamental, vegetable, and fruit crops, and is known to feed on over 200 plant taxa. Apart from aesthetic, cosmetic or economic damage afflicted by feeding ...
... Calanoid copepods play an important role in the pelagic ecosystem making them subject to various taxonomic and ecological studies, as well as indicators for detecting changes in the marine habitat. For all these investigations, valid identification, mainly of sibling and cryptic species as well as early life history stages, represents a central issue. In this study, we compare species identificati ...
Notodontidae; barcoding; cryptic species; genitalia; life history; new species; tuna; Colombia; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Based on almost 1,700 recently reared and wild-collected specimens, the genus Dunama Schaus (Notodontidae, Nystaelinae) in Costa Rica is reviewed. Eight species are recorded of which seven are newly described: Dunama jessiehillae Chacón, Dunama jessiebarronae Chacón, Dunama janewaldronae Chacón, Dunama jessiebancroftae Chacón, Dunama janecoxae Chacón, Dunama biosise Chacón, Dunama indereci Chacón. ...
Anopheles fluviatilis; DNA barcoding; DNA fragmentation; chromosome inversions; cryptic species; cytochrome-c oxidase; gene flow; genes; genetic markers; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; malaria; mitochondria; population; ribosomal DNA; sibling species; species identification; India
Abstract:
... Anopheles fluviatilis, a major vector of malaria in India has been described as a complex of three sibling species members, named as S, T and U, based on variations in chromosomal inversions. Also, ribosomal DNA markers (repetitive Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and 28S D3 region) were described to differentiate these three sibling species members. However, controversies prevail on the genet ...
DNA barcoding; Lecanoraceae; cryptic speciation; databases; fungi; genetic distance; loci; new species; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; phylogeography
Abstract:
... Recent studies using sequence data from multiple loci and coalescent-based species delimitation have revealed several species-level lineages within the phenotypically circumscribed taxon Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato. Here, we formally describe five new species within this group, Rhizoplaca occulta, Rhizoplaca parilis, Rhizoplaca polymorpha, Rhizoplaca porterii, and Rhizoplaca shushanii, us ...
DNA barcoding; Hygrophorus; diagnostic techniques; grasslands; holotypes; mushrooms; new species; phylogeny; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Rigorous diagnostics and documentation of fungal species are fundamental to their conservation. During the course of a species-level study of UK waxcap (Hygrophoraceae) diversity, two previously unrecognized species were discovered. We describe Gliophorus europerplexussp. nov. and G. reginaesp. nov., respectively orange–brown and purple–pink waxcap mushrooms, from nutrient-poor grasslands in Brita ...
... Phaneta comprises a large genus of Nearctic tortricids with several species that are difficult to delimit using morphological characters. We examined Phaneta tarandana (Möschler 1874) and P. montanana (Walsingham 1884), using morphology and DNA. Our results upheld the distinction between these two species, even though the wing coloration and male genital characters traditionally used to diagnose t ...
... The D. flavopilosa group encompasses an ecologically restricted set of species strictly adapted to hosting flowers of Cestrum (Solanaceae). This group presents potential to be used as a model to the study of different questions regarding ecologically restricted species macro and microevolutionary responses, geographical vs. ecological speciation and intra and interspecific competition. This review ...
Bemisia tabaci; biotypes; cotton; cryptic species; cytochrome-c oxidase; genetic markers; geographical distribution; mitochondria; pest management; pests; population dynamics; sympatry; vegetables; Benin; Burkina Faso; East Asia
Abstract:
... Bemisia tabaci Gennadius is a major pest on cotton and vegetable plants in Africa. It is considered as a cryptic species complex. Identification of the most damaging species such as the Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED) (which contains the Q and Africa silverleaf (ASL) biotypes) species represents an important step towards the management of B. tabaci. Some data on the ge ...
Retaria; biogeography; cryptic species; data collection; databases; genotype; least squares; models; morphospecies; plankton; sediments; surface water temperature; Indian Ocean
Abstract:
... Cryptic genetic species of planktonic Foraminifera often exhibit narrower biogeographic distributions and ecological preferences than the respective morphospecies. In theory, it should therefore be possible to improve the resolution of the paleoceanographic reconstructions based on sediment assemblages of these species. Here, we use observational data on the latitudinal distribution of 11 genotype ...
Bemisia tabaci; cotton; cryptic species; cultivars; fecundity; females; gossypol; insect pests; integrated pest management; life history; pest control; population growth; survival rate
Abstract:
... Use of plant secondary metabolic compounds is an important method for insect pest control. In this study, the survival, development, and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MEAM1 cryptic species were compared over two consecutive generations on three cotton cultivars of different gossypol levels. Both cotton cultivar and generation significantly affected the fitness ...
... The existence of two cryptic species within strains of the wood-decaying fungus Fomes fomentarius was revealed recently based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variability. In this study for the first time the sequences of another molecular markers, partial translation elongation factor 1-α (efa) region and partial 25S large subunit ribosomal RNA gene were obtained and used to eval ...
... Sfriso A., Wolf M.A., Sciuto K., Morabito M., Andreoli C. and Moro I. 2013. Gracilaria viridis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): a new red algal species from the Mediterranean Sea. Phycologia 52: 65–73. DOI: 10.2216/12-007.1 We characterized a new Gracilaria species from the Venice Lagoon, Italy, using molecular analyses based on the plastid large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxyla ...
Gekkonidae; Leptospermum scoparium; breeding; forests; habitats; juveniles; lizards; monitoring; nocturnal activity; radio telemetry; surveys; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Basic biological information is critical to evaluating conservation requirements for native taxa, but is lacking for many cryptic New Zealand lizard species. Southern forest geckos (Mokopirirakau ‘Southern Forest’) are known only from anecdotes, museum specimens and discoveries of an individual at each of three sites during recent surveys in the Catlins. We used systematic searching, photo identif ...
... Based on morphology, fungal species have been considered widespread and as a result names of species from Europe or eastern North America were applied to species in western North America. However, DNA sequences have shown that many western taxa are different from their European counterparts; one such case is presented here. Comparisons of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences from ectomycorrhizal root tips a ...
... Ecological studies of pairwise interactions are constrained by the methods available for rapid species identification of the interacting organisms. The resolution of data required to characterize species interaction networks at multiple spatio‐temporal scales can be intensive, and therefore laborious and costly to collect. We explore the utility of high‐resolution DNA melt‐curve analysis (HRM) as ...
DNA barcoding; Eisenia fetida; bioassays; case studies; earthworms; ecotoxicology; genes; genomics; haplotypes; phylogeny; taxonomy; toxicity; South Africa
Abstract:
... DNA barcoding was used to investigate the phylogenetic delimitations of Eisenia sp. populations used in ecotoxicological research in South Africa. A total of three focal groups (used in published works) and two non-focal groups were assessed. These focal groups, including two laboratory cultures and one field population, have been referred to as Eisenia fetida in the literature. A previous molecul ...
Radula; chloroplasts; coasts; epiphytes; indigenous species; monophyly; nesting; new species; plant taxonomy; polyphyly; rain forests; rivers; tropics; waterways; Australasian region; New South Wales; New Zealand; Queensland; Tasman Sea; Tasmania; Western Australia
Abstract:
... Molecular data from three chloroplast markers resolve individuals attributable to Radula buccinifera in six lineages belonging to two subgenera, indicating the species is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed. All lineages are morphologically diagnosable, but one pair exhibits such morphological overlap that they can be considered cryptic. Molecular and morphological data justify the re-instatem ...
... We studied 1140 bp cytochrome b sequences of social voles from three localities in Lebanon. The results were compared with published sequences representing seven species of social voles. New sequences from Lebanon clustered with reference samples of two species: M. guentheri and M. irani . While M. guentheri was already reported for Lebanon, M. irani is a new addition to the fauna of Lebanon, and ...
allopolyploidy; autopolyploidy; gel electrophoresis; genetic markers; haploidy; heterozygosity; isozymes; loci; meiosis; mosses and liverworts; screening; Alaska
Abstract:
... Genetic markers from horizontal starch gel electrophoresis show clearly that boreal-arctic C. stygium, a bisexual polyploid with n = 14, is closely related to C. arcticum and C. latifolium, unisexual haploids with n = 7. One locus of C. stygium shows fixed heterozygosity, suggesting an allopolyploid origin with these two haploids as progenitors. Two other loci, which are heterozygous in >90% of al ...
Glossogobius; cytochrome b; data collection; freshwater; genetic markers; genetic variation; haplotypes; introns; nuclear genome; phylogeny; population structure; rivers; salt tolerance; sea level; subtropics; tropics; South Africa
Abstract:
... Glossogobius callidus exhibits broad salinity tolerance and is distributed in both estuarine and freshwater environments in southern Africa. Previous studies revealed substantial morphological and molecular variation among populations, suggesting they constitute a species complex. The present study utilised phylogenetic and population structure analyses of molecular sequence data from mitochondria ...
... We addressed the species taxonomy of five-toed jerboas (Allactaga, subgenus Paralactaga) in the Middle East by applying molecular markers (cytochrome b and a partial 16S rRNA). The study consisted of 17 specimens from eight localities in the Middle East, representing both species: Allactaga euphratica and Allactaga williamsi. The phylogenetic reconstructions yielded three highly divergent lineages ...
monitoring; Palearctic region; cytochrome-c oxidase; new species; Chironomidae; adults; United States; Arctic region
Abstract:
... We used an integrative-taxonomy approach to help resolve taxonomic issues within the genus Micropsectra (Diptera:Chironomidae). We used partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear carbamylphosphate synthetase (CAD) sequences and morphological data to provide a framework for better understanding of North American species in this group of nonbiting midges. As part of our results, we des ...
... A total of six Red Sea inshore fish species with wide Indo-Pacific distribution, including Lessepsian migrants that reached the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal, were studied and compared genetically to conspecific populations from Japan and the Seychelles. Examination of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene of Apogon cyanosoma , Sargocentron rubrum , Upeneus moluccensis , Spratelloide sdelic ...
Cicadidae; allopatry; bioacoustics; color; ecology; males; mountains; new species; pinyon-juniper; wings; woodlands; Arizona; Mexico; New Mexico
Abstract:
... Tibicen neomexicensis sp. n., a new species of cicada found in the Sacramento Mountains of southcentral New Mexico, is described. Tibicen neomexicensis closely resembles Tibicen chiricahua Davis morphologically, but males of the two species have highly distinct calling songs that differ in phrasal structure, amplitude burst rates, and pulse structure. Unlike Tibicen chiricahua, male Tibicen neomex ...
... The genetic variation of Rasbora group in Lake Laut Tawar has been reported previously, however information on morphometric variations of this Genus was not available. Hence, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the morphometric characters of Rasbora group in Lake Laut Tawar, in order to contribute useful information on the biology of this important fish. The truss morphometric metho ...
... The genetic diversity within Ptyodactylus ragazzii was analysed for the first time across the Western part of its range. We have used two mitochondrial (12s rRNA and 16s rRNA) and one nuclear (Cmos) marker to compare results directly with other related Ptyodactylus species, P. oudrii and P. hasselquistii. Results show high levels of intraspecific variability, with at least three divergent mtDNA li ...
... The presence of two species within the Eurythoe complanata complex in the Mediterranean Sea is reported, as well as their geographical distributions. One species, Eurythoe laevisetis, occurs in the eastern and central Mediterranean, likely constituting the first historical introduction to the Mediterranean Sea and the other, Eurythoe complanata, in both eastern and Levantine basins. Brief notes on ...
DNA barcoding; Hesperiidae; Prunus; adults; barcoding; color; female genitalia; females; herbivores; insect larvae; life history; males; mountains; new species; phylogeny; rearing; tropical montane cloud forests; Costa Rica; Panama
Abstract:
... Oxynetra stangelandi Grishin & Burns, new species, from high elevations of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica, is most similar to Oxynetra hopfferi Staudinger, known from mountains of central and southern Costa Rica and western Panama. These hesperiid species differ mainly in body color pattern and in DNA barcodes. We compare their barcodes, nucleotide by nucleotide, ...
Parthenocissus quinquefolia; Plasmopara viticola; Vitis riparia; case studies; cryptic species; disease control; downy mildew; host plants; host range; phylogeny; sporangia; viticulture; North America
Abstract:
... Assortative mating resulting from host plant specialization has been proposed to facilitate rapid ecological divergence in biotrophic plant pathogens. Downy mildews, a major group of biotrophic oomycetes, are prime candidates for testing speciation by host plant specialization. Here, we combined a phylogenetic and morphological approach with cross‐pathogenicity tests to investigate host plant spec ...
Bemisia tabaci; climate; cryptic species; genetic analysis; genetic markers; genetic variation; genotyping; greenhouses; microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; phylogeography; population genetics; population structure; Hawaii
Abstract:
... The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) cryptic species complex of whitefiies contains two species, MEAM1 and MED, that are highly invasive in supportive climates the world over. In the United States, MEAM1 occurs both in the field and in the greenhouse, but MED is only found in the greenhouse. To make inferences about the population structure of both species, and the origin and re ...
Leyre M. López-Soria; Elena Bereciartua; Marta Santamaría; Luis Miguel Soria; José Luis Hernández-Almaraz; Alessandra Mularoni; Javier Nieto; Miguel Montejo
... BACKGROUND: In recent years the incidence of candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida species has been increasing. Two cryptic species have been described within the Candida glabrata complex, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, which may be troublesome in laboratory identification and have lower susceptibility to fluconazole. AIMS: To describe the first isolation of C. nivariensis in the ...
... Following the global uptake of transgenic cotton several Hemipteran pests have emerged as primary targets for pesticide control. Previous research on one such emergent pest: the green mirid, Creontiades dilutus, indicated differential use of two crop hosts, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Malvaceae) and lucerne (alfalfa) (Medicago sativa, Fabaceae). We tested the hypothesis that this apparent demograp ...
SoisooK Pipat; Karapan Sunate; Satasook Chutamas; Thong Vu Dinh; Khan Faisal Ali Anwarali; Maryanto Ibnu; Csorba Gabor; Furey Neil; Aul Bandana; Bates Paul J. J.
Vespertilionidae; ecology; genetic variation; geographical variation; new species; new subspecies; zoogeography; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam
Abstract:
... Until recently, the taxon Murina cyclotis was considered to be a widespread species, albeit one that exhibited considerable individual, sexual and geographical variation. Subsequently however, it was recognised that this taxon was in fact a complex of species. As such, in 2012, two larger forms were recognised as separate and distinct species, namely: M. peninsularis in the Sunda region and M. fio ...
Cynoscion nebulosus; Cynoscion regalis; Myxosporea; cryptic species; estuaries; etiological agents; fish; hosts; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; species diversity; spores; urinary tract; United States
Abstract:
... Myxosporean infections that we diagnosed frequently in the urinary tract of Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) and Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Sciaenidae) collected in the estuarine systems of SC, USA, are described together with their etiological agent. Based on the morphology of spores and plasmodial stages, we identified the agent, in both fish host species, as Sinuolinea dim ...
... Our extension of the phylogenetic study of Taylor et al. (2009) on a larger, more geographically representative sample confirmed their finding of genetically distinct sympatric lineages of bats currently referred to as Chaerephon pumilus sensu lato (s.l.) (family Molossidae) in southeastern Africa. Chaerephon pumilus s.l. comprised two cytochrome b lineages separated by a mean genetic distance of ...
Gastropoda; algae; color; genetic variation; haplotypes; phylogeny; ribosomal RNA; species identification; Japan
Abstract:
... Species of the genus Elysia Risso, 1818 have relatively few external characters useful for species identification, and features such as papillae and/or color markings on the body surface are often used to classify and identify species. Elysia atroviridis Baba, 1955 and E. setoensis Hamatani, 1968, for example, have been described as distinct based mainly on such characters. Close examinations of 4 ...
Eulophus; Galerucella calmariensis; Galerucella pusilla; cryptic species; endoparasitoids; genetic distance; host range; lectotypes; mitochondria; neotypes; new species; research
Abstract:
... Three morphologically very similar species of Asecodes Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are reviewed. Asecodes parviclava (Thomson) is removed from synonymy under Asecodes lucensstat.rev., and differentiated from Asecodes lucens (Nees) and Asecodes lineophagumsp. n. All three species develop as gregarious endoparasitoids in larvae of Galerucella spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but each species ...
Chrysopidae; color; cryptic species; genitalia; lectotypes; neotypes; Brazil
Abstract:
... We dedicate this article to the memory of Sergio de Freitas, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased, 2012). He was an active and enthusiastic Neuropterist and the cherished mentor and friend of Francisco Sosa. Leucochrysa McLachlan is the largest genus in the Chrysopidae, yet it has received relatively little taxonomic attention. We treat two problematic and common Leucochrysa specie ...
Afrotropical region; DNA barcoding; Empis; Palearctic region; Singapore; genetic variation; intraspecific variation; monophyly; taxonomy; Belgium; Caucasus region; Democratic Republic of the Congo; France; Portugal; Thailand
Abstract:
... Empidoidea is one of the largest extant lineages of flies, but phylogenetic relationships among species of this group are poorly investigated and global diversity remains scarcely assessed. In this context, one of the most enigmatic empidoid families is Hybotidae. Within the framework of a pilot study, we barcoded 339 specimens of Old World hybotids belonging to 164 species and 22 genera (plus two ...
Sphagnum; allopolyploidy; bryology; cryptic species; cytotypes; genetic variation; microsatellite repeats; sexual reproduction; sporophytes; New Zealand; South America; Tasmania
Abstract:
... A Holantarctic species, the inter-subgeneric allopolyploid Sphagnum ×falcatulum s.l. is a cryptic species complex composed of allodiploid and allotriploid cytotypes. The allotriploid plants are double allopolyploids (one of just two reported for bryophytes), with the allodiploid cytotype being one parent. Using a combination of microsatellites, nucleotide sequences, and morphological characters, a ...
Lecidea; Roccellaceae; anamorphs; biogeography; fungal morphology; fungi; genetic markers; internal transcribed spacers; lichens; monophyly; new combination; new species; nomen novum; ribosomal DNA; taxonomic keys; tectonics; tubulin
Abstract:
... Dirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is a monophyletic genus of crustose, saxicolous or corticolous lichenized fungi. Twenty-four species are accepted in the genus, including nine new species: Dirina angolana, D. arabica, D. astridae, D. canariensis, D. indica, D. madagascariensis, D. pacifica, D. pallescens and D. sorocarpa. A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented based on data from four molecular m ...
... A new highland species of chestnut-capped Arremon brush-finch is described from the Sierra Madre del Sur of central Guerrero. This form, although indistinguishable in external phenotype from adjacent populations to the east in Oaxaca, is dramatically differentiated in mitochondrial DNA sequence characters, and quite unexpectedly is the sister lineage to the very distinct (phenotype and genotype), ...
Viperidae; color; highlands; indigenous species; new species; Costa Rica; Honduras; Panama
Abstract:
... A new species of palm-pitviper of the genus Bothriechis is described from Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat in northern Honduras. The new species differs from congeners by having 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody, a bright green dorsal coloration in adults, the prelacunal scale fused to the second supralabial, and in representing a northern lineage that is sister to Bothriechis lateralis, which is ...
Carex; Ceratocystis; Cryptolepis; biodiversity; crossing; fens; hybrids; indigenous species; monophyly; new species; plant taxonomy; population genetics; Indiana; Michigan; North Carolina; Ohio
Abstract:
... Divergence between evolutionary lineages is not always marked by the development of obvious species-specific characters, whether morphological, physiological, or ecological. Consequentially, extant biodiversity can easily be overlooked. These cryptic species are often not recognized until genetic data are in hand, as is the case for the novel taxon we describe here. Carex viridistellata in Carex s ...
Bemisia tabaci; cabbage; cotton; crops; field experimentation; host plants; imidacloprid; laboratory experimentation; pepper; pesticide application; soil drenching; surveys; tomatoes; China
Abstract:
... The cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), formerly referred to as ‘B biotype’, of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex entered China in the mid 1990s, and the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species, formerly referred to as ‘Q biotype’, of the same whitefly complex entered China around 2003. Field surveys in China after 2003 indicate that in many regions MED has been replacing the earlier i ...
Chionaspis heterophyllae; Chionaspis pinifoliae; Pinaceae; economic impact; horticulture; host range; new species; scale insects; species diversity; taxonomic keys; North America
Abstract:
... The genus Chionaspis (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) includes two North American species of armored scale insects feeding on Pinaceae: Chionaspis heterophyllae Cooley, and Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch). Despite the economic impact of conifer-feeding Chionaspis on horticulture, the species diversity in this group has only recently been systematically investigated using samples from across the group’s geog ...