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1. "Evolution Canyon," a potential microscale monitor of global warming across life

Author:
Eviatar Nevo
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.8 pp. 2960-2965
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila; bacteria; biodiversity; drought; extinction; fungi; global warming; heat; mammals; microclimate; models; photosynthesis; prediction; shrublands; solar radiation; sympatric speciation; viruses; Israel
Abstract:
... Climatic change and stress is a major driving force of evolution. The effects of climate change on living organisms have been shown primarily on regional and global scales. Here I propose the "Evolution Canyon" (EC) microscale model as a potential life monitor of global warming in Israel and the rest of the world. The EC model reveals evolution in action at a microscale involving biodiversity dive ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1120633109
PubMed:
22308456
PubMed Central:
PMC3286920

2. "tet(U)" Is Not a Tetracycline Resistance Determinant

Author:
Jamie A. Caryl; Georgina Cox; Stefan Trimble; Alex J. O'Neill
Source:
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2012 v.56 no.6 pp. 3378-3379
ISSN:
0066-4804
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; bacterial proteins; bioinformatics; genes; plasmids; resistance mechanisms; tetracycline
Abstract:
... The enterococcal plasmid pKQ10 has been reported to carry a poorly characterized tetracycline resistance determinant designated tet(U). However, in a series of studies intended to further characterize this determinant, we have been unable to substantiate the claim that tet(U) confers resistance to tetracyclines. In line with these results, bioinformatic analysis provides compelling evidence that " ...
DOI:
10.1128/AAC.05957-11
PubMed:
22491689
PubMed Central:
PMC3370814

3. (n-3) Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Are Effects of EPA and DHA Shared or Complementary?

Author:
Dariush Mozaffarian; Jason H. Y. Wu
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2012 v.142 no.3 pp. 614S-625S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
docosapentaenoic acid; high density lipoprotein; fish consumption; humans; compliance; inflammation; laboratory animals; endogenous sources; particle size; platelet aggregation; low density lipoprotein; risk factors; animal models; arrhythmia; fish oils; clinical trials; oxidative stress; research support
Abstract:
... Considerable research supports cardiovascular benefits of consuming omega-3 PUFA, also known as (n-3) PUFA, from fish or fish oil. Whether individual long-chain (n-3) PUFA have shared or complementary effects is not well established. We reviewed evidence for dietary and endogenous sources and cardiovascular effects on biologic pathways, physiologic risk factors, and clinical endpoints of EPA [20:5 ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.111.149633
PubMed:
22279134
PubMed Central:
PMC3278271

4. (φ,ψ)₂ Motifs: A Purely Conformation-Based Fine-Grained Enumeration of Protein Parts at the Two-Residue Level

Author:
Scott A. Hollingsworth; Matthew C. Lewis; Donald S. Berkholz; Weng-Keen Wong; P. Andrew Karplus
Source:
Journal of molecular biology 2012 v.416 no.1 pp. 78-93
ISSN:
0022-2836
Subject:
algorithms; models; polypeptides; population density; protein structure; proteins
Abstract:
... A deep understanding of protein structure benefits from the use of a variety of classification strategies that enhance our ability to effectively describe local patterns of conformation. Here, we use a clustering algorithm to analyze 76,533 all-trans segments from protein structures solved at 1.2 Å resolution or better to create a purely φ,ψ-based comprehensive empirical categorization of common c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.022
PubMed:
22198294
PubMed Central:
PMC3268948

5. 1,2,3-Triazole–Heme Interactions in Cytochrome P450: Functionally Competent Triazole–Water–Heme Complexes

Author:
Conner Kip P.; Vennam Preethi; Woods Caleb M.; Krzyaniak Matthew D.; Bowman Michael K.; Atkins William M.
Source:
Biochemistry 2012 v.51 no.32 pp. 6441-6457
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
cytochrome P-450; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; enthalpy; entropy; heme; heme iron; hydrogen bonding; ligands; metabolism; models; risk
Abstract:
... In comparison to imidazole (IMZ) and 1,2,4-triazole (1,2,4-TRZ), the isosteric 1,2,3-triazole (1,2,3-TRZ) is unrepresented among cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors. This is surprising because 1,2,3-TRZs are easily obtained via “click” chemistry. To understand this underrepresentation of 1,2,3-TRZs among CYP inhibitors, thermodynamic and density functional theory computational studies were performed ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi300744z
PubMed:
22809252
PubMed Central:
PMC3448000

6. The 1,2-Benzenedithiole-Based Cyclocondensation Assay: A Valuable Tool for the Measurement of Chemopreventive Isothiocyanates

Author:
Yuesheng Zhang
Source:
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2012 v.52 no.6 pp. 525-532
ISSN:
1549-7852
Subject:
chemoprevention; humans; isothiocyanates; mechanism of action; metabolites; vegetables
Abstract:
... Many naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) show highly promising chemopreventive activities. Humans are commonly exposed to these compounds through the consumption of cruciferous vegetables which are the main source of dietary ITCs. Dietary ITCs may play an important role in cancer prevention and in the well-recognized cancer preventive activities of cruciferous vegetables. A generic analytic ...
DOI:
10.1080/10408398.2010.503288
PubMed:
22452732
PubMed Central:
PMC3315191

7. 1,4-Diazaspiro[2.2]pentanes as a Flexible Platform for the Synthesis of Diamine-Bearing Stereotriads

Author:
Rigoli Jared W.; Boralsky Luke A.; Hershberger John C.; Marston Dagmara; Meis Alan R.; Guzei Ilia A.; Schomaker Jennifer M.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2012 v.77 no.5 pp. 2446-2455
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
Lewis bases; alcohols; allene; aziridines; bioactive compounds; chemical structure; optical isomerism; organic chemistry; oxidation; regioselectivity
Abstract:
... Nitrogen-containing stereotriads occur in a number of biologically active compounds, but general and flexible methods to access these compounds are limited mainly to the manipulation of chiral olefins. An alternative approach is to employ a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereocontrolled allene oxidation that can install a new carbon–heteroatom bond at each of the three original allene carbons. In thi ...
DOI:
10.1021/jo3000282
PubMed:
22304460
PubMed Central:
PMC4500119

8. 1,500 year quantitative reconstruction of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest

Author:
Byron A. Steinman; Mark B. Abbott; Michael E. Mann; Nathan D. Stansell; Bruce P. Finney
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.29 pp. 11619-11623
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
El Nino; climate; drought; growth rings; isotopes; lakes; oxygen; paleoclimatology; seasonal variation; sediments; winter
Abstract:
... Multiple paleoclimate proxies are required for robust assessment of past hydroclimatic conditions. Currently, estimates of drought variability over the past several thousand years are based largely on tree-ring records. We produced a 1,500-y record of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a physical model-based analysis of lake sediment oxygen isotope data. Our results indicate that ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1201083109
PubMed:
22753510
PubMed Central:
PMC3406856

9. 1-Methylthio-d-xylulose 5-Phosphate Methylsulfurylase: A Novel Route to 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-Phosphate in Rhodospirillum rubrum

Author:
Warlick Benjamin P.; Evans Bradley S.; Erb Tobias J.; Ramagopal Udipi A.; Sriram Jaya; Imker Heidi J.; Sauder J. Michael; Bonanno Jeffrey B.; Burley Stephen K.; Tabita F. Robert; Almo Steven C.; Sweedler Jonathan S.; Gerlt John A.
Source:
Biochemistry 2012 v.51 no.42 pp. 8324-8326
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
Rhodospirillum rubrum; S-adenosylmethionine; active sites; adenine; biosynthesis; dimethyl disulfide; isomerization; isoprenoids; polyamines
Abstract:
... Rhodospirillum rubrum produces 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA) from S-adenosylmethionine in polyamine biosynthesis; however, R. rubrum lacks the classical methionine salvage pathway. Instead, MTA is converted to 5-methylthio-d-ribose 1-phosphate (MTR 1-P) and adenine; MTR 1-P is isomerized to 1-methylthio-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (MTXu 5-P) and reductively dethiomethylated to 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosph ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi301215g
PubMed:
23035785
PubMed Central:
PMC3490199

10. The 10-Year Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin for Diabetes Prevention: An intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS

Author:
Source:
Diabetes care 2012 v.35 no.4 pp. 723-730
ISSN:
0149-5992
Subject:
adults; cost effectiveness; lifestyle; metformin; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; quality of life; quality-adjusted life year
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its Outcomes Study (DPPOS) demonstrated that either intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin could prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults for at least 10 years after randomization. We report the 10-year within-trial cost-effectiveness of the interventions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on resource utilization, cost, and quality of ...
DOI:
10.2337/dc11-1468
PubMed:
22442395
PubMed Central:
PMC3308273

11. 100% Orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy, decreased risk for obesity, and improved biomarkers of health in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2006

Author:
Carol E O’Neil; Theresa A Nicklas; Gail C Rampersaud; Victor L Fulgoni III
Source:
Nutrition journal 2012 v.11 no.1 pp. 565
ISSN:
1475-2891
Subject:
Adequate Intakes; food groups; odds ratio; folic acid; nutrients; adults; Estimated Average Requirement; biomarkers; orange juice; metabolic syndrome; risk factors; potassium; childhood obesity; USDA; body mass index; vitamin A; ascorbic acid; fruits; nutritional adequacy; regression analysis; magnesium; cholesterol; healthy diet; fruit consumption; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; whole grain foods
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Consumption of 100% orange juice (OJ) has been positively associated with nutrient adequacy and diet quality, with no increased risk of overweight/obesity in children; however, no one has examined these factors in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of 100% OJ consumption with nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) i ...
DOI:
10.1186/1475-2891-11-107
PubMed:
23234248
PubMed Central:
PMC3545988

12. IL- 10–induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes

Author:
Marzia Rossato; Graziella Curtale; Nicola Tamassia; Monica Castellucci; Laura Mori; Sara Gasperini; Barbara Mariotti; Mariacristina De Luca; Massimiliano Mirolo; Marco A. Cassatella; Massimo Locati; Flavia Bazzoni
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.45 pp. E3101
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; humans; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; messenger RNA; microRNA; monocytes; physiological regulation; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; translation (genetics); tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that, in phagocytes, negatively targets cytokine expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Posttranscriptional checkpoints also represent the specific target of a recently discovered, evolutionary conserved class of small silencing RNAs known as “microRNAs” (miRNAs), which display the peculiar function of negatively regulating mRNA p ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1209100109
PubMed:
23071313
PubMed Central:
PMC3494907

13. 15N-Labeled Brain Enables Quantification of Proteome and Phosphoproteome in Cultured Primary Neurons

Author:
Liao Lujian; Sando Richard C.; Farnum John B.; Vanderklish Peter W.; Maximov Anton; Yates John R.
Source:
Journal of Proteome Research 2012 v.11 no.2 pp. 1341-1353
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
brain; models; neurons; phosphopeptides; phosphorylation; proteins; proteome; proteomics; quantitative analysis; stable isotopes; synapse; synaptic transmission
Abstract:
... Terminally differentiated primary cells represent a valuable in vitro model to study signaling events associated within a specific tissue. Quantitative proteomic methods using metabolic labeling in primary cells encounter labeling efficiency issues hindering the use of these cells. Here we developed a method to quantify the proteome and phosphoproteome of cultured neurons using ¹⁵N-labeled brain t ...
DOI:
10.1021/pr200987h
PubMed:
22070516
PubMed Central:
PMC3279198

14. 15N-Labeled Full-Length Apolipoprotein E4 as an Internal Standard for Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms

Author:
Wang Meiyao; Chen Junjun; Turko Illarion V.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2012 v.84 no.19 pp. 8340-8344
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; alleles; amino acids; apolipoprotein E4; brain; genotype; humans; mass spectrometry; quantitative analysis; risk factors
Abstract:
... Apolipoprotein E isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) affect the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the apoE4 isoform being a major risk factor. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. ApoE isoforms vary by a single amino acid change, and it is a challenge to distinguish them on the protein level. We developed a mass spectrometry-based quantitative method uti ...
DOI:
10.1021/ac3018873
PubMed:
22931427
PubMed Central:
PMC4038910

15. 17 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for the giant water bug, Abedus herberti (Belostomatidae)

Author:
T. S. Daly-Engel; R. L. Smith; D. S. Finn; M. E. Knoderbane; I. C. Phillipsen; D. A. Lytle
Source:
Conservation genetics resources 2012 v.4 no.4 pp. 979-981
ISSN:
1877-7252
Subject:
Lethocerus americanus; alleles; aquatic habitat; climate change; evolution; groundwater; insects; loci; mating systems; microsatellite repeats
Abstract:
... The giant water bug (Abedus herberti) is a large flightless insect that is a keystone predator in aridland aquatic habitats. Extended droughts, possibly due to climate change and groundwater pumping, are causing once-perennial aquatic habitats to dry, resulting in serious conservation concern for some populations. A. herberti also exhibits exclusive male parental care, which has made it a model or ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12686-012-9687-5
PubMed:
24077753
PubMed Central:
PMC3784353

16. 1H Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Based on an Endogenous Radical

Author:
Maly Thorsten; Cui Dongtao; Griffin Robert G.; Miller Anne-Frances
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2012 v.116 no.24 pp. 7055-7065
ISSN:
1520-6106
Subject:
flavins; free radicals; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organelles; physical chemistry; proteins
Abstract:
... We demonstrate a 15-fold enhancement of solid-state NMR signals via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) based on a stable, naturally occurring radical in a protein: the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) semiquinone of flavodoxin. The line width of flavodoxin’s EPR signal suggests that the dominant DNP mechanism is the solid effect, consistent with the field-dependent DNP enhancement profile. The magnitud ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp300539j
PubMed:
22472179
PubMed Central:
PMC6010065

17. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and its analog, 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (2MD), suppress intraocular pressure in non-human primates

Author:
Galina D. Kutuzova; B’Ann T. Gabelt; Julie A. Kiland; Elizabeth A. Hennes-Beann; Paul L. Kaufman; Hector F. DeLuca
Source:
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2012 v.518 no.1 pp. 53-60
ISSN:
0003-9861
Subject:
Primates; drainage; genes; glaucoma; hypertension; microarray technology; people; risk factors; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Ocular hypertension is the greatest known risk factor for glaucoma that affects an estimated 70million people worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the mainstay of therapy in the management of glaucoma. By means of microarray analysis, we have discovered that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25-(OH)₂D₃) regulates genes that are known to be involved in the determination of intraocular ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.abb.2011.10.022
PubMed:
22198282
PubMed Central:
PMC3390938

18. 1’-Acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits growth of human oral carcinoma xenograft in mice and potentiates cisplatin effect via proinflammatory microenvironment alterations

Author:
Lionel LA In; Norhafiza M Arshad; Halijah Ibrahim; Mohamad Nurul Azmi; Khalijah Awang; Noor Hasima Nagoor
Source:
BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2012 v.12 no.1 pp. 179
ISSN:
1472-6882
Subject:
DNA fragmentation; Western blotting; acetates; alternative medicine; apoptosis; biomarkers; body weight changes; cisplatin; clinical trials; cyclins; cytotoxicity; genes; ginger; humans; mechanism of action; mice; mouth neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma; survival rate; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Oral cancers although preventable, possess a low five-year survival rate which has remained unchanged over the past three decades. In an attempt to find a more safe, affordable and effective treatment option, we describe here the use of 1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a component of Malaysian ginger traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. METHODS: Whether ACA can inhib ...
DOI:
10.1186/1472-6882-12-179
PubMed:
23043547
PubMed Central:
PMC3517351

19. 2,2′,3,5′,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites Are Enantiomerically Enriched in Female Mice

Author:
Kania-Korwel Izabela; Barnhart Christopher D.; Stamou Marianna; Truong Kim M.; El-Komy Mohammed H. M. E.; Lein Pamela J.; Veng-Pedersen Peter; Lehmler Hans-Joachim
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2012 v.46 no.20 pp. 11393-11401
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adults; blood; brain; dose response; females; liver; metabolites; mice; neurotoxicity; polychlorinated biphenyls; subchronic exposure; tissues
Abstract:
... Epidemiological and laboratory studies link polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Several neurotoxic PCB congeners are chiral and undergo enantiomeric enrichment in mammalian species, which may modulate PCB developmental neurotoxicity. This study measures levels and enantiomeric enrichment of PCB 95 and its hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in adu ...
DOI:
10.1021/es302810t
PubMed:
22974126
PubMed Central:
PMC3475189

20. 2,3-Hexanediols as Sex Attractants and a Female-produced Sex Pheromone for Cerambycid Beetles in the Prionine Genus Tragosoma

Author:
Ann M. Ray; James D. Barbour; J. Steven McElfresh; Jardel A. Moreira; Ian Swift; Ian M. Wright; Alenka Žunič; Robert F. Mitchell; Elizabeth E. Graham; Ronald L. Alten; Jocelyn G. Millar; Lawrence M. Hanks
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2012 v.38 no.9 pp. 1151-1158
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Cerambycidae; aggregation pheromones; bioassays; females; fresh produce; males; pheromone blends; pheromone glands; sex attractants; sex pheromones; sexual dimorphism; California
Abstract:
... Recent work suggests that closely related cerambycid species often share pheromone components, or even produce pheromone blends of identical composition. However, little is known of the pheromones of species in the subfamily Prioninae. During field bioassays in California, males of three species in the prionine genus Tragosoma were attracted to 2,3-hexanediols, common components of male-produced a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-012-0181-z
PubMed:
22923142
PubMed Central:
PMC3808253