U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Publication Year 2012 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2012 Text availability Full Text Remove constraint Text availability: Full Text
Start Over

Search

22,628  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 50 of 22,628 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. "Evolution Canyon," a potential microscale monitor of global warming across life

Author:
Eviatar Nevo
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.8 pp. 2960-2965
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila; bacteria; biodiversity; drought; extinction; fungi; global warming; heat; mammals; microclimate; models; photosynthesis; prediction; shrublands; solar radiation; sympatric speciation; viruses; Israel
Abstract:
... Climatic change and stress is a major driving force of evolution. The effects of climate change on living organisms have been shown primarily on regional and global scales. Here I propose the "Evolution Canyon" (EC) microscale model as a potential life monitor of global warming in Israel and the rest of the world. The EC model reveals evolution in action at a microscale involving biodiversity dive ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1120633109
PubMed:
22308456
PubMed Central:
PMC3286920

2. "tet(U)" Is Not a Tetracycline Resistance Determinant

Author:
Jamie A. Caryl; Georgina Cox; Stefan Trimble; Alex J. O'Neill
Source:
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2012 v.56 no.6 pp. 3378-3379
ISSN:
0066-4804
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; bacterial proteins; bioinformatics; genes; plasmids; resistance mechanisms; tetracycline
Abstract:
... The enterococcal plasmid pKQ10 has been reported to carry a poorly characterized tetracycline resistance determinant designated tet(U). However, in a series of studies intended to further characterize this determinant, we have been unable to substantiate the claim that tet(U) confers resistance to tetracyclines. In line with these results, bioinformatic analysis provides compelling evidence that " ...
DOI:
10.1128/AAC.05957-11
PubMed:
22491689
PubMed Central:
PMC3370814

3. (n-3) Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health: Are Effects of EPA and DHA Shared or Complementary?

Author:
Dariush Mozaffarian; Jason H. Y. Wu
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2012 v.142 no.3 pp. 614S-625S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
docosapentaenoic acid; high density lipoprotein; fish consumption; humans; compliance; inflammation; laboratory animals; endogenous sources; particle size; platelet aggregation; low density lipoprotein; risk factors; animal models; arrhythmia; fish oils; clinical trials; oxidative stress; research support
Abstract:
... Considerable research supports cardiovascular benefits of consuming omega-3 PUFA, also known as (n-3) PUFA, from fish or fish oil. Whether individual long-chain (n-3) PUFA have shared or complementary effects is not well established. We reviewed evidence for dietary and endogenous sources and cardiovascular effects on biologic pathways, physiologic risk factors, and clinical endpoints of EPA [20:5 ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.111.149633
PubMed:
22279134
PubMed Central:
PMC3278271

4. (φ,ψ)₂ Motifs: A Purely Conformation-Based Fine-Grained Enumeration of Protein Parts at the Two-Residue Level

Author:
Scott A. Hollingsworth; Matthew C. Lewis; Donald S. Berkholz; Weng-Keen Wong; P. Andrew Karplus
Source:
Journal of molecular biology 2012 v.416 no.1 pp. 78-93
ISSN:
0022-2836
Subject:
algorithms; models; polypeptides; population density; protein structure; proteins
Abstract:
... A deep understanding of protein structure benefits from the use of a variety of classification strategies that enhance our ability to effectively describe local patterns of conformation. Here, we use a clustering algorithm to analyze 76,533 all-trans segments from protein structures solved at 1.2 Å resolution or better to create a purely φ,ψ-based comprehensive empirical categorization of common c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.022
PubMed:
22198294
PubMed Central:
PMC3268948

5. 1,2,3-Triazole–Heme Interactions in Cytochrome P450: Functionally Competent Triazole–Water–Heme Complexes

Author:
Conner Kip P.; Vennam Preethi; Woods Caleb M.; Krzyaniak Matthew D.; Bowman Michael K.; Atkins William M.
Source:
Biochemistry 2012 v.51 no.32 pp. 6441-6457
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
cytochrome P-450; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; enthalpy; entropy; heme; heme iron; hydrogen bonding; ligands; metabolism; models; risk
Abstract:
... In comparison to imidazole (IMZ) and 1,2,4-triazole (1,2,4-TRZ), the isosteric 1,2,3-triazole (1,2,3-TRZ) is unrepresented among cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors. This is surprising because 1,2,3-TRZs are easily obtained via “click” chemistry. To understand this underrepresentation of 1,2,3-TRZs among CYP inhibitors, thermodynamic and density functional theory computational studies were performed ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi300744z
PubMed:
22809252
PubMed Central:
PMC3448000

6. The 1,2-Benzenedithiole-Based Cyclocondensation Assay: A Valuable Tool for the Measurement of Chemopreventive Isothiocyanates

Author:
Yuesheng Zhang
Source:
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2012 v.52 no.6 pp. 525-532
ISSN:
1549-7852
Subject:
chemoprevention; humans; isothiocyanates; mechanism of action; metabolites; vegetables
Abstract:
... Many naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) show highly promising chemopreventive activities. Humans are commonly exposed to these compounds through the consumption of cruciferous vegetables which are the main source of dietary ITCs. Dietary ITCs may play an important role in cancer prevention and in the well-recognized cancer preventive activities of cruciferous vegetables. A generic analytic ...
DOI:
10.1080/10408398.2010.503288
PubMed:
22452732
PubMed Central:
PMC3315191

7. 1,4-Diazaspiro[2.2]pentanes as a Flexible Platform for the Synthesis of Diamine-Bearing Stereotriads

Author:
Rigoli Jared W.; Boralsky Luke A.; Hershberger John C.; Marston Dagmara; Meis Alan R.; Guzei Ilia A.; Schomaker Jennifer M.
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2012 v.77 no.5 pp. 2446-2455
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
Lewis bases; alcohols; allene; aziridines; bioactive compounds; chemical structure; optical isomerism; organic chemistry; oxidation; regioselectivity
Abstract:
... Nitrogen-containing stereotriads occur in a number of biologically active compounds, but general and flexible methods to access these compounds are limited mainly to the manipulation of chiral olefins. An alternative approach is to employ a highly chemo-, regio-, and stereocontrolled allene oxidation that can install a new carbon–heteroatom bond at each of the three original allene carbons. In thi ...
DOI:
10.1021/jo3000282
PubMed:
22304460
PubMed Central:
PMC4500119

8. 1,500 year quantitative reconstruction of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest

Author:
Byron A. Steinman; Mark B. Abbott; Michael E. Mann; Nathan D. Stansell; Bruce P. Finney
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.29 pp. 11619-11623
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
El Nino; climate; drought; growth rings; isotopes; lakes; oxygen; paleoclimatology; seasonal variation; sediments; winter
Abstract:
... Multiple paleoclimate proxies are required for robust assessment of past hydroclimatic conditions. Currently, estimates of drought variability over the past several thousand years are based largely on tree-ring records. We produced a 1,500-y record of winter precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a physical model-based analysis of lake sediment oxygen isotope data. Our results indicate that ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1201083109
PubMed:
22753510
PubMed Central:
PMC3406856

9. 1-Methylthio-d-xylulose 5-Phosphate Methylsulfurylase: A Novel Route to 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-Phosphate in Rhodospirillum rubrum

Author:
Warlick Benjamin P.; Evans Bradley S.; Erb Tobias J.; Ramagopal Udipi A.; Sriram Jaya; Imker Heidi J.; Sauder J. Michael; Bonanno Jeffrey B.; Burley Stephen K.; Tabita F. Robert; Almo Steven C.; Sweedler Jonathan S.; Gerlt John A.
Source:
Biochemistry 2012 v.51 no.42 pp. 8324-8326
ISSN:
1520-4995
Subject:
Rhodospirillum rubrum; S-adenosylmethionine; active sites; adenine; biosynthesis; dimethyl disulfide; isomerization; isoprenoids; polyamines
Abstract:
... Rhodospirillum rubrum produces 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA) from S-adenosylmethionine in polyamine biosynthesis; however, R. rubrum lacks the classical methionine salvage pathway. Instead, MTA is converted to 5-methylthio-d-ribose 1-phosphate (MTR 1-P) and adenine; MTR 1-P is isomerized to 1-methylthio-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (MTXu 5-P) and reductively dethiomethylated to 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosph ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi301215g
PubMed:
23035785
PubMed Central:
PMC3490199

10. The 10-Year Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin for Diabetes Prevention: An intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS

Author:
Source:
Diabetes care 2012 v.35 no.4 pp. 723-730
ISSN:
0149-5992
Subject:
adults; cost effectiveness; lifestyle; metformin; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; quality of life; quality-adjusted life year
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and its Outcomes Study (DPPOS) demonstrated that either intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin could prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults for at least 10 years after randomization. We report the 10-year within-trial cost-effectiveness of the interventions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on resource utilization, cost, and quality of ...
DOI:
10.2337/dc11-1468
PubMed:
22442395
PubMed Central:
PMC3308273

11. 100% Orange juice consumption is associated with better diet quality, improved nutrient adequacy, decreased risk for obesity, and improved biomarkers of health in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2006

Author:
Carol E O’Neil; Theresa A Nicklas; Gail C Rampersaud; Victor L Fulgoni III
Source:
Nutrition journal 2012 v.11 no.1 pp. 565
ISSN:
1475-2891
Subject:
Adequate Intakes; food groups; odds ratio; folic acid; nutrients; adults; Estimated Average Requirement; biomarkers; orange juice; metabolic syndrome; risk factors; potassium; childhood obesity; USDA; body mass index; vitamin A; ascorbic acid; fruits; nutritional adequacy; regression analysis; magnesium; cholesterol; healthy diet; fruit consumption; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; whole grain foods
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Consumption of 100% orange juice (OJ) has been positively associated with nutrient adequacy and diet quality, with no increased risk of overweight/obesity in children; however, no one has examined these factors in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of 100% OJ consumption with nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) i ...
DOI:
10.1186/1475-2891-11-107
PubMed:
23234248
PubMed Central:
PMC3545988

12. IL- 10–induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes

Author:
Marzia Rossato; Graziella Curtale; Nicola Tamassia; Monica Castellucci; Laura Mori; Sara Gasperini; Barbara Mariotti; Mariacristina De Luca; Massimiliano Mirolo; Marco A. Cassatella; Massimo Locati; Flavia Bazzoni
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.45 pp. E3101
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 4; humans; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; messenger RNA; microRNA; monocytes; physiological regulation; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; translation (genetics); tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that, in phagocytes, negatively targets cytokine expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Posttranscriptional checkpoints also represent the specific target of a recently discovered, evolutionary conserved class of small silencing RNAs known as “microRNAs” (miRNAs), which display the peculiar function of negatively regulating mRNA p ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1209100109
PubMed:
23071313
PubMed Central:
PMC3494907

13. 15N-Labeled Brain Enables Quantification of Proteome and Phosphoproteome in Cultured Primary Neurons

Author:
Liao Lujian; Sando Richard C.; Farnum John B.; Vanderklish Peter W.; Maximov Anton; Yates John R.
Source:
Journal of Proteome Research 2012 v.11 no.2 pp. 1341-1353
ISSN:
1535-3907
Subject:
brain; models; neurons; phosphopeptides; phosphorylation; proteins; proteome; proteomics; quantitative analysis; stable isotopes; synapse; synaptic transmission
Abstract:
... Terminally differentiated primary cells represent a valuable in vitro model to study signaling events associated within a specific tissue. Quantitative proteomic methods using metabolic labeling in primary cells encounter labeling efficiency issues hindering the use of these cells. Here we developed a method to quantify the proteome and phosphoproteome of cultured neurons using ¹⁵N-labeled brain t ...
DOI:
10.1021/pr200987h
PubMed:
22070516
PubMed Central:
PMC3279198

14. 15N-Labeled Full-Length Apolipoprotein E4 as an Internal Standard for Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms

Author:
Wang Meiyao; Chen Junjun; Turko Illarion V.
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2012 v.84 no.19 pp. 8340-8344
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; alleles; amino acids; apolipoprotein E4; brain; genotype; humans; mass spectrometry; quantitative analysis; risk factors
Abstract:
... Apolipoprotein E isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) affect the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the apoE4 isoform being a major risk factor. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. ApoE isoforms vary by a single amino acid change, and it is a challenge to distinguish them on the protein level. We developed a mass spectrometry-based quantitative method uti ...
DOI:
10.1021/ac3018873
PubMed:
22931427
PubMed Central:
PMC4038910

15. 17 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for the giant water bug, Abedus herberti (Belostomatidae)

Author:
T. S. Daly-Engel; R. L. Smith; D. S. Finn; M. E. Knoderbane; I. C. Phillipsen; D. A. Lytle
Source:
Conservation genetics resources 2012 v.4 no.4 pp. 979-981
ISSN:
1877-7252
Subject:
Lethocerus americanus; alleles; aquatic habitat; climate change; evolution; groundwater; insects; loci; mating systems; microsatellite repeats
Abstract:
... The giant water bug (Abedus herberti) is a large flightless insect that is a keystone predator in aridland aquatic habitats. Extended droughts, possibly due to climate change and groundwater pumping, are causing once-perennial aquatic habitats to dry, resulting in serious conservation concern for some populations. A. herberti also exhibits exclusive male parental care, which has made it a model or ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12686-012-9687-5
PubMed:
24077753
PubMed Central:
PMC3784353

16. 1H Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Based on an Endogenous Radical

Author:
Maly Thorsten; Cui Dongtao; Griffin Robert G.; Miller Anne-Frances
Source:
Journal of physical chemistry 2012 v.116 no.24 pp. 7055-7065
ISSN:
1520-6106
Subject:
flavins; free radicals; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; organelles; physical chemistry; proteins
Abstract:
... We demonstrate a 15-fold enhancement of solid-state NMR signals via dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) based on a stable, naturally occurring radical in a protein: the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) semiquinone of flavodoxin. The line width of flavodoxin’s EPR signal suggests that the dominant DNP mechanism is the solid effect, consistent with the field-dependent DNP enhancement profile. The magnitud ...
DOI:
10.1021/jp300539j
PubMed:
22472179
PubMed Central:
PMC6010065

17. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and its analog, 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (2MD), suppress intraocular pressure in non-human primates

Author:
Galina D. Kutuzova; B’Ann T. Gabelt; Julie A. Kiland; Elizabeth A. Hennes-Beann; Paul L. Kaufman; Hector F. DeLuca
Source:
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 2012 v.518 no.1 pp. 53-60
ISSN:
0003-9861
Subject:
Primates; drainage; genes; glaucoma; hypertension; microarray technology; people; risk factors; therapeutics
Abstract:
... Ocular hypertension is the greatest known risk factor for glaucoma that affects an estimated 70million people worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the mainstay of therapy in the management of glaucoma. By means of microarray analysis, we have discovered that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25-(OH)₂D₃) regulates genes that are known to be involved in the determination of intraocular ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.abb.2011.10.022
PubMed:
22198282
PubMed Central:
PMC3390938

18. 1’-Acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits growth of human oral carcinoma xenograft in mice and potentiates cisplatin effect via proinflammatory microenvironment alterations

Author:
Lionel LA In; Norhafiza M Arshad; Halijah Ibrahim; Mohamad Nurul Azmi; Khalijah Awang; Noor Hasima Nagoor
Source:
BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2012 v.12 no.1 pp. 179
ISSN:
1472-6882
Subject:
DNA fragmentation; Western blotting; acetates; alternative medicine; apoptosis; biomarkers; body weight changes; cisplatin; clinical trials; cyclins; cytotoxicity; genes; ginger; humans; mechanism of action; mice; mouth neoplasms; squamous cell carcinoma; survival rate; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Oral cancers although preventable, possess a low five-year survival rate which has remained unchanged over the past three decades. In an attempt to find a more safe, affordable and effective treatment option, we describe here the use of 1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a component of Malaysian ginger traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. METHODS: Whether ACA can inhib ...
DOI:
10.1186/1472-6882-12-179
PubMed:
23043547
PubMed Central:
PMC3517351

19. 2,2′,3,5′,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) and Its Hydroxylated Metabolites Are Enantiomerically Enriched in Female Mice

Author:
Kania-Korwel Izabela; Barnhart Christopher D.; Stamou Marianna; Truong Kim M.; El-Komy Mohammed H. M. E.; Lein Pamela J.; Veng-Pedersen Peter; Lehmler Hans-Joachim
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2012 v.46 no.20 pp. 11393-11401
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adults; blood; brain; dose response; females; liver; metabolites; mice; neurotoxicity; polychlorinated biphenyls; subchronic exposure; tissues
Abstract:
... Epidemiological and laboratory studies link polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Several neurotoxic PCB congeners are chiral and undergo enantiomeric enrichment in mammalian species, which may modulate PCB developmental neurotoxicity. This study measures levels and enantiomeric enrichment of PCB 95 and its hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) in adu ...
DOI:
10.1021/es302810t
PubMed:
22974126
PubMed Central:
PMC3475189

20. 2,3-Hexanediols as Sex Attractants and a Female-produced Sex Pheromone for Cerambycid Beetles in the Prionine Genus Tragosoma

Author:
Ann M. Ray; James D. Barbour; J. Steven McElfresh; Jardel A. Moreira; Ian Swift; Ian M. Wright; Alenka Žunič; Robert F. Mitchell; Elizabeth E. Graham; Ronald L. Alten; Jocelyn G. Millar; Lawrence M. Hanks
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2012 v.38 no.9 pp. 1151-1158
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Cerambycidae; aggregation pheromones; bioassays; females; fresh produce; males; pheromone blends; pheromone glands; sex attractants; sex pheromones; sexual dimorphism; California
Abstract:
... Recent work suggests that closely related cerambycid species often share pheromone components, or even produce pheromone blends of identical composition. However, little is known of the pheromones of species in the subfamily Prioninae. During field bioassays in California, males of three species in the prionine genus Tragosoma were attracted to 2,3-hexanediols, common components of male-produced a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-012-0181-z
PubMed:
22923142
PubMed Central:
PMC3808253

21. The 21.5-kDa isoform of myelin basic protein has a non-traditional PY-nuclear-localization signal

Author:
Graham S.T. Smith; Lauren V. Seymour; Joan M. Boggs; George Harauz
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2012 v.422 no.4 pp. 670-675
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
actin; arginine; central nervous system; fluorescence microscopy; fluorescent proteins; genes; lysine; myelin basic protein; myelin sheath; protein transport; site-directed mutagenesis; tubulin
Abstract:
... The predominant 18.5-kDa classic myelin basic protein (MBP) is mainly responsible for compaction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, but is multifunctional, having numerous interactions with Ca²⁺-calmodulin, actin, tubulin, and SH3-domains, and can tether these proteins to a lipid membrane in vitro. The full-length 21.5-kDa MBP isoform has an additional 26 residues encoded by exon- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.051
PubMed:
22609403
PubMed Central:
PMC3526657

22. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and In Vivo Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity in Black and White Youth

Author:
Kumaravel Rajakumar; Javier de las Heras; SoJung Lee; Michael F. Holick; Silva A. Arslanian
Source:
Diabetes care 2012 v.35 no.3 pp. 627-633
ISSN:
0149-5992
Subject:
Blacks; Whites; adipose tissue; adiposity; body mass index; body measurements; fasting; glucose; homeostasis; insulin; insulin resistance; secretion; vitamin D; volunteers; youth
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and in vivo insulin sensitivity and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity, disposition index (DI), in black and white youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed in banked specimens in healthy youth aged 8 to 18 years who had existing data on hyperinsulinemic-euglycemi ...
DOI:
10.2337/dc11-1825
PubMed:
22238280
PubMed Central:
PMC3322701

23. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with fatal stroke among whites but not blacks: The NHANES-III linked mortality files

Author:
Erin D. Michos; Jared P. Reis; Wendy S. Post; Pamela L. Lutsey; Rebecca F. Gottesman; Thomas H. Mosley; A. Richey Sharrett; Michal L. Melamed
Source:
Nutrition 2012 v.28 no.4 pp. 367-371
ISSN:
0899-9007
Subject:
risk factors; regression analysis; confidence interval; socioeconomic status; Whites; stroke; vitamin deficiencies; Blacks; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; mortality; adults; United States
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: Deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. 25(OH)D deficiency and stroke are more prevalent in blacks. We examined whether low 25(OH)D contributes to the excess risk of fatal stroke in blacks compared with whites. METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a probability sample of U.S. ci ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.nut.2011.10.015
PubMed:
22261577
PubMed Central:
PMC3304002

24. 26S Proteasome regulation of Ankrd1/CARP in adult rat ventricular myocytes and human microvascular endothelial cells

Author:
Susan E. Samaras; Billy Chen; Stephen R. Koch; Douglas B. Sawyer; Chee Chew Lim; Jeffrey M. Davidson
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2012 v.425 no.4 pp. 830-835
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
proteasome endopeptidase complex; messenger RNA; tissue repair; endothelial cells; humans; muscles; sarcomeres; proteolysis; rats; adults; half life
Abstract:
... Ankyrin repeat domain 1 protein (Ankrd1), also known as cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), increases dramatically after tissue injury, and its overexpression improves aspects of wound healing. Reports that Ankrd1/CARP protein stability may affect cardiovascular organization, together with our findings that the protein is crucial to stability of the cardiomyocyte sarcomere and increased in woun ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.162
PubMed:
22892129
PubMed Central:
PMC3460693

25. The 27–year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes

Author:
Glenn De’ath; Katharina E. Fabricius; Hugh Sweatman; Marji Puotinen
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.44 pp. 17995-17999
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Acanthaster planci; bleaching; climatic factors; control methods; coral bleaching; coral reefs; corals; hurricanes; mortality; predation; surveys; temporal variation; time series analysis; water quality; Great Barrier Reef
Abstract:
... The world’s coral reefs are being degraded, and the need to reduce local pressures to offset the effects of increasing global pressures is now widely recognized. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of coral cover, identifies the main drivers of coral mortality, and quantifies the rates of potential recovery of the Great Barrier Reef. Based on the world’s most extensive time s ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1208909109
PubMed:
23027961
PubMed Central:
PMC3497744

26. The 2b proteins of Cucumber mosaic virus generally have the potential to differentially induce necrosis on Arabidopsis

Author:
Chikara Masuta; Jun-ichi Inaba; Hanako Shimura
Source:
Plant signaling & behavior 2012 v.7 no.1 pp. 43-45
ISSN:
1559-2324
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Cucumber mosaic virus; RNA interference; catalase; enzyme activity; hydrogen peroxide; necrosis; proteins; sequence homology; virulent strains
Abstract:
... Plant viral symptoms are rarely explained by direct molecular interaction between a viral protein and a host factor, but rather understood as a consequence of arms race between host RNA silencing and viral silencing suppressors. However, we have recently demonstrated that the 2b protein (2b) of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) HL strain could bind to Arabidopsis catalase that is important in scavenging ...
DOI:
10.4161/psb.7.1.18526
PubMed:
22301966
PubMed Central:
PMC3357366

27. 3-Helix Micelles Stabilized by Polymer Springs

Author:
Dong He; Shu Jessica Y.; Dube Nikhil; Ma Yufei; Tirrell Matthew V.; Downing Kenneth H.; Xu Ting
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 v.134 no.28 pp. 11807-11814
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
chemical bonding; colloids; deformation; desorption; energy; hydrophilicity; micelles; nanocarriers; particle size; polyethylene glycol
Abstract:
... Despite increasing demands to employ amphiphilic micelles as nanocarriers and nanoreactors, it remains a significant challenge to simultaneously reduce the particle size and enhance the particle stability. Complementary to covalent chemical bonding and attractive intermolecular interactions, entropic repulsion can be incorporated by rational design in the headgroup of an amphiphile to generate sma ...
DOI:
10.1021/ja3048128
PubMed:
22731391
PubMed Central:
PMC4186246

28. IL- 33 is processed into mature bioactive forms by neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G

Author:
Emma Lefrançais; Stephane Roga; Violette Gautier; Anne Gonzalez-de-Peredo; Bernard Monsarrat; Jean-Philippe Girard; Corinne Cayrol
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.5 pp. 1673-1678
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
asthma; basophils; bioactive properties; cardiovascular diseases; caspase-1; cathepsin G; colitis; elastase; eosinophils; humans; inflammation; interleukin-1; interleukin-18; lymphocytes; mast cells; mice; neutrophils; rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract:
... Interleukin-33 (IL-33) (NF-HEV) is a chromatin-associated nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family, which has been linked to important diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and cardiovascular diseases. IL-33 signals through the ST2 receptor and drives cytokine production in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) (natural helper cells, nuocytes), T-helper (Th)2 lymphocytes ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1115884109
PubMed:
22307629
PubMed Central:
PMC3277172

29. IL- 38 binds to the IL-36 receptor and has biological effects on immune cells similar to IL-36 receptor antagonist

Author:
Frank L. van de Veerdonk; Angela K. Stoeckman; Gouping Wu; Aaron N. Boeckermann; Tania Azam; Mihai G. Netea; Leo A. B. Joosten; Jos W. M. van der Meer; Ruyi Hao; Vassili Kalabokis; Charles A. Dinarello
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.8 pp. 3001-3005
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Candida albicans; amino acids; antagonists; dendritic cells; humans; interleukin-1; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; mononuclear leukocytes
Abstract:
... The functional role of IL-1 family member 10, recently renamed IL-38, remains unknown. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the biological function of IL-38 and to identify its receptor. Heat-killed Candida albicans was used to stimulate memory T-lymphocyte cytokine production in freshly obtained human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects. The addition of recombinant IL-3 ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1121534109
PubMed:
22315422
PubMed Central:
PMC3286950

30. 3D imaging and mechanical modeling of helical buckling in Medicago truncatula plant roots

Author:
Jesse L. Silverberg; Roslyn D. Noar; Michael S. Packer; Maria J. Harrison; Christopher L. Henley; Itai Cohen; Sharon J. Gerbode
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.42 pp. 16794-16799
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Medicago truncatula; culture media; deformation; gels; hydrocolloids; image analysis; mathematical models; root growth; roots
Abstract:
... We study the primary root growth of wild-type Medicago truncatula plants in heterogeneous environments using 3D time-lapse imaging. The growth medium is a transparent hydrogel consisting of a stiff lower layer and a compliant upper layer. We find that the roots deform into a helical shape just above the gel layer interface before penetrating into the lower layer. This geometry is interpreted as a ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1209287109
PubMed:
23010923
PubMed Central:
PMC3479456

31. A 3D localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the study of trivalent arsenic binding to the ArsA ATPase

Author:
Chang Liu; Vittoria Balsamo; Dali Sun; Melodie Naja; Xuemei Wang; Barry Rosen; Chen-Zhong Li
Source:
Biosensors & bioelectronics 2012 v.38 no.1 pp. 19-26
ISSN:
0956-5663
Subject:
Escherichia coli; acrylic acid; adenosine triphosphate; adenosinetriphosphatase; arsenic; arsenites; binding sites; biosensors; magnesium; nanogold; operon; plasmids; protein subunits; proteins; surface plasmon resonance
Abstract:
... A self-assembled 3D hydrogel–nanoparticle composite integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is reported here. The novel assembled substrate was developed by means of a surface mediated radical co-polymerization process to obtain a highly sensitive hydrogel-based thin film that possesses specific binding sites for target analytes. Initially, amino group modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.026
PubMed:
22658909
PubMed Central:
PMC3715140

32. 3D superhydrophobic electrospun meshes as reinforcement materials for sustained local drug delivery against colorectal cancer cells

Author:
Stefan T. Yohe; Victoria L.M. Herrera; Yolonda L. Colson; Mark W. Grinstaff
Source:
Journal of controlled release 2012 v.162 no.1 pp. 92-101
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
air; antineoplastic agents; colorectal neoplasms; cytotoxicity; drug therapy; glycerol; humans; hydrophobicity; mechanical properties; neoplasm cells; polymers; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... In this work we expand upon a recently reported local drug delivery device, where air is used as a degradable component of our material to control drug release (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2016–2019). We consider its potential use as a drug loaded strip to provide both mechanical stability to the anastomosis, and as a means to release drug locally over prolonged periods for prevention of locoregi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.047
PubMed:
22684120
PubMed Central:
PMC3878861

33. 4-Hydroxynonenal differentially regulates adiponectin gene expression and secretion via activating PPARγ and accelerating ubiquitin–proteasome degradation

Author:
Zhigang Wang; Xiaobing Dou; Dongfang Gu; Chen Shen; Tong Yao; Van Nguyen; Carol Braunschweig; Zhenyuan Song
Source:
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2012 v.349 no.2 pp. 222-231
ISSN:
0303-7207
Subject:
adipocytes; adiponectin; adipose tissue; antagonists; antioxidants; betaine; cycloheximide; dose response; gene expression; high fat diet; insulin resistance; lipid peroxidation; metabolic diseases; mice; obesity; oxidative stress; precipitin tests; proteasome endopeptidase complex; protein degradation; secretion
Abstract:
... Although well-established, the underlying mechanisms involved in obesity-related plasma adiponectin decline remain elusive. Oxidative stress is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and considered to contribute to the progression toward obesity-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), the most abundant lipid peroxidation end prod ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.027
PubMed:
22085560
PubMed Central:
PMC3594100

34. 4-O-methylation of glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis glucuronoxylan is catalyzed by a domain of unknown function family 579 protein

Author:
Breeanna R. Urbanowicz; Maria J. Peña; Supriya Ratnaparkhe; Utku Avci; Jason Backe; Heather F. Steet; Marcus Foston; Hongjia Li; Malcolm A. O’Neill; Arthur J. Ragauskas; Alan G. Darvill; Charles Wyman; Harry J. Gilbert; William S. York
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.35 pp. 14253-14258
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
physical properties; glucuronic acid; Arabidopsis; cobalt; proteins; xylan; biopolymers; cell walls; biochemical mechanisms; hot water treatment; lignin; methyltransferases; Golgi apparatus
Abstract:
... The hemicellulose 4- O -methyl glucuronoxylan is one of the principle components present in the secondary cell walls of eudicotyledonous plants. However, the biochemical mechanisms leading to the formation of this polysaccharide and the effects of modulating its structure on the physical properties of the cell wall are poorly understood. We have identified and functionally characterized an Arabido ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1208097109
PubMed:
22893684
PubMed Central:
PMC3435161

35. 470-Million-year-old black corals from China

Author:
Andrzej Baliński; Yuanlin Sun; Jerzy Dzik
Source:
Naturwissenschaften 2012 v.99 no.8 pp. 645-653
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
Anthozoa; chitin; corals; fossils; phylogeny; prediction; China
Abstract:
... Phosphatic (possibly secondarily phosphatised) remains of antipatharian coralla, previously unknown in the fossil record, occur abundantly in the early Ordovician Fenxiang Formation in the Hubei Province, southern China. Probably two species (and genera) are represented, which differ in spinosity of branches. The more spinose one, Sinopathes reptans, has its lateral spines bearing regular, longitu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-012-0947-8
PubMed:
22790835
PubMed Central:
PMC3407557

36. 5-Carboxylcytosine is localized to euchromatic regions in the nuclei of follicular cells in axolotl ovary

Author:
Anthony Alioui; Lee M. Wheldon; Abdulkadir Abakir; Zoltan Ferjentsik; Andrew D. Johnson; Alexey Ruzov
Source:
Nucleus 2012 v.3 no.6 pp. 565-569
ISSN:
1949-1042
Subject:
5-methylcytosine; demethylation; epigenetics; genes; mice
Abstract:
... 5-Methylcytosine (5-mC) is an epigenetic modification associated with gene repression. Recent studies demonstrated that 5-mC can be enzymatically oxidised into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further into 5-formylcytosine (5-fC) and 5-carboxylcytsine (5-caC). 5-caC has been found in embryonic stem cells and in mouse pre-implantation embryos but no detectable levels of this modification have been repor ...
DOI:
10.4161/nucl.22799
PubMed:
23138778
PubMed Central:
PMC3515539

37. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine – the elusive epigenetic mark in mammalian DNA

Author:
Edita Kriukienė; Zita Liutkevičiūtė; Saulius Klimašauskas
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2012 v.41 no.21 pp. 6916-6930
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
DNA; DNA demethylation; DNA methylation; brain; cell differentiation; embryogenesis; embryonic stem cells; epigenetics; genome; human diseases; humans; iron; mice; neurons; nucleobases; oxygenases
Abstract:
... Over the past decade, epigenetic phenomena claimed a central role in cell regulatory processes and proved to be important factors for understanding complex human diseases. One of the best understood epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation. In the mammalian genome, cytosines (C) were long known to exist in two functional states: unmethylated or methylated at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring ( ...
DOI:
10.1039/c2cs35104h
PubMed:
22842880
PubMed Central:
PMC3467341

38. 500,000 fish phenotypes: The new informatics landscape for evolutionary and developmental biology of the vertebrate skeleton

Author:
P. Mabee; J. P. Balhoff; W. M. Dahdul; H. Lapp; P. E. Midford; T. J. Vision; M. Westerfield
Source:
Journal of applied ichthyology 2012 v.28 no.3 pp. 300-305
ISSN:
0175-8659
Subject:
Danio rerio; evolution; fish; genes; landscapes; phenotype; skeleton
Abstract:
... The rich phenotypic diversity that characterizes the vertebrate skeleton results from evolutionary changes in regulation of genes that drive development. Although relatively little is known about the genes that underlie the skeletal variation among fish species, significant knowledge of genetics and development is available for zebrafish. Because developmental processes are highly conserved, this ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01985.x
PubMed:
22736877
PubMed Central:
PMC3377363

39. A 54-Kilodalton Protein Encoded by pBtoxis Is Required for Parasporal Body Structural Integrity in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Author:
Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza; Dennis K. Bideshi; Brian A. Federici
Source:
Journal of bacteriology 2012 v.194 no.6 pp. 1562-1571
ISSN:
0021-9193
Subject:
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis; cytoplasm; endospores; endotoxins; fluorescence microscopy; gene expression; insect larvae; molecular biology; peptides; plasmids; proteins; proteomics; sporulation; toxicity
Abstract:
... Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis such as B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ONR-60A) and B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (PG-14) pathogenic for mosquito larvae produce a complex parasporal body consisting of several protein endotoxins synthesized during sporulation that form an aggregate of crystalline inclusions bound together by a multilamellar fibrous matrix. Most studies of these strains ...
DOI:
10.1128/JB.06095-11
PubMed:
22210770
PubMed Central:
PMC3294862

40. 5′-Terminal chemical capping of spliced leader RNAs

Author:
Karolina Piecyk; Richard E. Davis; Marzena Jankowska-Anyszka
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2012 v.53 no.36 pp. 4843-4847
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
Nematoda; biotin; chemical reactions; chemical structure; messenger RNA; mutants; nucleotides; organic compounds; trans-splicing; translation (genetics)
Abstract:
... Spliced leader (SL) RNA trans-splicing adds a N²,N²,7-trimethylguanosine cap (TMG) and a 22-nucleotide sequence, the SL, to the 5′ end of mRNAs. Both non-trans-spliced with a monomethylguanosine cap (MMG) and trans-spliced mRNAs co-exist in trans-splicing metazoan cells. Efficient translation of TMG-capped mRNAs in nematodes requires a defined core of nucleotides within the SL sequence. Here we pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.127
PubMed:
23175583
PubMed Central:
PMC3501006

41. 5′UTR-intron of the Gladiolus polyubiquitin promoter GUBQ1 enhances translation efficiency in Gladiolus and Arabidopsis

Author:
Kathryn Kamo; Ah-Young Kim; Se Hee Park; Young Hee Joung
Source:
BMC Plant Biology 2012 v.12 no. pp. 79-88
ISSN:
1471-2229
Subject:
5' untranslated regions; Arabidopsis thaliana; Gladiolus; Southern blotting; beta-glucuronidase; gene expression; genetic transformation; introns; leaves; promoter regions; reporter genes; roots; transgenic plants; translation (genetics); ubiquitin
Abstract:
... There are many non-cereal monocots of agronomic, horticultural, and biofuel importance. Successful transformation of these species requires an understanding of factors controlling expression of their genes. Introns have been known to affect both the level and tissue-specific expression of genes in dicots and cereal monocots, but there have been no studies on an intron isolated from a non-cereal mo ...
Handle:
10113/56980
DOI:
10.1186/1471-2229-12-79
PubMed:
22672685
PubMed Central:
PMC3406973

42. The 60-Kilodalton Protein Encoded by orf2 in the cry19A Operon of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan Functions Like a C-Terminal Crystallization Domain

Author:
J. Eleazar Barboza-Corona; Hyun-Woo Park; Dennis K. Bideshi; Brian A. Federici
Source:
Applied and environmental microbiology 2012 v.78 no.6 pp. 2005-2012
ISSN:
0099-2240
Subject:
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan; Culex quinquefasciatus; amino acid sequences; bioassays; crystallization; crystals; larvae; operon; proteins; sequence analysis; toxicity
Abstract:
... The cry19A operon of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan encodes two proteins, mosquitocidal Cry19A (ORF1; 75 kDa) and an ORF2 (60 kDa) of unknown function. Expression of the cry19A operon in an acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis (4Q7) yielded one small crystal per cell, whereas no crystals were produced when cry19A or orf2 was expressed alone. To determine the function of the ORF2 p ...
DOI:
10.1128/AEM.06750-11
PubMed:
22247140
PubMed Central:
PMC3298145

43. 6′-Oxa analogs of S-adenosylhomocysteine

Author:
Weikuan Li; Wei Ye; Stewart W. Schneller
Source:
Tetrahedron 2012 v.68 no.1 pp. 65-71
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
S-adenosylmethionine; chemical structure; methylation
Abstract:
... S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is a ubiquitous cofactor in biomethylations and, in that role, becomes S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), which serves as a biofeedback inhibitor of the methylation process. In seeking to avail unexplored structural variations of AdoHcy for biological studies, its 6′-oxa analog and two corresponding carbocyclic nucleosides (based on aristeromycin and neplanocin) have be ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.063
PubMed:
22489098
PubMed Central:
PMC3320718

44. IL- 7 receptor blockade reverses autoimmune diabetes by promoting inhibition of effector/memory T cells

Author:
Cristina Penaranda; Wilson Kuswanto; Jerry Hofmann; Rupert Kenefeck; Parth Narendran; Lucy S. K. Walker; Jeffrey A. Bluestone; Abul K. Abbas; Hans Dooms
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.31 pp. 12668-12673
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; animal disease models; autoimmune diseases; autoimmunity; death; diabetes mellitus; interferon-gamma; interleukin-7; mice; monoclonal antibodies; pathogenesis; therapeutics
Abstract:
... To protect the organism against autoimmunity, self-reactive effector/memory T cells (T E/M) are controlled by cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulatory mechanisms. However, how some T E/M cells escape regulation and cause autoimmune disease is currently not understood. Here we show that blocking IL-7 receptor-α (IL-7Rα) with monoclonal antibodies in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice prevented autoimmune ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1203692109
PubMed:
22733744
PubMed Central:
PMC3411948

45. 7,8,3′-Trihydroxyflavone, a potent small molecule TrkB receptor agonist, protects spiral ganglion neurons from degeneration both in vitro and in vivo

Author:
Qing Yu; Qing Chang; Xia Liu; Shusheng Gong; Keqiang Ye; Xi Lin
Source:
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2012 v.422 no.3 pp. 387-392
ISSN:
0006-291X
Subject:
agonists; ears; ganglia; hearing disorders; mice; neurons; receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
Abstract:
... Most sensorineural hearing loss cases occur as a result of hair cell loss, which results in secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Substantial loss of SGNs reduces the benefit of cochlear implants, which rely on SGNs for transmitting signals to the central auditory centers. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) play essential roles in cochlear develo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.154
PubMed:
22575512
PubMed Central:
PMC3388121

46. The 70S ribosome modulates the ATPase activity of Escherichia coli YchF

Author:
Marion Becker; Katherine E. Gzyl; Alvin M. Altamirano; Anthony Vuong; Kirstin Urbahn; Hans-Joachim Wieden
Source:
RNA biology 2012 v.9 no.10 pp. 1288-1301
ISSN:
1555-8584
Subject:
Escherichia coli; RNA; adenosinetriphosphatase; catalytic activity; fluorescence; guanine nucleotides; guanosinetriphosphatase; humans; ribosomes
Abstract:
... YchF is one of two universally conserved GTPases with unknown cellular function. As a first step toward elucidating YchF’s cellular role, we performed a detailed biochemical characterization of the protein from Escherichia coli. Our data from fluorescence titrations not only confirmed the surprising finding that YchFE.cₒₗᵢ binds adenine nucleotides more efficiently than guanine nucleotides, but al ...
DOI:
10.4161/rna.22131
PubMed:
22995830
PubMed Central:
PMC3583859

47. 9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings

Author:
Friedhelm Steinhilber; Jose A. Abreu; Jürg Beer; Irene Brunner; Marcus Christl; Hubertus Fischer; Ulla Heikkilä; Peter W. Kubik; Mathias Mann; Ken G. McCracken; Heinrich Miller; Hiroko Miyahara; Hans Oerter; Frank Wilhelms
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.16 pp. 5967-5971
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
climate; greenhouse gases; growth rings; ice; principal component analysis; radionuclides; solar radiation; temporal variation; volcanoes; Antarctica; Greenland
Abstract:
... Understanding the temporal variation of cosmic radiation and solar activity during the Holocene is essential for studies of the solar-terrestrial relationship. Cosmic-ray produced radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C which are stored in polar ice cores and tree rings, offer the unique opportunity to reconstruct the history of cosmic radiation and solar activity over many millennia. Although records ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1118965109
PubMed:
22474348
PubMed Central:
PMC3341045

48. 9-Mercaptodethiobiotin Is Generated as a Ligand to the [2Fe–2S]+ Cluster during the Reaction Catalyzed by Biotin Synthase from Escherichia coli

Author:
Fugate Corey J.; Stich Troy A.; Kim Esther G.; Myers William K.; Britt R. David; Jarrett Joseph T.
Source:
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012 v.134 no.22 pp. 9042-9045
ISSN:
1520-5126
Subject:
Escherichia coli; S-adenosylmethionine; biotin synthase; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; free radicals; hydrogen; isotope labeling; ligands; models; sulfur
Abstract:
... Biotin synthase catalyzes formation of the thiophane ring through stepwise substitution of a sulfur atom for hydrogen atoms at the C9 and C6 positions of dethiobiotin. Biotin synthase is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme that reductively cleaves S-adenosylmethionine, generating 5′-deoxyadenosyl radicals that initially abstract a hydrogen atom from the C9 position of dethiobiotin. We have ...
DOI:
10.1021/ja3012963
PubMed:
22607542
PubMed Central:
PMC3418058

49. An A/ENTH Domain-Containing Protein Functions as an Adaptor for Clathrin-Coated Vesicles on the Growing Cell Plate in Arabidopsis Root Cells

Author:
Kyungyoung Song; Mihue Jang; Soo Youn Kim; Goeun Lee; Gil-Je Lee; Dae Heon Kim; Yongjik Lee; Wonhwa Cho; Inhwan Hwang
Source:
Plant physiology 2012 v.159 no.3 pp. 1013-1025
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; cell walls; clathrin; cytokinesis; endosomes; mitosis; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Cytokinesis is the process of partitioning the cytoplasm of a dividing cell, thereby completing mitosis. Cytokinesis in the plant cell is achieved by the formation of a new cell wall between daughter nuclei using components carried in Golgi-derived vesicles that accumulate at the midplane of the phragmoplast and fuse to form the cell plate. Proteins that play major roles in the development of the ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.112.199380
PubMed:
22635117
PubMed Central:
PMC3387690

50. AAA ATPase p97/VCP is essential for TRIM21-mediated virus neutralization

Author:
Felix Hauler; Donna L. Mallery; William A. McEwan; Susanna R. Bidgood; Leo C. James
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.48 pp. 19733-19738
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
adenosinetriphosphatase; antibodies; capsid; immunity; immunoglobulin G; neutralization; neutralization tests; proteasome endopeptidase complex; virion; viruses
Abstract:
... Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic IgG receptor that mediates intracellular virus neutralization by antibody. TRIM21 targets virions for destruction in the proteasome, but it is unclear how a substrate as large as a viral capsid is degraded. Here, we identify the ATPase p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP), an enzyme with segregase and unfoldase activity, as a key player in thi ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1210659109
PubMed:
23091005
PubMed Central:
PMC3511720