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1. "Biomolchem": a tool to assess the defense status of grapevines after stimulations or not of cultivar or resistant genotypes, from genes to the field

Author:
Corio-Costet, M.F.; Dufour, M.C.; Cluzet, S.; Lambert, C.; Merdinoglu, D.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 no.1009 pp. 53-60
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
Plasmopara viticola; Uncinula necator; Vitis; biosynthesis; cultivars; downy mildew; elicitors; field experimentation; gene overexpression; genes; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; leaves; pathogens; pesticides; phosphonates; phytoalexins; resveratrol; tryptophan; vineyards
Abstract:
... Stimulating plant defenses or resistant plant varieties is promising as an alternative method for limiting pesticide use in agriculture. To assess the defense status of the grapevine we have developed a triple approach called “BioMolChem”. The biological tests measure the efficacy of grapevine defenses against two major biotrophic pathogens (Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola). Molecular assays ...

2. "Cryptic" direct benefits of mate choice: choosy females experience reduced predation risk while in precopula

Author:
Rickey D. Cothran; Kristopher Chapman; Andy R. Stiff; Rick A. Relyea
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2012 v.66 no.6 pp. 905-913
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Amphipoda; Anisoptera (Odonata); biodiversity; biological production; evolution; fecundity; females; fish; males; predation; progeny; risk
Abstract:
... Despite the central role that female mate choice plays in the production of biological diversity, controversy remains concerning its evolution and maintenance. This is particularly true in systems where females are choosy but do not receive obvious direct benefits such as nuptial gifts that increase a female's survival and fecundity. In the absence of such direct benefits, indirect benefits (i.e., ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-012-1339-y

3. "Energy Sustainable Greenhouse" project: reduction of energy consumption and energy storage in aquifer

Author:
Grisey, A.; Brajeul, E.; Tisiot, R.; Rosso, L.; D'amaral, F.; Schueller, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 v. no.952 pp. 509-514
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
air conditioning; aquifers; energy; energy costs; fuels; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouses; growers; humidity; labor; prices; solar energy; viability
Abstract:
... In the current context of predicted shortage of fossil energies, fuel prices are rising drastically. Energy costs are the second largest item in the budget (from 25 to 40% of total costs) for French heated greenhouse growers, after labour. Their economic viability is threatened. Moreover, the increasing awareness of environmental preoccupations (greenhouse gas emissions for example) has to be cons ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.952.64

4. "Evolution Canyon," a potential microscale monitor of global warming across life

Author:
Eviatar Nevo
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 v.109 no.8 pp. 2960-2965
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila; bacteria; biodiversity; drought; extinction; fungi; global warming; heat; mammals; microclimate; models; photosynthesis; prediction; shrublands; solar radiation; sympatric speciation; viruses; Israel
Abstract:
... Climatic change and stress is a major driving force of evolution. The effects of climate change on living organisms have been shown primarily on regional and global scales. Here I propose the "Evolution Canyon" (EC) microscale model as a potential life monitor of global warming in Israel and the rest of the world. The EC model reveals evolution in action at a microscale involving biodiversity dive ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1120633109
PubMed:
22308456
PubMed Central:
PMC3286920

5. "In Want of Nourishment for to Keep Them Alive": Climate Fluctuations, Bison Scarcity, and the Smallpox Epidemic of 1780–82 on the Northern Great Plains

Author:
Adam R. Hodge
Source:
Environmental history 2012 v.17 no.2 pp. 365-403
ISSN:
1084-5453
Subject:
bison; climate; disease outbreaks; food shortages; grasslands; infectious diseases; migratory behavior; starvation; Great Plains region; Missouri
Abstract:
... Native American groups sustained appalling population losses when smallpox swept the northern Great Plains from 1780 to 1782. Although the epidemic struck the semisedentary villagers of the upper Missouri the hardest, it also ravaged migratory bison-hunting societies that were theoretically less prone to sustaining such heavy losses to Old World infectious diseases. This study asks why smallpox sp ...
DOI:
10.1093/envhis/emr153

6. "Virtual fruit" a process-based model of fruit quality: concepts and usefulness

Author:
Génard, M.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 no.957 pp. -
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
algorithms; environmental factors; ethylene production; fruit quality; fruits; ideotypes; models; mutation; sugars; system optimization
Abstract:
... Fruit quality is a multi-criteria concept that is difficult to consider in modelling. It is clear that all the processes involved in the quality of fruits cannot be integrated in biological models. But some degree of complexity is needed to consider quality and the effect of environment. We are just beginning to investigate this complexity. The complexity comes from both regulations and interactio ...

7. "tet(U)" Is Not a Tetracycline Resistance Determinant

Author:
Jamie A. Caryl; Georgina Cox; Stefan Trimble; Alex J. O'Neill
Source:
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2012 v.56 no.6 pp. 3378-3379
ISSN:
0066-4804
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; bacterial proteins; bioinformatics; genes; plasmids; resistance mechanisms; tetracycline
Abstract:
... The enterococcal plasmid pKQ10 has been reported to carry a poorly characterized tetracycline resistance determinant designated tet(U). However, in a series of studies intended to further characterize this determinant, we have been unable to substantiate the claim that tet(U) confers resistance to tetracyclines. In line with these results, bioinformatic analysis provides compelling evidence that " ...
DOI:
10.1128/AAC.05957-11
PubMed:
22491689
PubMed Central:
PMC3370814

8. γδ-TCR+ CD2– lymphocytes are recruited into bovine mammary gland after stimulation

Author:
M. Faldyna; L. Leva; Z. Sladek; D. Rysanek; M. Toman
Source:
Veterinární medicína v.51 no.5 pp. 258-264
ISSN:
0375-8427
Subject:
dipeptides; flow cytometry; mammary glands; neutrophils
Abstract:
... γδ-T-Cell Receptor (TCR) lymphocytes were detected in mammary gland lavages collected from 10 clinically healthy virgin heifers before and after intramammary stimulation with synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogue. Using two-colour flow cytometry, CD2+ and CD2– subsets of γδ-TCR lymphocytes were analyzed. CD2+ γδ-TCR lymphocy ...
DOI:
10.17221/5545-vetmed

9.   A comparison of macro- and microelement concentrations in the whole grain of four Triticum species

Author:
E. Suchowilska; M. Wiwart; W. Kandler; R. Krska
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 141-147
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum; Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon; cultivars; discriminant analysis; soil; spring; wheat; whole grain foods
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of five macro- and fifteen microelements in the whole grain of spring lines of emmer, einkorn, spelt and two common wheat cultivars, all grown under identical environmental conditions. All elements were determined by ICP-SFMS analysis. The studied Triticum species differed significantly with respect to the concentrations of P, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, ...
DOI:
10.17221/688/2011-pse

10.   Agri-food exports in the enlarged European Union

Author:
A. Antimiani; A. Carbone; V. Costantini; R. Henke
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.8 pp. 354-366
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; exports; markets; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Poland; Romania
Abstract:
...   This paper explores the agri-food export dynamics in the New Member States and the Old Member States of the European Union during the enlargement process. The analysis relies on two different approaches based on the similarity and the sophistication indices of exported goods using a disaggregation at 95 items. The analysis shows that different and somehow divergent paths are in place. On th ...
DOI:
10.17221/145/2011-agricecon

11.   Agroenvironmental management system – a technique for increasing the natural value of agroecosystems

Author:
P. Marada; L. Křikava; K. Kutlvašr; P. Sláma
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 201-212
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
agricultural landscapes; agricultural policy; agroecosystems; biodiversity; farms; groundwater; management systems; soil fertility; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Agriculture in the Czech Republic plays an important role in the degradation of individual components of the environment. Reduction of soil fertility, contamination of surface- and groundwater, reduction of biodiversity and damage caused by it are proven. The agrarian landscape does not provide the appropriate ecosystem functions. It is not attractive for life of the inhabitants of rural areas, an ...
DOI:
10.17221/38/2012-agricecon

12.   Antioxidative mechanisms on selenium accumulation in Pteris vittata L., a potential selenium phytoremediation plant

Author:
R.W. Feng; C.Y. Wei
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 105-110
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Pteris vittata; antioxidants; arsenic; ascorbate peroxidase; biomass; catalase; environment; enzyme activity; glutathione; glutathione-disulfide reductase; hyperaccumulators; malondialdehyde; peroxidase; phytoremediation; selenites; selenium; soil; superoxide dismutase; toxicity
Abstract:
... Selenium (Se) contamination due to industrial activities has received increasing concerns. Phytoremediation has been suggested to be an efficient and feasible way to remove Se from Se-contaminated environment. Recently, an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese Brake fern) was found to be a Se accumulator. This study was carried out to investigate Se accumulation mechanisms conce ...
DOI:
10.17221/162/2011-pse

13.   Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves photosynthesis and water status of Zea mays L. under drought stress

Author:
X.C. Zhu; F.B. Song; S.Q. Liu; T.D. Liu; X. Zhou
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 186-191
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Zea mays; chlorophyll; corn; environment; fluorescence; gas exchange; photochemistry; photosystem II; pot culture; sand; soil; stomatal conductance; toxicity; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; water content; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... The influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence and water status of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were studied in pot culture under well-watered and drought stress conditions. The maize plants were grown in a sand and black soil mixture for 4 weeks, and then exposed to drought stress for 4 weeks. Drought stress signific ...
DOI:
10.17221/23/2011-pse

14.   Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with citrus orchards under different types of soil management, southern China

Author:
P. Wang; J.J. Zhang; B. Shu; R.X. Xia
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 302-308
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Acaulosporaceae; Citrus; Claroideoglomus etunicatum; Gigasporaceae; Glomus aggregatum; Pacisporaceae; community structure; dominant species; environment; herbicides; hyphae; no-tillage; orchards; oxen; pH; phosphorus; soil; soil organic matter; species richness; spores; straw; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae; China
Abstract:
... Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in sod culture (SC), straw mulching (NM), and herbicide treated and no-tillage (NH) citrus orchards, respectively. The highest total colonization rate (39.47%) and hyphal length density (1.15 m/g soil) were found in SC, the highest spore numbers (1024 spores/100 g soil) in NM, while the lowest ones (31.50%, 0.94 m/g soil and 719 spores ...
DOI:
10.17221/676/2011-pse

15.   Biological nitrogen fixation of Biserrula pelecinus L. under water deficit

Author:
C.S.L. Vicente; M.A. Pérez-Fernández; G. Pereira; M.M. Tavares-de-Sousa
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 360-366
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Biserrula pelecinus; Mesorhizobium ciceri; aboveground biomass; drought; environment; leaves; nitrogen content; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; root systems; soil; surface area; water stress
Abstract:
... The present work studied the effects of water deficiency conditions on the biological nitrogen fixation of three native rhizobia (SafPt12, SafPt6, and AjuPt16) isolated from Biserrula pelecinus L., and a reference strain Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae. In terms of plant-water status, B. pelecinus showed typical signs of drought avoidance strategies such as reducing the aboveground developm ...
DOI:
10.17221/786/2011-pse

16.   Bioprotection against Gaeumannomyces graminis in barley a comparison between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author:
V. Castellanos-Morales; R. Cárdenas-Navarro; J.M. García-Garrido; A. Illana; J.A. Ocampo; S. Steinkellner; H. Vierheilig
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.6 pp. 256-261
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; Gigaspora; Glomus mosseae; Rhizophagus intraradices; barley; environment; pathogens; root diseases; soil; take-all disease; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici causes take-all disease, the most important root disease of cereal plants. Cereal plants are able to form a symbiotic association with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which can provide bioprotection against soil-borne fungal pathogens. However, the bioprotective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against soil-borne fungal pathogens might vary. In th ...
DOI:
10.17221/622/2011-pse

17.   Calcium regulates K+/Na+ homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline conditions

Author:
G.Q. Wu; S.M. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 121-127
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Oryza sativa; absorption; calcium; cations; environment; homeostasis; rice; salinity; salt stress; soil
Abstract:
... To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on cation accumulation and K+/Na+ selectivity, in this study, two-week-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were exposed to 25 or 125 mmol/L NaCl with or without 10 mmol/L CaCl2. At low salinity (25 mmol/L NaCl), Ca2+ significantly decreased Na+ accumulation in roots, increased K+ accumulat ...
DOI:
10.17221/374/2011-pse

18.   Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates

Author:
T.C.V. Do; H.W. Scherer
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 459-464
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Lolium perenne; biogas; composts; environment; environmental impact; nutrient uptake; peat; perlite; plant growth; salt concentration; soil
Abstract:
... Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an exp ...
DOI:
10.17221/445/2012-pse

19.   Consumers’ perceptions of food risk management quality: Chinese and Korean evaluations

Author:
R.B. Kim
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.1 pp. 10-20
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
consumer protection; food safety; issues and policy; models; risk; risk assessment; risk management; surveys; China; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Risks, including food risks, are found to be different between the perceptions of ‘experts’ and consumers, thus understanding the potential difference in the perceptions of the effective food risk management (FRM) between consumers and experts is important in developing effective FRM strategies. This information enables policy makers to integrate societal concerns and values into risk ...
DOI:
10.17221/178/2010-agricecon

20.   Development of agricultural trade and competitiveness of the commodity structures of individual countries of the Visegrad Group

Author:
M. Svatoš; L. Smutka
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 222-238
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; agricultural trade; markets; territoriality; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia
Abstract:
... The paper analyzes the development of the value, commodity and territorial structure and competitiveness of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group in 1993–2008. Over the years, there has been a sharp increase not only to the volume, but also to the value of the traded agricultural products. The territorial structure of both exports and imports has narrowed to a decisive ex ...
DOI:
10.17221/51/2011-agricecon

21.   Disparities in the utilisation of production factors in the agriculture of Slovakia and of the European Union

Author:
M. Grznár; Ľ. Szabo
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.2 pp. 49-55
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; agricultural productivity; business management; Slovakia
Abstract:
... The paper deals with the place of Slovak agriculture in the European Union and with the implementation of the strategy of the competitiveness growth of Slovak agrarian producers. The paper compares the disparities in the utilisation of production factors with the selected EU countries, identifies the causes of unfavourable position of Slovakia’s agriculture and also describes some impac ...
DOI:
10.17221/96/2011-agricecon

22.   Distribution of the increased tax burden for agricultural products and food  in the Czech Republic

Author:
P. David
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.5 pp. 239-248
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
fields; food industry; food prices; foods; market prices; planning; portion size; taxes; value added; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... The article determines the transfer rate of tax burden to the buyers of agricultural products and food consumer in the most recent major change in the reduced rates of value added tax in the Czech Republic in late 2007 and 2008. At the same time, it identifies the size of the portion of the increased tax burden which agricultural producers and sellers of food carry, after the increase in the reduc ...
DOI:
10.17221/58/2011-agricecon

23.   Effect of legume-cereal mixtures on the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere

Author:
Y.J. Qiao; Z.H. Li; X. Wang; B. Zhu; Y.G. Hu; Z.H. Zeng
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 174-180
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Bacteroidetes; Cyanobacteria; Myxococcales; Sphingomonas; Vicia sativa subsp. sativa; bacterial communities; ecosystems; environment; gel electrophoresis; oats; rhizosphere; soil; soil bacteria; species richness
Abstract:
... Aboveground plant diversity is known to influence belowground diversity and ecosystem processes. However, there is little knowledge of soil microbial succession in legume-grass mixtures. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of oat and common vetch binary mixtures at three seeding rates on soil bacterial communities. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA f ...
DOI:
10.17221/351/2011-pse

24.   Effect of veterinary oxytetracycline on functional diversity of soil microbial community

Author:
W. Liu; N. Pan; W. Chen; W. Jiao; M. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 295-301
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Trifolium repens; carbon; color; environment; functional diversity; greenhouse experimentation; oxytetracycline; soil; soil microorganisms; sugars; vegetation
Abstract:
... Effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the functional diversity of soil microbial community with or without vegetation were analyzed in a 7-week greenhouse pot experiment by use of Biolog-Eco plate. Results showed that along with the increase of OTC, average well color development (AWCD) values increased with the peak at 200 ppm OTC, and the utilization of sugar and its derivatives enhanced. The Shan ...
DOI:
10.17221/430/2011-pse

25.   Effects of salt stress on ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in rice

Author:
H. Wang; Z. Wu; Y. Zhou; J. Han; D. Shi
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.2 pp. 62-67
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
environment; leaves; nitrogen metabolism; rice; salt stress; soil
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to test the effects of salt stress on nitrogen metabolism and ion balance in rice plants. The contents of inorganic ions, total amino acids, and NO3– in the stressed seedlings were then measured. The expressions of some critical genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were also assayed to test their roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabo ...
DOI:
10.17221/615/2011-pse

26.   Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants

Author:
J.Y. Shen; D.D. Zhao; H.F. Han; X.B. Zhou; Q.Q. Li
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 161-166
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Zea mays; corn; environment; evapotranspiration; grain yield; rainfed farming; soil water content; straw; summer; water use efficiency; China
Abstract:
... To develop rainfed agriculture in northern China, we conducted field experiments with three straw mulching rates (0, 6, and 12 t/ha) on two plant types (a compact type, Chaoshi1, and a flat type, Danyu86) during the summer maize-growing season in 2009 and 2010 to study soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE). The results indicated that straw mulching ...
DOI:
10.17221/404/2011-pse

27.   Environment and weather influence on quality and market value of hops

Author:
V. Pavlovic; M. Pavlovic; A. Cerenak; I.J. Kosir; B. Ceh; C. Rozman; J. Turk; K. Pazek; K. Krofta; G. Gregoric
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 155-160
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
alpha acids; environment; market value; prediction; rain; relative humidity; soil; solar radiation; Slovenia
Abstract:
... The paper analyses the influence of four main weather parameters on alpha-acid contents for the main hop variety Aurora (Super Styrian Aurora) in Slovenian production for the time period 1994–2009. Through inspection of correlation coefficients, it tries to find specific times of the year when the weather conditions affect the alpha-acid content with a view to prediction in Slovenia. The mos ...
DOI:
10.17221/499/2011-pse

28.   Exogenous nitric oxide alleviates iron-deficiency chlorosis in peanut growing on calcareous soil

Author:
X.W. Zhang; Y.J. Dong; X.K. Qiu; G.Q. Hu; Y.H. Wang; Q.H. Wang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.3 pp. 111-120
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Arachis hypogaea; antioxidants; calcareous soils; chlorophyll; chlorosis; environment; fluorescence; iron; leaves; malondialdehyde; nitric oxide; nitroprusside; oxidoreductases; peanuts; photochemistry; photosystem II; plant growth; protective effect; slow-release fertilizers
Abstract:
... Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, was added into controlled release fertilizer (CRF) or sprayed on leaves to supply NO on iron deficiency stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn) plants growing on calcareous soils. Iron deficiency reduced plant growth and chlorophyll content. NO improved plant growth and alleviated leaf interveinal chlorosis, and increased the activity of root ...
DOI:
10.17221/310/2011-pse

29.   Fruit quality attributes of blackberry grown under limited environmental conditions

Author:
T. Milošević; N. Milošević; I. Glišić; J. Mladenović
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.7 pp. 322-327
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
acid soils; acidity; antioxidant activity; blackberries; climate; cultivars; flavonoids; fruit quality
Abstract:
... Fruit quality attributes were studied for two consecutive years in seven blackberry cultivars grown in a Serbian climate and on acidic soil. Physical parameters [berry weight (BW), size and shape] and chemical parameters [soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolic (TPH) and flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were evaluated. A high variability was found in the ...
DOI:
10.17221/33/2012-pse

30.   Globalisation – content, dynamics

Author:
V. Jeníček
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.3 pp. 127-134
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
economic development; globalization; international trade; people
Abstract:
... The notion of international relationships is supplemented by other phenomena during the last time. One of them is globalisation, called on by technological, social and cultural changes, which have shortened the economic distance among countries. The improvement of transport and communication technologies has decreased transport costs of goods, people and information. Traditional governmental polic ...
DOI:
10.17221/136/2011-agricecon

31.   Impact of beauvericin on membrane properties of young initial leaves of maize with different susceptibility to Fusarium

Author:
J. Pavlovkin; I. Mistríková; K. Jašková; L. Tamás
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.5 pp. 205-210
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Fusarium; bioactive properties; cell membranes; corn; cultivars; electrophysiology; environment; leaves; membrane permeability; metabolism; mitochondria; soil
Abstract:
... In the present study the impact of beauvericin (BEA) on the cell membrane properties and respiration of young initial leaves of maize were studied using two maize cultivars differing in their susceptibility to Fusarium sp. BEA significantly depolarized EM of leaf parenchymal cells and this depolarization showed time and dose dependency regardless on the sensitivity of maize cultivars to ...
DOI:
10.17221/432/2011-pse

32.   Integration policy in the agri-food chains: theory and empirical evidences

Author:
G. Martino; R. Panini; F. Morbidelli
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.9 pp. 409-424
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
governance; issues and policy; supply chain; supply chain management; Italy
Abstract:
... The paper considers the problem of the organizational adaptation of the supply chain in the face of the emerging inducement to integration. We focus on the policy intervention aimed at achieving a closer coordination among the chain agents and consider the relation between the policy and the spontaneous processes undertaken by the agents. A framework based on four dimensions (state of alignment, e ...
DOI:
10.17221/80/2011-agricecon

33.   Interactions between nitrogen nutrition and phytohormone levels in Festulolium plants

Author:
D. Pavlíková; M. Neuberg; E. Žižková; V. Motyka; M. Pavlík
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.8 pp. 367-372
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Festulolium; abscisic acid; ammonium nitrogen; ammonium sulfate; belowground biomass; calcium nitrate; cytokinins; environment; free amino acids; indole acetic acid; nitrogen; nutrition; soil
Abstract:
...   This study aims to reveal and to compare effect of two various systems of nitrogen nutrition, namely injection and sidedress application, on the levels of NO3– and phytohormones (cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) in Festulolium plants. Calcium nitrate (CN) or ammonium sulphate (AS) were used as N source in the pot experiment. The yield of Festulolium above a ...
DOI:
10.17221/367/2012-pse

34.   Methodology for the identification of managerial competencies in knowledge-based organizations

Author:
M. Königová; J. Hron
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.8 pp. 347-353
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
entrepreneurship; personality; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... In the current entrepreneurial environment characterised by the dynamic development and changes, organizations have to promote the development of their employees in order to achieve a competitive advantage. Therefore, the personality of a manager who is a holder of specific knowledge, abilities, skills, traits, motives, attitudes and values becomes increasingly important as it is the main source f ...
DOI:
10.17221/206/2011-agricecon

35.   Modelling farmer participation to a revenue insurance scheme by the means of the Positive Mathematical Programming

Author:
R. Cortignani; S. Severini
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.7 pp. 324-331
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
empirical research; farm profitability; farmers; income; insurance; models; revenue insurance; risk; uncertainty; Italy
Abstract:
... European farmers face an increasing income uncertainty. The debate is growing on the role of the insurance schemes and on the support provided by the CAP in this field. Therefore, there is a need for the empirical analysis and the tools aimed at providing empirical evidences on this subject. This paper develops an innovative Positive Mathematical Programming model that takes into explicit consider ...
DOI:
10.17221/127/2011-agricecon

36.   Near infrared spectroscopy for deoxynivalenol content estimation in intact wheat grain

Author:
V. Dvořáček; A. Prohasková; J. Chrpová; L. Štočková
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 196-203
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Fusarium; deoxynivalenol; discriminant analysis; environment; least squares; models; near-infrared spectroscopy; prediction; soil; wheat
Abstract:
... Non-invasive determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) still presents a challenging problem. Therefore, the present study was aimed at a rapid determination of DON in whole wheat grain by means of FT-NIR spectroscopy, with a wide range of concentrations for potential applications in breeding programs and common systems of quality management using partial least square calibration (PLS) and discriminant ...
DOI:
10.17221/684/2011-pse

37.   Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption of Artemisia scoparia, Chenopodium acuminatum, Cannabis sativa, and Phragmites communis under nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a semiarid grassland, China

Author:
L.J. Li; D.H. Zeng; R. Mao; Z.Y. Yu
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 446-451
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Artemisia scoparia; Cannabis sativa; Chenopodium; Phragmites australis; dominant species; environment; grasslands; leaf nutrient resorption; nitrogen; nutrient availability; phosphorus; resorption; soil; soil nutrients; species diversity; China
Abstract:
... A factorial nitrogen (N) × phosphorus (P) addition experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of leaf nutrient resorption to increased soil N and P availability in a semiarid grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Four plant species were selected, among which Artemisia scoparia and Chenopodium acuminatum were dominant species in the control and P-added plots, and Cannabis sativa and Ph ...
DOI:
10.17221/6339-pse

38.   Optimization of the cropping pattern in Saudi Arabia using a mathematical programming sector model

Author:
A.M. Alabdulkader; A.I. Al-Amoud; F.S. Awad
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.2 pp. 56-60
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
agricultural industry; arable soils; land use; models; Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
... A mathematical sector model has been formulated to optimize the cropping pattern in Saudi Arabia aiming at maximizing the net annual return of the agricultural sector in Saudi Arabia and ensuring the efficient allocation of the scarce water resources and arable land among the competing crops. The results showed the potential for Saudi Arabia to optimize its cropping pattern and to generate an esti ...
DOI:
10.17221/8/2011-agricecon

39.   Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the production of English ryegrass

Author:
D. Stamenov; M. Jarak; S. Đurić; D. Milošev; T. Hajnal-Jafari
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 477-480
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Lolium perenne; Pseudomonas fluorescens; environment; plant growth; rhizosphere bacteria; soil
Abstract:
... The effect of inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis on the yield of fresh and dry mass of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as well as on the number of rhizospheric microorganisms was studied. The microorganisms were introduced into the soil before sowing. The control plots were not inoculated. The number of microorganisms was determined after the third mowing. The yiel ...
DOI:
10.17221/132/2012-pse

40.   Productivity and efficiency of large and small field crop farms and mixed farms of the old and new EU regions

Author:
L. Błażejczyk-Majka; R. Kala; K. Maciejewski
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.2 pp. 61-71
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
European Union; farms; field crops
Abstract:
... The main aim of the paper is to consider the question whether a higher specialization and a bigger economic size class of farms determine a higher technical efficiency at the same scale for the farms from the new and old countries of the EU. This study is based on the data contained in the Farm Accounting Data Network and covers the first four years following the extension of the European Union in ...
DOI:
10.17221/48/2011-agricecon

41.   Project costs planning in the conditions of uncertainty

Author:
H. Štiková
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.2 pp. 72-84
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
monitoring; planning; risk management process; uncertainty
Abstract:
... The fuzzy approach to the project network analysis of the project planning and control is commonly oriented on the fuzzy critical path setting and the project duration monitoring. In the article, this approach is improved by the addition of the project costs perspective to the standard time aspect. The relations for the fuzzy quantity of the total project costs and for its membership function are ...
DOI:
10.17221/7/2011-agricecon

42.   Rhizosphere bacteria induced by aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive soybeans in acid soil

Author:
T. Yang; Y. Ding; Y. Zhu; Y. Li; X. Wang; R. Yang; G. Lu; J. Qi; Y. Yang
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.6 pp. 262-267
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
Acinetobacter; acid soils; aluminum; citric acid; environment; exudation; malic acid; rhizosphere; rhizosphere bacteria; sequence analysis; soybeans
Abstract:
... Rhizosphere microbial communities play a major role in multiple soil functions. The aim of this study is to assess the relation of bacteria and organic acids in rhizosphere soil and community function induced by soybean genotypes, BX10 [aluminum (Al)-tolerant soybean] and BD2 (Al-sensitive soybean). Organic acid analysis in the rhizosphere soil indicates that BX10 increased the concentration of ci ...
DOI:
10.17221/652/2011-pse

43.   Road salts effects on soil chemical and microbial properties at grassland and forest site in protected natural areas

Author:
J. Hofman; E. Trávníčková; P. Anděl
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.6 pp. 282-288
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
ammonification; autumn; base saturation; environment; forests; grasslands; landscapes; national parks; pH; spring; winter; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Road salting is used as a dominant way to keep road safety in winter, even in the protected natural areas. In our study, possible effects of winter road salting on soil microorganisms in close road vicinity were investigated. Soil chemical and microbial properties were monitored at a forest site in the Krkonoše Mountains national park and at a grassland site in the Kokořínsko protect ...
DOI:
10.17221/5994-pse

44.   Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat

Author:
A. Bano; F. Ullah; A. Nosheen
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.4 pp. 181-185
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
abscisic acid; cultivars; drought; drought tolerance; environment; enzyme activity; peroxidase; reactive oxygen species; seed treatment; soil; superoxide dismutase; tillering; water content; water stress; wheat
Abstract:
... The effect of drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) applied at tillering stage (55 days after sowing) was compared in 2 wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and contents of endogenous ABA in plants were measured at 3 days of drought stress in cv. Chakwal-97 (drought tolerant) and cv. Punjab-96 (drought susceptible). ABA ...
DOI:
10.17221/210/2011-pse

45.   Sulfur fractions in particle-size separates as influenced by long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers

Author:
H.W. Scherer; G. Welp; S. Förster
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.5 pp. 242-248
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
animal manures; composts; environment; field experimentation; mineral fertilizers; particle size; sewage sludge; soil; sulfates; sulfur; water solubility
Abstract:
... A field experiment established in 1962 was chosen to investigate the effect of long-term application of farmyard manure (FYM), compost (COM) and sewage sludge (SS), respectively, in two increments as compared to mineral fertilizer on inorganic and organic S fractions in particle-size separates (< 0.002 mm, 0.002–0.02 mm, 0.02–2 mm). Independent of the particle-size the application o ...
DOI:
10.17221/78/2012-pse

46.   Technical efficiency and total factor productivity in Czech agriculture

Author:
L. Čechura
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.4 pp. 147-156
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
animal production; meat; models; technological change
Abstract:
... The paper deals with the analysis of technical efficiency and the total factor productivity (TFP) in Czech agriculture. The aim is to identify the key factors determining the efficiency of input use and the TFP development. The Fixed Management model is used for the estimation of technical efficiency and the construction of TFP for the total agriculture and its individual branches. The results sho ...
DOI:
10.17221/56/2011-agricecon

47.   The assessment of the economic risks level of sugar beet growing for the farm economy

Author:
J. Pulkrábek; M. Kavka; V. Rataj; J. Humpál; L. Nozdrovický; Z. Trávníček; V. Pačuta
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.1 pp. 41-48
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
acceptable risk; algorithms; farms; sugar beet; sugars; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... The risk rate of sugar beet growing was analyzed by using the algorithm for modelling and generating the random numbers based on the conditions determined in advance and the statistical distribution of sugar beets yield, the total costs, earnings and gross profit. On the bases of results of the analysis of economic risks of sugar beet production in years 1995–2009, it follows that the sugar ...
DOI:
10.17221/111/2010-agricecon

48.   The characteristics of farmers applying for the EU investment support in Poland

Author:
P. Bryla
Source:
Zemědělská ekonomika v.58 no.1 pp. 21-33
ISSN:
0139-570X
Subject:
descriptive statistics; development policy; educational status; food industry; marketing channels; rural development; Poland
Abstract:
... The paper aims at improving our knowledge about the response of farmers to a major instrument of the rural development policy in Poland. Close cooperation with the managing Agency was established in order to collect and analyze the data included in the application forms. They served as a basis for calculating linear correlations and descriptive statistics, which in turn, wherever possible, were co ...
DOI:
10.17221/98/2010-agricecon

49.   The effect of calcium foliar fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples

Author:
J. Lanauskas; N. Kviklienė; N. Uselis; D. Kviklys; L. Buskienė; R. Mažeika; G. Staugaitis
Source:
Plant, Soil and Environment v.58 no.10 pp. 465-470
ISSN:
1214-1178
Subject:
apples; bitter pit; calcium; calcium nitrate; environment; firmness; fruit quality; fruits; horticulture; leaves; liquids; rain; rootstocks; soil; vegetation; weight loss
Abstract:
... The effects of calcium fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples were studied in the experiment conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007–2009. Fertilizers were applied four or eight times from June to September on the 8th–9th leaf of apple trees on P 22 rootstock. Calcium nitrate or liquid calcium fertilizers were used. The results differed over the yea ...
DOI:
10.17221/6342-pse

50.   The effect of deforestation on spring water chemistry on Skrzyczne (Silesian Beskid Mountains, Poland)

Author:
S. Małek; K. Krakowian
Source:
Journal of Forest Science v.58 no.7 pp. 308-313
ISSN:
1212-4834
Subject:
Picea abies; acid soils; bedrock; calcium; deforestation; dieback; forests; hydrochemistry; magnesium; pH; sandstone; water flow; Carpathian region; Poland
Abstract:
... The Norway spruce dieback which occurred in the Western Carpathians is of interest to scientists in many fields. The goal of this research was to determine its effect on spring water chemistry. Due to environmental factors such as: high precipitation – up to 1,400 mm·year–1 while the average for Poland is 600 mm·year–1; kind of bedrock (the are ...
DOI:
10.17221/77/2011-jfs