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You searched for: Publication Year 2008 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2008 Subject anthropogenic activities Remove constraint Subject: anthropogenic activities
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1. The "fire stick farming" hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics

Author:
Bliege Bird, R.; Bird, D.W.; Codding, B.F.; Parker, C.H.; Jones, J.H.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 v.105 no.39 pp. 14796-14801
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; burning; farming systems; fire regime; foraging; habitats; image analysis; landscapes; lightning; lizards; remote sensing; resource management; space and time; women; Australia
Abstract:
... Aboriginal burning in Australia has long been assumed to be a "resource management" strategy, but no quantitative tests of this hypothesis have ever been conducted. We combine ethnographic observations of contemporary Aboriginal hunting and burning with satellite image analysis of anthropogenic and natural landscape structure to demonstrate the processes through which Aboriginal burning shapes ari ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0804757105
PubMed:
18809925
PubMed Central:
PMC2567447

2. Abundance, site fidelity and range patterns of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in two Australian subtropical estuaries

Author:
Fury, Christine A.; Harrison, Peter L.
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 2008 v.59 no.11 pp. 1015-1027
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
Tursiops aduncus; anthropogenic activities; dolphins; estuaries; habitats; mark-recapture studies; philopatry; rivers; New South Wales
Abstract:
... Bottlenose dolphins are widely studied in marine habitats, but information on estuarine populations is very limited. The present study provides the first published data on bottlenose dolphins in Australian estuaries. Abundance estimates, site fidelity and individual ranging patterns were examined over a 3-year period for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabiting the Clarence R ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF08109

3. Activities of antioxidant system components and polyphenol oxidase in ontogeny of lawn grasses under megapolis conditions

Author:
Polovnikova, M. G.; Voskresenskaya, O. L.
Source:
Russian journal of plant physiology 2008 v.55 no.5 pp. 699-705
ISSN:
1021-4437
Subject:
Festuca pratensis; Trifolium pratense; anthropogenic activities; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; catalase; catechol oxidase; developmental stages; habitats; lawns and turf; leaves; ontogeny; peroxidase; pigments; plant development; pollution; roots; tissues; turf grasses
Abstract:
... The activities of antioxidants enzymes (peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT)), the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, carotenoids), and the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied in vegetative organs of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and meadow-fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) growing under city conditions. The plants of three ages (virginal (V), generative (G), and s ...
DOI:
10.1134/S1021443708050154

4. Agricultural farming alters predator-prey interactions in nearby natural habitats

Author:
Shapira, I.; Sultan, H.; Shanas, U.
Source:
Animal conservation 2008 v.11 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
1367-9430
Subject:
Vulpes vulpes; anthropogenic activities; arable soils; conventional farming; ecosystems; farms; food consumption; foraging; foxes; gerbils; habitat destruction; habitats; indigenous species; light intensity; politics; population dynamics; predation; predator-prey relationships; risk; Israel; Jordan
Abstract:
... Agricultural farming is a major consumer of global arable lands and has a direct effect on species decline through habitat destruction. However, agricultural endeavours can also evoke indirect threats that will result in behavioural modifications of indigenous species. In a desert ecosystem, where a political border led to a farming dichotomy between intensive cultivates in Israel and intact lands ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00145.x

5. Air quality and deposition of trace elements in Didouche Mourad, Algeria

Author:
Ali-Khodja, H.; Belaala, A.; Demmane-Debbih, W.; Habbas, B.; Boumagoura, N.
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.138 no.1-3 pp. 219-231
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
air; air quality; anthropogenic activities; breathing; cadmium; cement; chemical speciation; chromium; cobalt; copper; exposure assessment; heavy metals; ingestion; manganese; meteorological data; nickel; particulates; soil; wind direction; Algeria
Abstract:
... Total suspended particulate matter and deposition fluxes of particles were investigated in the town of Didouche Mourad which is located 13 km north of Constantine. Samples of air particulate matter were collected at one site located in the heart of the town and situated 3 km north of a cement plant. Samples were collected from 2 November 2002 to 28 April 2003 every 3 days using a high volume air s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9792-1

6. Amazon River enhances diazotrophy and carbon sequestration in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean

Author:
Subramaniam, A.; Yager, P.L.; Carpenter, E.J.; Mahaffey, C.; Björkman, K.; Cooley, S.; Kustka, A.B.; Montoya, J.P.; Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S.A.; Shipe, R.; Capone, D.G.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 v.105 no.30 pp. 10460-10465
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; climate change; coasts; freshwater; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; nutrients; primary productivity; rivers; Amazon River; Atlantic Ocean
Abstract:
... The fresh water discharged by large rivers such as the Amazon is transported hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from the coast by surface plumes. The nutrients delivered by these river plumes contribute to enhanced primary production in the ocean, and the sinking flux of this new production results in carbon sequestration. Here, we report that the Amazon River plume supports N₂ fixation far ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0710279105
PubMed:
18647838
PubMed Central:
PMC2480616

7. Ancient divisions, recent expansions: phylogeography and population genetics of the round goby Apollonia melanostoma

Author:
JOSHUA E. BROWN; CAROL A. STEPIEN
Source:
Molecular ecology 2008 v.17 no.11 pp. 2598-2615
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Melanostoma; Neogobius melanostomus; anthropogenic activities; basins; cytochrome b; genetic variation; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeny; phylogeography; population genetics; population structure; rivers; Baltic Sea; Black Sea; Caspian Sea; Eurasia; Great Lakes
Abstract:
... During the past two decades, the round goby Apollonia melanostoma (=Neogobius melanostomus) has expanded its range via shipping transport and canals, extending north and west from the Ponto‐Caspian region of Eurasia and to the North American Great Lakes. Exotic populations of the round goby have been very successful in the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes regions, exerting significant ecological cha ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03777.x

8. Annual changes in the chemical composition of stream water in small catchments with different land-use (Carpathian Foothills, Poland)

Author:
J.P. Siwek; M. Żelazny; W. Chełmicki
Source:
Soil and Water Research v.3 no.3 pp. 129-137
ISSN:
1801-5395
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; chemical composition; hydrochemistry; land use; pH; research; rivers; runoff; sewage; soil; streams; Poland
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to identify the factors that influence annual changes in the chemical composition of stream waters. The research area was located in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Foothills (Poland) in the Stara Rzeka catchment (mixed land-use) and its two sub-catchments: Leśny Potok (wooded) and Kubaleniec (farmed). Hydrochemical studies were carried out during the 1998–2004 w ...
DOI:
10.17221/17/2008-swr

9. Anthropogenic alterations of genetic diversity within tree populations: Implications for forest ecosystem resilience

Author:
Schaberg, Paul G.; DeHayes, Donald H.; Hawley, Gary J.; Nijensohn, Samuel E.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2008 v.256 no.5 pp. 855-862
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
silvicultural practices; Tsuga canadensis; plant stress; forest trees; alleles; coniferous forests; forest genetics; Pinus strobus; forest management; gene frequency; anthropogenic activities; natural selection; genetic variation; stress tolerance
Abstract:
... Healthy forests provide many of the essential ecosystem services upon which all life depends. Genetic diversity is an essential component of long-term forest health because it provides a basis for adaptation and resilience to environmental stress and change. In addition to natural processes, numerous anthropogenic factors deplete forest genetic resources. Genetic losses could be particularly conse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.038

10. Anthropogenic disturbance and the formation of oak savanna in central Kentucky, USA

Author:
McEwan, Ryan W.; McCarthy, Brian C.
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2008 v.35 no.5 pp. 965-975
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
abandoned land; anthropogenic activities; climatic factors; dendrochronology; ecosystems; forest canopy; forest trees; growth rings; human population; land use; models; pastures; population density; population dynamics; savannas; stems; tree growth; tree release; understory; Kentucky
Abstract:
... To deepen understanding of the factors that influenced the formation of oak savanna in central Kentucky, USA. Particular attention was focused on the link between historical disturbance and the formation of savanna ecosystem structure. Central Kentucky, USA. We used dendrochronological analysis of tree-ring samples to understand the historical growth environment of remnant savanna stems. We used r ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01857.x

11. Anthropogenic impact on the runoff of Russian rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean

Author:
Magritskii, D. V.
Source:
Water resources 2008 v.35 no.1 pp. 1-14
ISSN:
0097-8078
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; rivers; runoff; water management; Arctic Ocean; Arctic region
Abstract:
... The effect of water consumption and reservoirs on the regime and water resources of Russian rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean is discussed. The impact of reservoirs on the annual and seasonal runoff of regulated rivers is estimated. The transformation of this impact along the rivers down to their outlet sections is analyzed. Possible variants of the development of water management measures in ...
DOI:
10.1134/S0097807808010016

12. Anthropogenic lead distribution in soils under arable land and permanent grassland estimated by Pb isotopic compositions

Author:
Fernandez, C.; Monna, F.; Labanowski, J.; Loubet, M.; Oort, F. van
Source:
Environmental pollution 2008 v.156 no.3 pp. 1083-1091
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
grasslands; agricultural land; arable soils; lead; stable isotopes; soil pollution; anthropogenic activities; spatial distribution; land use; environmental fate; soil horizons; soil depth; earthworms; atmospheric deposition
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.014
PubMed:
18514984

13. Approaches to utilising QuickBird data for the monitoring of NATURA 2000 habitats

Author:
M. Förster; A. Frick; H. Walentowski; B. Kleinschmit
Source:
Community ecology 2008 v.9 no.2 pp. 155-168
ISSN:
1585-8553
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; forest types; forestry; geographic information systems; guidelines; habitats; heathlands; image analysis; monitoring; processing technology; remote sensing; spatial data; woodlands; Germany
Abstract:
... The implementation of standardised methods for the monitoring of NATURA 2000 sites in Europe is still a key topic in environmental research. Effective, economically priced and, as far as possible, automated applications are required. Rapidly developing sensor technology together with advanced image processing methods offer new possibilities for application of remote sensing data to NATURA 2000 mon ...
DOI:
10.1556/ComEc.9.2008.2.4

14. Aquatic hyphomycete communities as potential bioindicators for assessing anthropogenic stress

Author:
Solé, M.; Fetzer, I.; Wennrich, R.; Sridhar, K.R.; Harms, H.; Krauss, G.
Source:
Science of the total environment 2008 v.389 no.2-3 pp. 557-565
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Hyphomycetes; aquatic fungi; community structure; biodiversity; indicator species; anthropogenic activities; risk assessment; water pollution; rivers; aquifers; Germany
Abstract:
... With a profound knowledge of how physico-chemical parameters affect these communities, microbial communities could be used as indicators for environmental changes and for risk assessment studies. We studied aquatic hyphomycete communities in rivers and aquifers from sites shaped by intense mining activities (namely the “Mansfeld region”) and chemical industry (cities of Halle and Bitterfeld) in Ce ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.010

15. Are watershed and lacustrine controls on planktonic n2 fixation hierarchically structured

Author:
J. Thad Scott; Robert D. Doyle; Shane J. Prochnow; Joseph D. White
Source:
Ecological applications 2008 v.18 no.3 pp. 805-819
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; anthropogenic activities; ecosystems; lakes; land cover; landscapes; meteorological data; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; phytoplankton; pollution load; regression analysis; soil; stream flow; summer; topography; water temperature; watersheds; Texas
Abstract:
... N₂ fixation can be an important source of N to limnetic ecosystems and can influence the structure of phytoplankton communities. However, watershed‐scale conditions that favor N₂ fixation in lakes and reservoirs have not been well studied. We measured N₂ fixation and lacustrine variables monthly over a 19‐month period in Waco Reservoir, Texas, USA, and linked these data with nutrient‐loading estim ...
DOI:
10.1890/07-0105.1

16. Are wildfires a disaster in the Mediterranean basin? - A review

Author:
Pausas, Juli G.; Llovet, Joan; Rodrigo, Anselm; Vallejo, Ramon
Source:
International journal of wildland fire 2008 v.17 no.6 pp. 713-723
ISSN:
1049-8001
Subject:
Pinus; broadleaved evergreen forests; trees; fire regime; anthropogenic activities; land use; history; interspecific variation; Quercus; disasters; woodlands; ecosystems; plant growth; shrublands; wildfires; regrowth; plant communities; forest regeneration; soil erosion; forest plantations; perceptions (cognitive); Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Evolutionary and paleoecological studies suggest that fires are natural in the Mediterranean basin. However, the important increase in the number of fires and area burned during the 20th century has created the perception that fires are disasters. In the present paper, we review to what extent fires are generating ecological disasters in the Mediterranean basin, in view of current fire regimes and ...
DOI:
10.1071/WF07151

17. Arsenic in groundwaters in the Northern Appalachian Mountain belt: A review of patterns and processes

Author:
Stephen C. Peters
Source:
Journal of contaminant hydrology 2008 v.99 no.1-4 pp. 8-21
ISSN:
0169-7722
Subject:
iron oxides; anthropogenic activities; groundwater; iron; pollution; surface water; wells; basins; nitrate reduction; arsenic; bedrock; pyrites; drinking water; adsorption; households; landfills; pH; Maine; Appalachian region; New England region
Abstract:
... Naturally occurring arsenic in the bedrock of the Northern Appalachian Mountain belt was first recognized in the late 19th century. The knowledge of the behavior of arsenic in groundwater in this region has lagged behind nearly a century, with the popular press reporting on local studies in the early 1980s, and most peer-reviewed research articles on regional patterns conducted and written in the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.04.001
PubMed:
18571283

18. Assessing biotic integrity in a Mediterranean watershed: development and evaluation of a fish-based index

Author:
MAGALHÃES, M.F.; RAMALHO, C.E.; COLLARES-PEREIRA, M.J.
Source:
Fisheries management and ecology 2008 v.15 no.4 pp. 273-289
ISSN:
0969-997X
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; fish; indigenous species; introduced species; rivers; streams; watersheds; Portugal
Abstract:
... Biological indicators for Mediterranean rivers are poorly developed. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Index of Biotic Integrity approach (IBI) with fish assemblages in the Guadiana catchment, a typical Mediterranean watershed in Southern Portugal. Reference sites were selected from a set of 95 sites, using a multivariate approach. Fifty-five candidate metrics were screened for range, ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00612.x

19. Assessing soil Cu content and anthropogenic influences using decision tree analysis

Author:
Zhang, Xiuying; Lin, Fenfang; Jiang, Yugen; Wang, Ke; Wong, Mike T.F.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2008 v.156 no.3 pp. 1260-1267
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
soil pollution; polluted soils; copper; anthropogenic activities; data analysis; spatial distribution; kriging; spatial variation; regression analysis; accuracy; topography; land use; soil chemistry; urban areas; China
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.009

20. Assessing the impact of local habitat variables and landscape context on riparian birds in agricultural, urbanized, and native landscapes

Author:
Luther, David; Hilty, Jodi; Weiss, Jack; Cornwall, Caitlin; Wipf, Missy; Ballard, Grant
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 2008 v.17 no.8 pp. 1923-1935
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; birds; habitats; indigenous species; land use; landscapes; riparian areas; shrubs; species diversity; urban agriculture; urban areas; urbanization; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Large tracts of natural habitat are being replaced by agriculture and urban sprawl in Mediterranean regions worldwide. We have limited knowledge about the effects of human activities on native species in these landscapes and which, if any, management practices might enhance the conservation of native biodiversity within them. Through a citizen volunteer bird-monitoring project, we compared bird ab ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10531-008-9332-5

21. Atmospheric Impacts due to Anthropogenic Activities in Remote Areas: The Case Study of Admiralty Bay/King George Island/Antarctic Peninsula

Author:
Leal, M. A.; Joppert, M.; Licínio, M. V.; Evangelista, H.; Maldonado, J.; Dalia, K. C.; Lima, C.; Barros Leite, C. V.; Correa, S. M.; Medeiros, Geiza; Dias da Cunha, K.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2008 v.188 no.1-4 pp. 67-80
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
air pollution; zinc; copper; heavy metals; atmospheric deposition; atmospheric circulation; mass transfer; dispersions; anthropogenic activities; snow; mathematical models; equations; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The aim of the present work is to characterize the local atmospheric emissions levels and compare them to the component derived from global pollution in a remote site at South Hemisphere (Admiralty Bay located at King George Island in Antarctic Peninsula). Airborne particles, snow and soil/sediments samples were analyzed. Local-produced atmospheric aerosol dispersion was estimated for metals origi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-007-9525-7

22. Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, particulate nitrate and particulate sulfate, and estimation of their dry deposition on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji, Western Japan

Author:
Chiwa, Masaaki; Kondo, Hiroaki; Ebihara, Naosuke; Sakugawa, Hiroshi
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.140 no.1-3 pp. 349-360
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
air quality; anthropogenic activities; dry deposition; leaves; nitrates; nitric acid; sulfates; sulfur dioxide; Japan
Abstract:
... Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate nitrate [graphic removed] and particulate sulfate [graphic removed] on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji were measured from November 2002 to October 2003, in order to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic activity on air quality and dry deposited nitrate and sulfate on the surfaces of pine foli ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9873-1

23. Atmospheric inputs of Ag and Tl to the Arctic: Comparison of a high resolution snow pit (AD 1994-2004) with a firn (AD 1860-1996) and an ice core (previous 16,000 yr)

Author:
Krachler, Michael; Zheng, Jiancheng; Fisher, David; Shotyk, William
Source:
Science of the total environment 2008 v.399 no.1-3 pp. 78-89
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
air pollution; atmospheric deposition; silver; thallium; history; seasonal variation; anthropogenic activities; mosses and liverworts; bioaccumulation; Canada; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Applying strict clean room techniques and sector field ICP-MS, a total of 567 ice and snow samples from Devon Ice Cap, Arctic Canada, have been analysed for silver (Ag) and thallium (Tl), providing a continuous record of atmospheric deposition of both elements for the past ~16,000 yr. Concentrations of Ag and Tl ranged from 0.02 to 5.84 pg/g and from 0.03 to 3.40 pg/g, respectively. The natural Tl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.006
PubMed:
18430460

24. Avian species richness and abundance at Lake Constance: diverging long-term trends in Passerines and Nonpasserines

Author:
Hans-Günther Bauer; Nicole Lemoine; Markus Peintinger
Source:
Journal of ornithology 2008 v.149 no.2 pp. 217-222
ISSN:
2193-7192
Subject:
Passeriformes; anthropogenic activities; biomass; birds; breeding; climate; climate change; divergent evolution; habitat destruction; habitats; population dynamics; population size; quantitative analysis; species diversity; wildlife management; Central European region; Lake Constance
Abstract:
... In Central Europe, massive losses in species richness of breeding birds have been documented in the last decades, but the question arises whether species richness is currently still decreasing or again increasing due to conservation efforts. In this study, we investigated regional and local species richness as well as mean number of breeding pairs and mean biomass per tetrad over a period of some ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10336-007-0262-x

25. Baseline Concentrations and Spatial Distribution of Trace Metals in Surface Soils of Guangdong Province, China

Author:
H. H. Zhang; F. B. Li; Z. F. Wu; D. Q. Li; D. R. Xu; H. X. Yuan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2008 v.37 no.5 pp. 1752-1760
ISSN:
1537-2537
Subject:
basins; soil chemical properties; rivers; soil pollution; alluvial soils; copper; zinc; spatial distribution; lead; mercury; toxic substances; cadmium; alluvial plains; nickel; anthropogenic activities; chromium; soil formation; China
Abstract:
... A total of 260 surface soil samples were collected to investigate the spatial distribution of trace metals in Guangdong province, one of the fast developing regions in China. The results show that the upper baseline concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, and Hg were 28.7, 57.6, 77.8, 0.13, 23.5, 87.0, and 0.15 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Regional parent materials and pedogenesis are the primary fact ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2007.0531
PubMed:
18689736

26. Baseline Concentrations of Trace Metals in Macroalgae from the Strait of Magellan, Chile

Author:
Astorga-España, M[ordinal indicator, feminine]. Soledad; Calisto-Ulloa, Nancy Cristina; Guerrero, Sandra
Source:
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2008 v.80 no.2 pp. 97-101
ISSN:
0007-4861
Subject:
macroalgae; antimony; mercury; zinc; lead; Porphyra; Ulva; silver; vanadium; anthropogenic activities; nickel; Chile
Abstract:
... Samples of four different species of seaweed were collected monthly between October 2000 and March 2001 from the coast of the Strait of Magellan, Chile to establish baseline levels of trace metals (silver, total mercury, nickel, lead, antimony, vanadium and zinc) and to compare the accumulation capacity among species. The algae included in the study were Adenocystis utricularis (n = 15); Enteromor ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00128-007-9323-3
PubMed:
18058042

27. Baseline concentrations of trace elements in residential soils from Southeastern Missouri

Author:
Ikem, Abua; Campbell, Marjorie; Nyirakabibi, Isabelle; Garth, Jimmie
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.140 no.1-3 pp. 69-81
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; anthropogenic activities; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; cobalt; copper; data collection; fractionation; humans; iron; lead; manganese; mercury; nickel; pollution; remediation; soil; soil sampling; surveys; toxic substances; variance; zinc; Missouri
Abstract:
... Anthropogenic sources of pollution can significantly contribute to elevated concentrations of toxic elements in soils. A preliminary survey of trace elements content and their availability in residential soils from New Madrid County, Missouri was undertaken. Mean elemental concentrations (mg kg⁻¹, dry wt) of sixty two soil samples were: As 6.6, Be 0.8, Cd 1.6, Co 9.7, Cr 24.5, Cu 18.1, Fe 9951, Mn ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9848-2

28. Beyond Deforestation: Restoring Forests and Ecosystem Services on Degraded Lands

Author:
Chazdon, Robin L.
Source:
Science 2008 v.320 no.5882 pp. 1458-1460
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
adaptive management; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; climate change; community service; deforestation; ecosystem services; forest ecosystems; forest plantations; forest restoration; forest soils; forests; habitat fragmentation; livelihood; soil degradation
Abstract:
... Despite continued forest conversion and degradation, forest cover is increasing in countries across the globe. New forests are regenerating on former agricultural land, and forest plantations are being established for commercial and restoration purposes. Plantations and restored forests can improve ecosystem services and enhance biodiversity conservation, but will not match the composition and str ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1155365

29. Biodiversity and distribution patterns of freshwater invertebrates in farm ponds of a south-western French agricultural landscape

Author:
Céréghino, R.; Ruggiero, A.; Marty, P.; Angélibert, S.
Source:
Hydrobiologia 2008 v.597 no.1 pp. 43-51
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; aquatic invertebrates; biodiversity; cattle; economic costs; environmental factors; family support; farm ponds; freshwater; irrigation; land use; landscapes; neural networks; pollution; rivers; surface water; wetlands; France
Abstract:
... We assessed the importance for biodiversity of man-made farm ponds in an agricultural landscape in SW France lacking natural wetlands. The ponds were originally created to provide a variety of societal services (irrigation, visual amenity, water for cattle, etc.). We also assessed the environmental factors influencing invertebrate assemblages in these ponds. Only 18 invertebrate taxa out of 114 ta ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10750-007-9219-6

30. Birds as agents of seed dispersal in a human-dominated landscape in southern Costa Rica

Author:
Pejchar, Liba; Pringle, Robert M.; Ranganathan, Jai; Zook, James R.; Duran, Guillermo; Oviedo, Federico; Daily, Gretchen C.
Source:
Biological conservation 2008 v.141 no.2 pp. 536-544
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
seed dispersal; wild birds; landscape ecology; plant communities; agricultural land; population size; species diversity; riparian forests; anthropogenic activities; remote sensing; reforestation; body size; spatial variation; temporal variation; prediction; Costa Rica
Abstract:
... Birds play vital roles as seed dispersers helping to maintain and restore plant communities. With restoration increasingly key to global conservation, it is important to understand the landscape attributes and bird community characteristics that most influence avian seed dispersal in human-altered landscapes. We examined bird community structure and seed-dispersal patterns in agricultural countrys ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2007.11.008

31. Bottomland hardwood forest recovery following tornado disturbance and salvage logging

Author:
Nelson, John L.; Groninger, John W.; Battaglia, Loretta L.; Ruffner, Charles M.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2008 v.256 no.3 pp. 388-395
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
logging; tornadoes; wind; forest succession; stems; hardwood forests; herbaceous plants; ground vegetation; forest regeneration; woody plants; species diversity; anthropogenic activities; floodplains; lowland forests; overstory; forest damage; conservation areas; density; Illinois
Abstract:
... Catastrophic wind events, including tornado, hurricane, and linear winds, are significant disturbances in temperate forested wetlands. Information is lacking on how post-disturbance salvage logging may impact short and long-term objectives in conservation areas where natural stands are typically managed passively. Woody regeneration and herbaceous cover were assessed for three years in a bottomlan ...
Handle:
10113/21590
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.035

32. Bottom‐up and climatic forcing on the worldwide population of leatherback turtles

Author:
Vincent S. Saba; James R. Spotila; Francisco P. Chavez; John A. Musick
Source:
Ecology 2008 v.89 no.5 pp. 1414-1427
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
temporal variation; El Nino; migratory behavior; animal reproduction; Dermochelys coriacea; global warming; mortality; satellites; turtles; nesting; spatial variation; anthropogenic activities; foraging; females; zooplankton; trophic relationships; Pacific Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean
Abstract:
... Nesting populations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the Atlantic and western Indian Oceans are increasing or stable while those in the Pacific are declining. It has been suggested that leatherbacks in the eastern Pacific may be resource limited due to environmental variability derived from the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but this has yet to be tested. Here we explored bot ...
DOI:
10.1890/07-0364.1

33. Bryophytes on tree trunks in natural forests, selectively logged forests and cacao agroforests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Author:
Ariyanti, Nunik S.; Bos, Merijn M.; Kartawinata, Kuswata; Tjitrosoedirdjo, Sri S.; Guhardja, E.; Robbert Gradstein, S.
Source:
Biological conservation 2008 v.141 no.10 pp. 2516-2527
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
agroforestry; logging; Bryopsida; Theobroma cacao; tropical forests; species diversity; drought tolerance; microclimate; mosses and liverworts; anthropogenic activities; forest trees; tree trunk; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Forest disturbance and transformations into agricultural land alter tropical landscapes at drastic rates. Here, we investigate bryophyte assemblages on trunk bases in natural forest, selectively logged forest and cacao agroforests that are shaded by remnants of natural forest in Central Sulawesi. Overall, bryophyte richness per site did not differ between forest types. However, mosses and liverwor ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.012

34. The California Hotspots Project: identifying regions of rapid diversification of mammals

Author:
DAVIS, EDWARD BYRD; KOO, MICHELLE S.; CONROY, CHRIS; PATTON, JAMES L.; MORITZ, CRAIG
Source:
Molecular ecology 2008 v.17 no.1 pp. 120-138
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; climate change; coasts; gene flow; indigenous species; land cover; land use; landscapes; mammals; mountains; nongovernmental organizations; nucleotide sequences; phenotypic variation; planning; sisters; California
Abstract:
... The high rate of anthropogenic impact on natural systems mandates protection of the evolutionary processes that generate and sustain biological diversity. Environmental drivers of diversification include spatial heterogeneity of abiotic and biotic agents of divergent selection, features that suppress gene flow, and climatic or geological processes that open new niche space. To explore how well suc ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03469.x
PubMed:
17725571

35. Can quarries supplement rare xeric habitats in a piedmont region? Spiders of the Blansky les Mts, Czech Republic

Author:
Tropek, R.; Konvicka, M.
Source:
Land degradation & development 2008 v.19 no.1 pp. 104-114
ISSN:
1085-3278
Subject:
piedmont; environmental degradation; anthropogenic activities; Araneae; colonizing ability; land restoration; biodiversity; endangered species; spatial distribution; ecological succession; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... Although there is growing evidence that post-industrial barrens such as quarries can harbour a substantial proportion of species diversity formerly associated with traditional rural landscapes, most of the evidence originated from limestone quarries in relatively warm areas, while minimum studies exist for cool regions and acidic substrates. We used pitfall trapping to study spiders colonising thr ...
DOI:
10.1002/ldr.817

36. Carbon source/sink function of a subtropical, eutrophic lake determined from an overall mass balance and a gas exchange and carbon burial balance

Author:
Yang, H.; Xing, Y.; Xie, P.; Ni, L.; Rong, K.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2008 v.151 no.3 pp. 559-568
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
greenhouse gases; gas exchange; subtropics; carbon; global warming; anthropogenic activities; estimation; carbon dioxide; lakes; ecosystem management; environmental exposure; water pollution; air quality; mathematical models; water quality; pollutants; eutrophication; environmental models; environmental factors; air pollution; China
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.006
PubMed:
17664033

37. Change in the forested and developed landscape of the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada, USA, 1940-2002

Author:
Raumann, Christian G.; Cablk, Mary E.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2008 v.255 no.8-9 pp. 3424-3439
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
land use change; temporal variation; landscape ecology; history; image analysis; wetlands; shrublands; tree mortality; geographic information systems; vegetation cover; watersheds; spatial data; anthropogenic activities; density; urbanization; forests; Lake Tahoe Basin Management Area; Nevada; California
Abstract:
... The current ecological state of the Lake Tahoe basin has been shaped by significant landscape-altering human activity and management practices since the mid-1850s; first through widespread timber harvesting from the 1850s to 1920s followed by urban development from the 1950s to the present. Consequences of landscape change, both from development and forest management practices including fire suppr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.028

38. Changes in flow conveyance and implication for flood protection, Sava River, Zagreb

Author:
Bonacci, Ognjen; Ljubenkov, Igor
Source:
Hydrological processes 2008 v.22 no.8 pp. 1189-1196
ISSN:
0885-6087
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; floods; risk; rivers
Abstract:
... A low-lying part of the Croatian capital, Zagreb, is exposed to flood risk from the Sava River. The biggest flood to data, with catastrophic consequences, occurred on 26 November 1964. To protect Zagreb from the Sava River floods, a flood control system was built and set in operation at the end of 1978. The Sava River's flood response changed over time as a result of this constructed system, as we ...
DOI:
10.1002/hyp.6688

39. Changes in riparian habitats along five major tributaries of the saint Lawrence river, QuÉbec, Canada: 1964-1997

Author:
Charron, Isabelle; Lalonde, Olivier; Roy, André G.; Boyer, Claudine; Turgeon, Samuel
Source:
River research and applications 2008 v.24 no.5 pp. 617-631
ISSN:
1535-1459
Subject:
aerial photography; anthropogenic activities; bank erosion; climate change; geographic information systems; habitats; human settlements; land use; landscapes; photographs; prediction; riparian areas; rivers; sediment deposition; vegetation; Canada; Saint Lawrence River
Abstract:
... This paper investigates spatiotemporal changes over a 30-year period within the riparian landscapes of five major tributaries of the Saint Lawrence River (Québec, Canada). Aerial photographs from 1964(1967) for the Saint Maurice, Saint François, Richelieu, Batiscan and Yamachiche Rivers were compared with 1997 photographs to quantify changes in vegetation and land use. The riparian zones were divi ...
DOI:
10.1002/rra.1133

40. Changes in stable isotopes, lignin-derived phenols, and fossil pigments in sediments of Lake Biwa, Japan: Implications for anthropogenic effects over the last 100 years

Author:
Hyodo, Fujio; Tsugeki, Narumi; Azuma, Jun-ichi; Urabe, Jotaro; Nakanishi, Masami; Wada, Eitaro
Source:
Science of the total environment 2008 v.403 no.1-3 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
sediments; lakes; nitrogen; phenols; fossils; paleoecology; carbon; anthropogenic activities; eutrophication; stable isotopes; pigments; Japan
Abstract:
... We measured stable nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) isotope ratios, lignin-derived phenols, and fossil pigments in sediments of known ages to elucidate the historical changes in the ecosystem status of Lake Biwa, Japan, over the last 100 years. Stable N isotope ratios and algal pigments in the sediments increased rapidly from the early 1960s to the 1980s, and then remained relatively constant, indicati ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.010
PubMed:
18585757

41. Changing boreal methane sources and constant biomass burning during the last termination

Author:
Fischer, Hubertus; Behrens, Melanie; Bock, Michael; Richter, Ulrike; Schmitt, Jochen; Loulergue, Laetitia; Chappellaz, Jerome; Spahni, Renato; Blunier, Thomas; Leuenberger, Markus
Source:
Nature 2008 v.452 no.7189 pp. 864-867
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
methane; carbon; stable isotopes; deuterium; gas emissions; burning; biomass; vegetation; anthropogenic activities; Greenland; Polar Regions
DOI:
10.1038/nature06825
PubMed:
18421351

42. Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in Forest Park in South China

Author:
Yu, Yingxin; Wen, Sheng; Lü, Huixiong; Feng, Yanli; Wang, Xinming; Sheng, Guoying; Fu, Jiamo
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 2008 v.137 no.1-3 pp. 275-285
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene); acetaldehyde; alpha-pinene; anthropogenic activities; diurnal variation; emissions; forests; formaldehyde; gases; isoprene; photooxidation; summer; volatile organic compounds; xylene; China
Abstract:
... The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C₃-C₁₀ carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10661-007-9759-2

43. Characterizing Forest Fragments in Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Ecosystems

Author:
Meddens Arjan J. H.; Hudak Andrew T.; Evans Jeffrey S.; Gould William A.; Gonzáález Grizelle
Source:
Ambio 2008 v.37 no.7 pp. 569-576
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
landscape ecology; boreal forests; roads; temperate forests; forest habitats; remote sensing; spectral analysis; Landsat; computer software; anthropogenic activities; land use; classification; forest ecosystems; population density; habitat fragmentation; vegetation structure; image analysis; tropical forests; spatial data; climatic factors; data analysis; forest types
Abstract:
... An increased ability to analyze landscapes in a spatial manner through the use of remote sensing leads to improved capabilities for quantifying human-induced forest fragmentation. Developments of spatially explicit methods in landscape analyses are emerging. In this paper, the image delineation software program eCognition and the spatial pattern analysis program FRAGSTATS were used to quantify pat ...
Handle:
10113/27909
DOI:
10.1579/0044-7447-37.7.569

44. Characterizing Long-Term Hydrologic-Response and Sediment-Transport for the R-5 Catchment

Author:
Christopher S. Heppner; Keith Loague
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2008 v.37 no.6 pp. 2181-2191
ISSN:
1537-2537
Subject:
sediment yield; temporal variation; simulation models; sediment transport; solar radiation; evapotranspiration; soil water content; highlands; longitudinal studies; infiltration (hydrology); watershed hydrology; rain intensity; spatial variation; anthropogenic activities; temperature; hydrologic models; Oklahoma
Abstract:
... Recently there have been several calls to establish long-term data collection networks to monitor near-surface hydrologic response and landscape evolution. The focus of this paper is a long-term dataset from the International Hydrologic Decade (1965–1974). The small upland catchment, known as R-5, located near Chickasha, Olahoma, has been the subject of considerable attention within the event-base ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2007.0548
PubMed:
18948471

45. Chemical and Isotopic Compositions of the Minjiang River, A Headwater Tributary of the Yangtze River

Author:
Xiao-Dong Li; Harue Masuda; Cong-Qiang Liu
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2008 v.37 no.2 pp. 409-416
ISSN:
1537-2537
Subject:
rivers; chemical composition; isotopes; anthropogenic activities; hydrogen; oxygen; sulfur; water pollution; water quality; water analysis; China
Abstract:
... We describe the anthropogenic impacts on the major dissolved elements (Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻–N, SO₄ ²⁻, and Na⁺) in the water from the Minjiang River (a headwater tributary of the Yangtze River) and upper Yangtze River in relation to increasing human activity. The major element chemistry and hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotopic compositions were investigated. When the Minjiang River flows through the popula ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2006.0554
PubMed:
18268304

46. Climate change and the nation's forests: challenges and opportunities

Author:
Bosworth, Dale; Birdsey, Richard; Joyce, Linda; Millar, Constance
Source:
Journal of forestry 2008 v.106 no.4 pp. 214-221
ISSN:
0022-1201
Subject:
forests; climate change; carbon; gas emissions; greenhouse gases; anthropogenic activities; United States

47. Climate change, boundary increase and elongation of a pre-existing cline: A case study in Drosophila ananassae

Author:
RAJPUROHIT, Subhash; PARKASH, Ravi; SINGH, Shama; RAMNIWAS, Seema
Source:
Entomological research 2008 v.38 no.4 pp. 268-275
ISSN:
1738-2297
Subject:
Drosophila; altitude; anthropogenic activities; case studies; climate change; climatic factors; cold; fecundity; genetic variation; habitats; indicator species; latitude; life history; melanization; temperature; viability; India
Abstract:
... During the past two to three decades, Drosophila ananassae, a warm adapted tropical species, has invaded low to mid altitude localities in the western Himalayas. Due to its cold sensitivity, this species had never been recorded from higher latitudes as well as altitudes in India to the 1960s. A latitudinal cline in this desiccation-sensitive species corresponds with southern humid tropical localit ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1748-5967.2008.00186.x

48. Climate controls on the variability of fires in the tropics and subtropics

Author:
Werf, Guido, R. van der; Randerson, James T.; Giglio, Louis; Gobron, Nadine; Dolman, A.J.
Source:
Global biogeochemical cycles 2008 v.22 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
0886-6236
Subject:
tropics; subtropics; tropical forests; deforestation; savannas; anthropogenic activities; climate models; forest fires; climatic factors

49. Climate variability, biological control and an insect pest outbreak on Australia's Coral Sea islets: lessons for invertebrate conservation

Author:
Greenslade, Penelope
Source:
Journal of insect conservation 2008 v.12 no.3-4 pp. 333-342
ISSN:
1366-638X
Subject:
Pisonia grandis; Pulvinaria; Tetramorium bicarinatum; anthropogenic activities; atolls; biological control; climate; corals; nitrogen; population growth; sand; scale insects; trees; Australia; Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; Indian Ocean; Samoa; Seychelles
Abstract:
... Distant tropical coral sand islets in the Coral Sea have remained isolated from major human interference since their relatively recent inception. As a result they have highly impoverished faunas and floras consisting only of species capable of long distance dispersal. Despite this bias, they have established some degree of stability or equilibrium. In the 1990s, it became apparent that a scale ins ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10841-008-9157-2

50. Climatic changes associated with a global “2°C-stabilization” scenario simulated by the ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled climate model

Author:
Wilhelm May
Source:
Climate dynamics 2008 v.31 no.2-3 pp. 283-313
ISSN:
0930-7575
Subject:
aerosols; anthropogenic activities; carbon dioxide; climate models; global warming; greenhouse gases; icebergs; latitude; methane; nitrous oxide; ozone; stratosphere; subtropics; sulfur dioxide; temperature; tropics; troposphere; Arctic region; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... In this study, concentrations of the well-mixed greenhouse gases as well as the anthropogenic sulphate aerosol load and stratospheric ozone concentrations are prescribed to the ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled climate model so that the simulated global warming does not exceed 2°C relative to pre-industrial times. The climatic changes associated with this so-called “2°C-stabilization” scenario are assessed in ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00382-007-0352-8