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1. "Amenagement en courbes de niveau," increasing rainfall capture, storage, and drainage in soils of Mali

Author:
Kablan, R.; Yost, R.S.; Brannan, K.; Doumbia, M.D.; Traore, K.; Yorote, A.; Toloba, Y.; Sissoko, S.; Samake, O.; Vaksman, M.
Source:
Arid land research and management 2008 v.22 no.1 pp. 62-80
ISSN:
1532-4982
Subject:
geographical distribution; soil water storage; plant available water; water conservation; terracing; soil water content; subsoil; drought; water stress; infiltration (hydrology); crop yield; rain; rain intensity; food security; soil fertility; field experimentation; terraces; water erosion; Mali
DOI:
10.1080/15324980701784191

2. "Amount effect" of water isotopes and quantitative analysis of post-condensation processes

Author:
Lee, Jung-Eun; Fung, Inez
Source:
Hydrological processes 2008 v.22 no.1 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0885-6087
Subject:
mathematical models; quantitative analysis; General Circulation Models; isotopes; evaporation; rain; temperature; water vapor; Japan
Abstract:
... A numerical model is proposed that describes the interaction between raindrops and water vapour near the planetary boundary layer to explain the "amount effect". This model relates the intensity to the isotopic composition of precipitation. The model resolves raindrop sizes, and explicitly includes: (1) the isotopic equilibration time of raindrops that is drop-size dependent; (2) raindrop transit ...
DOI:
10.1002/hyp.6637

3. "Be receptive to the good earth": Health, nature, and labor in countercultural back-to-the-land settlements

Author:
Edgington, R.H.
Source:
Agricultural history 2008 v.82 no.3 pp. 279-308
ISSN:
0002-1482
Subject:
agricultural history; pastoralism; United States
DOI:
10.3098/ah.2008.82.3.279
PubMed:
19260160

4. "Birdsnest" melons from Iran: Germplasm for concentrated yield in time and position

Author:
Haim Nerson; Harry S. Paris
Source:
Israel journal of plant sciences 2008 v.56 no.3 pp. 245-256
ISSN:
0792-9978
Subject:
Cucumis melo; branching; breeding lines; cucumbers; fruit set; fruits; germplasm; harvesting; hermaphroditism; hybrids; introgression; labor; muskmelons; parents; phenotype; pickling; space and time; vegetable crops; Iran
Abstract:
... Melons (Cucumis melo) are an important vegetable crop. Melons are grown mostly for their sweet mature fruits, which are eaten fresh, but elongate-fruited forms are grown for their rather bland, juicy, immature fruits, which are eaten fresh, cooked, or pickled like cucumbers. Fruit set of melons is diffuse over time and space, resulting in the need for multiple harvesting of the crop. The "b ...
DOI:
10.1560/IJPS.56.3.245

5. "Click" chemistry for in situ formation of thermoresponsive P(NIPAAm-co-HEMA)-based hydrogels

Author:
Xu, Xiao-Ding; Chen, Chang-Sheng; Wang, Zong-Chun; Wang, Gan-Rui; Cheng, Si-Xue; Zhang, Xian-Zheng; Zhuo, Ren-Xi
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2008 v.46 no.15 pp. 5263-5277
ISSN:
0887-624X
Subject:
alkynes; catalysts; copper; crosslinking; gelation; hydrocolloids; polymers; temperature
Abstract:
... The strategy for in situ chemical gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) [P(NIPAAm-co-HEMA)]-based polymers was demonstrated. Two types of new P(NIPAAm-co-HEMA) derivatives with alkyne and azide pendant groups, respectively, were prepared. When the solutions of the two derivatives were mixed together, a crosslinking reaction, a type of Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar azide-alk ...
DOI:
10.1002/pola.22857

6. "Electrokinetic Analyte Transport Assay" for α-fetoprotein immunoassay integrates mixing, reaction and separation on-chip

Author:
Kawabata, Tomohisa; Wada, Henry G.; Watanabe, Mitsuo; Satomura, Shinji
Source:
Electrophoresis 2008 v.29 no.7 pp. 1399-1406
ISSN:
0173-0835
Subject:
DNA; antibodies; antigen-antibody complex; blood; electrophoresis; immunoassays; laminar flow; liver neoplasms; mixing
Abstract:
... A rapid and highly sensitive CE immunoassay method integrating mixing, reaction, separation, and detection on-chip is described for the measurement of α-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver cancer marker in blood. Antibody-binding reagents, consisting of 245-bp DNA coupled anti-AFP WA1 antibody (DNA-WA1) and HiLyte dye-labeled anti-AFP WA2 antibody (HiLyte-WA2), and AFP-containing sample were filled into ad ...
DOI:
10.1002/elps.200700898

7. A "Glyconutrient Sham"

Author:
Schnaar, Ronald L.; Freeze, Hudson H.
Source:
Glycobiology 2008 v.18 no.9 pp. 652-657
ISSN:
0959-6658
Subject:
industry; plant extracts; sales
Abstract:
... The discipline of glycobiology contributes to our understanding of human health and disease through research, most of which is published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Recently, legitimate discoveries in glycobiology have been used as marketing tools to help sell plant extracts termed "glyconutrients." The glyconutrient industry has a worldwide sales force of over half a million people and ...
DOI:
10.1093/glycob/cwm098

8. "I don't know what you're looking for": Professional vision in Swedish agricultural extension on Nature Conservation management

Author:
Bergea, H.L.; Martin, C.; Sahlstrom, F.
Source:
Journal of agricultural education and extension 2008 v.14 no.4 pp. 329-345
ISSN:
1389-224X
Subject:
farmers' attitudes; farmers; adult learning; natural resource management; surveys; Sweden

9. "If only it would rain": Farmers' perceptions of rainfall and drought in semi-arid central Tanzania

Author:
Slegers, M.F.W.
Source:
Journal of arid environments 2008 v.72 no.11 pp. 2106-2123
ISSN:
0140-1963
Subject:
farmers' attitudes; perceptions (cognitive); rain; drought; semiarid zones; surveys; soil degradation; questionnaires; risk assessment; soil types; geographical variation; land management; water use efficiency; Tanzania
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.06.011

10. An "Integrated Firm" strategy in Asian vegetable imports

Author:
Hinson, R.A.; Westra, J.V.; Motsenbocker, C.
Source:
Journal of food distribution research 2008 v.39 no.1 pp. 148
ISSN:
0047-245X
Subject:
vegetable products; small farms; eating habits; exports; farmers; vegetable crops; marketing; Asian Americans; Honduras; North America

11. "JIP"ing along the axon: the complex roles of JIPs in axonal transport

Author:
Koushika, Sandhya P.
Source:
BioEssays 2008 v.30 no.1 pp. 10-14
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
Drosophila; axonal transport; cell culture; mammals; mitogen-activated protein kinase; proteins
Abstract:
... JIPs are JNK interacting proteins and bind to JNK cascade kinases. JIP1 and JIP3 were known to be adaptors linking cargo to Kinesin-I, a major molecular motor for axonal transport. Recent research sheds further light on JIPs' complex roles in axonal transport, namely in activation of Kinesin-I and in cargo release. In Drosophila, APLIP1/JIP1 allows the Kinesin-I complex to enable cargo release thr ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.20695

12. "Just Add Water": Regulating and Protecting the Most Common Ingredient

Author:
Tarver, Toni
Source:
Journal of food science 2008 v.73 no.1 pp. R1
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
laws and regulations; water pollution; water quality; wastewater treatment; water; drinking water; hydrologic cycle; United States
Abstract:
... The Institute of Food Technologists has issued this Scientific Status Summary to provide readers with an overview of drinking water standards and regulations, freshwater resources, water pollution and predominant sources of contamination, and the effects of agriculture and food processing on water quality and wastewater treatment. ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00611.x
PubMed:
18211361

13. "Knowing Our Place and Time": Memoir as Pedagogy

Author:
Simmons, S.R.
Source:
Journal of natural resources and life sciences education 2008 v.37 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
1059-9053
Subject:
college students; higher education; curriculum; cognition; Minnesota
Abstract:
... This article gives a perspective on the use of memoir writing as pedagogy in three undergraduate courses at the University of Minnesota in 2002, 2005, and 2006. Each of these courses explored the significance of "place" and "time" in the lives of the students. In each, the students wrote memoirs ranging from about 1500 to 5000 words in length. Selected quotations from student evaluative reflection ...

14. "No responsibility and no rice": The rise and fall of agricultural collectivization in Vietnam

Author:
Raymond, C.
Source:
Agricultural history 2008 v.82 no.1 pp. 43-62
ISSN:
0002-1482
Subject:
agricultural history; cooperatives; collective action; Vietnam
DOI:
10.3098/ah.2008.82.1.43

15. "Poorly co-ordinated structures for public science that failed us in the past"? Applying science to agriculture: A New Zealand case study

Author:
Clayton, Neil
Source:
Agricultural history 2008 v.82 no.4 pp. 445-467
ISSN:
0002-1482
Subject:
agricultural history; livestock; agriculture; phytotoxins; issues and policy; agricultural research; private sector; science education; New Zealand
DOI:
10.3098/ah.2008.82.4.445
PubMed:
19263617

16. "Push-pull" supramolecular chromophores supported on cyclopolymers

Author:
Coluccini, Carmine; Metrangolo, Pierangelo; Parachini, Marco; Pasini, Dario; Resnati, Giuseppe; Righetti, Pierpaolo
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2008 v.46 no.15 pp. 5202-5213
ISSN:
0887-624X
Subject:
ethers; ions; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymers; titration
Abstract:
... Well-defined macromolecules have been obtained through free-radical cyclopolymerization and cyclocopolymerization of difunctional and acrylic-like monomers, which contained "push-pull" supramolecular chromophores, able to form 1:1 complexes with Eu³⁺ ions in solution. The monomeric molecular modules are built around bismalonate crown ethers in a convergent fashion, in which one of the malonate moi ...
DOI:
10.1002/pola.22848

17. "Scores on doors": hygiene disclosure schemes for consumers

Author:
Worsfold, D.; Worsfold, P.M.
Source:
Nutrition and food science 2008 v.38 no.1 pp. 22-31
ISSN:
0034-6659
Subject:
consumer information; consumer surveys; consumer preferences; foodborne illness; restaurants; food safety; hygiene; United Kingdom
DOI:
10.1108/00346650810847981

18. "The Calamity of So Long Life": Life Histories, Contaminants, and Potential Emerging Threats to Long-lived Vertebrates

Author:
Rowe, Christopher L.
Source:
BioScience 2008 v.58 no.7 pp. 623-631
ISSN:
0006-3568
Subject:
life history; marine mammals; reptiles; animal reproduction; birds of prey; pollutants; population dynamics; environmental exposure
DOI:
10.1641/B580709

19. "The Horizon opened up very greatly": Leland O. Howard and the transition to chemical insecticides in the United States, 1894-1927

Author:
McWilliams, James E.
Source:
Agricultural history 2008 v.82 no.4 pp. 468-495
ISSN:
0002-1482
Subject:
insecticides; insect control; agrochemicals; synthetic products; agricultural history; United States
DOI:
10.3098/ah.2008.82.4.468
PubMed:
19266680

20. "The extension service is not an integration agency" : The idea of race in the Cooperative Extension Service

Author:
Harris, C.V.
Source:
Agricultural history 2008 v.82 no.2 pp. 193-219
ISSN:
0002-1482
Subject:
agricultural history; agricultural education; extension education; U.S. Cooperative Extension Service; races; African Americans; United States
DOI:
10.3098/ah.2008.82.2.193
PubMed:
19856535

21. "The white stuff?" An investigation into consumer evaluation of the Scottish celebrity milk marketing campaign

Author:
Bower, J.A.; Mateer, N.
Source:
Nutrition and food science 2008 v.38 no.2 pp. 164-174
ISSN:
0034-6659
Subject:
men; food marketing; women; age; gender differences; milk; consumer attitudes; advertising; perceptions (cognitive); adults; Scotland
DOI:
10.1108/00346650810863046

22. "They all work...when you stick to them": A qualitative investigation of dieting, weight loss, and physical exercise, in obese individuals

Author:
Samantha L Thomas; Jim Hyde; Asuntha Karunaratne; Rick Kausman; Paul A Komesaroff
Source:
Nutrition journal 2008 v.7 no.1 pp. 34
ISSN:
1475-2891
Subject:
exercise; obesity; people; public health; qualitative analysis; social change; social networks; weight loss
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: To explore the extent to which people living with obesity have attempted to lose weight, their attitudes towards dieting, physical exercise and weight loss solutions, why their weight loss attempts have failed, and their opinions about what would be most beneficial to them in their struggle with their weight. METHOD: Qualitative study, using open-ended interviews, of 76 people living w ...
DOI:
10.1186/1475-2891-7-34

23. "What Exactly Are You Inferring?" a Closer Look at Hypothesis Testing [Erratum: 2008 July, v. 27, no. 7, p. 1633.]

Author:
Newman, Michael C.
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2008 v.27 no.5 pp. 1013-1019
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
ecotoxicology; environment; statistical analysis; prediction; estimation; environmental models
Abstract:
... This critical review describes the confused application of significance tests in environmental toxicology and chemistry that often produces incorrect inferences and indefensible regulatory decisions. Following a brief review of statistical testing theory, nine recommendations are put forward. The first is that confidence intervals be used instead of hypothesis tests whenever possible. The remainin ...
DOI:
10.1897/07-373.1

24. "Who" Is Saying "What"? Brain-Based Decoding of Human Voice and Speech

Author:
Formisano, Elia; De Martino, Federico; Bonte, Milene; Goebel, Rainer
Source:
Science 2008 v.322 no.5903 pp. 970-973
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
acoustics; algorithms; brain; cortex; humans; magnetic resonance imaging; speech
Abstract:
... Can we decipher speech content ("what" is being said) and speaker identity ("who" is saying it) from observations of brain activity of a listener? Here, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging with a data-mining algorithm and retrieve what and whom a person is listening to from the neural fingerprints that speech and voice signals elicit in the listener's auditory cortex. These cortical f ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1164318

25. A "click" approach to ROMP block copolymers

Author:
Hilf, Stefan; Hanik, Nils; Kilbinger, Andreas F.M.
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2008 v.46 no.9 pp. 2913-2921
ISSN:
0887-624X
Subject:
composite polymers; polyethylene glycol; polymerization; ruthenium
Abstract:
... Amphiphilic block copolymers can be conveniently prepared via convergent syntheses, allowing each individual polymer block to be prepared via the polymerization technique that gives the best architectural control. The convergent "click-chemistry" route presented here, gives access to amphiphilic diblock copolymers prepared from a ring opening metathesis polymer and polyethylene glycol. Because of ...
DOI:
10.1002/pola.22622

26. The "comonomer effect" in ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization using homogeneous and silica-supported Cp₂ZrCl₂/MAO catalyst systems: Some insights from the kinetics of polymerization, active center studies, and polymerization temperature

Author:
Awudza, Johannes A.M.; Tait, Peter J.T.
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2008 v.46 no.1 pp. 267-277
ISSN:
0887-624X
Subject:
catalysts; ethylene; polymerization; polymers; silica; temperature
Abstract:
... Homogeneous and silica-supported Cp₂ZrCl₂/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst systems have been used for the copolymerization of ethylene with 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methylpentene-1 (4-MP-1), and 1-octene in order to compare the "comonomer effect" obtained with a homogeneous metallocene-based catalyst system with that obtained using a heterogenized form of the same metallocene-based catalyst system. T ...
DOI:
10.1002/pola.22378

27. A "plug and play" polymer through biocomplementary hydrogen bonding

Author:
Cheng, Chih-Chia; Huang, Chih-Feng; Yen, Ying-Chieh; Chang, Feng-Chih
Source:
Journal of polymer science 2008 v.46 no.19 pp. 6416-6424
ISSN:
0887-624X
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-radiation; X-ray diffraction; adenine; alkylation; chemical structure; differential scanning calorimetry; dimethyl sulfoxide; hydrogen bonding; light scattering; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; polymers; thymine; titration
Abstract:
... This article describes a DNA-like polymer that exhibits the ability to self-assemble through hydrogen bonding. We synthesized poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)thymine] (PVBT) and 9-hexadecyladenine (A-C16) through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and alkylation, respectively. Biocomplementary PVBT/A-C16 hierarchical supramolecular complexes formed in dilute DMSO solution through nucleobase reco ...
DOI:
10.1002/pola.22949

28. The "street light syndrome", or how protein taxonomy can bias experimental manipulations

Author:
Markov, Gabriel; Lecointre, Guillaume; Demeneix, Barbara; Laudet, Vincent
Source:
BioEssays 2008 v.30 no.4 pp. 349-357
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
bioinformatics; genomics; phylogeny; proteins; taxonomy
Abstract:
... In the genomics era, bioinformatic analysis, especially in non-model species, facilitates the identification and naming of numerous new proteins, the function of which is then inferred through homology searches. Here, we question certain aspects of these approaches. What are the criteria that permit such a determination? What are their limits? Naming is classifying. We review the different criteri ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.20730

29. "uzice beef prshuta": influence of different salting processes on sensory properties

Author:
TOMIĆ, NIKOLA; TOMAŠEVIĆ, IGOR; RADOVANOVIĆ, RADOMIR; RAJKOVIĆ, ANDREJA
Source:
Journal of muscle foods 2008 v.19 no.3 pp. 237-246
ISSN:
1046-0756
Subject:
analysis of variance; beef; beef carcasses; curing (food products); muscles; salt content; salting; sensory evaluation; sensory properties
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine salt penetration dynamics during the muscle-salting process with and without vacuum tumbling, as well as to investigate the influence of these two different salting treatments on sensory properties of "Uzice Beef Prshuta," a traditional Serbian dry-cured meat product. Twenty-four samples of two different muscles obtained from beef carcasses were analyzed: 12 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1745-4573.2008.00111.x

30. 'A posteriori' searching for phenotypic characters to describe new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Dictyonellidae : Scopalina)

Author:
Blanquer, Andrea; Uriz, Maria-J.
Source:
Invertebrate systematics 2008 v.22 no.5 pp. 489-502
ISSN:
1445-5226
Subject:
coasts; color; genetic markers; growth habit; new species; sediments; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; Canary Islands
Abstract:
... Cryptic speciation is repeatedly reported in sponge taxonomic studies. Most of the cryptic species, which were revealed by molecular markers, have never been formally described owing to the difficulty in finding diagnostic phenotypic characters. A previous molecular study revealed four genetically distinct species that had been misidentified as Scopalina lophyropoda Schmidt. One species was S. lop ...
DOI:
10.1071/IS07004

31. 'All Salted?' Reducing salt intake in young parents and their children

Author:
Pobi, S.
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2008 v.33 no.3 pp. 247-249
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
low sodium diet; children; parents; young adults; food intake; Dietary Guidelines; nutrition education; nutritional adequacy; eating habits; parent education; food and nutrition programs; life skills; consumer education
DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-3010.2008.00714.x

32. 'Best before period once opened' for honey samples from oceanic climates on the basis of their acidity types

Author:
Mar Cavia, María del; Fernández-Muiño, Miguel A.; Francisco Huidobro, José; Teresa Sancho, María
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2008 v.43 no.11 pp. 1929-1934
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
acid value; acidity; ambient temperature; analysis of variance; climate; honey; pH; quality control
Abstract:
... Stability of food is of particular interest, as we should know the period for which a given food maintains its original quality. Acidity is a very important parameter as regards honey quality control. In this study we analysed a possible 'best before period once opened', regarding the evolution of acidity in honey throughout 30 months in samples from regions with oceanic climates. The study was ca ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01795.x

33. 'Buchu' -Agathosma betulina and Agathosma crenulata (Rutaceae): A review

Author:
Moolla, A.; Viljoen, A.M.
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2008 v.119 no.3 pp. 413-419
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
traditional medicine; Agathosma betulina; wild plants; essential oils; medicinal plants; medicinal properties; plant physiology; pharmacokinetics; herbal medicines; South Africa
Abstract:
... South Africa has offered the world two indigenous aromatic plants from which commercially important natural products have been developed: Pelargonium graveolens (and its hybrids) the source of geranium oil and Agathosma betulina, from which 'Buchu' oil is produced. Despite the historical use of 'Buchu' and the commercial interest developed around this coveted indigenous resource the (limited) rese ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.036
PubMed:
18725278

34. 'David and Goliath' of the soil food web--Flagellates that kill nematodes

Author:
Bjornlund, L.; Ronn, R.
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2008 v.40 no.8 pp. 2032-2039
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
food webs; soil bacteria; soil nematodes; flagellum; Protozoa; species diversity; population density; ecological competition; Caenorhabditis elegans
Abstract:
... Nematodes and flagellates are important bacterial predators in soil and sediments. Generally, these organisms are considered to be competitors for bacterial food. We studied the interaction among flagellates and nematodes using axenic liquid cultures amended with heat-killed bacteria as food and showed for the first time that a small and common soil flagellate (Cercomonas sp.) is able to attack an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.04.011

35. 'Decomposer' Basidiomycota in Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems

Author:
Ludley, K.E.; Robinson, C.H.
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2008 v.40 no.1 pp. 11-29
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
ecological function; soil fungi; community structure; tundra soils; cold soils; climate change; carbon; species diversity; microbial detection; biodegradation; Basidiomycota; Antarctic region; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Current knowledge concerning 'decomposer' Basidiomycota in Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems is based on two sources: (a) collections and surveys of basidiomata, which have resulted in high-quality catalogues of species, although much of the species' distribution and ecology are tentative and (b) isolations from soils and plant litter which typically result in a “low incidence of basidiomycetes” [Do ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.023

36. 'Geo'chemical research: A key building block for nuclear waste disposal safety cases

Author:
Altmann, Scott
Source:
Journal of contaminant hydrology 2008 v.102 no.3-4 pp. 174-179
ISSN:
0169-7722
Subject:
geochemistry; hazardous waste; hosts; mass transfer; model validation; permeability; politics; radionuclides; sorption; waste disposal; Belgium; France; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Disposal of high level radioactive waste in deep underground repositories has been chosen as solution by several countries. Because of the special status this type waste has in the public mind, national implementation programs typically mobilize massive R&D efforts, last decades and are subject to extremely detailed and critical social-political scrutiny. The culminating argument of each program i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.09.012
PubMed:
19008019

37. 'Good-genes' and 'compatible-genes' effects in an Alpine whitefish and the information content of breeding tubercles over the course of the spawning season

Author:
Wedekind, Claus; Evanno, Guillaume; Urbach, Davnah; Jacob, Alain; Müller, Rudolf
Source:
Genetica 2008 v.134 no.1 pp. 21-30
ISSN:
0016-6707
Subject:
Coregonus; breeding; embryonic mortality; fathers; females; genes; males; models; progeny; sexual selection; spawning
Abstract:
... Some models of sexual selection predict that individuals vary in their genetic quality and reveal some of this variation in their secondary sexual characteristics. Alpine whitefish (Coregonus sp.) develop breeding tubercles shortly before their spawning season. These tubercles are epidermal structures that are distributed regularly along the body sides of both males and females. There is still muc ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10709-008-9251-0
PubMed:
18327648

38. 'I'm getting desperate': what we know about farmers' markets that fail

Author:
Stephenson, Garry; Lev, Larry; Brewer, Linda
Source:
Renewable agriculture and food systems 2008 v.23 no.3 pp. 188-199
Subject:
funding; direct marketing; job training; human resources management; business management; farmers' markets; business planning; Oregon
Abstract:
... This paper explores hidden problems amid the impressive expansion of farmers' markets in Oregon and throughout the United States. Although markets are growing in number, a surprisingly large number of them fail. A challenge for many markets is inadequate revenue to support market operations such as paying for the management personnel to perform functions necessary to grow and sustain markets. Smal ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1742170507002153

39. 'Integrative taxonomy' then and now: a response to Dayrat (2005)

Author:
VALDECASAS, ANTONIO G.; WILLIAMS, DAVID; WHEELER, QUENTIN D.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2008 v.93 no.1 pp. 211-216
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
guidelines; research methods; taxonomy
Abstract:
... Deep misunderstandings still besiege taxonomy after more than 200 years of fruitful output. It has been asserted in this journal that taxonomy should be integrative and conform to a series of restrictive guidelines. We show that taxonomy has been integrative for most of its history although, in our sense, integrative does not mean the indiscriminate pooling of any source of data. The guidelines pr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00919.x

40. 'Late Mobilization': Transnational Peasant Networks and Grassroots Organizing in Brazil and South Africa

Author:
BALETTI, BRENDA; JOHNSON, TAMARA M.; WOLFORD, WENDY
Source:
Journal of agrarian change 2008 v.8 no.2-3 pp. 290-314
ISSN:
1471-0358
Subject:
activists; citizen participation; international cooperation; interpersonal relationships; nongovernmental organizations; peasantry; politics; rural sociology; social environment; social networks; Brazil; South Africa
Abstract:
... In this paper, we analyze the political dynamics of the contemporary 'transnational peasant network' through a comparison of two movements: the Brazilian Movimento Dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) and the South African Landless People's Movement (LPM). We argue that transnational visions of 'peasants' often obscure relations between or within rural movements. One tangible benefit of the tr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-0366.2008.00171.x

41. The 'Little Ice Age' glacial expansion in western Scandinavia: summer temperature or winter precipitation

Author:
Nesje, A.; Dahl, S. O.; Thun, T.; Nordli, Ø.
Source:
Climate dynamics 2008 v.30 no.7-8 pp. 789-801
ISSN:
0930-7575
Subject:
climate; glaciers; seasonal development; snow; summer; temperature; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... Reconstructing the temporal and spatial climate development on a seasonal basis during the last few centuries, including the 'Little Ice Age', may help us better understand modern-day interplay between natural and anthropogenic climate variability. The conventional view of the climate development during the last millennium has been that it followed a sequence of a Medieval Warm Period, a cool 'Lit ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00382-007-0324-z

42. 'Microbigation': delivery of biological control agents through drip irrigation systems

Author:
Boari, Angela; Zuccari, Diego; Vurro, Maurizio
Source:
Irrigation science 2008 v.26 no.2 pp. 101-107
ISSN:
0342-7188
Subject:
biological treatment; conidia; emitters (equipment); biological control agents; Fusarium oxysporum; farmers; microirrigation; Purpureocillium lilacinum; irrigated farming; Trichoderma lixii; markets; filters; greenhouses
Abstract:
... The uniform and precise application of microbial particles close to the target organism and to the plant to be protected can increase the success of a biological control treatment. The use of systems or technologies which are usually available in agriculture could influence the acceptability of biocontrol agents by farmers, and enlarge the market. A pilot system was realized using dripper lines, d ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00271-007-0076-x

43. 'My land, your social transformation': Conflicts within the landless people movement (MST), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Author:
Caldeira, R.
Source:
Journal of rural studies 2008 v.24 no.2 pp. 150-160
ISSN:
0743-0167
Subject:
land reform; Brazil
Abstract:
... The Brazilian Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) is one of the best-known and most prominent rural social movements. The unequal distribution of land in Brazil, and the neglect of this problem by successive Brazilian governments contributed greatly to the organisation of rural movements striving for the implementation of land reform in the country. The struggle for land therefore f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.12.001

44. 'Senescence-associated vacuoles' are involved in the degradation of chloroplast proteins in tobacco leaves

Author:
Martínez, Dana E.; Costa, María L.; Gomez, Facundo M.; Otegui, Marisa S.; Guiamet, Juan J.
Source:
Plant journal 2008 v.56 no.2 pp. 196-206
ISSN:
0960-7412
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Nicotiana tabacum; confocal microscopy; density gradient centrifugation; enzyme activity; ethylene; glutamate-ammonia ligase; leaves; light harvesting complex; photosystem II; proteinase inhibitors; proteolysis; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; soybeans; sucrose; thylakoids; tobacco; vacuoles
Abstract:
... Massive degradation of photosynthetic proteins is the hallmark of leaf senescence; however the mechanism involved in chloroplast protein breakdown is not completely understood. As small 'senescence-associated vacuoles' (SAVs) with intense proteolytic activity accumulate in senescing leaves of soybean and Arabidopsis, the main goal of this work was to determine whether SAVs are involved in the degr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03585.x
PubMed:
18564383

45. 'Social heterosis' as a process that maintains genetic variation - a comment

Author:
SANTOS, M.
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2008 v.21 no.2 pp. 625-630
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
alleles; genetic variation; genotype; heterosis; linkage disequilibrium; loci; probability; progeny; reproduction
Abstract:
... In the 'mating pool' mode of reproduction, offspring genotypes at each generation are taken randomly from a common population and subdivided into groups where individuals representing a finite sample from the pooled distribution reproduce proportional to their fitness. Assuming that genetically diverse groups contribute more offspring, a recent article by Nonacs & Kapheim [J. Evol. Biol. 20 (2007) ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01484.x
PubMed:
18179514

46. 'Splendid rains have fallen': links between El Niño and rainfall variability in the Kalahari, 1840-1900

Author:
Nash, David J.; Endfield, Georgina H.
Source:
Climatic change 2008 v.86 no.3-4 pp. 257-290
ISSN:
0165-0009
Subject:
El Nino; drought; history; rain; seasonal variation; summer; temperature; Kalahari Desert
Abstract:
... This study uses a range of published and unpublished historical documentary sources to explore the nature of rainfall variability in the Kalahari Desert and adjacent hardveld regions of central southern Africa during the seventeen Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes that occurred between 1840 and 1900. Documentary data are used in two ways. First, maps of relative annual rainfall ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10584-007-9274-z

47. 'Toolbox' helps responders plan disease outbreak surveillance

Author:
Kasari, Tom
Source:
National Animal Health Surveillance System outlook 2008 no.17 pp. 256-270
Subject:
disease surveillance; disease outbreaks; information sources
Handle:
10113/27392

48. 'What's so special about family business?' An exploratory study of UK and Irish consumer experiences of family businesses

Author:
Carrigan, Marylyn; Buckley, Joan
Source:
International journal of consumer studies 2008 v.32 no.6 pp. 656-666
ISSN:
1470-6423
Subject:
consumer attitudes; family-owned businesses; rural communities; social cohesion; Ireland; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... While family-owned businesses are considered to have specific advantages in customer relationships, limited research has been conducted into how these abilities are developed or understood by the public. Consumers may indeed perceive family businesses differently from non-family businesses, but this aspect has received scant attention within the literature. This paper sets out exploratory work des ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00696.x

49. A 'Yang-Invigorating' Chinese herbal formula protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Author:
Poon, Michel K.T.; Chiu, P.Y.; Leung, H.Y.; Siu, Ada H.L.; Ko, K.M.
Source:
Phytotherapy research 2008 v.22 no.1 pp. 131-133
ISSN:
0951-418X
Subject:
antioxidants; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; nephrotoxicity; rats
Abstract:
... The effects of VI-28 (a Yang-invigorating Chinese herbal formula) treatment on the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system and susceptibility to gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated in rats. VI-28 treatment (80 or 240 mg/kg/day x 12) enhanced the renal mitochondrial antioxidant system, as indicated by dose-dependent increases in the level/activities of reduced glutathione, Mn-superox ...
DOI:
10.1002/ptr.2257
PubMed:
17685390

50. The 'beneficial' adipokines in reproduction and fertility

Author:
Campos, D.B.; Palin, M.F.; Bordignon, V.; Murphy, B.D.
Source:
International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2008 v.32 no.2 pp. 223-231
ISSN:
0307-0565
Subject:
follicular development; adiponectin; women; adipose tissue; signal transduction; cytokines; uterus; hormone metabolism; human fertility
DOI:
10.1038/sj.ijo.0803719
PubMed:
17923861

51. The 'desert syndrome' - causally-linked factors that characterise outback Australia

Author:
Stafford Smith, Mark
Source:
Rangeland journal 2008 v.30 no.1 pp. 3-14
ISSN:
1036-9872
Subject:
arid zones; primary productivity; rural policy; cultural differences; population distribution; indigenous knowledge; deserts; cultural environment; market access; population density; human population; rural areas; social environment; climatic factors; rural sociology; indigenous peoples; Australia
Abstract:
... The desert knowledge community has been motivated by the assertion that outback Australia is characterised by a set of features that are not individually unique, but which together cause it to function in ways that are fundamentally different to other physical and social environments. This paper sets out to appraise this assertion. It documents the evidence for the individual features - (i) climat ...
DOI:
10.1071/RJ07063

52. The 'habitat backbone' as strategy to conserve pioneer species in dynamic port habitats: lessons from the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in the Port of Antwerp (Belgium)

Author:
Snep, Robbert P. H.; Ottburg, Fabrice G. W. A.
Source:
Landscape ecology 2008 v.23 no.10 pp. 1277-1289
ISSN:
0921-2973
Subject:
Bufo; European Union; biodiversity; carrying capacity; habitats; land use; local government; nongovernmental organizations; pioneer species; planning; public lands; toads; vegetation; Belgium
Abstract:
... Biodiversity conservation in economic areas like ports has recently become more important in the European Union due to a stricter interpretation of nature protection laws. In this study we develop a planning and design strategy--the 'habitat backbone'--with which to support the long-term survival of pioneer species that occur in ports and have low dispersal abilities. For those species, long-term ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10980-008-9266-z

53. The 'omics' tools: genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and their potential for solving the aflatoxin contamination problem

Author:
D. Bhatnagar; K. Rajasekaran; G. Payne; R. Brown; J. Yu; T. Cleveland
Source:
World mycotoxin journal 2008 v.1 no.1 pp. 3-12
ISSN:
1875-0796
Subject:
Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxins; control methods; crops; environmental factors; food contamination; fungi; genomics; host plants; metabolomics; proteomics; secondary metabolites; toxigenic strains
Abstract:
... Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced primarily by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination of food and feed is an age old problem of particular concern over the last four decades. Now, for the first time control measures for this problem appear within reach. For practical and sustainable control of aflatoxin contamination to be ...
DOI:
10.3920/WMJ2008.x001

54. The 'oriental' component of the Balkan flora: evidence of presence on the Thracian Plain during the Weichselian late-glacial

Author:
Magyari, E.K.; Chapman, J.C.; Gaydarska, B.; Marinova, E.; Deli, T.; Huntley, J.P.; Allen, J.R.M.; Huntley, B.
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2008 v.35 no.5 pp. 865-883
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
Alnus; Celtis; Fraxinus; Juniperus; Rosaceae; age determination; basins; biogeography; climate change; climatic factors; flora; forests; hydrology; microspores; molluscs; pollen; sediment deposition; sediments; steppes; viability; wetlands; wood; Bulgaria; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... To obtain palaeobotanical evidence enabling evaluation of the viability of the hypothesis that the 'oriental' element of the Balkan flora reached south-east Europe from Turkey prior to the Holocene, probably via the Thracian Plain during a late Quaternary glacial stage but no later than the late Weichselian. Ezero wetland, northern Thracian Plain, Bulgaria. We undertook analyses of pollen and micr ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01849.x

55. The 'shifting baseline' phenomenon: a global perspective

Author:
Pinnegar, John K.; Engelhard, Georg H.
Source:
Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 2008 v.18 no.1 pp. 1-16
ISSN:
0960-3166
Subject:
biomass; climatic factors; ecosystems; fish; fisheries; genetic techniques and protocols; islands; mortality; traditional technology
Abstract:
... In this paper we demonstrate that low level 'artisanal' fishing can dramatically affect populations of slow-growing, late-maturing animals and that even on remote oceanic islands, stocks have been depleted and ecosystems degraded for millennia. Industrialised fisheries have developed during different decades in different regions of the world, and this has almost always been followed by a period of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11160-007-9058-6

56. The 'viability' and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia

Author:
Smith, Mark Stafford; Moran, Mark; Seemann, Kurt
Source:
Rangeland journal 2008 v.30 no.1 pp. 123-135
ISSN:
1036-9872
Subject:
rural economics; rural development; rural communities; indigenous peoples; human settlements; pastoralism; issues and policy; deserts; Australia
Abstract:
... There is a continuing policy debate about whether it is possible to have sustainable small settlements in outback regions of Australia, where there is low and variable primary production and a sparse and mobile population. This debate is focused largely on Aboriginal settlements, but applies equally to all desert dwellers. In this contribution, we review the sources of economic flows through settl ...
DOI:
10.1071/RJ07048

57. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin levels of concentrated and ready-to-drink grape juices through storage

Author:
Gollücke, Andréa Pittelli Boiago; de Souza, Jane Cristina; de Queiroz Tavares, Débora
Source:
International journal of food science & technology 2008 v.43 no.10 pp. 1855-1859
ISSN:
0950-5423
Subject:
cultivars; flavanols; free radical scavengers; grape juice; grapes; pasteurization; phenols; storage conditions
Abstract:
... Commercial concentrated Concord (CCJ) and Isabel (CIJ) grapes juices were stored at 4-5 °C while pasteurised ready-to-drink juices of the same grape cultivars (PCJ and PIJ) were kept at 20-25 °C under indirect light for 10 months, simulating industrial storage conditions. (+)-catechin preservation during storage ranged between 63% (PCJ) and 52% (PIJ); (-)-epicatechin retention was of 32% (CCJ) and ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01733.x

58. (+)-Catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and gallic acid content of seeds of hybrid grapes hardy in Missouri

Author:
Applequist, W.L.; Johnson, H.; Rottinghaus, G.
Source:
American journal of enology and viticulture 2008 v.59 no.1 pp. 98-102
ISSN:
0002-9254
Subject:
epicatechin; gallic acid; high-yielding varieties; interspecific hybridization; grape seed extract; cybrids; Vitis vinifera; wine cultivars; catechin; antioxidants; Missouri

59. (+)-Vitisin A inhibits influenza A virus-induced RANTES production in A549 alveolar epithelial cells through interference with Akt and STAT1 phosphorylation

Author:
Huang, Y.L.; Loke, S.H.; Hsu, C.C.; Chiou, W.F.
Source:
Planta medica 2008 v.74 no.2 pp. 156-162
ISSN:
0032-0943
Subject:
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; protein kinases; stilbenes; humans; phytochemicals; Influenza A virus; epithelial cells; signal transduction; Vitis; cultured cells; protein phosphorylation; chemokines
DOI:
10.1055/s-2007-993786
PubMed:
18240103

60. (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis through Bax- and caspase-dependent pathways in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells

Author:
Chen, Chung-Yi; Liu, Tsan-Zon; Tseng, Wei-Cheng; Lu, Fung-Jou; Hung, Ray-Ping; Chen, Chi-Hung; Chen, Ching-Hsein
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2008 v.46 no.8 pp. 2694-2702
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
human diseases; human cell lines; DNA damage; alkaloids; dose response; uterine cervical neoplasms; protein synthesis; proteins; kidney cells; Michelia; reactive oxygen species; nitric oxide; membrane potential; caspases; enzyme inhibitors; mitochondria; glutathione; apoptosis; anticarcinogenic activity
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.024

61. (-)-Xanthienopyran, a new inhibitor of superoxide anion generation by activated neutrophils, and further constituents of the seeds of Xanthium strumarium

Author:
Lee, Chia-Lin; Huang, Po-Ching; Hsieh, Pei-Wen; Hwang, Tsong-Long; Hou, Yu-Yi; Chang, Fang-Rong; Wu, Yang-Chang
Source:
Planta medica 2008 v.74 no.10 pp. 1276-1279
ISSN:
0032-0943
Subject:
cytotoxins; Xanthium strumarium; seeds; humans; cytotoxicity; pyrans; medicinal plants; aldehydes; superoxide anion; neutrophils; cultured cells; spectral analysis; xanthine; chemical structure; Oriental traditional medicine; anticarcinogenic activity
DOI:
10.1055/s-2008-1081295

62. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate hampers collagen destruction and collagenase activation in ultraviolet-B-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts: Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase

Author:
Bae, J.Y.; Choi, J.S.; Choi, Y.J.; Shin, S.Y.; Kang, S.W.; Han, S.J.; Kang, Y.H.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2008 v.46 no.4 pp. 1298-1307
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
viability; dose response; fibroblasts; reactive oxygen species; proteolysis; collagen; collagenase; epigallocatechin; ultraviolet radiation; mitogen-activated protein kinase
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.112

63. (1 leads to 3), (1 leads to 4) - beta-glucan and bound phenolics in rolled oats

Author:
Nara, Kazuhiro; Kikuchi, Sawa; Nakata, Tamie; Maeda, Naomi; Yamada, Yasufumi; Sone, Masaki; Noguchi, Hideo; Koga, Hidenori
Source:
Food science and technology research 2008 v.14 no.5 pp. 485-492
ISSN:
1344-6606
Subject:
extracts; foods; fractionation; glucose; oats; xylose; rolling; arabinose; free radical scavengers; food composition; antioxidant activity; beta-glucans; ferulic acid; chemical structure
DOI:
10.3136/fstr.14.485

64. (Cu, Fe, Co, or Ni)-doped tin dioxide films deposited by spray pyrolysis: doping influence on film morphology

Author:
G. Korotcenkov; V. Brinzari; I. Boris
Source:
Journal of materials science 2008 v.43 no.8 pp. 2761-2770
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; additives; atomic force microscopy; cobalt; copper; crystallites; iron; nickel; pyrolysis; scanning electron microscopy; temperature; texture; tin
Abstract:
... The results of structural characterization of SnO₂ films doped by impurities such as Fe, Cu, Ni, and Co during spray pyrolysis deposition from 0.2 M SnCl₄–water solutions are presented. The change of parameters such as film morphology, the grain size, texture, and the intensity of X-ray diffraction peaks were controlled. For structural analysis of tested films, we used X-ray Diffraction, Scanning ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-008-2486-4

65. (E,E)-α-Farnesene, an Alarm Pheromone of the Termite Prorhinotermes canalifrons

Author:
Šobotník, Jan; Hanus, Robert; Kalinová, Blanka; Piskorski, Rafal; Cvačka, Josef; Bourguignon, Thomas; Roisin, Yves
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 2008 v.34 no.4 pp. 478-486
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
chemical composition; dose response; electroantennography; Rhinotermitidae; soldier insects; insect communication; farnesene; exocrine glands; electrophysiology; antennae; alarm pheromones
Abstract:
... The behavioral and electroantennographic responses of Prorhinotermes canalifrons to its soldier frontal gland secretion, and two separated major components of the secretion, (E)-1-nitropentadec-1-ene and (E,E)-α-farnesene, were studied in laboratory experiments. Behavioral experiments showed that both the frontal gland secretion and (E,E)-α-farnesene triggered alarm reactions in P. canalifrons, wh ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10886-008-9450-2

66. (Iso)-Quinoline Alkaloids from Fungal Fruiting Bodies of Cortinarius subtortus

Author:
Teichert, A.; Schmidt, J.; Porzel, A.; Arnold, N.; Wessjohann, L.
Source:
Journal of natural products 2008 v.71 no.6 pp. 1092-1094
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
Cortinarius; isoquinoline alkaloids; quinoline alkaloids; chemical structure; spectral analysis; antifungal properties; Colletotrichum coccodes; antioxidant activity; carboxylic acids
DOI:
10.1021/np8000859
PubMed:
18447384

67. (R)-(+)-limonene, kairomone for Dastarcus helophoroides, a natural enemy of longhorned beetles

Author:
Wei, Jian-Rong; Yang, Zhong-Qi; Hao, Hui-Ling; Du, Jia-Wei
Source:
Agricultural and forest entomology 2008 v.10 no.4 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
1461-9555
Subject:
Anoplophora glabripennis; Monochamus alternatus; Quercus; adults; cages; chemical substances; frass; gas chromatography; hosts; larvae; mass spectrometry; natural enemies; odors; parasitism; trees; wood
Abstract:
... 1 Chemical cues involved in host location by Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae), a parasitoid of Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, Monochamus alternatus Hope, Massicus raddei (Blessig), Apriona germari (Hope), Apriona swainsoni (Hope) and Batocera horsfielde (Hope) in the family Cerambycidae, were investigated in a Y-tube olfactometer. Responses of D. helophoroides ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1461-9563.2008.00384.x

68. (Re-)building governance in post-conflict Africa: the role of the state and informal institutions

Author:
Daniel G. Ogbaharya
Source:
Development in practice 2008 v.18 no.3 pp. 395-402
ISSN:
1364-9213
Subject:
empirical research; governance; human development; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... Post-conflict governance is an increasingly important aspect of foreign development assistance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the weakening and disintegration of the state undermine sustainable human development. A major challenge in post-conflict rebuilding in SSA concerns the incorporation of subnational non-state structures and informal institutions into the post-conflict governance apparat ...
DOI:
10.1080/09614520802030482

69. (Z)-12-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in Sesbania aculeata seed oil

Author:
Parveen, Humaira; Rauf, Abdul
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2008 v.27 no.1 pp. 118-122
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Sesbania bispinosa; seed oils; fatty acid composition; chemical structure; industrial oils; fatty acids; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... On the basis of various industrial importances of hydroxyl fatty acids we have investigated Sesbania aculeata seed oil. The most interesting finding is the presence of a hydroxyolefinic fatty acid (9.24%) along with other usual fatty acids such as lauric (2.51%), myristic (0.37%), palmitic (10.94%), palmitoleic (3.54%), stearic (4.02%), oleic (17.10%), linoleic (45.92%), linolenic (5.29%), arachid ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.08.007

70. (n-6) and (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Aging Brain: Food for Thought

Author:
Whelan, Jay
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2521-2522
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; emotions; brain; lipid metabolism; central nervous system diseases; elderly nutrition; polyunsaturated fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; omega-6 fatty acids
Abstract:
... Over the last decade, the role of dietary PUFA in growth, development, and cognitive function in the infant has been a topic at numerous national and international meetings. Only recently has the role of PUFA been more seriously examined as they relate to the aging brain. In fact, a search of the literature reveals very few randomized control trials exploring this research area. However, the liter ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095943
PubMed:
19022982

71. (n-7) and (n-9) cis-monounsaturated fatty acid contents of 12 Brassica species

Author:
Barthet, V.J.
Source:
Phytochemistry 2008 v.69 no.2 pp. 411-417
ISSN:
0031-9422
Subject:
vaccenic acid; oleic acid; fatty acid composition; Crambe abyssinica; Sinapis alba; Brassica tournefortii; Brassica juncea; oilseeds; Brassica napus; Brassica rapa; Camelina sativa; Brassica carinata; chemotaxonomy; Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
Abstract:
... cis-Vaccenic acid or cis-11-octadecenoic acid, a C18:1 (n-7) isomer of oleic acid (C18:1 (n-9)) has been found in several oilseeds. It is synthesized from palmitic acid (C16:0) via production of C16:1 (n-7) by a Δ9 desaturase and elongation by an elongase giving C18:1 (n-7). In this study, the fatty acid composition of 12 Brassica species was analyzed by GC-FID and confirmed by GC-MS. All species ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.08.016
PubMed:
17889912

72. (κ²-P,S)Pt(benzyl) complexes derived from 1/3-PⁱPr₂-2-SᵗBu-indene: facile synthesis of carbanion- and borate-containing zwitterions

Author:
Kevin D. Hesp; Robert McDonald; Michael J. Ferguson; Gabriele Schatte; Mark Stradiotto
Source:
Chemical communications 2008 v. no.43 pp. 5645-5647
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
borates; chemical reactions; ligands; zwitterions
Abstract:
... The versatile new ligand precursor 1/3-PⁱPr₂-2-SᵗBu-indene has been employed in the preparation of neutral and cationic (κ²-P,S)Pt(benzyl) complexes, as well as structurally related zwitterions in which the formally cationic metal fragment is counterbalanced by an uncoordinated indenide or borate fragment that is contained within the ancillary ligand backbone. ...
DOI:
10.1039/b813421a

73. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Potentiates the Cytotoxicity Induced by Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes

Author:
Haitao WU; Tomoko YOKOYAMA; Beiwei ZHU; Yasuaki SHIMOISHI; Yoshiyuki MURATA; Yoshimasa NAKAMURA
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 2008 v.72 no.11 pp. 3034-3037
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
apoptosis; benzyl isothiocyanate; biotechnology; cytotoxicity; epigallocatechin gallate; humans; hydrogen peroxide; mitogen-activated protein kinase
Abstract:
... (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-induced apoptosis was along both the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in Jurkat cells. Co-treatment with EGCG potentiated the cytotoxicity induced by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and H₂O₂, both being inhibited by ERK and JNK inhibitors. These results suggest the significant role of mitogen-activated ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.80422

74. l( +)-Lactic acid production from starch by a novel amylolytic Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B84

Author:
Petrov, K.; Urshev, Z.; Petrova, P.
Source:
Food microbiology 2008 v.25 no.4 pp. 550-557
ISSN:
0740-0020
Subject:
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis; alpha-amylase; agitation; sourdough bread; rye flour; lactic acid bacteria; starch; lactic fermentation; pH; glycolysis; lactic acid; enzyme activity; culture media; sourdough
Abstract:
... A new Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B84, capable of utilizing starch as a sole carbon source and producing l(+)-lactate, was isolated from spontaneously fermented rye sourdough. Aiming at maximum lactic acid productivity, the components of the media and the cultivation conditions were varied. In MRS-starch medium (with absence of yeast and meat extracts), at 33 °C, agitation 200 rpm and pH 6.0 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fm.2008.02.005
PubMed:
18456109

75. -Mesotrichosiphum Calilung (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Greenideinae), A Newly Recorded Genus From China, With The Description Of A New Species

Author:
Dong Zhang; Gexia Qiao
Source:
Entomological news 2008 v.119 no.3 pp. 232-238
ISSN:
0013-872X
Subject:
Aphididae; new species; China
Abstract:
... The genus Mesotrichosiphum Calilung, an endemic southeastern Asian group, is reviewed to include Mesotrichosiphum pentaiarticulatum Zhang and Qiao, sp. nov. from China (Hainan). The generic diagnosis is supplemented in here, and a key is given to all species worldwide. Some hitherto unknown morphs of Mesotrichosiphum are described. New data on distributions and host plants are reported for the gen ...
DOI:
10.3157/0013-872X(2008)119%5B232:MCHAGA%5D2.0.CO;2

76. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from Galla Rhois protects primary rat hepatocytes from necrosis and apoptosis

Author:
Park, Eun-Jeon; Zhao, Yu-Zhe; An, Ren-Bo; Kim, Youn-Chul; Sohn, Dong Hwan
Source:
Planta medica 2008 v.74 no.11 pp. 1380-1383
ISSN:
0032-0943
Subject:
gallic acid; hepatocytes; caspases; necrosis; signal transduction; cultured cells; Brucea javanica; esters; Rhus; lactate dehydrogenase; rats; galls; apoptosis; hepatoprotective effect
DOI:
10.1055/s-2008-1081300

77. 1,2-Diphosphinobenzene as a synthon for the 1,2,3-triphospha- and 2-arsa-1,3-diphosphaindenyl anions and a stable organo derivative of the P₈ unit of Hittorf’s phosphorus

Author:
Craig P. Butts; Michael Green; Thomas N. Hooper; Richard J. Kilby; John E. McGrady; Dimitrios A. Pantazis; Christopher A. Russell
Source:
Chemical communications 2008 v. no.7 pp. 856-858
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
X-ray diffraction; anions; chemical reactions; ligands; phosphorus
Abstract:
... The electronic structure of the 1,2,3-triphosphaindenyl ligand suggests that it should exhibit enhanced π-acceptor properties when compared to the η⁵-indenyl system; this insight encouraged us to develop a simple synthetic pathway from 1,2-diphosphinobenzene to the 1,2,3-C₆H₄P₃ and 2-As-1,3-C₆H₄P₂ anions, both of which have been structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography; as a bonus from ...
DOI:
10.1039/b717204d

78. 1,3-Diindolylureas: high affinity dihydrogen phosphate receptors

Author:
Claudia Caltagirone; Philip A. Gale; Jennifer R. Hiscock; Simon J. Brooks; Michael B. Hursthouse; Mark E. Light
Source:
Chemical communications 2008 v. no.26 pp. 3007-3009
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chemical reactions; phosphates; receptors; solvents
Abstract:
... Neutral 1,3-di(1H-indol-7-yl)ureas are selective dihydrogen phosphate receptors in polar solvent mixtures (DMSO-d₆–25% water). ...
DOI:
10.1039/b806238b

79. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes to azides. Construction of operationally functional metal responsive fluorophores

Author:
David Schweinfurth; Kenneth I. Hardcastle; Uwe H. F. Bunz
Source:
Chemical communications 2008 v. no.19 pp. 2203-2205
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
alkynes; azides; catalytic activity; copper; cycloaddition reactions; fluorescence; fluorescent dyes; metal ions; triazoles
Abstract:
... The copper catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4-butoxyphenylazide with 2-, 3- or 4-ethynylpyridine furnishes 1,4-diaryltriazoles, which display turn-on fluorescence upon addition of metal cations. ...
DOI:
10.1039/b800284c

80. 1,4,5-Trihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-fluoren-9-one, a new cytotoxic compound from Dendrobium chrysotoxum

Author:
Chen, Yegao; Li, Yupeng; Qing, Chen; Zhang, Yanli; Wang, Liqin; Liu, Ying
Source:
Food chemistry 2008 v.108 no.3 pp. 973-976
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
cytotoxins; Dendrobium; human cell lines; leukemia; anticarcinogenic activity; medicinal plants; phytochemicals; lung neoplasms; liver neoplasms; stomach neoplasms; in vitro studies
Abstract:
... A new compound, 1,4,5-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-fluoren-9-one, has been isolated together with two known fluorenones, dendroflorin and denchrysan A, from the whole plant of Dendrobium chrysotoxum, a plant of Dendrobium genus, used as a health-food. The structure of the fluorenones has been determined on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.007
PubMed:
26065760

81. 1,5-Asymmetric induction in boron-mediated aldol reactions of β-oxygenated methyl ketones

Author:
Luiz C. Dias; Andrea M. Aguilar
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2008 v.37 no.3 pp. 451-469
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
aldehydes; boron; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding; ketones; medicinal properties; models; oxygen
Abstract:
... This tutorial review describes that high levels of substrate-controlled, 1,5-stereoinduction are obtained in the boron-mediated aldol reactions of β-oxygenated methyl ketones with achiral and chiral aldehydes. Remote induction from the boron enolates gives the 1,5-anti adducts, with the enolate π-facial selectivity critically dependent upon the nature of the β-alkoxy protecting group. This 1,5-ant ...
DOI:
10.1039/b701081h

82. 1-(N-chloroacetylamino)-alkylphosphonic acids - synthetic precursors of phosphonopeptides

Author:
Kudzin, Z. H.; Depczyński, R.; Kudzin, M. H.; Drabowicz, J.
Source:
Amino acids 2008 v.34 no.1 pp. 163-168
ISSN:
0939-4451
Subject:
acids; aminolysis; physicochemical properties
Abstract:
... General procedures of N-chloroacetylation of the representative 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids (GlyP, AlaP, ValP, PglyP and PheP) are described. These 1-(N-chloroacetylamino)-alkylphosphonic acids were converted into the corresponding glycylphosphonodipeptides (Gly-AAP) and/or related N-alkylglycylphosphonodipeptides (MenGly-AAP) in the course of ammonolysis/aminolysis. Physico-chemical properties o ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00726-006-0462-3

83. 1-Alkenes: Ethylene action compounds or ethylene competitive inhibitors in plants

Author:
Sisler, Edward C.
Source:
Plant science 2008 v.175 no.1-2 pp. 145-148
ISSN:
0168-9452
Subject:
Musa paradisiaca; ethylene; plantains (fruit); peas; Pisum sativum
Abstract:
... Ethylene, propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene were tested as ethylene action compounds and also as ethylene competitive inhibitors using a pea growth and a banana ripening assay method. Ethylene, propene, and 1-butene gave a growth inhibition ethylene response in etiolated pea seedlings. 1-Pentene, 1-hexane, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene were inactive as ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.12.005

84. 1-Azadienes in cycloaddition and multicomponent reactions towards N-heterocycles

Author:
Bas Groenendaal; Eelco Ruijter; Romano V. A. Orru
Source:
Chemical communications 2008 v. no.43 pp. 5474-5489
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
chemical communication; cycloaddition reactions; heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
Abstract:
... 1-Azadienes are versatile building blocks for the efficient construction of various N-heterocycles. Depending on the substitution pattern and reaction partner, they may participate in a range of different reactions. An overview of recent methods for the generation of 1-azadienes is presented, as well as their application in cycloaddition, electrocyclization, and multicomponent reactions. Consideri ...
DOI:
10.1039/b809206k

85. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide as solvent for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by liquid extraction – extension to C₇- and C₈-fractions

Author:
Alberto Arce; Martyn J. Earle; Héctor Rodríguez; Kenneth R. Seddon; Ana Soto
Source:
Green chemistry 2008 v.10 no.12 pp. 1294-1300
ISSN:
1463-9270
Subject:
benzene; carbon; equations; ethylbenzene; green chemistry; heptane; hexane; ionic liquids; liquids; octane; solutes; toluene
Abstract:
... The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide ([C₂mim][NTf₂]) was tested as solvent for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms (the C₇- and C₈-fractions). The liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) of the ternary systems (heptane + toluene + [C₂mim][NTf₂]) and (octane + ethylbenzene + [C₂mim][NTf₂]), at 25 °C, were experiment ...
DOI:
10.1039/b807222a

86. 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (IDS) is encoded by multicopy genes in gymnosperms Ginkgo biloba and Pinus taeda

Author:
Kim, Sang-Min; Kuzuyama, Tomohisa; Kobayashi, Akio; Sando, Tomoki; Chang, Yung-Jin; Kim, Soo-Un
Source:
Planta 2008 v.227 no.2 pp. 287-298
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Escherichia coli; Ginkgo biloba; Pinus taeda; amino acids; chloroplasts; cytosol; diterpenoids; genes; isozymes; leaves; metabolism; methyl jasmonate; phylogeny; roots; tissues; wood
Abstract:
... Isoprenoids are synthesized through the condensation of five-carbon intermediates, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), derived from two distinct biosynthetic routes: cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) and plastidial 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways. 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (IDS; EC 1.17.1.2), which catalyzes the last step ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-007-0616-x
PubMed:
17763867

87. 1-Hydroxypyrene in Milk and Urine as a Bioindicator of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure of Ruminants

Author:
Chahin, A.; Guiavarc'h, Y.P.; Dziurla, M.A.; Toussaint, H.; Feidt, C.; Rychen, G.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2008 v.56 no.5 pp. 1780-1786
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
biomarkers; ruminants; milk; milk analysis; urine; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ruminant nutrition; dietary exposure; experimental diets; detection; chemical residues; food contamination; risk assessment
Abstract:
... Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-pyrene) is now largely considered to be a valuable biomarker of exposure of man and animals to pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, from a practical and agronomic standpoint, the question remains whether such biomarking capability still holds when 1-OH-pyrene is analyzed in milk produced by ruminants. To assess this hypothesis, four goats ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf072757g
PubMed:
18271539

88. 1-Methylcyclopropene treatment modifies postharvest behavior of Fantasia nectarines

Author:
DeEll, Jennifer R.; Murr, Dennis P.; Ehsani-Moghaddam, Behrouz
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 2008 v.88 no.4 pp. 753-758
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
postharvest treatment; volatile compounds; carbon dioxide; chilling injury; total soluble solids; signs and symptoms (plants); plant growth substances; storage time; cell respiration; fruit quality; firmness; ripening; color; postharvest physiology; chemical treatment; nectarines
DOI:
10.4141/CJPS07206

89. 1-Tridecene--male-produced sex pheromone of the tenebrionid beetle Parastizopus transgariepinus

Author:
Geiselhardt, Sven; Ockenfels, Peter; Peschke, Klaus
Source:
Naturwissenschaften 2008 v.95 no.3 pp. 247-251
ISSN:
0028-1042
Subject:
aedeagus; volatile fatty acids; secretion; monoterpenoids; sex pheromones; males; Tenebrionidae; fatty acid esters; posture; mass spectrometry; gas chromatography; females
Abstract:
... Males of the genus Parastizopus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exhibit a special pheromone-emitting behaviour. They do a headstand, expose the aedeagus and remain in this posture for a few seconds. The pheromone emitted by P. transgariepinus was collected by solid-phase micro-extraction (100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fibre) and identified as 1-tridecene by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Presumab ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00114-007-0312-5

90. 10-Year Review of Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Clinical Factors Associated With Outcome

Author:
Linda Casey; Karr-Hong Lee; Rhonda Rosychuk; Justine Turner; Hien Q. Huynh
Source:
Nutrition in clinical practice v.23 no.4 pp. 436-442
ISSN:
1941-2452
Subject:
alanine transaminase; albumins; aspartate transaminase; bilirubin; blood platelet count; children; comorbidity; death; demographic statistics; enterocolitis; hospitals; infants; intestines; mortality; parenteral feeding; patients; prediction; prospective studies
Abstract:
... Prediction of outcomes in pediatric intestinal failure is challenging but essential to guide intestinal rehabilitation and transplantation decisions. This review of intestinal failure patients spanning 10 years examines clinical details in relation to outcome to identify factors that may refine predictive accuracy. A search was conducted to identify all children with intestinal failure managed at ...
DOI:
10.1177/0884533608321213

91. A 10-year evaluation of the functional basis for regeneration habitat preference of trees in an African evergreen forest

Author:
Chapman, Colin A.; Kitajima, Kaoru; Zanne, Amy E.; Kaufman, Les S.; Lawes, Michael J.
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2008 v.255 no.11 pp. 3790-3796
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
seedling growth; broadleaved evergreen forests; shade tolerance; spatial distribution; seedlings; height; forest habitats; interspecific variation; tropics; leaves; forest trees; seeds; ontogeny; canopy gaps; mortality; understory; tree growth; chemical composition; saplings; forest regeneration; chemical constituents of plants; light; Uganda
Abstract:
... The spatial distribution of tree juveniles in relation to light environments may reflect species differences in growth, survival, and functional traits and will shape the nature of forest regeneration. Long-term field experiments are important to evaluate this issue because of the potentially very long juvenile period in trees. Here, we combine a 10-year seedling survival-growth data with the resu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.016

92. A 10-year study of phosphorus balances and the impact of grazed grassland on total P redistribution within the soil profile

Author:
Watson, C.J.; Matthews, D.I.
Source:
European journal of soil science 2008 v.59 no.6 pp. 1171-1176
ISSN:
1351-0754
Subject:
animal products; balance studies; drainage water; earthworms; eutrophication; fertilizer application; grasses; grasslands; nitrogen; overland flow; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; roots; soil profiles; sward; water quality; wet deposition; Northern Ireland
Abstract:
... Phosphorus (P) inputs (wet deposition and fertilizer P) and outputs (animal product and drainflow) were studied on reseeded grazed grassland swards receiving different nitrogen (N) inputs (100-500 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) for 10 years (March 1989-February 1999), at an experimental site in Northern Ireland. All plots received the same maintenance application of P fertilizer (8.5 kg P ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) to meet ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01083.x

93. 100 years of Sediment History of Heavy Metals in Daya Bay, China

Author:
Du, J. Z.; Mu, H. D.; Song, H. Q.; Yan, S. P.; Gu, Y. J.; Zhang, J.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2008 v.190 no.1-4 pp. 343-351
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
estuaries; marine sediments; sediment contamination; heavy metals; history; geochemistry; China
Abstract:
... The estuarine and coastal system plays an important role of sedimentation deposition which acts as sink of particle associated contaminants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sediments conserve important information about past conditions of its aquatic environments. The chronology was developed by using the accumulation rates determined previously from ²¹⁰Pb analyses of the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11270-007-9593-8

94. 100 years of vegetation decline and recovery in Lake Fure, Denmark

Author:
Sand-Jensen, Kaj; Pedersen, Niels Lagergaard; Thorsgaard, Inge; Moeslund, Bjarne; Borum, Jens; Brodersen, Klaus Peter
Source:
Journal of ecology 2008 v.96 no.2 pp. 260-271
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
biogeography; community structure; decline; eutrophication; lakes; life history; macroalgae; macrophytes; mosses and liverworts; niches; nitrogen; nutrients; organic matter; phosphorus; phytoplankton; probability; sediments; shade; species diversity; summer; vegetation; Denmark
Abstract:
... 1. We analysed the development of submerged macrophytes in Lake Fure, Denmark, experiencing a 30-fold increase of phosphorus input from year 1900 to 1970 and a subsequent decline to twice the 1900 level in 2005. Nutrient enrichment stimulated phytoplankton growth and restricted macrophyte distribution by reducing water transparency from a summer mean of 5-6 m in the early 1900s to a minimum of 1.6 ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01339.x

95. 100 years with the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants

Author:
Estey, Ralph H.
Source:
Phytoprotection 2008 v.89 no.2-3 pp. 51-57
ISSN:
0031-9511
Subject:
plant protection; organizations; agricultural history; publications; Quebec
DOI:
10.7202/038232ar

96. 100% Accuracy in Automatic Face Recognition

Author:
Jenkins, R.; Burton, A.M.
Source:
Science 2008 v.319 no.5862 pp. 435
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
algorithms; humans; image analysis; industry; photographs
Abstract:
... Accurate face recognition is critical for many security applications. Current automatic face-recognition systems are defeated by natural changes in lighting and pose, which often affect face images more profoundly than changes in identity. The only system that can reliably cope with such variability is a human observer who is familiar with the faces concerned. We modeled human familiarity by using ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1149656

97. 11-Hydroxymonocerin from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Exserohilum rostratum

Author:
Sappapan, Ruengrit; Sommit, Damrong; Ngamrojanavanich, Nattaya; Pengpreecha, Somchai; Wiyakrutta, Suthep; Sriubolmas, Nongluksna; Pudhom, Khanitha
Source:
Journal of natural products 2008 v.71 no.9 pp. 1657-1659
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
endophytes; Plasmodium falciparum; lactones; Stemona; cytotoxicity; medicinal plants; Exserohilum; secondary metabolites; coumarins; spectral analysis; chemical structure; anticarcinogenic activity
DOI:
10.1021/np8004024
PubMed:
18774863

98. 11: Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae)

Author:
KAWANO, SHOICHI
Source:
Plant species biology 2008 v.23 no.3 pp. 222-227
ISSN:
0913-557X
Subject:
Persicaria thunbergii; Tabanidae; butterflies; cleistogamy; color; demography; floodplains; flowers; fruits; islands; lakes; life history; outbreeding; pollinators; ponds; rivers; seed dispersal; soil; stems; wetlands; Asia
Abstract:
... The life-history characteristics and demography of Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) are described here. This is a typical annual species of the Polygonaceae, extending widely over wetlands in the lowlands of the Japanese Islands and in north-eastern Asia. A unique feature of P. thunbergii is that each individual plant possesses two reproductive systems, that is, chasmogamy and cl ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1442-1984.2008.00226.x

99. 12-Mercaptododecyl β-maltoside-modified gold nanoparticles: specific ligands for concanavalin A having long flexible hydrocarbon chains

Author:
Yukari Sato; Teiichi Murakami; Kyoko Yoshioka; Osamu Niwa
Source:
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2008 v.391 no.7 pp. 2527-2532
ISSN:
1618-2642
Subject:
absorption; adsorption; carbohydrates; concanavalin A; ligands; nanogold
Abstract:
... A simple and highly specific protein detection system using glycoconjugated gold nanoparticles was investigated. This system was based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles coated with carbohydrate alkanethiols in the presence of corresponding proteins (lectins) that had specific recognition for certain carbohydrates. In order to construct an efficient specific recognition system, maltoside alk ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00216-008-2056-2

100. IL- 13 pre-treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages increases their anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity induced by lipopolysaccharides

Author:
Authier, Hélène; Cassaing, Sophie; Bans, Valérie; Batigne, Philippe; Bessières, Marie-Hélène; Pipy, Bernard
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2008 v.38 no.3-4 pp. 341-352
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
Toxoplasma gondii; bradyzoites; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inflammation; interleukin-13; lipopolysaccharides; macrophages; mice; nitric oxide; parasites; pretreatment; tachyzoites
Abstract:
... Th1 cytokines and microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activate macrophages to produce inflammatory mediators and effector molecules. Althrough Th2 cytokines often have an opposite action to Th1 cytokines and down-modulate the inflammatory response of macrophages, they can induce a distinct alternative activation that is beneficial in host defence. In this study, we report that IL-13 enhances the a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.08.002