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... The occurrence of very-low-fluence responses (VLFR), low-fluence responses (LFR) and high-irradiance responses (HIR) of phytochrome was investigated for the expression of the gene of β-glucuronidase (gusA) under the control of the tobacco Lhcb1*2 promoter, in etiolated transgenic tobacco seedlings. The activity of β-glucuronidase (GUS) showed biphasic responses to the calculated proportion of Pf ...
... Genetically transformed barley was produced by cocultivating immature embryo explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a binary vector coding for chimaeric bacterial genes, bar and gus, and selecting for bialaphos-resistant cultures from which plants were regenerated. Integration of both genes was confirmed by gel blot hybridization analysis of DNA from the transformed plants and their prog ...
... Plants of the Apocynaceae family produce a wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) which have important pharmaceutical applications. Studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling TIA biosynthesis may eventually provide possibilities to improve product yield by genetic modification of plants or cell cultures. However, these studies suffer from the lack of transformation/regeneration proto ...
... Although the introduction of foreign genes into Arabidopsis has become routine, the production of transgenic Arabidopsis plants still requires several months. A transgene expression system (TES) has been developed that allows characterization of gene expression patterns and the effects of foreign genes in the Arabidopsis root in 2-4 weeks. The method is based on regeneration of stably transformed ...
... The Arabidopsis thaliana MALE STERILITY 2 (MS2) gene product is involved in male gametogenesis. The first abnormalities in pollen development of ms2 mutants are seen at the stage in microsporogenesis when microspores are released from tetrads. Expression of the MS2 gene is observed in tapetum of wild-type flowers at, and shortly after, the release of microspores from tetrads. The MS2 promoter cont ...
... Based on homologies between the yeast DMC1 and the lily LIM15 meiosis-specific genes, degenerate PCR primers were designed that amplified the Arabidopsis DMC1 gene (AtDMC1). AtDMC1 genomic DNA (8 kb) was sequenced, and the transcript was characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by 5' and 3' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The AtDMC1 gene contains 15 ex ...
... The promoters of the hemoglobin genes from the nitrogen-fixing tree Parasponia andersonii and the related nonnitrogen-fixing Trema tomentosa both confer beta-glucuronidase reporter gene expression to the central zone of the nodules of a transgenic legume, Lotus corniculatus. beta-Glucuronidase expression was high in the uninfected interstitial cells and parenchyma of the surrounding boundary layer ...
... Previous micro-injection studies showed that some recombinant viral movement proteins and plant proteins produced in and purified from Escherichia coli could traffic from cell to cell. However, the relevance of these findings obtained by micro-injecting proteins produced in E. coli to the real functions of these proteins when produced in planta has been questioned. In this study, specific gene con ...
... It has been demonstrated that the carboxyl terminus of microbody enzymes functions as a targeting signal to microbodies in higher plants. We have examined an ability of 24 carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences to facilitate the transport of a cytosolic passenger protein, beta-glucuronidase, into microbodies in green cotyledonary cells of transgenic Arabidopsis. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis ...
... Ran, a small soluble GTP-binding protein, has been shown to be essential for the nuclear translocation of proteins and it is also thought to be involved in regulating cell cycle progression in mammalian and yeast cells. Genes encoding Ran-like proteins have been isolated from different higher plant species. Overexpression of plant Ran cDNAs, similarly to their mammalian/yeast homologues, suppresse ...
Nicotiana tabacum; transgenic plants; cytoplasm; active transport; molecular weight; amino acid sequences; plant proteins; cytochemistry; spatial distribution; leaves; beta-glucuronidase; enzyme activity; animal proteins; Scyphozoa; green fluorescent protein; Aequorea victoria
Abstract:
... The soluble proteins of the nucleoplasm are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. Proteins larger than about 40 kDa are post-translationally targeted to the nucleus via energy-dependent processes, passing through the nuclear pore complex into the nucleoplasm. Targeting involves nuclear localization signals (NLSs) found within the primary sequences of the imported proteins. In higher plants, inform ...
... Stem sections from poplar that were stably transformed with a eucalypt cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter-beta-glucuronidase construct were prepared by using either a technique routinely used in herbaceous species or a technique designed to take into account the particular anatomy of woody plants. Although both preparation techniques confirmed the pattern of expression previously observed (C. ...
... A genomic clone encoding ascorbate oxidase was isolated from pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.). This gene is consisted of four exons and three introns. Analyses of the promoter fusion to beta-glucuronidase reporter gene by transient expression assay in pumpkin fruit tissues suggested the existence of a cis-acting region responsible for auxin regulation. ...
... A strain of non‐pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend, Snyd. & Hans. has been selected for its capacity to reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato. Among the possible modes of action of this strain, competition with the pathogen for the colonization of the root surface and tissues has been proposed. In order to study the pattern of root colonization, young Lycopersicon etculentum M ...
... To investigate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in the hypersensitive response (HR) its accumulation was compromised during different phases of lesion development by differential expression of a salicylate hydroxylase gene (SH-L). Constitutive suppression of SA accumulation was achieved by expression of a gene fusion between the CaMV35S promoter (35S) and SH-L. Using the H2O2-responsive AoPR1 promo ...
... The plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea can infect undamaged plant tissue directly by penetration of the cuticle. This penetration has been suggested to be enzyme-mediated, and an important role for cutinase in the infection process has been proposed. In this study the expression of the cutinase encoding gene cutA of B. cinerea was analyzed using a cutA promoter-GUS reporter gene fusion. Transformants ...
... A single-copy Arabidopsis homeobox gene, prha, which encodes a homeodomain protein with a molecular weight of 90 500 has been characterized. The position of the gene was mapped to the distal part of chromosome 4. Expression of the gene differs in various vegetative and floral plant tissues and is positively influenced by the phytohormone auxin. In Arabidopsis plants, a complex pattern of prha prom ...
... At-P5R, a gene encoding the last enzyme of the proline (Pro) biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, is developmentally regulated. To characterize the cis elements responsible for this developmental regulation, a series of 5' deletions of the At-P5R promoter were transcriptionally fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS)-coding region and transformed into Arabidopsis. The complete promoter of At- ...
... The Arabidopsis thaliana phyB, phyD, and phyE phytochrome apoproteins show higher amino acid sequence similarity to each other than to phyA or phyC, they are the most recently evolved members of this photoreceptor family, and they may interact in regulating photomorphogenesis. The expression patterns of translational fusions of the 5' upstream regions of the PHYB, PHYD, and PHYE genes to the beta- ...
... As the growth factor of lactic acid bacteria, LD (trehalose) was isolated from Lentinus edodes by using silica gel column chromatography. LD induced the growth of Bifidobacteria breve and Lactobacillus brevis, which were isolated from human feces. LD selectively induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria among total microflora. When total intestinal microflora were cultured in the medium containin ...
... To evaluate and characterize the stability of traits transferred via Agrobacterium transformation, foreign gene expression must be examined in sexually derived progeny. The objective of this study was to analyze three transgenic peanut plants, 1-10, 12-1, and 17-1, for the inheritance and expression of their foreign genes. Segregation ratios for the introduced genes in T2 plants gave either 100% o ...
... The enzyme ACC oxidase, catalysing the last step in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene, is encoded by a small multigene family in tomato, comprising three members, LEACO1, LEACO2 and LEACO3. LEACO1 is the major gene expressed during ripening, leaf senescence, and wounding (Barry et al., 1996). To investigate the transcriptional regulation of ACC oxidase gene expression, chimeric fusion ...
... Five tumorigenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were used to inoculate corms, cormels, plants grown in vitro, and seed-derived seedlings of several cultivars of Gladiolus. Tumors formed on 12% of the plant tissues inoculated, and 1% of these tumors synthesized either octopine or nopaline. A. tumefaciens-mediated beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression showed 0.5% and 3.5% GUS expression for plan ...
... Factors influencing transformation frequencies using the Agrobacterium-mediated protocol developed for Citrus seedling internodal stem segments in this laboratory were evaluated, with particular emphasis on decreasing the numbers of "escape" shoots produced. Although the use of a wild-type "shooty" Agrobacterium strain allowed relatively high frequencies of beta-glucuronidase positive (GUS+) shoot ...
... The E1 promoter fragment (-249 to -203) is one of three auxin-response elements (AuxREs) in the soybean (Glycine max L.) GH3 promoter (Z.-B. Liu, T. Ulmasov, X. Shi, G. Hagen, T.J. Guilfoyle [1994] Plant Cell 6: 645-657). Results presented here further characterize and delimit the AuxRE within the E1 fragment. The E1 fragment functioned as an AuxRE in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plan ...
... Signal sequences and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)retention signals are known to play central roles in targeting and translocation in the secretory pathway, but molecular aspects about their involvement are poorly understood. We tested the effectiveness of deduced signal sequences from various genes (hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein [HRGP] from Phaseolus vulgaris; Serpin from Manduca sexta) to direct ...
... To develop a model system for studies of homologous recombination in plants, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia lines were generated harbouring a single target T-DNA containing the negative selective codA gene encoding cytosine deaminase (CD) and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Subsequently, the target lines were transformed with a replacement-type T-DNA vector in which ...
... Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter-COP1 fusion transgene, it was shown previously that Arabidopsis COP1 acts within the nucleus as a repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development and that light inactivation of COP1 was accompanied by a reduction of COP1 nuclear abundance (A.G. von Arnim, X.-W. Deng [1994] Cell 79: 1035-1045). Here we report that the GUS-COP1 fusion transgene can comple ...
... The dicot genus Flaveria (Asteraceae), besides species with C3 or C4 photosynthesis, contains taxa with a broad range of different states of transition between the two major photosynthetic types. We have developed a reproducible and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated method for the stable genetic transformation of the C3-C4 intermediate species F. pubescens. Fusion constructs of the reporter gene be ...
... We have developed an efficient transformation system for the tropical actinorhizal tree Allocasuarina verticillata using Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer. Mature zygotic embryos were inoculated with the disarmed strain C58C1 carrying, in the binary vector BIN19, the nptII gene, providing kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker, and the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase containin ...
... The highly conserved protein ubiquitin is encoded by five polyubiquitin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia that have been divided into two subtypes, the UBQ3/UBQ4 subtype and the UBQ10/UBQ11/UBQ14 subtype. Northern analysis using gene-specific oligonucleotides as hybridization probes and enzyme activity measurements from transgenic plants expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under the c ...
... Aflatoxin biosynthesis was induced by compounds in filtrates (EF) obtained from cultures consisting of ground maize kernels colonized by Aspergillus flavus. The inducing activity increased to a maximum at 4 days of incubation and then decreased. Amylase activity was detected in the EF, suggesting that the inducers are products of starch degradation (glucose, maltose, and maltotriose). Analysis of ...
... During the process of crown gall tumorigenesis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, the T-DNA, to a plant cell where it eventually becomes stably integrated into the plant genome. Directly repeated DNA sequences, called T-DNA borders, define the left and the right ends of the T-DNA. The T-DNA can be physically separated from the remainder of the Ti-plasmid, ...
... Similar to heat-stress transcription factors (HSFs) from non-plant sources, HSFA1 and HSFA2 from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) contain two conserved clusters of basic amino acid residues (K/R1 and K/R2) which might serve as nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs. Mutation of either one of them and functional testing of the corresponding proteins in a transient expression assay using toba ...
... The expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana PAT1 gene, which encodes the tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase, was investigated using translational fusions of the PAT1 promoter to the GUS reporter gene. Independent stably transformed A. thaliana lines containing a single copy of a fusion that includes the entire plastid transit peptide and the first two introns of P ...
... Excised, immature zygotic embryos of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (tamarack) gave rise to embryogenic cultures on modified Murashige and Skoog (MSG) medium supplemented with growth regulators. Three lines of embryonal masses were maintained for 1 year by biweekly subcultures prior to the maturation experiments. All of these lines showed the ability to produce mature somatic embryos. Both elevat ...
... Although the coordinated biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds is thought to be essential to the normal processes of plant growth and development, the mechanisms that regulate the mevalonate pathway in plants are not well understood. As the first committed step in the pathway, the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) to mevalonic acid by HMG CoA reductase and the regulation ...
... Here, we examine the cis-elements and trans-factors affecting the expression of asparagine synthetase (AS) genes whose transcription is negatively regulated by light. The promoters for the AS1 and AS2 genes of pea were isolated, sequenced, and functionally dissected for their ability to confer regulated expression to the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. Histochemical analysis of transgenic ...
... Expression of the pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) is regulated by light in both pea and transgenic tobacco plants. However, the PetE promoter with the 5' untranslated leader region does not direct light-regulated expression of the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. This suggested that sequences downstream of the translation start of the PetE gene are required for light-regulated expression. To ...
... psaDb is a nuclear gene encoding the ferredoxin-binding subunit of photosystem I in Nicotiana sylvestris. The organization of the light-responsive cis-elements of psaDb was studied using transgenic tobacco plants. Three types of psaDb chimeric constructs were created: a 5' upstream fragment of psaDb transcriptionally fused with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, and a series of its 5' deletion der ...
... KNAT3 is a class 2 kn1-like gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The RNA expression patterns of KNAT3 were characterized through the use of promoter-GUS fusion analysis and in situ hybridization. KNAT3 is expressed in several tissues and at several times during development. There are three main expression patterns: (1) during early organ development in young leaves, buds and pedicels; (2) at and near the ...
... Transformed plants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. constitutively expressing nitrate reductase (35S-NR) or beta-glucuronidase (35S-GUS) and untransformed controls were grown for two weeks in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. Whereas CO2 enrichment (1000 microliter.l-1) resulted in an increase in the carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio of both the tobacco lines grown in pots with vermiculite, the C/N ratio ...
... Tissue derived from embryogenic suspension cultures of cassava was bombarded with microparticles coated with a plasmid containing the uidA gene, which codes for beta-glucuronidase (GUS). After 3 days, the effect of different bombardment parameters was evaluated by comparing the numbers of blue spots that resulted from histological GUS assays. Counting of blue spots was performed using a system com ...
... Microspores could be an excellent target for plant transformation, owing to their haploid nature, the availability of a large population of fairly synchronous single cells, and their potential to regenerate into plants through embryogenesis. Therefore, the potential for microspore transformation by biolistic procedures was examined cytologically, based on the viability and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) ...
... The expression of a castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) gene has been studied by examining its promoter activity in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) carrying a PLD promoter-glucuronidase transgene and by monitoring the levels of PLD mRNA in castor bean. Sequence and the 5' truncation analyses revealed that the 5' flanking region from nucleotide -1200 to -730 i ...
... Several lines of evidence suggest that salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous signal for the activation of several plant defense responses, including the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as the acidic PR-1 proteins. During recent years, studies have suggested that interaction of SA with catalase and ascorbate peroxidase leads to two signals in tobacco -- elevated ...
... A procedure for the production of fertile transgenic brassicas via Ri-mediated transformation is reported in this paper. Transgenic hairy root lines were selected for 12 vegetable brassica cultivars and lines representing six varieties: broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, rapid-cycling (all Brassica oleracea) and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris). Leaf explants or petioles of intact co ...