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You searched for: Publication Year 1997 Remove constraint Publication Year: 1997 Subject term esters Remove constraint Subject term: esters
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1. 2,4-D dissipation in field soils after applications of 2,4-D dimethylamine salt and 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester

Author:
Wilson, R.D.; Geronimo, J.; Armbruster, J.A.
Source:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry 1997 v.16 no.6 pp. 1239-1246
ISSN:
0730-7268
Subject:
2,4-D; dimethylamine; esters; field experimentation; salts; soil; Canada; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was first registered in 1947 as an agricultural herbicide, and it is still the most widely used herbicide worldwide. End-use products, however, are generally formulated as inorganic or amine salts, or as esters. Because of the various forms available, there was concern that by testing only one form, the environmental profile generated might be insufficient to ...
DOI:
10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1239:DDIFSA>2.3.CO;2

2. Alteration of sterols and steryl esters in vegetable oils during industrial refining

Author:
Ferrari, R.A.; Esteves, W.; Mukherjee, K.D.; Schulte, E.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.12 pp. 4753-4757
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
corn; esters; high performance liquid chromatography; light scattering; oleic acid; rapeseed oil; refining; silica gel; soybeans; sterols; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... Steryl esters of fatty acids have been isolated from vegetable oils by rapid chromatography on a short column of silica gel and quantitatively determined by HPLC on RP-18 columns using an evaporative light scattering detector that was calibrated with beta-sitosteryl oleate as external standard. The steryl esters isolated according to the above technique from corn, soybean, and rapeseed oils at dif ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf970525j

3. Analysis and chemistry of distilled lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

Author:
Chamblee, T.S.; Clark, B.C. Jr.
Source:
Journal of essential oil research 1997 v.9 no.3 pp. 267-274
ISSN:
1041-2905
Subject:
Citrus aurantiifolia; limes; essential oils; chemical composition; distillation; cold; pressing; volatile compounds; hydrocarbons; aldehydes; alcohols; esters; ketones; quantitative analysis; kinetics
Abstract:
... Distilled Key lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Mexico has been analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FT-IR with cryofocusing capability. A total of 98 compounds have been identified. Thirty-three of these have not been reported previously for distilled Key lime oil. Quantitative data based on internal standard and response factors is presented for distilled lime oil and compared to cold pressed lime ...
DOI:
10.1080/10412905.1997.10554242

4. Analysis of furanoid esters in soybean oil and the effect of variety and environment on furanoid ester content

Author:
Wu, Xiangdong; Hammond, Earl G.; White, Pamela J.; Fehr, Walter
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.9 pp. 1099-1103
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
correlation; ion exchange chromatography; fractionation; soybean oil; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; soybeans; silver; lipids; urea; esters; degumming; gas chromatography; Puerto Rico
Abstract:
... An improved method was developed to analyze the major furanoid esters in soybean oil. The method is based on urea fractionation of the methyl esters, silver ion chromatography, and gas chromatography of the furanoid concentrate. Activation of the soybean lipoxygenase decreased the amount of furanoid ester recovered from the oil, but the degumming of crude soybean oil and the choice of solvent used ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0031-2

5. Antioxidant activity of mung bean hulls

Author:
Duh, Pin-Der; Yen, Wen Jye; Du, Pin-Chan; Yen, Gow-Chin
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.9 pp. 1059-1063
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
antioxidant activity; butylated hydroxyanisole; esters; gas chromatography; hulls; linoleic acid; mung beans; oxidation; peroxidation; peroxide value; soybean oil; synergism; thiobarbituric acid
Abstract:
... The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of mung bean hulls was investigated. Extracts at a concentration of 100 ppm exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than 100 ppm dl-α-tocopherol (Toc) or 100 ppm butylated hydroxyanisole on the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Moreover, a synergistic effect was observed when 100 ppm of the extract was mixed with 100 ppm Toc. Also, the extracts showed g ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0025-0

6. Aqueous Oxidation of Ethyl Linoleate, Ethyl Linolenate, and Ethyl Docosahexaenoate

Author:
Shinya Hirano; Kazuo Miyashita; Toru Ota; Masazumi Nishikawa; Kazuki Maruyama; Suguru Nakayama
Source:
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 1997 v.61 no.2 pp. 281-285
ISSN:
1347-6947
Subject:
air; aqueous solutions; autoxidation; chloroform; docosahexaenoic acid; esters; ethanol; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrogen; hydroperoxides; isomers; oxidative stability
Abstract:
... The oxidative stability of ethyl linoleate (LA), ethyl linolenate (LN), and ethyl docosahexaenoate (DHA) in an aqueous solution was compared by measuring the decrease in unoxidized substrate and the formation of total hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, and monohydroperoxides (MHPs). The highest stability was shown by DHA, this being followed by LN and LA in both cases when using Fe²⁺-ascorbic acid ...
DOI:
10.1271/bbb.61.281

7. Authentication of European virgin olive oils by their chemical compounds, sensory attributes, and consumers' attitudes

Author:
Aparicio, R.; Morales, M.T.; Alonso, V.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.4 pp. 1076-1083
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
aldehydes; chemical composition; chemical concentration; consumer attitudes; esters; fatty acids; furans; hydrocarbons; ketones; sensory properties; sterols; virgin olive oil; Greece; Italy; Spain
Abstract:
... Twenty-four samples of four European virgin olive oil varieties -- Arbequina, Coratina, Koroneiki, and Picual, cultivated in Greece, Italy, and Spain -- have been analyzed from their chemical composition (either nonvolatile compounds (31) -- fatty acids, sterols, alcohols, and methylsterols -- or volatile ones (65) -- aldehydes, alcohols, furans, hydrocarbons, acids, ketones, and esters), sensory ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf960659h

8. Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester in Lygodium ferns

Author:
Yamauchi, T.; Oyama, N.; Yamane, H.; Murofushi, N.; Schraudolf, H.; Pour, M.; Seto, H.; Mander, L.N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 773-778
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Lygodium; gibberellic acid; esters; biosynthesis; metabolites; chemical structure; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester (GA73-Me), the principal antheridiogen in Lygodium ferns, was investigated. From the methanol extract of prothallia of Lygodium circinnatum, GA25, GA73, GA73-Me, GA88-Me, and a few unknown GA73 derivatives were detected by CC-MS. Because the presence of GA25 suggests that GA24, a direct precursor of GA25, could also be present in L. circinnatum prothallia, we used ...

9. Boiling properties and thermal decomposition of vegetable oil methyl esters with regard to their fuel suitability

Author:
Wenzel, G.; Lammers, P.S.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.12 pp. 4748-4752
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
boiling; combustion; diesel engines; diesel fuel; distillation; esters; fatty acids; temperature; thermal degradation; thermal properties; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... Numerous vegetable oil methyl esters covering the entire range of fatty acid patterns of vegetable oils were investigated with a standard distillation apparatus. The course of the boiling curves and the suspected relationship between the drop in boiling temperatures and the start of decomposition are discussed. The suitability of the methyl esters for diesel engines was evaluated with regard to co ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf970407w

10. Changes in hydrolysis specificities of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei to polyunsaturated fatty acyl ethyl esters in different aggregation states

Author:
Kosugi, Yoshitsugu; Chang, Qing-long; Kanazawa, Kenji; Nakanishi, Hiroshi
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.11 pp. 1395-1399
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
Rhizomucor miehei; anion exchange; cation exchange; esters; fatty acids; hydrolysis; mass transfer; triacylglycerol lipase
Abstract:
... Hydrolysis specificities of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei were compared for various fatty acyl ethyl esters. Activity yields of immobilized lipases, measured with 1 mM substrate, were more than 100%. Differences in hydrolysis rate and affinity for the substrates between lipase preparations were also typically higher during hydrolysis of substrates at 100 mM than at 1 mM, indicating better mass tra ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0243-5

11. Changes in phenolic compounds and browning during biological aging of sherry-type wine

Author:
Baron, R.; Mayen, M.; Merida, J.; Medina, M.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.5 pp. 1682-1685
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
absorbance; air; catechin; epicatechin; esters; ferulic acid; flor yeasts; procyanidins; sherry; syringic acid; white wines
Abstract:
... Contents of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxycinnamic esters, and monomeric and dimeric derivatives of flavan-3-ol during biological aging of dry pale sherry white wine were measured and compared between wine without aging and wines in five different stages of aging. The results show a significant decrease in the levels of vanillic and ferulic acids, catechin, epicatechin and procy ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf960808w

12. Characterization and expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase proposed for the induced resistance response of Vitis vinifera L

Author:
Busam, G.; Junghanns, K.T.; Kneusel, R.E.; Kassemeyer, H.H.; Matern, U.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1039-1048
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
lignification; plant pathogenic fungi; salicylic acid; genes; phenotype; methylation; systemic acquired resistance; clones; gene expression; disease resistance; esters; Vitis vinifera; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences; pathogenicity; enzyme activity; caffeic acid; coenzyme A; niacin; transferases; cell suspension culture; chitinase
Abstract:
... Cell-suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot Noir accumulated resveratrol upon fungal elicitation, and the activity of S-adenosyl-1-methionine:trans-caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), yielding feruloyl-CoA, increased to a transient maximum at 12 to 15 h. CCoAOMT cDNA was cloned from the elicited cells and was shown to encode a polypeptide highly homologous to CCoAOMTs f ...
PubMed:
9390437
PubMed Central:
PMC158567

13. Characterization of cold-pressed key and persian lime oils by gas chromatography, gas chromagraphy/mass spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and physicochemical indices

Author:
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Lamonica, G.; Dugo, G.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.9 pp. 3608-3616
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Citrus latifolia; aldehydes; beta-pinene; epoxides; essential oils; esters; gamma-terpinene; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrolysis; juices; limonene; mass spectrometry; oils; sabinene; sesquiterpenoids; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... The physicochemical indices and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile fraction and the oxygenated heterocyclic fraction of cold-pressed Key lime oil (types A and B) and Persian lime oil are reported. The volatile fraction of Persian lime oil is characterized by a higher content of limonene, gamma-terpinene, esters, and monoterpene aldehydes and a lower content of beta-pinene ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf960932f

14. Characterization of insecticidal sugar esters of Petunia

Author:
Chortyk, O.T.; Kays, S.J.; Teng, Q.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1997 v.45 no.1 pp. 270-275
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Petunia; glucose; sucrose esters; glycolipids; bioassays; extraction; chemical constituents of plants; separation; chemical structure; leaves
Abstract:
... The recent finding that leaf surface glycolipids of Petunia X hybrida Hort. plants possess insecticidal activity against sweetpotato whiteflies prompted a search for the specific compounds responsible for this biological activity. Successive liquid chromatographic fractionations of an extract of cuticular chemicals of Petunia plants yielded distinct fractions of two glucose esters and four sucrose ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf960322f

15. Characterization of thylakoid-derived lipid-protein particles bearing the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Author:
Smith, M.D.; Ghosh, S.; Dumbroff, E.B.; Thompson, J.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1073-1082
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; fatty acids; thylakoids; proteinases; adenosine triphosphate; Phaseolus vulgaris; esters; light; chemical constituents of plants; protein content; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Lipid-protein particles bearing the 55-kD ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (EC 4.1.1.39) large subunit (RLSU) and no detectable corresponding Rubisco small subunit (RSSU) were isolated from the stroma of intact chloroplasts by flotation centrifugation. Stromal RLSU-bearing particles appear to originate from thylakoids because they can also be generated in vitro by illumina ...

16. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants

Author:
Valivety, Rao; Jauregi, Paula; Gill, Iqbal; Vulfson, Evgeny
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.7 pp. 879-886
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
acylation; amides; amino acid derivatives; amino acids; copper; esters; free amino acids; glycerol; myristic acid; surfactants
Abstract:
... The application of lipases to the synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants was investigated. Low yields (2-9%) were obtained in the acylation of free amino acids, such as l-serine and l-lysine, as well as their ethyl esters and amides with fatty acids, owing in part to low miscibility of the reactants. When the N-carbobenzyloxy (Cbz)-l-amino acids were used in an effort to improve miscibility of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0232-8

17. Determination of singlet oxygen-specific versus radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in photosensitized oxidation of lipid bilayers: effect of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol

Author:
Stratton, S.P.; Liebler, D.C.
Source:
Biochemistry 1997 v.36 no.42 pp. 12911-12920
ISSN:
0006-2960
Subject:
singlet oxygen; photosensitizing agents; lipid peroxidation; methylene blue; models; photooxidation; alpha-tocopherol; beta-carotene; esters; isotope dilution technique; phospholipids; lipid bilayers; hydroperoxides; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... Photosensitized oxidation reactions damage tissue by catalyzing the formation of oxyradicals and singlet oxygen. beta-Carotene is hypothesized to exert photoprotective effects by quenching singlet oxygen formed by Type II reactions and by scavenging free radicals formed by Type I reactions. beta-Carotene antioxidant mechanisms were studied in a phospholipid membrane model of photooxidation with a ...
DOI:
10.1021/bi9708646
PubMed:
9335550

18. Determination of zinc O,O′-dialkyl dithiophosphate lubricant additives via the corresponding methyl and p-nitrobenzylic ester derivatives using GC-MS, GC-NPD and HPLC-MS

Author:
R. Becker; W. Hoffmann; A. Knorr; W. Walther; A. Lehmann
Source:
Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 1997 v.357 no.6 pp. 688-694
ISSN:
0937-0633
Subject:
additives; analytical chemistry; detection; esters; gas chromatography; length; lubricants; markets; mass spectrometry; mixtures; monitoring; oils; quantitative analysis; solutions; zinc
Abstract:
... A quantitative fingerprinting of automotive lubricants with respect to zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDP), major anti-wear/antioxidant additives, is presented. ZDPs in lubricant solutions are converted into the corresponding methyl and p-nitrobenzylic esters, respectively. After removal of the lubricant matrix the methyl esters are submitted to gas chromatography (GC). Mass spectrometric detectio ...
DOI:
10.1007/s002160050235

19. Development of steryl ester analysis for the detection of admixtures of vegetable oils

Author:
Gordon, Michael H.; Miller, Luke A. D.
Source:
journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1997 v.74 no.5 pp. 505-510
ISSN:
0003-021X
Subject:
Carthamus tinctorius; corn; cottonseed; esters; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; olives; palm oils; peanuts; rapeseed; soybeans; sunflower oil; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... The steryl ester content and composition of 28 samples from 10 vegetable oil types have been determined by isolation of the steryl esters by high-performance liquid chromatography and analysis by gas chromatography. The oils can be classified into oils with a high content (>4000 mg/kg) of steryl esters (corn and rapeseed); oils with a medium content (1400-2400 mg/kg) of steryl esters (sunflower oi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11746-997-0172-3

20. Dietary very long chain fatty acids directly influence the ratio of tetracosenoic (24∶1) to tetracosanoic (24∶0) acids of sphingomyelin in rat liver

Author:
W. J. Bettger; C. B. Blackadar
Source:
Lipids 1997 v.32 no.1 pp. 51-55
ISSN:
0024-4201
Subject:
dietary fat; dietary supplements; esters; fatty acid composition; liver; males; olives; prediction; rats; regression analysis; sphingomyelins; very long chain fatty acids; weanlings
Abstract:
... Twenty-one groups of weanling male Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets containing 5% (w/w) of different dietary fats. After 2 wk, liver sphingomyelin (SM) fatty acid composition was determined. The ratio of 24∶1 to 24∶0 in liver SM varied over a tenfold range in response to dietary fat type. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that dietary 24∶1, 24∶0, and 22∶1 were the most signifi ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11745-997-0008-1
PubMed:
9075193