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1. The Absorption and Fluorescence of Isoflavones and the Effect of Shift Reagents

Author:
Otto S. Wolfbeis; Eva Fiirlinger; Hem Chandra Jha; Fritz Zilliken
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 238-243
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; aluminum chloride; ammonia; borax; fluorescence; isoflavones; isomers; methanol; sodium acetate; sodium borate; sodium hydroxide; spectral analysis; sulfuric acid
Abstract:
... The absorption and fluorescence maxima of 20 isoflavones have been determined in methanol solution and the effect of addition of water, 50% sulfuric acid, aluminium trichloride, borax, sodium acetate, ammonia and sodium hydroxide has been studied. The following findings may be useful in the structure elucidation of naturally occurring isoflavones: (a) 5-Hydroxyisoflavones have band I absorption ma ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0220

2. Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae), a New Maidenhair Fern from Chiapas, Mexico

Author:
Hirai Regina Y.; Sundue Michael A.; Prado Jefferson
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 380-383
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Adiantum; ferns and fern allies; flora; indigenous species; new species; plant taxonomy; taxonomic keys; tropics; Mexico
Abstract:
... Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae) is described from Chiapas, Mexico. It is similar to A. raddianum, and previously identified as such, however it can be distinguished by its yellow-farinose indusia, the proximal acroscopic pinnule of each pinna usually overlapping the main rachis, flabellate segments, and rachises that are weakly flexuose distally. In contrast, A. raddianum has non-farinose indu ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680942

3. Agricultural Landscape Sustainability under Pressure: Policy Developments and Landscape Change

Author:
Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 123-140
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; environmental policy; farmers; farms; income; landscapes; planning; public policy; urbanization
Abstract:
... Agricultural landscape sustainability is affected by combinations of agricultural developments and various forms of urbanisation. This paper analyses how public policy, including spatial planning, has responded over time and affected these two drivers which intersect in various ways depending on the regional context and local conditions. Using data from recent Danish studies, the paper shows how a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.891726

4. Aquaporin water channel in the salivary glands of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus is predominant in workers and absent in soldiers

Author:
Kohei Kambara; Tomone Nagae; Wakako Ohmura; Masaaki Azuma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 94-102
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Bombyx mori; Coptotermes formosanus; Drosophila; aquaporins; enzymes; immunocytochemistry; ingestion; molecular weight; nests; plasma membrane; salivary glands; salivation; secretion; silkworms; social structure; subterranean termites
Abstract:
... Termite society is unique because the worker caste fetches and carries free water, utilizing it as a solvent for nest construction and gallery building and to maintain wetness for their nestmates. Such water management in a social organization relies largely upon the function of the workers in the colony, as well as on the individuals controlling the location and movement of water inside their bod ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12052

5. Assessing the effects of sodium on fire ant foraging in the field and colony growth in the laboratory

Author:
JULIAN RESASCO; SANFORD D. PORTER; NATHAN J. SANDERS; DOUGLAS J. LEVEY
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 267-271
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Solenopsis invicta; ant colonies; anthropogenic activities; baits; environmental impact; fire ants; foraging; population growth; sodium; sodium chloride
Abstract:
... Sodium is an essential dietary element and preferential foraging for high concentrations of sodium by inland herbivorous and omnivorous ants suggests it may be limiting. If so, increased sodium availability through altered deposition and anthropogenic sources may lead to increased colony and population growth and cascading ecological impacts. For red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, t ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12089

6. Bartonella Species in Fleas from Palestinian Territories: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity

Author:
Nasereddin A.; Risheq A.; Harrus S.; Azmi K.; Ereqat S.; Baneth G.; Salant H.; Mumcuoglu K.Y.; Abdeen Z.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Bartonella clarridgeiae; Bartonella elizabethae; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella koehlerae; Bartonella tribocorum; Ctenocephalides canis; Ctenocephalides felis; DNA; Procaviidae; Rattus rattus; Xenopsylla; cats; dogs; domestic animals; genes; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; loci; pathogens; phylogeny; rats; ribosomal RNA; risk; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of Bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from Palestinian territories are described. Flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern Palestinian territories (n=11). The prevalent flea species were: C ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-261

7. Beer Snobs Do Exist: Estimation of Beer Demand by Type

Author:
Daniel Toro-Gonzalez; Jill J. McCluskey; Ron C. Mittelhammer
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 174-187
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
beers; income elasticities; markets; sales; United States
Abstract:
... Although mass-produced beers still represent the vast majority of U.S. beer sales, there has been a significant growth trend in the craft beer segment. This study analyzes the demand for beer as a dierentiated product and estimates own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for beer by type: craft beer, mass-produced beer, and imported beer. We verify that beer is a normal good with a conside ...

8. Biting Patterns and Host Preference of Anopheles epiroticus in Chang Island, Trat Province, Eastern Thailand

Author:
Ritthison Wanapa; Tainchum Krajana; Manguin Sylvie; Bangs Michael J.; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 361-371
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles dirus; Anopheles epiroticus; Anopheles maculatus; Anopheles minimus; blood; coasts; dry season; females; hills; host preferences; insect vectors; malaria; species diversity; vector control; villages; Thailand
Abstract:
... A study of species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of Chang Island, Trat Province, in eastern Thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. Of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus Cellia and remaining specim ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-361

9. Borrelia crocidurae in Ornithodoros Ticks from Northwestern Morocco: A Range Extension in Relation to Climatic Change?

Author:
Souidi Yassine; Boudebouch Najma; Ezikouri Sayeh; Belghyti Driss; Trape Jean-François; Sarih M'hammed
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-320
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Borrelia crocidurae; Ornithodoros; burrows; climate change; dry environmental conditions; fever; humans; polymerase chain reaction; rodents; sequence analysis; ticks; Morocco
Abstract:
... Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by Borrelia spirochetes transmitted to humans by Argasid soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. We investigated the presence of Ornithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in nine sites of the Gharb region of northwestern Morocco where we recently documented a high incidence of TBRF in humans. We assessed the Borrelia infection rate by nested PCR and sequencing. ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-316

10. Characterization of a lectin from the craysfish Cherax quadricarinatus hemolymph and its effect on hemocytes

Author:
J.L. Sánchez-Salgado; M.A. Pereyra; O. Vivanco-Rojas; C. Sierra-Castillo; J.J. Alpuche-Osorno; E. Zenteno; C. Agundis
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 450-457
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Cherax quadricarinatus; affinity chromatography; alanine; blood serum; cattle; crayfish; erythrocytes; fetuins; galactose; glucose; hemagglutination; hemocytes; histidine; in vitro studies; lectins; mass spectrometry; methionine; mucins; rabbits; rats; receptors; sialic acids; stomach; superoxide anion; superoxide dismutase; swine
Abstract:
... Lectins participate in the immune mechanisms of crustaceans. They have been considered as humoral receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, some reports suggest that lectins could regulate crustacean cellular functions. In the present study, we purified and characterized a serum lectin (CqL) from the hemolymph of Cherax quadricarinatus by affinity chromatography and determined ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.039

11. Characterization of novel galactosylated chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides

Author:
Brenna A. Black; Yalu Yan; Sandra Galle; Ying Hu; Jonathan M. Curtis; Michael G. Gänzle
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 330-335
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Lactobacillus plantarum; beta-galactosidase; enzymatic reactions; lactose; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; polymerization
Abstract:
... This study determined whether chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) are suitable acceptor carbohydrates for the LacLM-type β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus plantarum. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with lactose as galactosyl-donor and chitinbiose (N,N′-diacetyl chitobiose), chitintriose (N,N′N″-triacetyl chitotriose) or a highly deacetylated COS preparation with a degre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.001

12. Chemical aspects of host‐acceptance behaviour in the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi: host‐acceptance signals used by different morphs with the same genotype

Author:
Ki Jung Nam; Jim Hardie
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Prunus padus; Prunus virginiana; Rhopalosiphum padi; adults; artificial diets; barley; beans; genotype; grasses; growing season; host plants; leaves; morphs; nymphs; parturition; plant extracts; progeny; seedlings
Abstract:
... Host acceptance by gynoparae and winged virginoparae of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is investigated utilizing leaves and aqueous extracts of the primary and secondary hosts, as well as nonhost plants. Gynoparae are specialized to reproduce on bird cherry Prunus padus L., whereas virginoparae reproduce and feed on various grasses. Host acceptance is assessed using levels of re ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12058

13. Chymosin-induced hydrolysis of caseins: Influence of degree of phosphorylation of alpha-s1-casein and genetic variants of beta-casein

Author:
Etske Bijl; Hein van Valenberg; Sybren Sikkes; Stijn Jumelet; Guido Sala; Kees Olieman; Toon van Hooijdonk; Thom Huppertz
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
alphaS1-casein; amino acid composition; beta-casein; chymosin; firmness; gel strength; gels; genetic variation; hydrolysis; milk; phosphates; phosphorylation; proteolysis; sodium caseinate
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of natural variations in αS1-casein and β-casein composition of milk on chymosin-induced hydrolysis of these caseins in milk gels and in sodium caseinate solutions. At 50% casein degradation, 15% more of αS1-casein with eight phosphate groups was hydrolysed compared with αS1-casein with nine phosphate groups in chymosin-induced milk gels. F ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.005

14. Classification and phagocytosis of circulating haemocytes in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the effect of extrinsic stimulation on circulating haemocytes in vivo

Author:
Sunjian Lv; Jiehao Xu; Jing Zhao; Na Yin; Binjie Lu; Song Li; Yuyin Chen; Haisheng Xu
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 415-422
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacillus subtilis; Eriocheir sinensis; aquaculture; crabs; cytoplasmic granules; electron microscopy; granules; granulocytes; hemocytes; lipopolysaccharides; pathogens; phagocytes; phagocytosis; polystyrenes; toxicity; China
Abstract:
... Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards 1854) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In this investigation, we characterised the different types of haemocytes of E. sinensis using light and electron microscopy combined with cytochemical analysis and determined the in vivo phagocytic ability of different haemocyte types by injecting polystyrene beads. The haemocytes of E. sinens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.036

15. Climate change impact on the limnology of Lake Kariba, Zambia–Zimbabwe

Author:
TS Mahere; MZ Mtsambiwa; PC Chifamba; T Nhiwatiwa
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
ecosystems; fisheries; global warming; heat transfer; lakes; limnology; prediction; temperature profiles; thermal stability; water temperature
Abstract:
... There is evidence that global warming is changing the thermal regimes of tropical lakes and this paper examines the impact of warming on the limnology of Lake Kariba. Between 1986 and 2011 the mean temperature of the lake rose by 0.7 °C, a rate equivalent to 0.03 °C y ⁻¹, but this increase was not uniform, being most pronounced in March and May (1.5 and 1.4 °C, respectively) and least in August an ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.927350

16. Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Collected with Light Trap in Deciduous Tropical Forest of Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Author:
Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio; Morón Miguel Ángel; Aragón-García Agustín; Ortega-Arenas Laura Delia; Reyes-Olivas Álvaro; Sánchez-Soto Bardo H.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 355-365
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Cyclocephala; Geotrupidae; Passalidae; Phyllophaga; Trogidae; adults; species diversity; tropical forests; Mexico
Abstract:
... Species richness, abundance, and seasonal distribution of Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea were evaluated in a deciduous tropical forest at Choix and El Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico, from July to October 2009 by means of nocturnal collections at three locations. More than 36,000 specimens were obtained, representing 45 species and 21 genera of Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Scarabaeinae, Hybosoridae, Oc ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0213

17. Colonization of a Newly Constructed Urban Wetland by Mosquitoes in England: Implications for Nuisance and Vector Species

Author:
Medlock Jolyon M.; Vaux Alexander G.C.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 249-260
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Culex; West Nile virus; aquatic habitat; constructed wetlands; drainage; drying; field experimentation; planning; protected species; sewage; sewage treatment; storms; vegetation; England
Abstract:
... Urban wetlands are being created in the UK as part of sustainable urban drainage strategies, to create wetland habitats lost during development, to provide a habitat for protected species, and to increase the public's access to ‘blue-space’ for the improvement of health and well-being. Sewage treatment reedbeds are also being incorporated into newly constructed wetlands to offer an alternative app ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-249

18. Competition between the Filth Fly Parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and M. raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Author:
Geden C. J.; Johnson D. M.; Kaufman P. E.; Boohene C. K.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 278-287
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Musca domestica; Muscidifurax raptor; adults; bioassays; birds of prey; females; hosts; parasitism; parasitoids; progeny; pupae
Abstract:
... Competition bioassays were conducted with the filth fly pupal parasitoids Muscidurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) and M. raptorellus (Kogan & Legner) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) hosts at different host densities. Muscidifurax raptor had a significant impact on M. raptorellus when hosts were limiting in sequential parasitism tests. Fewer than six ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-278

19. Cross-modal interaction between cheese taste and aroma

Author:
Jun Niimi; Andrew I. Eddy; Amy R. Overington; Patrick Silcock; Phil J. Bremer; Conor M. Delahunty
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 222-228
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Cheddar cheese; flavor; lactic acid; monosodium glutamate; odors; olfactometers; sodium chloride; taste
Abstract:
... The relative contributions of taste and aroma to the perception of cheese flavour intensity were investigated using a simultaneous gustometer olfactometer. Within a mixture of five tastes and a multicomponent aroma that had a mature Cheddar cheese character, the levels of NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), lactic acid, and aroma were varied according to a 24 full factorial design, all with appropri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.002

20. Cryptic and Overlooked: Species Delimitation in the Mycoheterotrophic Monotropsis (Ericaceae: Monotropoideae)

Author:
Rose Jeffrey P.; Freudenstein John V.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 578-593
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Ericaceae; autumn; chloroplast DNA; flowering; geographical distribution; herbs; morphometry; nuclear genome; phenology; plant taxonomy; principal component analysis; symbiosis; taxonomic revisions; Florida
Abstract:
... Most recent treatments of Monotropsis recognize a single species of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herbs endemic to the southeastern U. S. A. (M. odorata), although four species have been described. This study reevaluates these proposed taxa using a comprehensive approach to species delimitation analyzing variation in morphology, phenology, geography, nuclear DNA, and chloroplast DNA. Principa ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680762

21. Darstellung und Struktur von 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4-7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan / Synthesis and Structure of l,2,5,6-Tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane

Author:
H.-J. Wörz; H. Pritzkow; H. P. Latscha
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 139-141
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Bicyclus; benzene; chemical reactions; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... The reaction of o-phenylenebis(dichlorphosphane) (3) with Lil in benzene gives 1,2,5,6- tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane (4a), whose structure is reported. The bicyclus is also characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0203

22. Darstellung, 11B-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren isomerenreiner Halogenohydrododecaborate XnB12H12–n2–; X = Cl, n = 1–3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1 / Preparation, nB NMR and Vibrational Spectra of Pure Isomeric Halohydrododecaborates XnB12H12-n2-; X = Cl, n = 1-3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1

Author:
H.-G. Srebny; W. Preetz; H. C. Marsmann
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; bromine; cellulose; chlorine; iodine; ion exchange chromatography; isomers; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; prediction
Abstract:
... Pure isomers of XₙB₁₂H₁₂₋ₙ²⁻; X = Cl, Br, I are isolated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The structures are determined by ¹¹B and ¹¹B {¹H}NMR spectroscopy. With X = Cl, Br the signal of ipso-B atomes is shifted to lower, with X = I to higher field compared with B₁₂H₁₂²⁻. The resonances of B-atoms influenced by the antipodal effect are observed at high field, increasi ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0212

23. Defining, researching and struggling for water justice: some conceptual building blocks for research and action

Author:
Margreet Z. Zwarteveen; Rutgerd Boelens
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-158
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
ecosystems; politics; social justice
Abstract:
... This article provides a framework for understanding water problems as problems of justice. Drawing on wider (environmental) justice approaches, informed by interdisciplinary ontologies that define water as simultaneously natural (material) and social, and based on an explicit acceptance of water problems as always contested, the article posits that water justice is embedded and specific to histori ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.891168

24. Detection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Dengue Virus as a Complementary Method for Increasing the Sensitivity of Surveillance: Identification of Serotypes 1, 2, and 4 by RT-PCR in Quintana Roo, Mexico

Author:
Méndez-Galván Jorge; Sánchez-Casas Rosa M.; Gaitan-Burns Alejandro; Díaz-González Esteban E.; Ibarra-Juarez Luis A.; Garza Carlos E. Medina de la; Dominguez-Galera Marco; Mis-Ávila Pedro; Fernández-Salas Ildefonso
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 307-316
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Dengue virus; disease outbreaks; females; monitoring; population; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; serotypes; Mexico
Abstract:
... Sensitivity of monitoring Aedes aegypti (L.) populations was determined to identify the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) during epidemics in Quintana Roo. From September to November 2012, we used a motorized aspirator to collect 2,144 female Ae. aegypti from 569 homes. These were grouped into 220 to use semi-nested RT-PCR for DENV, and positive groups were analyzed individually. Five groups (2. ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0208

25. Developing science-based policy for protecting the Waterloo Moraine groundwater resource

Author:
Ray J. Blackport; Mark L. Dorfman
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 209-227
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
Clean Water Act; data collection; groundwater; hydrologic models; issues and policy; land use; public water supply; risk management; technology; uncertainty; wells; Ontario
Abstract:
... The Waterloo Moraine has been used as a municipal water source for more than 100 years. Groundwater currently provides about 80% of the Region of Waterloo’s municipal water needs with much of this water originating from the Waterloo Moraine. Water supply management and land-use controls are both critical in sustaining and maintaining the groundwater resource. In order to manage the water resource ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914803

26. Diazadiene als Steuerliganden in der Homogenen Katalyse, VIII [1] Katalytische Trimerisierung substituierter Acetylencarbonsäureester und Isolierung eines Acetylendicarbonsäureester-Diazadien-Nickel(0)-Addukts / Diazadienes as Controlling Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis, VIII [1] Catalytic Trimerization of Substituted Acetylene Carbonic Acid Esters and Isolation of an Acetylene Dicarbonic Acid Ester Diazadiene Nickel(0) Adduct

Author:
Rainer Diercks; Heindirk tom Dieck
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 180-184
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; acetylene; carbonic acid; carboxylic acids; catalytic activity; esters; ligands; nickel; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Nickel(0) complexes of diazadienes (dad = RN = CR' - CR ' = NR) catalyse the trimerization of esters of 2-butynoic acid, phenylpropynoic acid and butynedioic acid to give hexasubstituted benzenes with the unsymmetrical esters 2 as the main products. A primary adduct 7 of acetylene dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester of the type (dad)Ni(alkyne) could be isolated and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR and UV ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0210

27. Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Author:
Frauke Fedderwitz; Niklas Björklund; Velemir Ninkovic; Göran Nordlander
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; adults; egg production; females; forest regeneration; girdling; locomotion; males; plant response; seedlings; Europe
Abstract:
... The pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae] has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, although there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, in the present study, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruc ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12053

28. Dimere Naphthochinone, X* Ein neuartiger Syntheseweg zu Desapogossypolon-tetraethylether / Dimeric Naphthoquinones, X* A Convenient Synthesis of Desapogossypolone Tetraethyl Ether

Author:
Hartmut Laatsch
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 244-247
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; gossypol; naphthoquinones
Abstract:
... Desapogossypolone tetraethyl (2b), a degradation product of gossypol (1), was obtained in a simple way by oxidative coupling of 6,7-diethoxy-4-methoxy-1-naphthol (7c) and C-methylation with diazomethane ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0221

29. Dispersal and recruitment of fish in an intermittent stream network

Author:
Tim Dexter; Nick Bond; Robin Hale; Paul Reich
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
temporal variation; species dispersal; winter; landscapes; surveys; drought; spring; habitat conservation; streams; swimming; perch; Galaxiidae; surface water; population structure; habitats
Abstract:
... Animal movement is an important process connecting habitats in heterogeneous landscapes, and can play a key role in population persistence. Laboratory swim trials were conducted to determine and compare the dispersal capabilities of two native Australian fish, mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, Family Galaxiidae) and southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis, Family Nannopercidae) that maintain ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12064

30. Distinct regulation patterns of the two prophenoloxidase activating enzymes corresponding to bacteria challenge and their compensatory over expression feature in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Author:
Zhenguo Pang; Su-Kyoung Kim; Jiaping Yu; In-kwon Jang
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 158-167
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; Vibrio harveyi; bacteria; enzymes; genes; hemolymph; innate immunity; melanization; messenger RNA; mortality; pathogens; prophenoloxidase; shrimp; tissues; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 2 (PPAE2), which belongs to the second PPAE family of prawns, was isolated from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The currently identified lvPPAE2 and lvPPAE1 from our former report were taken as model candidates to analyze the relationship of the two shrimp PPAE families as well as the regulation mechanism of shrimp PPAEs. The tissue expression of lvPPAE2 was m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.026

31. Documentation of the Chromosome Number for Zigadenus glaberrimus (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and its Significance in the Taxonomy of Tribe Melanthieae

Author:
Zomlefer Wendy B.; McKain Michael; Rentsch Jeremy
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 411-414
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Zigadenus; chromosome number; hexaploidy; plant taxonomy
Abstract:
... The monotypic genus Zigadenus occupies a critical position in the evolution of Melanthieae as sister to the clade comprising the rest of the genera in the tribe. Meiotic (n = 27) and mitotic (2n = 54) chromosome counts for Zigadenus glaberrimus documented here do not support a long-standing tentative report of 2n = 52. The likely base chromosome number of the tribe and significance of chromosome n ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680951

32. Dynamic changes in volatile emissions of breeding burying beetles

Author:
Wolf Haberer; Sandra Steiger; Josef K. Müller
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 153-164
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Nematoda; Nicrophorus vespilloides; alcohols; aldehydes; arthropods; bacteria; breeding; brood rearing; emissions; esters; females; fungi; gas chromatography; headspace analysis; ketones; males; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; parasites; phenolic compounds; surveys; terpenoids; vertebrates; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Burying beetles reproduce on small vertebrate carcasses by exhibiting elaborate biparental brood care. Partner recognition in breeding Nicrophorus species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) relies substantially on information encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Until recently, it was unknown whether breeding burying beetles also produce volatile low molecular weight substances and, if so, which functi ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12059

33. Early growth and obesity risk – What should health professionals be advising?

Author:
E. Papadopoulou; S. Stanner
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 195-212
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
at-risk population; underweight; obesity; adults; breast feeding; women; human development; low birth weight; observational studies; energy balance; infant formulas; risk factors; pregnancy; children; infancy; diabetes; lifestyle; infants; weight gain; nutritional status; complementary foods; health care workers; body composition; protein content; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Obesity rates in the UK have been continuously increasing among adults and children and have been attributed to nutritional and lifestyle practices that promote a positive shift in energy balance. Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that the origins of obesity start at the earliest stages of human development and specifically pre‐conception, in utero and during early inf ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12090

34. Ecological Succession and Its Impact on Malaria Vectors and Their Predators in Borrow Pits in Western Ethiopia

Author:
Kiszewski Anthony E.; Teffera Zelalem; Wondafrash Melaku; Ravesi Michael; Pollack Richard J.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 414-423
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Acroceras macrum; Anopheles gambiae; Centella asiatica; Culex; Cyperus; Leersia hexandra; Notonectidae; Smithia; Trifolium; breeding; ecological succession; fauna; grasses; habitats; immatures; invertebrates; larvae; legumes; malaria; plant communities; predators; soil; surveys; watersheds; wet season; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... Soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of Africa. Borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of Western Ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to Anophel ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-414

35. Editorial: Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes

Author:
Simon Swaffield; Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 101-106
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; attitudes and opinions; funding; issues and policy; resource management
Abstract:
... The opinions expressed and arguments employed in the papers derived from the 2011 Copenhagen Workshop are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. The 2011 Copenhagen Workshop from which the special issue papers on ‘Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes’ were developed ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.889461

36. Effect of high-pressure-processing on lipolysis and volatile compounds of Brie cheese during ripening and refrigerated storage

Author:
Javier Calzada; Ana del Olmo; Antonia Picon; Manuel Nuñez
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 232-239
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Brie cheese; acids; alcohols; aldehydes; amines; cold storage; color; consumer acceptance; esters; ethers; fatty acid composition; free fatty acids; hydrocarbons; ketones; lipolysis; manufacturing; odors; pyrazines; ripening; sulfur; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Brie cheeses were high pressure (HP)-treated at 400 or 600 MPa, on days 14 or 21 after manufacture, to prevent over-ripening. HP-treatment reduced total free fatty acid content of 120-day-old cheese by up to 88.5%. On day 120, HP-treated cheeses had levels of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and ethers up to 3.4, 1.9, 43.8, 18.7 and 5.6 times higher, respectively, than control cheese, while keto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.007

37. Effect of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera

Author:
Abdul R. War; Hari C. Sharma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 136-142
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Helicoverpa armigera; adverse effects; correlation; crops; genotype; induced resistance; insect control; insect growth; insect pests; jasmonic acid; larvae; midgut; peanuts; proteins; salicylic acid; secondary metabolites; trypsin
Abstract:
... Induced resistance in plants affects insect growth and development as a result of the up‐regulation of defence‐related secondary metabolites or enzyme‐binding proteins. In the present study, the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) are examined. Larval survival, larval weights and the activities of digestive enzymes ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12057

38. Effect of the pH of skim milk at heating on milk concentrate viscosity

Author:
Skelte G. Anema; Edwin K. Lowe; Siew Kim Lee; Henning Klostermeyer
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 336-343
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
blood serum; evaporation; heat; kappa-casein; micelles; pH; skim milk; total solids; viscosity; whey protein
Abstract:
... Concentrates from skim milk heated at pH 6.5 to 7.1 had viscosities that followed power law behaviour and could be described by consistency coefficients (K) and flow behaviour indices (n). On evaporation to 40% total solids, milk heated at pH 6.5 produced concentrates with higher K than those from unheated milk. Milk samples heated at pH 7.1 produced concentrates with lower K than those from unhea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.010

39. Effect of water trophic level on the impact of the water hyacinth moth Niphograpta albiguttalis on Eichhornia crassipes

Author:
K Canavan; JA Coetzee; MP Hill; ID Paterson
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 203-208
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Eichhornia crassipes; Niphograpta albiguttalis; biological control agents; eutrophication; greenhouse experimentation; herbivores; invasive species; moths; water quality; South Africa
Abstract:
... Eutrophication contributes to the proliferation of alien invasive weed species such as water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes . Although the South American moth Niphograpta albiguttalis was released in South Africa in 1990 as a biological control agent against water hyacinth, no post-release evaluations have yet been conducted here. The impact of N. albiguttalis on water hyacinth growth was quantifie ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.893225

40. Effectiveness of Noninvasive DNA Analysis to Reveal Isolated-Forest Use by the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
DNA; Martes; females; forests; genetic markers; home range; males; monitoring; urine; wintering grounds; Japan
Abstract:
... In order to assess importance of isolated forests as the wintering habitat of the sable (Martes zibellina) in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we performed DNA analyses on 59 samples noninvasively collected in field (54 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples). Consequently, 46 (41 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples) of the 59 samples were recognized to have dropped from the sable. In addition, we successfully i ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0205

41. Effects of Consequentiality in Binary- and Multinomial-Choice Surveys

Author:
Matthew G. Interis; Daniel R. Petrolia
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 201-216
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
issues and policy; prediction; surveys
Abstract:
... We examine the effect of respondent perceptions of consequentiality on a split-sample binary-choice/multinomial-choice stated-preference survey. We fail to observe the knife-edge results predicted in the consequentiality literature in the binary-choice data but do observe them in the multinomial-choice data. In the multinomial-choice data, only respondents who believed the survey was at least some ...

42. Effects of group size on aggregation against desiccation in woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea)

Author:
Pierre Broly; Laëtitia Devigne; Jean‐Louis Deneubourg; Cédric Devigne
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Porcellio scaber; aggregation behavior; air; group size; surface area
Abstract:
... Aggregation in terrestrial isopods, a behaviour that results in the formation of dense clusters, is readily accepted as a mechanism of resistance to desiccation. Thus, aggregation is considered to be an adaptation to terrestrial life in this fully terrestrial suborder of crustaceans. In the present study of Porcellio scaber Latreille, a cosmopolitan species, individual water loss is investigated e ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12060

43. Effects of predation risk and plant resistance on Manduca sexta caterpillar feeding behaviour and physiology

Author:
JENNIFER S. THALER; HEIDY CONTRERAS; GOGGY DAVIDOWITZ
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 210-216
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Manduca sexta; Podisus maculiventris; feeding behavior; food availability; host plants; ingestion; insect larvae; physiological response; predation; predators; resting metabolic rate; risk; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Because predation risk typically alters how prey forage for food, interactions between predation risk and food availability are commonly found. Less is known about how host plant quality and predation risk interact to affect prey behaviour and physiology. Using the caterpillar, Manduca sexta, and its predator, Podisus maculiventris, the effects of predation risk and host plant quality on caterpill ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12086

44. Efficient preparation of sialyloligosaccharides from bovine colostrum facilitated by an improved thin-layer chromatographic monitoring system

Author:
T. Terabayashi; S. Endo; Y. Uemura; M. Morita; K. Fukuda; T. Urashima
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 240-245
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
acetic acid; cow colostrum; fluorescence; high performance liquid chromatography; isomers; mass spectrometry; milk; monitoring; solvents; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) system is described for the investigation of bovine milk sialyloligosaccharides (SOSs). A solvent system, acetone/2-propanol/pyridine/water/acetic acid (60:60:10:30:3, by vol), was developed for the clear separation of sialyl-lactose and sialyl-lactosamine including their isomers, 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glc), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL, Neu5Ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.006

45. Egg development of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata along latitudinal gradients

Author:
LENNIE ROTVIT; DEAN JACOBSEN
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 177-185
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Ephemeroptera; Odonata; Plecoptera; aquatic insects; eggs; latitude; seasonal variation
Abstract:
... Interest in the effect of temperature on ecophysiological processes is growing. Using published data, a meta‐analysis was carried out on the influence of temperature on duration of egg development of the aquatic insect orders Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata in relation to latitudinal compensation. The aim was to test the hypotheses on thermal adaptation and countergradient variation. The ord ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12085

46. Enhanced characterisation of milk fat globules by their size, shape and refractive index with scanning flow cytometry

Author:
Anastasiya I. Konokhova; Andrey A. Rodionov; Konstantin V. Gilev; Ilya M. Mikhaelis; Dmitry I. Strokotov; Alexander E. Moskalensky; Maxim A. Yurkin; Andrei V. Chernyshev; Valeri P. Maltsev
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-323
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
fat globules; flow cytometry; light scattering; milk; milk fat; models; refractive index; surface area
Abstract:
... We present a high-precision method for characterisation of a milk sample by the distributions over milk fat globules (MFG) size, shape, and refractive index (RI). We measured light-scattering profiles of individual MFGs and used global optimisation to retrieve their characteristics. We tested two optical models, a sphere and an oblate spheroid, and found that the latter is a more adequate model fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.006

47. Entomofaunistic Diversity in a Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Agroecosystem in Coahuila, Mexico

Author:
Márquez-Hernández C.; Santana S.; Ávila V.; García J.L.; Preciado P.; Moreno A.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 317-326
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
cotton; agroecosystems; Lepidoptera; fauna; pitfall traps; Gossypium hirsutum; transgenic plants; Sphecidae; Cicadellidae; pests; Formicidae; toxicity; insects; adults; Curculionidae; Mexico
Abstract:
... Studies are lacking of entomofaunistic diversity studies in artificial ecosystems such as agroecosystems. It is estimated that in agroecosystems only 3% of the species behave as pests and 97% are auxiliary fauna. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a protein toxic against some lepidopterans; however, some studies mention that it harms other orders of insects. The purpose of this study wa ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0209

48. Evaluation of Onion Germplasm for Resistance to Iris Yellow Spot (Iris yellow spot virus) and Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci

Author:
Boateng C. O.; Schwartz H. F.; Havey M. J.; Otto K.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 237-260
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
germplasm; Iris yellow spot tospovirus; cultivars; insect pests; plant diseases and disorders; germplasm evaluation; Allium cepa; host plants; breeding; insect vectors; onions; disease resistance; integrated pest management; field experimentation; USDA; germplasm conservation; pest resistance; breeding lines; Thrips tabaci; Colorado
Abstract:
... Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most economically important monocot besides grasses. The crop suffers severe damage from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. In addition to causing direct feeding damage, onion thrips is the principal vector of the economically important Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus sp., family Bunyaviridae). Any attempt to manage th ...
Handle:
10113/58964
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0218

49. Evolution, epigenetics and cooperation

Author:
Patrick Bateson
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 191-200
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
epigenetics; evolution; genes; group behavior; heat
Abstract:
... Explanations for biological evolution in terms of changes in gene frequencies refer to outcomes rather than process. Integrating epigenetic studies with older evolutionary theories has drawn attention to the ways in which evolution occurs. Adaptation at the level of the gene is giving way to adaptation at the level of the organism and higher-order assemblages of organisms. These ideas impact on th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9342-7
PubMed:
24736153

50. Examining the emerging role of groundwater in water inequity in India

Author:
Veena Srinivasan; Seema Kulkarni
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 172-186
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
case studies; groundwater; groundwater extraction; issues and policy; monitoring; planning; surface water; wells; India
Abstract:
... This article addresses a gap in the water equity literature arising from the simultaneous use of surface water and groundwater in India. Using two diverse case studies – one agricultural (Kukdi) and one urban (Chennai) – we demonstrate how gaps in planning, design and policy exacerbate inequity. Groundwater abstraction from user wells allows wealthier users to both free-ride and capture a greater ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.890998