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1. 6π-Tricarbonyl-Komplexe von Pyridin-Derivaten, Synthesen und Reaktionen / 6π-Tricarbonyl-Chromium Complexes of Pyridine Derivatives, Syntheses and Reactions

Author:
Karl Dimroth; Rüdiger Thamm; Hans Kaletsch
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 207-212
ISSN:
1865-7117
Subject:
X-radiation; chromium; crystallization; hydrogen; methanolysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; pyridines
Abstract:
... New 6π-tricarbonylchromiumpyrnftne complexes 5c and 5d could be synthesized from 2,6-di-rbutyl- and 2,4,6-tri-f-butylpyridines (3c and 3d) with chromium hexacarbonyl. They are characterized by their ¹H and ¹³C NMR Spectra and their CO-frequencies which are rather similar to those of 6π-tricarbonylchromium-2,4 ,6-triphenyl [1] or 2,4,6-trw-butyl- [2] λ³-phosphorins. When 5d is reacted with lithiump ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0215

2. A New Southwestern Species of Erioptera Meigen Crane Fly (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Author:
Taber Stephen W.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 327-336
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Tipulidae; adults; color; crane flies; females; juveniles; male genitalia; new species; Utah
Abstract:
... A new species of Erioptera Meigen crane fly was discovered from Utah. Erioptera brauni Taber is most closely related to Erioptera villosa Osten Sacken, but the two species can be distinguished by structures of the male genitalia and by the color of the halteres. Adult females and juveniles remain unknown. ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0210

3. A New Species for a Monotypic Genus: Anteremanthus (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)

Author:
Roque Nádia; Santana Fernanda Afonso
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 656-661
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Asteraceae; Lavandula; appendages; bracts; corolla; ecology; florets; new species; phylogeny; plant taxonomy; plateaus; setae (animal); trichomes; Africa; Asia; Brazil
Abstract:
... Vernonieae (Asteraceae) is a natural tribe defined mainly by discoid and homogamous heads, phyllaries imbricate in three to nine series, style branches acute with trichomes extending below the bifurcation, and cypselae 3–20-ribbed. It has been classified with morphological and molecular phylogenetic data into 21 subtribes, 127 genera and more than 1,000 species, distributed in the Americas, Asia, ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680771

4. A New Species of Maytenus (Celastraceae) with Fleshy Fruits from Eastern Brazil, with Notes on the Delimitation of Maytenus

Author:
Groppo Milton; Simmons Mark P.; Cappa Jennifer J.; Biral Leonardo; Lombardi Julio A.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 478-484
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Maytenus; conservation status; deforestation; ecosystems; fruits; genes; geographical distribution; leaves; new species; paraphyly; phenology; plant taxonomy; rain forests; ribosomal DNA; seeds; taxonomic keys; tropics; Brazil
Abstract:
... A new species of Celastraceae, Maytenus megalocarpa, is described and illustrated. The species is known from only a small number of collections from eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia and Minas Gerais states. It is considered endangered given the rapid deforestation of this biome. The species is readily distinguished from its congeners by its large, tardily dehiscent fruit that do ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680726

5. A New and Threatened Species of Passiflora Section Decaloba (Passifloraceae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Author:
Bernacci Luís C.; Mezzonato Ana Carolina; Salimena Fátima Regina Gonçalves
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 517-522
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Passiflora; flowers; leaf blade; new species; ocelli; plant taxonomy; threatened species; Brazil
Abstract:
... A new species of Passiflora from the rocky fields (“campos rupestres”) of Minas Gerais State is described: P. rupestris, which belongs to Passiflrora sect. Decaloba. The species is distinguished by having a 3-lobed obtriangular leaf blade that is longer than wide, of small size (1.5–2.9 × 1.3–2.2 cm), without ocelli, and with slightly divergent lobes (27–40°), and a particular combination of chara ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680799

6. A Novel Multiple Membrane Blood-Feeding System for Investigating and Maintaining Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

Author:
Luo Yi-Pey
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 271-277
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; adenosine triphosphate; blood; cattle; collagen; eggs; fecundity; females; hematophagy; mice; pupae; pupation; survival rate; swine
Abstract:
... A novel multiple membrane blood-feeding system for mosquitoes has been developed for the study and routine maintenance of Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse that require a meal of vertebrate blood to produce eggs. This blood-feeding system uses cattle collagen sausage-casing membrane to facilitate feeding. The efficiency of this blood-feeding system was compared to a live mice blood sourc ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-271

7. A clip-domain serine proteinase homolog (SPH) in oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense provides insights into its role in innate immune response

Author:
Zhili Ding; Youqin Kong; Liqiao Chen; Jianguang Qin; Shengming Sun; Ming Li; Zhenyu Du; Jinyun Ye
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 336-342
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Macrobrachium nipponense; amino acids; animals; complementary DNA; developmental stages; gene expression regulation; hemocytes; hepatopancreas; innate immunity; messenger RNA; microorganisms; monophenol monooxygenase; open reading frames; sequence analysis; serine proteinases; tissue distribution; tissues; vitellogenesis
Abstract:
... In this study, a clip-domain serine proteinase homolog designated as MnSPH was cloned and characterized from a freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. The full-length cDNA of MnSPH was 1897 bp and contained a 1701 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 566 amino acids, a 103 bp 5′-untranslated region, and a 93 bp 3′-untranslated region. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced ami ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.021

8. A collaborative approach to groundwater protection: The Rural Water Quality Program for Waterloo Region

Author:
Hugh C. Simpson; Robert C. de Loë
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 228-239
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
decision making; drinking water; groundwater; program planning; stakeholders; water quality; wellhead protection; wells; Ontario
Abstract:
... Source water protection (SWP) efforts in many jurisdictions focus primarily on protecting municipal groundwater wells through a highly technical process known as wellhead protection planning (WHPP). Less attention has been given to implementing a broader approach for protecting groundwater supplies both within and outside municipal wellhead protection areas through stewardship and other approaches ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914789

9. A conserved zinc finger transcription factor GATA involving in the hemocyte production of scallop Chlamys farreri

Author:
Feng Yue; Zhi Zhou; Lingling Wang; Mengqiang Wang; Linsheng Song
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 125-135
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Azumapecten farreri; GATA transcription factors; RNA interference; amino acids; complementary DNA; double-stranded RNA; gel electrophoresis; genes; gills; heart; hematopoiesis; hemocytes; hepatopancreas; in vitro studies; messenger RNA; nucleotide sequences; polypeptides; scallops; zinc finger motif
Abstract:
... GATA are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence “GATA”, and involved in a myriad of cellular processes. GATA1/2/3 factors are known as the hematopoietic GATA factors, which play dominated roles in regulating hematopoiesis. In the present study, a gene encoding GATA transcription factor (designed as CfGATA) was cloned and characterized from the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.010

10. A fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) is involved in the antibacterial immunity of Marsupenaeus japonicus

Author:
Jie-Jie Sun; Jiang-Feng Lan; Xiu-Zhen Shi; Ming-Chong Yang; Hui-Ting Yang; Xiao-Fan Zhao; Jin-Xing Wang
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 296-304
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Marsupenaeus japonicus; RNA interference; Staphylococcus aureus; Vibrio anguillarum; agglutination; bacteria; complementary DNA; cytoplasm; gills; heart; hemocytes; hepatopancreas; intestines; mortality; open reading frames; phagocytosis; polysaccharides; proteins; shrimp; signal peptide; stomach
Abstract:
... Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in invertebrates have important functions in innate immunity. In this study, the cDNA of FREP was identified from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjFREP2). The full-length cDNA of MjFREP2 is 1138 bp with an open reading frame of 954 bp that encodes a 317-amino acid protein comprising a signal peptide and a fibrinogen-like domain. MjFREP2 could be detec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.005

11. A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species‐rich subfamily of stick insects

Author:
SVEN BRADLER; JAMES A. ROBERTSON; MICHAEL F. WHITING
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 205-222
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
histones; ribosomal DNA; tropics; Bayesian theory; genes; Phasmida; monophyly; insects; leaves
Abstract:
... The phasmatodeans or stick and leaf insects are considered to be a mesodiverse insect order with more than 3000 species reported mainly from the tropics. The stick insect subfamily Necrosciinae comprises approximately 700 described species in more than 60 genera from the Oriental and Australian region, forming the most species‐rich subfamily traditionally recognized within Phasmatodea. However, th ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12055

12. A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation

Author:
CHARLES S. HENRY; STEPHEN J. BROOKS; JAMES B. JOHNSON; ATSUSHI MOCHIZUKI; PETER DUELLI
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 380-393
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Chrysoperla carnea; Chrysoperla plorabunda; ancestry; ecology; hybridization; life history; mitochondrial DNA; new species; parallel evolution; phenotype; phylogeny; sympatry; Asia
Abstract:
... Parallel (or convergent) evolution of vibrational mating songs between species confined to different continents has been found several times in the Chrysoperla carnea species‐group of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable) green lacewings. Repeated parallel speciation resulting in taxa that differ in duetting songs but not in appearance or ecology suggests an atypical mode of speciation, one ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12061

13. A new species of Pseudotettigonia Zeuner (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with an intact stridulatory field and reexamination of the subfamily Pseudotettigoniinae

Author:
DALE E. GREENWALT; JES RUST
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 256-263
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Tettigonia viridissima; fossils; insect morphology; insect taxonomy; new species; Montana
Abstract:
... Pseudotettigonia leona sp.n. is described from a single left forewing collected from the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana, U.S.A. P. leona is the second of only two fossil macropterous Tettigoniidae that preserve an intact stridulatory apparatus. The subfamily Pseudotettigoniinae is reexamined. The specific epithet bricei is assigned to the late Miocene fossil tettigoniid ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12050

14. A personal perspective on individual and group: Comparative cultural observations with a focus on Ibn Khaldun

Author:
George Katsiaficas
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 327-332
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
Muslims; cultural differences; history; humans
Abstract:
... As the Islamic world declined in the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun wrote the Muqaddimah, a massive philosophical work in which he sought scientific grounds for a universal analysis of human beings. By seeking a global history of humanity, one that was not derived from the particular history of any one group, he was able to offer insight into the importance of group solidarity, assabiyeh. In this essay ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9393-9
PubMed:
24736163

15. A preliminary molecular phylogenetic assessment of the lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with comments on palatability and chemical sequestration

Author:
CLARE H. SCOTT; JENNIFER M. ZASPEL; PABLO CHIALVO; SUSAN J. WELLER
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 286-303
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Lepidoptera; adults; barcoding; feeding behavior; genes; larvae; lichens; moths; palatability; phylogeny; polyphenols; predators; secondary metabolites; surveys
Abstract:
... The lichen moth tribe Lithosiini is best known for its hypothesized larval feeding behaviour, lichenivory. The larvae of some species have been found to be capable of sequestering polyphenolics, and the adults of some species are unpalatable to vertebrate predators. However, the chemical basis for the defence is unknown. Here we reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis using likelihood methods (maxim ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12047

16. A three-dimensional groundwater flow model of the Waterloo Moraine for water resource management

Author:
Patricia A. Meyer; Martinus Brouwers; Paul J. Martin
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 167-180
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
climatic factors; drinking water; finite element analysis; groundwater; groundwater flow; groundwater recharge; hydrologic models; land use; public water supply; risk assessment; rivers; sediments; spatial data; streams; subwatersheds; surface water; uncertainty; water budget; wells; wetlands
Abstract:
... The Waterloo Moraine has been a drinking water source for the people of Waterloo Region for over a century and, as such, it has been the subject of numerous geologic and hydrogeologic studies for over five decades. Two of the companion papers in this Special Issue describe the evolution of the hydrogeological conceptualization of the Moraine sediments and the history of groundwater modelling of th ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914800

17. A three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic model of the Waterloo Moraine area, southern Ontario, Canada

Author:
Andy F. Bajc; Hazen A.J. Russell; David R. Sharpe
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 95-119
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
aquifers; basins; data collection; drinking water; geometry; gravel; groundwater; groundwater flow; issues and policy; lakes; land use; models; nutrient management; sand; snowmelt; Ontario
Abstract:
... Aquifers of the Waterloo Moraine play a key role as the main source of drinking water for the Region of Waterloo. For the effective management of this water source, a sound understanding of the aquifers contained within and below the Moraine is essential. Critical knowledge required for this understanding includes the definition of the sediment facies distribution, architectural elements and geolo ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914794

18. Abamectin Effect on Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)1 Functional Response

Author:
Hernández Agustín; González Aideé; Chacón Julio C.; Landeros Jerónimo; Cerna Ernesto; Flores Mariano; Aguirre Luis A.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Chrysoperla carnea; Heliothis virescens; Spodoptera frugiperda; abamectin; adverse effects; biological control agents; eggs; equations; insecticides; instars; larvae; predation
Abstract:
... The effect of abamectin was evaluated on the functional response of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), at seven egg densities of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using Holling s disc equation. Functional response of green lacewing was Type II, indicating that as p ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0204

19. Abundance, composition and distribution of solid wastes in the Tanzanian waters of Lake Victoria

Author:
GW Ngupula; RJ Kayanda; CA Mashafi
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 229-232
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; fisheries; gillnets; humans; lakes; plastic bags; pollution; solid wastes; surveys; transportation; watersheds; Lake Victoria
Abstract:
... The abundance, composition and distribution of solid waste in the Tanzanian waters of Lake Victoria were quantified during surveys in May and October 2013 at 68 stations in six depth strata using the bottom trawl swept area method. By weight, the wastes encountered were composed of multifilament gillnets (44%), monofilament gillnets (42%), longlines and hooks (7%), plastic bags (4%), floats (2%), ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.924898

20. Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae), a New Maidenhair Fern from Chiapas, Mexico

Author:
Hirai Regina Y.; Sundue Michael A.; Prado Jefferson
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 380-383
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Adiantum; ferns and fern allies; flora; indigenous species; new species; plant taxonomy; taxonomic keys; tropics; Mexico
Abstract:
... Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae) is described from Chiapas, Mexico. It is similar to A. raddianum, and previously identified as such, however it can be distinguished by its yellow-farinose indusia, the proximal acroscopic pinnule of each pinna usually overlapping the main rachis, flabellate segments, and rachises that are weakly flexuose distally. In contrast, A. raddianum has non-farinose indu ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680942

21. After the crash: How do predators adjust following the invasion of a novel toxic prey type?

Author:
John Llewelyn; Lin Schwarzkopf; Benjamin L. Phillips; Richard Shine
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 190-197
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
lizards; Rhinella marina; predators; Varanus; feeding behavior; toxicity; invasive species; frogs; population dynamics; toads
Abstract:
... The ability of a native predator to adjust to a dangerously toxic invasive species is key to avoiding an ongoing suppression of the predator's population and the trophic cascade of effects that can result. Many species of anurophagous predators have suffered population declines due to the cane toad's (Rhinella marina: Bufonidae) invasion of Australia; these predators can be fatally poisoned from a ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12058

22. Ag-NORs Analysis in Three Species of Red-Backed Voles, with a Consideration of Generic Allocation of Anderson's Red-Backed Vole

Author:
Suzuki Takuma; Obara Yoshitaka; Tsuchiya Kimiyuki; Oshida Tatsuo; Iwasa Masahiro A.
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 91-97
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Clethrionomys; Eothenomys; acrocentric chromosomes; autosomes; chromosome banding; diploidy; karyotyping; sex chromosomes; staining; voles
Abstract:
... To further make karyotaxonomic characterization of Anderson's red-backed vole (Eothenomys andersoni) certain, Ag-NOR-carrying chromosomes were identified by sequential G-band/silver staining in the red-backed voles Myodes (formerly Clethrionomys) rufocanus (Mru), E. andersoni (Ean), and E. smithii (Esm). These voles had the same diploid number (2n = 56), and their karyotypes scarcely differed from ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0204

23. Agricultural Landscape Sustainability under Pressure: Policy Developments and Landscape Change

Author:
Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 123-140
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; environmental policy; farmers; farms; income; landscapes; planning; public policy; urbanization
Abstract:
... Agricultural landscape sustainability is affected by combinations of agricultural developments and various forms of urbanisation. This paper analyses how public policy, including spatial planning, has responded over time and affected these two drivers which intersect in various ways depending on the regional context and local conditions. Using data from recent Danish studies, the paper shows how a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.891726

24. An ensemble approach to the evolution of complex systems

Author:
Göker Arpağ; Ayşe Erzan
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 259-280
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
RNA interference; evolution; phase transition; topology; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Adaptive systems frequently incorporate complex structures which can arise spontaneously and which may be non-adaptive in the evolutionary sense. We give examples from phase transition and fractal growth to develop the themes of cooperative phenomena and pattern formation. We discuss RNA interference and transcriptional gene regulation networks, where a major part of the topological properties can ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9394-8
PubMed:
24736159

25. Anti-viral gene induction is absent upon secondary challenge with double-stranded RNA in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author:
Timothy J. Green; Kirsten Benkendorff; Nick Robinson; David Raftos; Peter Speck
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 492-497
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Crassostrea gigas; DNA methylation; aquaculture industry; disease control; disease outbreaks; double-stranded RNA; epigenetics; gene induction; genes; gills; immune system; muscles; oyster culture; oysters; receptors; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... Oyster farming is one of the most important aquaculture industries in the world. However, its productivity is increasingly limited by viral disease and we do not yet have management practices, such as protective vaccination, that can control these disease outbreaks. Hence, in the current study we investigated the expression of known anti-viral genes in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in response to pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.010

26. Antibacterial activity and immune responses of a molluscan macrophage expressed gene-1 from disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus

Author:
S.D.N.K. Bathige; Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan; Ilson Whang; Bong-Soo Lim; Seung Hwan Won; Jehee Lee
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 263-272
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Haliotis corrugata; Haliotis discus; Listeria monocytogenes; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; abalone; amino acids; antibacterial properties; bacteria; binding sites; birds; genes; hemocytes; immune response; immunostimulants; innate immunity; isoelectric point; lipopolysaccharides; macrophages; mammals; molecular weight; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; peptides; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reptiles; sequence analysis; tissues; transcription factors
Abstract:
... The membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain-containing proteins play an important role in the innate immune response against invading microbial pathogens. In the current study, a member of the MACPF domain-containing proteins, macrophage expressed gene-1 (MPEG1) encoding 730 amino acids with the theoretical molecular mass of 79.6 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.49 was characterized ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.012

27. Aquaporin water channel in the salivary glands of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus is predominant in workers and absent in soldiers

Author:
Kohei Kambara; Tomone Nagae; Wakako Ohmura; Masaaki Azuma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 94-102
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Bombyx mori; Coptotermes formosanus; Drosophila; aquaporins; enzymes; immunocytochemistry; ingestion; molecular weight; nests; plasma membrane; salivary glands; salivation; secretion; silkworms; social structure; subterranean termites
Abstract:
... Termite society is unique because the worker caste fetches and carries free water, utilizing it as a solvent for nest construction and gallery building and to maintain wetness for their nestmates. Such water management in a social organization relies largely upon the function of the workers in the colony, as well as on the individuals controlling the location and movement of water inside their bod ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12052

28. Aroclor 1254 inhibits the chemiluminescence response of peritoneal cavity cells from sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo)

Author:
Mirella Vazzana; Gabriele Reas; Matteo Cammarata; Vincenzo Arizza; Vincenzo Ferrantelli; Nicolò Parrinello
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 498-502
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Diplodus; body weight; chemiluminescence; chronic exposure; disease resistance; fish; fish health; innate immunity; intraperitoneal injection; macrophages; neutrophils; peritoneum; polychlorinated biphenyls; zymosan
Abstract:
... Chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) affect the immune system of fish and could lead to a decreased disease resistance. The effects of Aroclor 1254, PCB mixtures, on the Diplodus puntazzo innate immunity were examined by assaying the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence response (CL) of peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) at various times (1, 24, 48 h and 1–4 weeks) from intraperitoneal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.030

29. Assessing the effects of sodium on fire ant foraging in the field and colony growth in the laboratory

Author:
JULIAN RESASCO; SANFORD D. PORTER; NATHAN J. SANDERS; DOUGLAS J. LEVEY
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 267-271
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Solenopsis invicta; ant colonies; anthropogenic activities; baits; environmental impact; fire ants; foraging; population growth; sodium; sodium chloride
Abstract:
... Sodium is an essential dietary element and preferential foraging for high concentrations of sodium by inland herbivorous and omnivorous ants suggests it may be limiting. If so, increased sodium availability through altered deposition and anthropogenic sources may lead to increased colony and population growth and cascading ecological impacts. For red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, t ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12089

30. Bacterial metatranscriptome analysis of a probiotic yogurt using an RNA-Seq approach

Author:
Jordan E. Bisanz; Jean M. Macklaim; Gregory B. Gloor; Gregor Reid
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 284-292
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
amino acids; flavor; gene expression; gene expression regulation; messenger RNA; probiotics; protein metabolism; sequence analysis; storage time; translation (genetics); yogurt
Abstract:
... We describe one of the first metatranscriptome analyses of a probiotic-containing yogurt using an RNA-Seq approach. The mRNA from three yogurt samples, representing two different flavors and two time points for one flavor, was extracted and sequenced with the ABI SOLiD 4 sequencing platform. To help understand the molecular basis for survival of these organisms in fermented milk, the highly expres ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.010

31. Bartonella Species in Fleas from Palestinian Territories: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity

Author:
Nasereddin A.; Risheq A.; Harrus S.; Azmi K.; Ereqat S.; Baneth G.; Salant H.; Mumcuoglu K.Y.; Abdeen Z.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Bartonella clarridgeiae; Bartonella elizabethae; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella koehlerae; Bartonella tribocorum; Ctenocephalides canis; Ctenocephalides felis; DNA; Procaviidae; Rattus rattus; Xenopsylla; cats; dogs; domestic animals; genes; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; loci; pathogens; phylogeny; rats; ribosomal RNA; risk; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of Bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from Palestinian territories are described. Flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern Palestinian territories (n=11). The prevalent flea species were: C ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-261

32. Beer Snobs Do Exist: Estimation of Beer Demand by Type

Author:
Daniel Toro-Gonzalez; Jill J. McCluskey; Ron C. Mittelhammer
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 174-187
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
beers; income elasticities; markets; sales; United States
Abstract:
... Although mass-produced beers still represent the vast majority of U.S. beer sales, there has been a significant growth trend in the craft beer segment. This study analyzes the demand for beer as a dierentiated product and estimates own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for beer by type: craft beer, mass-produced beer, and imported beer. We verify that beer is a normal good with a conside ...

33. Behavioral Responses of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles minimus Against Various Synthetic and Natural Repellent Compounds

Author:
Sathantriphop Sunaiyana; White Sabrina A.; Achee Nicole L.; Sanguanpong Unchalee; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 328-339
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Anopheles minimus; Culex quinquefasciatus; Nepeta cataria; basil; deet; deltamethrin; essential oils; permethrin; pyrethrins; repellents; screening
Abstract:
... The behavioral responses of colony populations of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles minimus to four essential oils (citronella, hairy basil, catnip, and vetiver), two standard repellents (DEET and picaridin), and two synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin) were conducted in the laboratory using an excito-repellency test system. Results revealed that ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-328

34. Bioaccumulation of metals in Tilapia zillii from Badeni Dam, Côte d'Ivoire

Author:
RB Tate; A Husted
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 199-202
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Tilapia zillii; bioaccumulation; cadmium; copper; fish; humans; iron; manganese; rivers; watersheds; zinc; Cote d'Ivoire
Abstract:
... Given the importance of fish as a source of protein and the potential for exposure of humans to metal elements, metal bioaccumulation concentrations in Tilapia zillii from four sites in the Badeni Dam on the Badeni River, Côte d'Ivoire, were analysed in March 2013. There were no significant differences between sites and therefore mean values for the impoundment as a whole were used to compare data ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.926265

35. Biosynthesis of Riboflavin Preparation of Phosphorylated Pyrimidine Intermediates

Author:
Adelbert Bacher
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 252-258
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
biosynthesis; esters; hydrogenation; isomers; phosphoric acid; riboflavin; yeasts
Abstract:
... 2-Amino-5-nitro-6-(1'-D -ribityl)amino-4(3H)-pyrim idinone (6a) was converted to the dimethoxytrityl derivative, which was subsequently acetylated. The trityl residue was then removed, and the com pound was phosphorylated by the cyanoethyl method. Removal of the protecting groups yielded 2-am ino-5-nitro-6-(1'-D -ribityl) aminopyrimidinone 5'-phosphate (11a). Catalytic hydrogenation yielded the la ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0223

36. Biting Patterns and Host Preference of Anopheles epiroticus in Chang Island, Trat Province, Eastern Thailand

Author:
Ritthison Wanapa; Tainchum Krajana; Manguin Sylvie; Bangs Michael J.; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 361-371
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles dirus; Anopheles epiroticus; Anopheles maculatus; Anopheles minimus; blood; coasts; dry season; females; hills; host preferences; insect vectors; malaria; species diversity; vector control; villages; Thailand
Abstract:
... A study of species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of Chang Island, Trat Province, in eastern Thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. Of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus Cellia and remaining specim ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-361

37. Borrelia crocidurae in Ornithodoros Ticks from Northwestern Morocco: A Range Extension in Relation to Climatic Change?

Author:
Souidi Yassine; Boudebouch Najma; Ezikouri Sayeh; Belghyti Driss; Trape Jean-François; Sarih M'hammed
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-320
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Borrelia crocidurae; Ornithodoros; burrows; climate change; dry environmental conditions; fever; humans; polymerase chain reaction; rodents; sequence analysis; ticks; Morocco
Abstract:
... Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by Borrelia spirochetes transmitted to humans by Argasid soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. We investigated the presence of Ornithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in nine sites of the Gharb region of northwestern Morocco where we recently documented a high incidence of TBRF in humans. We assessed the Borrelia infection rate by nested PCR and sequencing. ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-316

38. Characterisation of a cold-active and salt-tolerant esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum with potential application during cheese ripening

Author:
María Esteban-Torres; Laura Santamaría; Blanca de las Rivas; Rosario Muñoz
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 312-315
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus plantarum; affinity chromatography; cheese ripening; cheeses; esterases; flavor; genes; lactic acid bacteria; microbial activity; pH; salt tolerance; sodium chloride; temperature
Abstract:
... During cheese ripening, the metabolic activity of microorganisms influences cheese flavour. Lactobacillus plantarum is a non-starter lactic acid bacterium that can be found during cheese ripening. An esterase-encoding gene from L. plantarum, lp_3505, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The biotechnologically produced Lp_3505 protein was purified as an active soluble form using ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.004

39. Characterization of a lectin from the craysfish Cherax quadricarinatus hemolymph and its effect on hemocytes

Author:
J.L. Sánchez-Salgado; M.A. Pereyra; O. Vivanco-Rojas; C. Sierra-Castillo; J.J. Alpuche-Osorno; E. Zenteno; C. Agundis
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 450-457
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Cherax quadricarinatus; affinity chromatography; alanine; blood serum; cattle; crayfish; erythrocytes; fetuins; galactose; glucose; hemagglutination; hemocytes; histidine; in vitro studies; lectins; mass spectrometry; methionine; mucins; rabbits; rats; receptors; sialic acids; stomach; superoxide anion; superoxide dismutase; swine
Abstract:
... Lectins participate in the immune mechanisms of crustaceans. They have been considered as humoral receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, some reports suggest that lectins could regulate crustacean cellular functions. In the present study, we purified and characterized a serum lectin (CqL) from the hemolymph of Cherax quadricarinatus by affinity chromatography and determined ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.039

40. Characterization of novel galactosylated chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides

Author:
Brenna A. Black; Yalu Yan; Sandra Galle; Ying Hu; Jonathan M. Curtis; Michael G. Gänzle
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 330-335
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Lactobacillus plantarum; beta-galactosidase; enzymatic reactions; lactose; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; polymerization
Abstract:
... This study determined whether chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) are suitable acceptor carbohydrates for the LacLM-type β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus plantarum. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with lactose as galactosyl-donor and chitinbiose (N,N′-diacetyl chitobiose), chitintriose (N,N′N″-triacetyl chitotriose) or a highly deacetylated COS preparation with a degre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.001

41. Chemical aspects of host‐acceptance behaviour in the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi: host‐acceptance signals used by different morphs with the same genotype

Author:
Ki Jung Nam; Jim Hardie
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Prunus padus; Prunus virginiana; Rhopalosiphum padi; adults; artificial diets; barley; beans; genotype; grasses; growing season; host plants; leaves; morphs; nymphs; parturition; plant extracts; progeny; seedlings
Abstract:
... Host acceptance by gynoparae and winged virginoparae of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is investigated utilizing leaves and aqueous extracts of the primary and secondary hosts, as well as nonhost plants. Gynoparae are specialized to reproduce on bird cherry Prunus padus L., whereas virginoparae reproduce and feed on various grasses. Host acceptance is assessed using levels of re ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12058

42. Chymosin-induced hydrolysis of caseins: Influence of degree of phosphorylation of alpha-s1-casein and genetic variants of beta-casein

Author:
Etske Bijl; Hein van Valenberg; Sybren Sikkes; Stijn Jumelet; Guido Sala; Kees Olieman; Toon van Hooijdonk; Thom Huppertz
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
alphaS1-casein; amino acid composition; beta-casein; chymosin; firmness; gel strength; gels; genetic variation; hydrolysis; milk; phosphates; phosphorylation; proteolysis; sodium caseinate
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of natural variations in αS1-casein and β-casein composition of milk on chymosin-induced hydrolysis of these caseins in milk gels and in sodium caseinate solutions. At 50% casein degradation, 15% more of αS1-casein with eight phosphate groups was hydrolysed compared with αS1-casein with nine phosphate groups in chymosin-induced milk gels. F ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.005

43. Classification and phagocytosis of circulating haemocytes in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the effect of extrinsic stimulation on circulating haemocytes in vivo

Author:
Sunjian Lv; Jiehao Xu; Jing Zhao; Na Yin; Binjie Lu; Song Li; Yuyin Chen; Haisheng Xu
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 415-422
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacillus subtilis; Eriocheir sinensis; aquaculture; crabs; cytoplasmic granules; electron microscopy; granules; granulocytes; hemocytes; lipopolysaccharides; pathogens; phagocytes; phagocytosis; polystyrenes; toxicity; China
Abstract:
... Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards 1854) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In this investigation, we characterised the different types of haemocytes of E. sinensis using light and electron microscopy combined with cytochemical analysis and determined the in vivo phagocytic ability of different haemocyte types by injecting polystyrene beads. The haemocytes of E. sinens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.036

44. Climate change impact on the limnology of Lake Kariba, Zambia–Zimbabwe

Author:
TS Mahere; MZ Mtsambiwa; PC Chifamba; T Nhiwatiwa
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
ecosystems; fisheries; global warming; heat transfer; lakes; limnology; prediction; temperature profiles; thermal stability; water temperature
Abstract:
... There is evidence that global warming is changing the thermal regimes of tropical lakes and this paper examines the impact of warming on the limnology of Lake Kariba. Between 1986 and 2011 the mean temperature of the lake rose by 0.7 °C, a rate equivalent to 0.03 °C y ⁻¹, but this increase was not uniform, being most pronounced in March and May (1.5 and 1.4 °C, respectively) and least in August an ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.927350

45. Cloning and characterization of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain in Fenneropenaeus chinensis and its essential role in white spot syndrome virus infection

Author:
Jixing Feng; Xiaoqian Tang; Wenbin Zhan
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 407-414
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Fenneropenaeus chinensis; White spot syndrome virus; amino acids; complementary DNA; double-stranded RNA; dynein ATPase; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; hemocytes; messenger RNA; microscopy; polypeptides; sequence alignment
Abstract:
... To investigate the role of cytoplasmic dynein in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, the full-length cDNA of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain (FcDYNCI) was cloned in Fenneropenaeus chinensis, which consists of 2582 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 660 amino acids. Sequence analysis and multiple sequence alignment displayed that FcDYNCI was a member of cytoplasmic dynein 1 family. The F ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.034

46. Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Collected with Light Trap in Deciduous Tropical Forest of Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

Author:
Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio; Morón Miguel Ángel; Aragón-García Agustín; Ortega-Arenas Laura Delia; Reyes-Olivas Álvaro; Sánchez-Soto Bardo H.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 355-365
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Cyclocephala; Geotrupidae; Passalidae; Phyllophaga; Trogidae; adults; species diversity; tropical forests; Mexico
Abstract:
... Species richness, abundance, and seasonal distribution of Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea were evaluated in a deciduous tropical forest at Choix and El Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico, from July to October 2009 by means of nocturnal collections at three locations. More than 36,000 specimens were obtained, representing 45 species and 21 genera of Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Scarabaeinae, Hybosoridae, Oc ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0213

47. Colonization of a Newly Constructed Urban Wetland by Mosquitoes in England: Implications for Nuisance and Vector Species

Author:
Medlock Jolyon M.; Vaux Alexander G.C.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 249-260
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Culex; West Nile virus; aquatic habitat; constructed wetlands; drainage; drying; field experimentation; planning; protected species; sewage; sewage treatment; storms; vegetation; England
Abstract:
... Urban wetlands are being created in the UK as part of sustainable urban drainage strategies, to create wetland habitats lost during development, to provide a habitat for protected species, and to increase the public's access to ‘blue-space’ for the improvement of health and well-being. Sewage treatment reedbeds are also being incorporated into newly constructed wetlands to offer an alternative app ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-249

48. Comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues

Author:
SWAPNA R. PURANDARE; BRIGITTE TENHUMBERG; JENNIFER A. BRISSON
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 263-266
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Coccinella septempunctata; risk; Hippodamia convergens; Acyrthosiphon pisum; predators; laboratory experimentation; predation; progeny; habitats; females
Abstract:
... Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris; Hemiptera: Aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12080
PubMed:
24791058
PubMed Central:
PMC4002047

49. Competing views on cancer

Author:
Carlos Sonnenschein; Ana M Soto; Annapoorni Rangarajan; Prakash Kulkarni
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 281-302
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
epigenetics; proteins; stem cells
Abstract:
... Despite intense research efforts that have provided enormous insight, cancer continues to be a poorly understood disease. There has been much debate over whether the cancerous state can be said to originate in a single cell or whether it is a reflection of aberrant behaviour on the part of a ‘society of cells’. This article presents, in the form of a debate conducted among the authors, three views ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9403-y
PubMed:
24736160
PubMed Central:
PMC4136489

50. Competition between the Filth Fly Parasitoids Muscidifurax raptor and M. raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Author:
Geden C. J.; Johnson D. M.; Kaufman P. E.; Boohene C. K.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 278-287
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Musca domestica; Muscidifurax raptor; adults; bioassays; birds of prey; females; hosts; parasitism; parasitoids; progeny; pupae
Abstract:
... Competition bioassays were conducted with the filth fly pupal parasitoids Muscidurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) and M. raptorellus (Kogan & Legner) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) hosts at different host densities. Muscidifurax raptor had a significant impact on M. raptorellus when hosts were limiting in sequential parasitism tests. Fewer than six ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-278

51. Conceptual framework for ex-ante evaluation at the micro/macro level of GM crops with health benefits

Author:
Hans De Steur; Dieter Blancquaert; Willy Lambert; Dominique Van Der Straeten; Xavier Gellynck
Source:
Trends in food science & technology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 116-134
ISSN:
0924-2244
Subject:
biofortification; consumer acceptance; cost effectiveness; ex ante analysis; folic acid; genetically modified foods; genetically modified plants; health foods; markets; socioeconomics; willingness to pay
Abstract:
... Socio-economic research plays an important role to successfully introduce novel, controversial goods, such as GM food. This review presents a conceptual framework to explore the market potential of GM food with health benefits at both micro and macro level. While the former examines consumer acceptance and willingness-to-pay, the latter assesses the health impacts and cost-effectiveness. Thereby, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tifs.2014.06.010

52. Creating equitable water institutions on disputed land: a Honduran case study

Author:
Catherine M. Tucker
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 216-232
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
case studies; committees; water resources; water rights; Honduras
Abstract:
... This article explores the decade-long process by which village-level water committees established a reserve in 2002 to protect communal mountain springs in the Montaña Camapara region of Honduras. In so doing, it considers the conditions under which shared dependence on water resources may motivate cooperation and foster equitable access to water in the face of difficult challenges posed by confli ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.888986

53. Cross-modal interaction between cheese taste and aroma

Author:
Jun Niimi; Andrew I. Eddy; Amy R. Overington; Patrick Silcock; Phil J. Bremer; Conor M. Delahunty
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 222-228
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Cheddar cheese; flavor; lactic acid; monosodium glutamate; odors; olfactometers; sodium chloride; taste
Abstract:
... The relative contributions of taste and aroma to the perception of cheese flavour intensity were investigated using a simultaneous gustometer olfactometer. Within a mixture of five tastes and a multicomponent aroma that had a mature Cheddar cheese character, the levels of NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), lactic acid, and aroma were varied according to a 24 full factorial design, all with appropri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.002

54. Cryptic and Overlooked: Species Delimitation in the Mycoheterotrophic Monotropsis (Ericaceae: Monotropoideae)

Author:
Rose Jeffrey P.; Freudenstein John V.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 578-593
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Ericaceae; autumn; chloroplast DNA; flowering; geographical distribution; herbs; morphometry; nuclear genome; phenology; plant taxonomy; principal component analysis; symbiosis; taxonomic revisions; Florida
Abstract:
... Most recent treatments of Monotropsis recognize a single species of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herbs endemic to the southeastern U. S. A. (M. odorata), although four species have been described. This study reevaluates these proposed taxa using a comprehensive approach to species delimitation analyzing variation in morphology, phenology, geography, nuclear DNA, and chloroplast DNA. Principa ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680762

55. Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Various Climatic Zones of Russia and Adjacent Lands

Author:
Sprygin A.V.; Fiodorova O.A.; Babin Yu.Yu; Elatkin N.P.; Mathieu B.; England M.E.; Kononov A.V.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 306-315
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Bluetongue virus; Culicoides; breeding sites; climatic factors; climatic zones; habitats; host preferences; ruminants; species diversity; vector-borne diseases; viruses; Russia
Abstract:
... Culicoides biting midges play an important role in the epidemiology of many vector-borne infections, including bluetongue virus, an internationally important virus of ruminants. The territory of the Russian Federation includes regions with diverse climatic conditions and a wide range of habitats suitable for Culicoides. This review summarizes available data on Culicoides studied in the Russian Fed ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-306

56. Dairy and cardiovascular health: Friend or foe?

Author:
O. Markey; D. Vasilopoulou; D. I. Givens; J. A. Lovegrove
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 161-171
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
butter; milk consumption; cardiovascular diseases; fatty acid composition; humans; food matrix; inflammation; cheeses; risk factors; milk; obesity; saturated fatty acids; nutrients; ruminants; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence at a global level is predicted to increase substantially over the next decade due to the increasing ageing population and incidence of obesity. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to focus on modifiable contributors to CVD risk, including a high dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). As an important source of SFA in the UK diet, milk and dairy prod ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12086
PubMed:
25400508
PubMed Central:
PMC4207191

57. Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Berlinerblau-Analoga des Typs Ti[MB(CN)6] / Preparation and Characterization of Prussian Blue Analogs of the Type Ti[MB(CN)6]

Author:
Hidenari Inoue; Ekkehard Fluck
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 185-188
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; cobalt; cyanides; ligands; magnetism; moieties; potassium
Abstract:
... Three compounds of the type Ti[Mᴮ(CN)₆] (Mᴮ = Co, Rh, and Ir) have been synthesized and characterized by means of their X-ray diffraction powder patterns, magnetic measurements, infrared, electronic, and X-ray photoelectron spectra. All compounds crystallize in the facecentered cubic system and form a three-dimensional framework of two octahedral coordination units MᴮC₆ and TiN₆. Upon the formatio ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0211

58. Darstellung und Struktur von 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4-7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan / Synthesis and Structure of l,2,5,6-Tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane

Author:
H.-J. Wörz; H. Pritzkow; H. P. Latscha
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 139-141
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Bicyclus; benzene; chemical reactions; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... The reaction of o-phenylenebis(dichlorphosphane) (3) with Lil in benzene gives 1,2,5,6- tetraphospha-3,4-7,8-dibenzo-2,6-diiodo-bicyclo[3,3,0]octane (4a), whose structure is reported. The bicyclus is also characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0203

59. Darstellung, 11B-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren isomerenreiner Halogenohydrododecaborate XnB12H12–n2–; X = Cl, n = 1–3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1 / Preparation, nB NMR and Vibrational Spectra of Pure Isomeric Halohydrododecaborates XnB12H12-n2-; X = Cl, n = 1-3; X = Br, n = 1,2; X = I, n = 1

Author:
H.-G. Srebny; W. Preetz; H. C. Marsmann
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; bromine; cellulose; chlorine; iodine; ion exchange chromatography; isomers; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; prediction
Abstract:
... Pure isomers of XₙB₁₂H₁₂₋ₙ²⁻; X = Cl, Br, I are isolated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The structures are determined by ¹¹B and ¹¹B {¹H}NMR spectroscopy. With X = Cl, Br the signal of ipso-B atomes is shifted to lower, with X = I to higher field compared with B₁₂H₁₂²⁻. The resonances of B-atoms influenced by the antipodal effect are observed at high field, increasi ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0212

60. Defining, researching and struggling for water justice: some conceptual building blocks for research and action

Author:
Margreet Z. Zwarteveen; Rutgerd Boelens
Source:
Water international 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-158
ISSN:
1941-1707
Subject:
ecosystems; politics; social justice
Abstract:
... This article provides a framework for understanding water problems as problems of justice. Drawing on wider (environmental) justice approaches, informed by interdisciplinary ontologies that define water as simultaneously natural (material) and social, and based on an explicit acceptance of water problems as always contested, the article posits that water justice is embedded and specific to histori ...
DOI:
10.1080/02508060.2014.891168

61. Detection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Dengue Virus as a Complementary Method for Increasing the Sensitivity of Surveillance: Identification of Serotypes 1, 2, and 4 by RT-PCR in Quintana Roo, Mexico

Author:
Méndez-Galván Jorge; Sánchez-Casas Rosa M.; Gaitan-Burns Alejandro; Díaz-González Esteban E.; Ibarra-Juarez Luis A.; Garza Carlos E. Medina de la; Dominguez-Galera Marco; Mis-Ávila Pedro; Fernández-Salas Ildefonso
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 307-316
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Dengue virus; disease outbreaks; females; monitoring; population; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; serotypes; Mexico
Abstract:
... Sensitivity of monitoring Aedes aegypti (L.) populations was determined to identify the distribution of dengue virus (DENV) during epidemics in Quintana Roo. From September to November 2012, we used a motorized aspirator to collect 2,144 female Ae. aegypti from 569 homes. These were grouped into 220 to use semi-nested RT-PCR for DENV, and positive groups were analyzed individually. Five groups (2. ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0208

62. Developing science-based policy for protecting the Waterloo Moraine groundwater resource

Author:
Ray J. Blackport; Mark L. Dorfman
Source:
Canadian water resources journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 209-227
ISSN:
1918-1817
Subject:
Clean Water Act; data collection; groundwater; hydrologic models; issues and policy; land use; public water supply; risk management; technology; uncertainty; wells; Ontario
Abstract:
... The Waterloo Moraine has been used as a municipal water source for more than 100 years. Groundwater currently provides about 80% of the Region of Waterloo’s municipal water needs with much of this water originating from the Waterloo Moraine. Water supply management and land-use controls are both critical in sustaining and maintaining the groundwater resource. In order to manage the water resource ...
DOI:
10.1080/07011784.2014.914803

63. Diazadiene als Steuerliganden in der Homogenen Katalyse, VIII [1] Katalytische Trimerisierung substituierter Acetylencarbonsäureester und Isolierung eines Acetylendicarbonsäureester-Diazadien-Nickel(0)-Addukts / Diazadienes as Controlling Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis, VIII [1] Catalytic Trimerization of Substituted Acetylene Carbonic Acid Esters and Isolation of an Acetylene Dicarbonic Acid Ester Diazadiene Nickel(0) Adduct

Author:
Rainer Diercks; Heindirk tom Dieck
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 180-184
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
absorption; acetylene; carbonic acid; carboxylic acids; catalytic activity; esters; ligands; nickel; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Nickel(0) complexes of diazadienes (dad = RN = CR' - CR ' = NR) catalyse the trimerization of esters of 2-butynoic acid, phenylpropynoic acid and butynedioic acid to give hexasubstituted benzenes with the unsymmetrical esters 2 as the main products. A primary adduct 7 of acetylene dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester of the type (dad)Ni(alkyne) could be isolated and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR and UV ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0210

64. Die Kristallstruktur des elpasolith-verwandten Cyanokomplexes [N(CH3)4]2NaFe(CN)6 • H2O / The Crystal Structure of the Elpasolite-Related Cyano Complex [N(CH3)4]2NaFe(CN)6 • H2O

Author:
M. Witzei; D. Babel
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 201-206
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
X-radiation; crystal structure; ferricyanides; geometry; ions; sodium; tetramethylammonium compounds
Abstract:
... The compound [N(CH₃)₄]₂NaFe(CN)₆ • H₂O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z = 4, a - 1863.9(2), b = 861.7(1), c - 1317.2(2) pm. The X-ray single crystal structure determination (2515 reflections, R - 0.04) revealed an elpasolite-related framework of slightly deformed Fe(CN)₆³⁻ octahedra, the mean distances in which are Fe-C = 194.0 and C-N = 113.9 pm. The strongly distorted octahed ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0214

65. Die Kristallstruktur von SrSb4S7 • 6 H2O / The Crystal Structure of SrSb4S7 • 6 H2O

Author:
Gerhard Cordier; Herbert Schäfer; Christoph Schwidetzky
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 131-134
ISSN:
1865-7117
Subject:
crystal structure; ions; strontium
Abstract:
... The new compound SrSb₄S₇ · 6 H₂O crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/n with lattice constants a = 2765,4(8) pm, b = 731,5(3) pm, c - 897,2(3) pm, ß - 90,4(1)°. In the structure there are anionic (Sb₄S₇²⁻)∞-strings, which are arranged parallel in sheets and separated by the hydrated Sr²⁺ ions ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0201

66. Die Kristallstruktur von Tricarbonyl(2.6-di-tert-butyl-pyridin)chrom(0) bei 200 K / Crystal Structure of Tricarbonyl(2,6-di/tert-butyl-pyridine)chromium(0) at 200 K

Author:
Roland E. Schmidt; Werner Massa
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 213-216
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
aromatic hydrocarbons; chromium; crystal structure; ligands; moieties; pyridines
Abstract:
... Based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data the crystal structure of tricarbonyl(2,6-dwmbutyl- pyridine)chromium(0) has been determined at 200 K: space group P 2₁/n, Z = 4, lattice constants a = 680.6(5), b - 1383.3(10), c = 1763.0(16) pm, β = 96.53(8)°, refinement to Rw - 0.048 for 1672 independent reflections with FO > 2 σ. The chromium atom is η6π6- bonded to the essentially planar pyridine ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0216

67. Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Author:
Frauke Fedderwitz; Niklas Björklund; Velemir Ninkovic; Göran Nordlander
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; adults; egg production; females; forest regeneration; girdling; locomotion; males; plant response; seedlings; Europe
Abstract:
... The pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae] has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, although there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, in the present study, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruc ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12053

68. Diet of an Olympian: Food with a purpose

Author:
K. Currell
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 213-217
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
athletes; beets; calcium; carbohydrate intake; energy; ergogenic aids; hypertrophy; juices; nutrients; nutrition science; protein intake; sports nutrition; strength training
Abstract:
... Olympic medals are often decided by a fraction of a per cent. Over the last 20 years, elite athletes have taken a systematic approach to improving their performance. Performance nutrition is the systematic use of nutrition science to improve sporting performance and is increasingly being used by elite athletes. There are three areas of sporting performance where performance nutrition may be applie ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12091

69. Dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on hematology and non-specific immunity of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus raised at different stocking densities

Author:
Guilherme Silveira Telli; Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva; Danielle de Carla Dias; Fabio Rosa Sussel; Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa; Leonardo Tachibana
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 305-311
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Oreochromis niloticus; animal growth; body composition; cortisol; diet; erythrocytes; experimental design; feed intake; fish; glucose; growth performance; hematocrit; hematology; hemoglobin; lysozyme; macrophages; males; phagocytosis; probiotics; rearing; specific growth rate; stocking rate; stomach; tanks; weight gain
Abstract:
... An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, body composition, intestinal probiotic recovery, hematology, and non-specific immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised at two stocking densities. Five hundred twenty male Nile tilapias (32.63 ± 1.25 g) were distributed in 16,800-L tanks. The expe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.025

70. Dietary effect of Sargassum wightii fucoidan to enhance growth, prophenoloxidase gene expression of Penaeus monodon and immune resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Author:
Madasamy Sivagnanavelmurugan; Bergmans Jude Thaddaeus; Arunachalam Palavesam; Grasian Immanuel
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 439-449
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Penaeus monodon; Sargassum wightii; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; antibacterial properties; diet; fucoidan; gene expression; genes; growth performance; hepatopancreas; mortality; muscle tissues; pathogens; phagocytosis; prophenoloxidase; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; shrimp; superoxide dismutase; weight gain
Abstract:
... The polysaccharide fucoidan from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii was extracted and it was incorporated with pellet diets at three concentrations (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3%). The fucoidan incorporated diets were fed to shrimp Penaeus monodon for 60 days and the growth performance was assessed. The weight gain and SGR of control group was 6.83 g and 9.72%, respectively, but the weight gain and SGR of various ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.037

71. Dietary supplementation of Pediococcus pentosaceus enhances innate immunity, physiological health and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Author:
Jian-Bin Huang; Yu-Chi Wu; Shau-Chi Chi
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 196-205
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Epinephelus coioides; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Rachycentron canadum; Vibrio anguillarum; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; cytokines; dietary supplements; erythrocytes; gene expression; grouper; growth retardation; intestines; kidneys; lactic acid; lactic acid bacteria; leukocytes; metabolites; mortality; pH; pathogens; phagocytes; phagocytosis; probiotics; vibriosis
Abstract:
... Groupers (Epinephelus spp.) are economically important fish species in Southeast Asian aquaculture. Vibriosis caused by Vibro spp. is one of the severe bacterial diseases that devastate the grouper aquaculture industry. Probiotics have been reported to show the potential to enhance fish immunity and to antagonize pathogens. In our previous study, a lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus pentosaceus str ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.003

72. Dimere Naphthochinone, X* Ein neuartiger Syntheseweg zu Desapogossypolon-tetraethylether / Dimeric Naphthoquinones, X* A Convenient Synthesis of Desapogossypolone Tetraethyl Ether

Author:
Hartmut Laatsch
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 244-247
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; gossypol; naphthoquinones
Abstract:
... Desapogossypolone tetraethyl (2b), a degradation product of gossypol (1), was obtained in a simple way by oxidative coupling of 6,7-diethoxy-4-methoxy-1-naphthol (7c) and C-methylation with diazomethane ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0221

73. Dispersal and recruitment of fish in an intermittent stream network

Author:
Tim Dexter; Nick Bond; Robin Hale; Paul Reich
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
temporal variation; species dispersal; winter; landscapes; surveys; drought; spring; habitat conservation; streams; swimming; perch; Galaxiidae; surface water; population structure; habitats
Abstract:
... Animal movement is an important process connecting habitats in heterogeneous landscapes, and can play a key role in population persistence. Laboratory swim trials were conducted to determine and compare the dispersal capabilities of two native Australian fish, mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, Family Galaxiidae) and southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis, Family Nannopercidae) that maintain ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12064

74. Distinct regulation patterns of the two prophenoloxidase activating enzymes corresponding to bacteria challenge and their compensatory over expression feature in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Author:
Zhenguo Pang; Su-Kyoung Kim; Jiaping Yu; In-kwon Jang
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 158-167
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Litopenaeus vannamei; Vibrio harveyi; bacteria; enzymes; genes; hemolymph; innate immunity; melanization; messenger RNA; mortality; pathogens; prophenoloxidase; shrimp; tissues; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme 2 (PPAE2), which belongs to the second PPAE family of prawns, was isolated from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The currently identified lvPPAE2 and lvPPAE1 from our former report were taken as model candidates to analyze the relationship of the two shrimp PPAE families as well as the regulation mechanism of shrimp PPAEs. The tissue expression of lvPPAE2 was m ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.026

75. Diversity of Anopheles Species and Trophic Behavior of Putative Malaria Vectors in Two Malaria Endemic Areas of Northwestern Thailand

Author:
Tainchum Krajana; Ritthison Wanapa; Chuaycharoensuk Thipwara; Bangs Michael J.; Manguin Sylvie; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 424-436
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles aconitus; Plasmodium vivax; Wuchereria bancrofti; females; host preferences; malaria; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; sibling species; species diversity; Myanmar; Thailand
Abstract:
... We determined the species diversity, blood-feeding behavior, and host preference of Anopheles mosquitoes in two malaria endemic areas of Tak (Mae Sot District) and Mae Hong Son (Sop Moei District) Provinces, located along the Thai border with Myanmar, during a consecutive two-year period. Anopheline mosquitoes were collected using indoor and outdoor human-landing captures and outdoor cow-baited co ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-424

76. Documentation of the Chromosome Number for Zigadenus glaberrimus (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and its Significance in the Taxonomy of Tribe Melanthieae

Author:
Zomlefer Wendy B.; McKain Michael; Rentsch Jeremy
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 411-414
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Zigadenus; chromosome number; hexaploidy; plant taxonomy
Abstract:
... The monotypic genus Zigadenus occupies a critical position in the evolution of Melanthieae as sister to the clade comprising the rest of the genera in the tribe. Meiotic (n = 27) and mitotic (2n = 54) chromosome counts for Zigadenus glaberrimus documented here do not support a long-standing tentative report of 2n = 52. The likely base chromosome number of the tribe and significance of chromosome n ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680951

77. Dynamic changes in volatile emissions of breeding burying beetles

Author:
Wolf Haberer; Sandra Steiger; Josef K. Müller
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 153-164
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Nematoda; Nicrophorus vespilloides; alcohols; aldehydes; arthropods; bacteria; breeding; brood rearing; emissions; esters; females; fungi; gas chromatography; headspace analysis; ketones; males; mass spectrometry; molecular weight; parasites; phenolic compounds; surveys; terpenoids; vertebrates; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Burying beetles reproduce on small vertebrate carcasses by exhibiting elaborate biparental brood care. Partner recognition in breeding Nicrophorus species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) relies substantially on information encoded in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Until recently, it was unknown whether breeding burying beetles also produce volatile low molecular weight substances and, if so, which functi ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12059

78. Early growth and obesity risk – What should health professionals be advising?

Author:
E. Papadopoulou; S. Stanner
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 195-212
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
at-risk population; underweight; obesity; adults; breast feeding; women; human development; low birth weight; observational studies; energy balance; infant formulas; risk factors; pregnancy; children; infancy; diabetes; lifestyle; infants; weight gain; nutritional status; complementary foods; health care workers; body composition; protein content; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Obesity rates in the UK have been continuously increasing among adults and children and have been attributed to nutritional and lifestyle practices that promote a positive shift in energy balance. Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that the origins of obesity start at the earliest stages of human development and specifically pre‐conception, in utero and during early inf ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12090

79. Eating fish for two

Author:
J. J. Strain
Source:
Nutrition bulletin 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 181-186
ISSN:
1471-9827
Subject:
adverse effects; child development; education; epidemiological studies; fetal development; fish; fish consumption; issues and policy; methylmercury compounds; neurodevelopment; nutrients; polyunsaturated fatty acids; pregnancy; risk; toxicity; whales; Faroe Islands; Seychelles; United Kingdom; United States
Abstract:
... This article is based on the British Nutrition Foundation's Annual Lecture 2013, which focused on maternal fish consumption and the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on fetal development, with respect to current guidance and policy on fish consumption during pregnancy. Fish makes a valuable contribution to nutrient intakes across the globe and is the primary protein source for many individuals, part ...
DOI:
10.1111/nbu.12088
PubMed:
25132804
PubMed Central:
PMC4131443

80. Ecological Succession and Its Impact on Malaria Vectors and Their Predators in Borrow Pits in Western Ethiopia

Author:
Kiszewski Anthony E.; Teffera Zelalem; Wondafrash Melaku; Ravesi Michael; Pollack Richard J.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 414-423
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Acroceras macrum; Anopheles gambiae; Centella asiatica; Culex; Cyperus; Leersia hexandra; Notonectidae; Smithia; Trifolium; breeding; ecological succession; fauna; grasses; habitats; immatures; invertebrates; larvae; legumes; malaria; plant communities; predators; soil; surveys; watersheds; wet season; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... Soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of Africa. Borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of Western Ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to Anophel ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-414

81. Editorial: Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes

Author:
Simon Swaffield; Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 101-106
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; attitudes and opinions; funding; issues and policy; resource management
Abstract:
... The opinions expressed and arguments employed in the papers derived from the 2011 Copenhagen Workshop are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. The 2011 Copenhagen Workshop from which the special issue papers on ‘Pathways towards Local Scale Policy Integration in Agricultural Landscapes’ were developed ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.889461

82. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotics and palm fruits extracts on the antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the mucosae of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Author:
M.A. Esteban; H. Cordero; M. Martínez-Tomé; A.M. Jiménez-Monreal; A. Bakhrouf; A. Mahdhi
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 532-540
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Bacillus (bacteria); Phoenix dactylifera; Shewanella putrefaciens; Sparus aurata; antioxidant activity; catalase; dietary supplements; digestive system; experimental diets; fish farms; free radical scavengers; fruit extracts; fruits; functional foods; gene expression; genes; glutathione-disulfide reductase; ingredients; mucosa; oxidation; probiotics; protective effect; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase
Abstract:
... Antioxidant activity is particularly important, since oxidation is an unavoidable reaction in all living bodies. At present, natural antioxidants to be used on food as an alternative to synthetic ones are being sought. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens were fed for 4 weeks with diets enriched with bacterial probiotics (Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 and Bacillus sp), single or in combi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.012

83. Effect of high-pressure-processing on lipolysis and volatile compounds of Brie cheese during ripening and refrigerated storage

Author:
Javier Calzada; Ana del Olmo; Antonia Picon; Manuel Nuñez
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 232-239
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Brie cheese; acids; alcohols; aldehydes; amines; cold storage; color; consumer acceptance; esters; ethers; fatty acid composition; free fatty acids; hydrocarbons; ketones; lipolysis; manufacturing; odors; pyrazines; ripening; sulfur; volatile compounds
Abstract:
... Brie cheeses were high pressure (HP)-treated at 400 or 600 MPa, on days 14 or 21 after manufacture, to prevent over-ripening. HP-treatment reduced total free fatty acid content of 120-day-old cheese by up to 88.5%. On day 120, HP-treated cheeses had levels of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and ethers up to 3.4, 1.9, 43.8, 18.7 and 5.6 times higher, respectively, than control cheese, while keto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.007

84. Effect of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera

Author:
Abdul R. War; Hari C. Sharma
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 136-142
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Helicoverpa armigera; adverse effects; correlation; crops; genotype; induced resistance; insect control; insect growth; insect pests; jasmonic acid; larvae; midgut; peanuts; proteins; salicylic acid; secondary metabolites; trypsin
Abstract:
... Induced resistance in plants affects insect growth and development as a result of the up‐regulation of defence‐related secondary metabolites or enzyme‐binding proteins. In the present study, the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance in groundnut on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) are examined. Larval survival, larval weights and the activities of digestive enzymes ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12057

85. Effect of oxytocin on enzyme activities in bovine milk

Author:
Aneela Hameed; Raza Hussain; Tahir Zahoor; Saeed Akhtar; Muhammad Riaz; Tariq Ismail
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 229-231
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
acid phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase; carboxylic ester hydrolases; cows; enzyme activity; intramuscular injection; milk; milking; oxytocin; peroxidase
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to determine the effect of administration of oxytocin prior to milking on enzyme activities and thiocyanate concentration in bovine milk. Intramuscular administration of oxytocin (20 IU) was made to a group of cattle comprising 8 animals, whilst a second group was kept as control. Significant (p < 0.01) differences were measured in enzymatic levels of oxytocin-treat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.06.013

86. Effect of the pH of skim milk at heating on milk concentrate viscosity

Author:
Skelte G. Anema; Edwin K. Lowe; Siew Kim Lee; Henning Klostermeyer
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 336-343
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
blood serum; evaporation; heat; kappa-casein; micelles; pH; skim milk; total solids; viscosity; whey protein
Abstract:
... Concentrates from skim milk heated at pH 6.5 to 7.1 had viscosities that followed power law behaviour and could be described by consistency coefficients (K) and flow behaviour indices (n). On evaporation to 40% total solids, milk heated at pH 6.5 produced concentrates with higher K than those from unheated milk. Milk samples heated at pH 7.1 produced concentrates with lower K than those from unhea ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.010

87. Effect of water trophic level on the impact of the water hyacinth moth Niphograpta albiguttalis on Eichhornia crassipes

Author:
K Canavan; JA Coetzee; MP Hill; ID Paterson
Source:
African journal of aquatic science 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 203-208
ISSN:
1727-9364
Subject:
Eichhornia crassipes; Niphograpta albiguttalis; biological control agents; eutrophication; greenhouse experimentation; herbivores; invasive species; moths; water quality; South Africa
Abstract:
... Eutrophication contributes to the proliferation of alien invasive weed species such as water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes . Although the South American moth Niphograpta albiguttalis was released in South Africa in 1990 as a biological control agent against water hyacinth, no post-release evaluations have yet been conducted here. The impact of N. albiguttalis on water hyacinth growth was quantifie ...
DOI:
10.2989/16085914.2014.893225

88. Effectiveness of Noninvasive DNA Analysis to Reveal Isolated-Forest Use by the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 99-104
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
DNA; Martes; females; forests; genetic markers; home range; males; monitoring; urine; wintering grounds; Japan
Abstract:
... In order to assess importance of isolated forests as the wintering habitat of the sable (Martes zibellina) in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we performed DNA analyses on 59 samples noninvasively collected in field (54 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples). Consequently, 46 (41 fecal, 3 urine and 2 hair samples) of the 59 samples were recognized to have dropped from the sable. In addition, we successfully i ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.039.0205

89. Effects of Consequentiality in Binary- and Multinomial-Choice Surveys

Author:
Matthew G. Interis; Daniel R. Petrolia
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 201-216
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
issues and policy; prediction; surveys
Abstract:
... We examine the effect of respondent perceptions of consequentiality on a split-sample binary-choice/multinomial-choice stated-preference survey. We fail to observe the knife-edge results predicted in the consequentiality literature in the binary-choice data but do observe them in the multinomial-choice data. In the multinomial-choice data, only respondents who believed the survey was at least some ...

90. Effects of group size on aggregation against desiccation in woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea)

Author:
Pierre Broly; Laëtitia Devigne; Jean‐Louis Deneubourg; Cédric Devigne
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Porcellio scaber; aggregation behavior; air; group size; surface area
Abstract:
... Aggregation in terrestrial isopods, a behaviour that results in the formation of dense clusters, is readily accepted as a mechanism of resistance to desiccation. Thus, aggregation is considered to be an adaptation to terrestrial life in this fully terrestrial suborder of crustaceans. In the present study of Porcellio scaber Latreille, a cosmopolitan species, individual water loss is investigated e ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12060

91. Effects of hot-water extract of banana (Musa acuminata) fruit's peel on the antibacterial activity, and anti-hypothermal stress, immune responses and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbegii

Author:
Wutti Rattanavichai; Winton Cheng
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 326-335
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Lactococcus garvieae; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Musa acuminata; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; antibacterial properties; bananas; coagulation; disease resistance; fruit peels; hemocytes; immune response; immunostimulants; monophenol monooxygenase; pathogens; phagocytosis; physiological response; shrimp; superoxide dismutase; survival rate
Abstract:
... The hot-extracts isolated from fruit's peel of banana, Musa acuminata, was evaluated on the antibacterial activity to pathogens from aquatic animals, and immunostimulating potential, disease resistance and anti-hypothermal stress in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii through injection administration. The banana peel extract (BPE) showed good activity against 1 Gram-positive and 3 Gr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.031

92. Effects of predation risk and plant resistance on Manduca sexta caterpillar feeding behaviour and physiology

Author:
JENNIFER S. THALER; HEIDY CONTRERAS; GOGGY DAVIDOWITZ
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 210-216
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Manduca sexta; Podisus maculiventris; feeding behavior; food availability; host plants; ingestion; insect larvae; physiological response; predation; predators; resting metabolic rate; risk; tomatoes
Abstract:
... Because predation risk typically alters how prey forage for food, interactions between predation risk and food availability are commonly found. Less is known about how host plant quality and predation risk interact to affect prey behaviour and physiology. Using the caterpillar, Manduca sexta, and its predator, Podisus maculiventris, the effects of predation risk and host plant quality on caterpill ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12086

93. Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi (Hypocreales) for Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Control in the Laboratory and Field

Author:
Tamayo-Mejía F.; Tamez-Guerra P.; Guzmán-Franco A. W.; Gomez-Flores R.; Cruz-Cota L. R.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 271-283
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
biopesticides; insect pests; conidia; Capsicum annuum; Bactericera cockerelli; entomopathogenic fungi; peppers; field experimentation; pest control; Hypocreales; pepper; Triozidae; mortality; crops
Abstract:
... The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) is one of the most economically important insect pests affecting solanaceous crops. Current research on entomopathogenic fungi for control of the pest has shown potential as biological insecticides. We evaluated four Mexican entomopathogenic fungus isolates (three B. bassiana s.l. and one M. anisopliae s.l.) and one commercial isolate (GHA) for co ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0205

94. Efficient preparation of sialyloligosaccharides from bovine colostrum facilitated by an improved thin-layer chromatographic monitoring system

Author:
T. Terabayashi; S. Endo; Y. Uemura; M. Morita; K. Fukuda; T. Urashima
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 240-245
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
acetic acid; cow colostrum; fluorescence; high performance liquid chromatography; isomers; mass spectrometry; milk; monitoring; solvents; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) system is described for the investigation of bovine milk sialyloligosaccharides (SOSs). A solvent system, acetone/2-propanol/pyridine/water/acetic acid (60:60:10:30:3, by vol), was developed for the clear separation of sialyl-lactose and sialyl-lactosamine including their isomers, 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL, Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glc), 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL, Neu5Ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.006

95. Egg development of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata along latitudinal gradients

Author:
LENNIE ROTVIT; DEAN JACOBSEN
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 177-185
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Ephemeroptera; Odonata; Plecoptera; aquatic insects; eggs; latitude; seasonal variation
Abstract:
... Interest in the effect of temperature on ecophysiological processes is growing. Using published data, a meta‐analysis was carried out on the influence of temperature on duration of egg development of the aquatic insect orders Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata in relation to latitudinal compensation. The aim was to test the hypotheses on thermal adaptation and countergradient variation. The ord ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12085

96. Enhanced characterisation of milk fat globules by their size, shape and refractive index with scanning flow cytometry

Author:
Anastasiya I. Konokhova; Andrey A. Rodionov; Konstantin V. Gilev; Ilya M. Mikhaelis; Dmitry I. Strokotov; Alexander E. Moskalensky; Maxim A. Yurkin; Andrei V. Chernyshev; Valeri P. Maltsev
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-323
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
fat globules; flow cytometry; light scattering; milk; milk fat; models; refractive index; surface area
Abstract:
... We present a high-precision method for characterisation of a milk sample by the distributions over milk fat globules (MFG) size, shape, and refractive index (RI). We measured light-scattering profiles of individual MFGs and used global optimisation to retrieve their characteristics. We tested two optical models, a sphere and an oblate spheroid, and found that the latter is a more adequate model fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.006

97. Entomofaunistic Diversity in a Transgenic Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Agroecosystem in Coahuila, Mexico

Author:
Márquez-Hernández C.; Santana S.; Ávila V.; García J.L.; Preciado P.; Moreno A.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 317-326
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
cotton; agroecosystems; Lepidoptera; fauna; pitfall traps; Gossypium hirsutum; transgenic plants; Sphecidae; Cicadellidae; pests; Formicidae; toxicity; insects; adults; Curculionidae; Mexico
Abstract:
... Studies are lacking of entomofaunistic diversity studies in artificial ecosystems such as agroecosystems. It is estimated that in agroecosystems only 3% of the species behave as pests and 97% are auxiliary fauna. Transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a protein toxic against some lepidopterans; however, some studies mention that it harms other orders of insects. The purpose of this study wa ...
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0209

98. Estimating the Spatially Varying Responses of Corn Yields to Weather Variations using Geographically Weighted Panel Regression

Author:
Ruohong Cai; Danlin Yu; Michael Oppenheimer
Source:
Journal of agricultural and resource economics 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 230-252
ISSN:
1068-5502
Subject:
corn; crop yield; irrigation systems; temperature; United States
Abstract:
... Researchers have extensively studied crop yield response to weather variations, while only a limited number of studies have attempted to identify spatial heterogeneity in this relationship. We explore spatial heterogeneity in corn yield response to weather by combining geographically weighted regression and panel regression. We find that temperature tends to have negative effects on U.S. corn yiel ...

99. Evaluation of Onion Germplasm for Resistance to Iris Yellow Spot (Iris yellow spot virus) and Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci

Author:
Boateng C. O.; Schwartz H. F.; Havey M. J.; Otto K.
Source:
Southwestern entomologist 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 237-260
ISSN:
0147-1724
Subject:
germplasm; Iris yellow spot tospovirus; cultivars; insect pests; plant diseases and disorders; germplasm evaluation; Allium cepa; host plants; breeding; insect vectors; onions; disease resistance; integrated pest management; field experimentation; USDA; germplasm conservation; pest resistance; breeding lines; Thrips tabaci; Colorado
Abstract:
... Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most economically important monocot besides grasses. The crop suffers severe damage from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. In addition to causing direct feeding damage, onion thrips is the principal vector of the economically important Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus sp., family Bunyaviridae). Any attempt to manage th ...
Handle:
10113/58964
DOI:
10.3958/059.039.0218

100. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Olyset® Plus in a Village-Based Cohort Study in the Cukurova Plain, Turkey, in an Area of Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Author:
Gunay Filiz; Karakus Mehmet; Oguz Gizem; Dogan Mert; Karakaya Yasemen; Ergan Gokhan; Kaynas Sinan; Kasap Ozge Erisoz; Ozbel Yusuf; Alten Bulent
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 395-405
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Phlebotomus; parasites; cutaneous leishmaniasis; hybrids; longevity; piperonyl butoxide; cohort studies; insect surveys; Leishmania infantum; villages; field experimentation; permethrin; adults; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to measure the protective efficacy of Olyset® Plus, a new long-lasting factory-treated insecticidal net (LLIN) incorporated with 2% permethrin and 1% of the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) transmission under field conditions. A village-scale trial, promoting the use of LLIN by the local inhabitants of the study area was conducted a ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-395