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1. A New Species of Maytenus (Celastraceae) with Fleshy Fruits from Eastern Brazil, with Notes on the Delimitation of Maytenus

Author:
Groppo Milton; Simmons Mark P.; Cappa Jennifer J.; Biral Leonardo; Lombardi Julio A.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 478-484
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Maytenus; conservation status; deforestation; ecosystems; fruits; genes; geographical distribution; leaves; new species; paraphyly; phenology; plant taxonomy; rain forests; ribosomal DNA; seeds; taxonomic keys; tropics; Brazil
Abstract:
... A new species of Celastraceae, Maytenus megalocarpa, is described and illustrated. The species is known from only a small number of collections from eastern Brazil, in the Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia and Minas Gerais states. It is considered endangered given the rapid deforestation of this biome. The species is readily distinguished from its congeners by its large, tardily dehiscent fruit that do ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680726

2. A conserved zinc finger transcription factor GATA involving in the hemocyte production of scallop Chlamys farreri

Author:
Feng Yue; Zhi Zhou; Lingling Wang; Mengqiang Wang; Linsheng Song
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 125-135
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Azumapecten farreri; GATA transcription factors; RNA interference; amino acids; complementary DNA; double-stranded RNA; gel electrophoresis; genes; gills; heart; hematopoiesis; hemocytes; hepatopancreas; in vitro studies; messenger RNA; nucleotide sequences; polypeptides; scallops; zinc finger motif
Abstract:
... GATA are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence “GATA”, and involved in a myriad of cellular processes. GATA1/2/3 factors are known as the hematopoietic GATA factors, which play dominated roles in regulating hematopoiesis. In the present study, a gene encoding GATA transcription factor (designed as CfGATA) was cloned and characterized from the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.010

3. A new cryptic species of the Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western Asia: parallel speciation without ecological adaptation

Author:
CHARLES S. HENRY; STEPHEN J. BROOKS; JAMES B. JOHNSON; ATSUSHI MOCHIZUKI; PETER DUELLI
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 380-393
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Chrysoperla carnea; Chrysoperla plorabunda; ancestry; ecology; hybridization; life history; mitochondrial DNA; new species; parallel evolution; phenotype; phylogeny; sympatry; Asia
Abstract:
... Parallel (or convergent) evolution of vibrational mating songs between species confined to different continents has been found several times in the Chrysoperla carnea species‐group of cryptic (morphologically indistinguishable) green lacewings. Repeated parallel speciation resulting in taxa that differ in duetting songs but not in appearance or ecology suggests an atypical mode of speciation, one ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12061

4. A new species of Pseudotettigonia Zeuner (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with an intact stridulatory field and reexamination of the subfamily Pseudotettigoniinae

Author:
DALE E. GREENWALT; JES RUST
Source:
Systematic entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 256-263
ISSN:
0307-6970
Subject:
Tettigonia viridissima; fossils; insect morphology; insect taxonomy; new species; Montana
Abstract:
... Pseudotettigonia leona sp.n. is described from a single left forewing collected from the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana, U.S.A. P. leona is the second of only two fossil macropterous Tettigoniidae that preserve an intact stridulatory apparatus. The subfamily Pseudotettigoniinae is reexamined. The specific epithet bricei is assigned to the late Miocene fossil tettigoniid ...
DOI:
10.1111/syen.12050

5. A personal perspective on individual and group: Comparative cultural observations with a focus on Ibn Khaldun

Author:
George Katsiaficas
Source:
Journal of biosciences 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 327-332
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
Muslims; cultural differences; history; humans
Abstract:
... As the Islamic world declined in the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun wrote the Muqaddimah, a massive philosophical work in which he sought scientific grounds for a universal analysis of human beings. By seeking a global history of humanity, one that was not derived from the particular history of any one group, he was able to offer insight into the importance of group solidarity, assabiyeh. In this essay ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12038-013-9393-9
PubMed:
24736163

6. Agricultural Landscape Sustainability under Pressure: Policy Developments and Landscape Change

Author:
Jørgen Primdahl
Source:
Landscape research 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 123-140
ISSN:
1469-9710
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; environmental policy; farmers; farms; income; landscapes; planning; public policy; urbanization
Abstract:
... Agricultural landscape sustainability is affected by combinations of agricultural developments and various forms of urbanisation. This paper analyses how public policy, including spatial planning, has responded over time and affected these two drivers which intersect in various ways depending on the regional context and local conditions. Using data from recent Danish studies, the paper shows how a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01426397.2014.891726

7. Bartonella Species in Fleas from Palestinian Territories: Prevalence and Genetic Diversity

Author:
Nasereddin A.; Risheq A.; Harrus S.; Azmi K.; Ereqat S.; Baneth G.; Salant H.; Mumcuoglu K.Y.; Abdeen Z.
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 261-270
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Bartonella clarridgeiae; Bartonella elizabethae; Bartonella henselae; Bartonella koehlerae; Bartonella tribocorum; Ctenocephalides canis; Ctenocephalides felis; DNA; Procaviidae; Rattus rattus; Xenopsylla; cats; dogs; domestic animals; genes; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; loci; pathogens; phylogeny; rats; ribosomal RNA; risk; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... Bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of Bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from Palestinian territories are described. Flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern Palestinian territories (n=11). The prevalent flea species were: C ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-261

8. Biting Patterns and Host Preference of Anopheles epiroticus in Chang Island, Trat Province, Eastern Thailand

Author:
Ritthison Wanapa; Tainchum Krajana; Manguin Sylvie; Bangs Michael J.; Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 361-371
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Anopheles dirus; Anopheles epiroticus; Anopheles maculatus; Anopheles minimus; blood; coasts; dry season; females; hills; host preferences; insect vectors; malaria; species diversity; vector control; villages; Thailand
Abstract:
... A study of species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of Chang Island, Trat Province, in eastern Thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. Of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus Cellia and remaining specim ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-361

9. Borrelia crocidurae in Ornithodoros Ticks from Northwestern Morocco: A Range Extension in Relation to Climatic Change?

Author:
Souidi Yassine; Boudebouch Najma; Ezikouri Sayeh; Belghyti Driss; Trape Jean-François; Sarih M'hammed
Source:
Journal of vector ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 316-320
ISSN:
1081-1710
Subject:
Borrelia crocidurae; Ornithodoros; burrows; climate change; dry environmental conditions; fever; humans; polymerase chain reaction; rodents; sequence analysis; ticks; Morocco
Abstract:
... Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by Borrelia spirochetes transmitted to humans by Argasid soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. We investigated the presence of Ornithodoros ticks in rodent burrows in nine sites of the Gharb region of northwestern Morocco where we recently documented a high incidence of TBRF in humans. We assessed the Borrelia infection rate by nested PCR and sequencing. ...
DOI:
10.3376/i1081-1710-39-316

10. Characterization of novel galactosylated chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides

Author:
Brenna A. Black; Yalu Yan; Sandra Galle; Ying Hu; Jonathan M. Curtis; Michael G. Gänzle
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 330-335
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Lactobacillus plantarum; beta-galactosidase; enzymatic reactions; lactose; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; polymerization
Abstract:
... This study determined whether chitin-oligosaccharides and chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) are suitable acceptor carbohydrates for the LacLM-type β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus plantarum. Enzymatic reactions were carried out with lactose as galactosyl-donor and chitinbiose (N,N′-diacetyl chitobiose), chitintriose (N,N′N″-triacetyl chitotriose) or a highly deacetylated COS preparation with a degre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.001

11. Chemical aspects of host‐acceptance behaviour in the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi: host‐acceptance signals used by different morphs with the same genotype

Author:
Ki Jung Nam; Jim Hardie
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Prunus padus; Prunus virginiana; Rhopalosiphum padi; adults; artificial diets; barley; beans; genotype; grasses; growing season; host plants; leaves; morphs; nymphs; parturition; plant extracts; progeny; seedlings
Abstract:
... Host acceptance by gynoparae and winged virginoparae of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is investigated utilizing leaves and aqueous extracts of the primary and secondary hosts, as well as nonhost plants. Gynoparae are specialized to reproduce on bird cherry Prunus padus L., whereas virginoparae reproduce and feed on various grasses. Host acceptance is assessed using levels of re ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12058

12. Chymosin-induced hydrolysis of caseins: Influence of degree of phosphorylation of alpha-s1-casein and genetic variants of beta-casein

Author:
Etske Bijl; Hein van Valenberg; Sybren Sikkes; Stijn Jumelet; Guido Sala; Kees Olieman; Toon van Hooijdonk; Thom Huppertz
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 215-221
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
alphaS1-casein; amino acid composition; beta-casein; chymosin; firmness; gel strength; gels; genetic variation; hydrolysis; milk; phosphates; phosphorylation; proteolysis; sodium caseinate
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of natural variations in αS1-casein and β-casein composition of milk on chymosin-induced hydrolysis of these caseins in milk gels and in sodium caseinate solutions. At 50% casein degradation, 15% more of αS1-casein with eight phosphate groups was hydrolysed compared with αS1-casein with nine phosphate groups in chymosin-induced milk gels. F ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.005

13. Classification and phagocytosis of circulating haemocytes in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the effect of extrinsic stimulation on circulating haemocytes in vivo

Author:
Sunjian Lv; Jiehao Xu; Jing Zhao; Na Yin; Binjie Lu; Song Li; Yuyin Chen; Haisheng Xu
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 415-422
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacillus subtilis; Eriocheir sinensis; aquaculture; crabs; cytoplasmic granules; electron microscopy; granules; granulocytes; hemocytes; lipopolysaccharides; pathogens; phagocytes; phagocytosis; polystyrenes; toxicity; China
Abstract:
... Eriocheir sinensis (Henri Milne Edwards 1854) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In this investigation, we characterised the different types of haemocytes of E. sinensis using light and electron microscopy combined with cytochemical analysis and determined the in vivo phagocytic ability of different haemocyte types by injecting polystyrene beads. The haemocytes of E. sinens ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.036

14. Comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues

Author:
SWAPNA R. PURANDARE; BRIGITTE TENHUMBERG; JENNIFER A. BRISSON
Source:
Ecological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 263-266
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Coccinella septempunctata; risk; Hippodamia convergens; Acyrthosiphon pisum; predators; laboratory experimentation; predation; progeny; habitats; females
Abstract:
... Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris; Hemiptera: Aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality. Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids ...
DOI:
10.1111/een.12080
PubMed:
24791058
PubMed Central:
PMC4002047

15. Cross-modal interaction between cheese taste and aroma

Author:
Jun Niimi; Andrew I. Eddy; Amy R. Overington; Patrick Silcock; Phil J. Bremer; Conor M. Delahunty
Source:
International dairy journal 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 222-228
ISSN:
0958-6946
Subject:
Cheddar cheese; flavor; lactic acid; monosodium glutamate; odors; olfactometers; sodium chloride; taste
Abstract:
... The relative contributions of taste and aroma to the perception of cheese flavour intensity were investigated using a simultaneous gustometer olfactometer. Within a mixture of five tastes and a multicomponent aroma that had a mature Cheddar cheese character, the levels of NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), lactic acid, and aroma were varied according to a 24 full factorial design, all with appropri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.002

16. Cryptic and Overlooked: Species Delimitation in the Mycoheterotrophic Monotropsis (Ericaceae: Monotropoideae)

Author:
Rose Jeffrey P.; Freudenstein John V.
Source:
Systematic botany 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 578-593
ISSN:
0363-6445
Subject:
Ericaceae; autumn; chloroplast DNA; flowering; geographical distribution; herbs; morphometry; nuclear genome; phenology; plant taxonomy; principal component analysis; symbiosis; taxonomic revisions; Florida
Abstract:
... Most recent treatments of Monotropsis recognize a single species of achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic herbs endemic to the southeastern U. S. A. (M. odorata), although four species have been described. This study reevaluates these proposed taxa using a comprehensive approach to species delimitation analyzing variation in morphology, phenology, geography, nuclear DNA, and chloroplast DNA. Principa ...
DOI:
10.1600/036364414X680762

17. Die Kristallstruktur von Tricarbonyl(2.6-di-tert-butyl-pyridin)chrom(0) bei 200 K / Crystal Structure of Tricarbonyl(2,6-di/tert-butyl-pyridine)chromium(0) at 200 K

Author:
Roland E. Schmidt; Werner Massa
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 213-216
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
aromatic hydrocarbons; chromium; crystal structure; ligands; moieties; pyridines
Abstract:
... Based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data the crystal structure of tricarbonyl(2,6-dwmbutyl- pyridine)chromium(0) has been determined at 200 K: space group P 2₁/n, Z = 4, lattice constants a = 680.6(5), b - 1383.3(10), c = 1763.0(16) pm, β = 96.53(8)°, refinement to Rw - 0.048 for 1672 independent reflections with FO > 2 σ. The chromium atom is η6π6- bonded to the essentially planar pyridine ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0216

18. Diel behaviour and time budget of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Author:
Frauke Fedderwitz; Niklas Björklund; Velemir Ninkovic; Göran Nordlander
Source:
Physiological entomology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
0307-6962
Subject:
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; adults; egg production; females; forest regeneration; girdling; locomotion; males; plant response; seedlings; Europe
Abstract:
... The pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae] has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, although there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, in the present study, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruc ...
DOI:
10.1111/phen.12053

19. Dimere Naphthochinone, X* Ein neuartiger Syntheseweg zu Desapogossypolon-tetraethylether / Dimeric Naphthoquinones, X* A Convenient Synthesis of Desapogossypolone Tetraethyl Ether

Author:
Hartmut Laatsch
Source:
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 244-247
ISSN:
0932-0776
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; gossypol; naphthoquinones
Abstract:
... Desapogossypolone tetraethyl (2b), a degradation product of gossypol (1), was obtained in a simple way by oxidative coupling of 6,7-diethoxy-4-methoxy-1-naphthol (7c) and C-methylation with diazomethane ...
DOI:
10.1515/znb-1984-0221

20. Dispersal and recruitment of fish in an intermittent stream network

Author:
Tim Dexter; Nick Bond; Robin Hale; Paul Reich
Source:
Austral ecology 2014 v.39 no.2 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1442-9985
Subject:
temporal variation; species dispersal; winter; landscapes; surveys; drought; spring; habitat conservation; streams; swimming; perch; Galaxiidae; surface water; population structure; habitats
Abstract:
... Animal movement is an important process connecting habitats in heterogeneous landscapes, and can play a key role in population persistence. Laboratory swim trials were conducted to determine and compare the dispersal capabilities of two native Australian fish, mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus, Family Galaxiidae) and southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis, Family Nannopercidae) that maintain ...
DOI:
10.1111/aec.12064