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1. Alum and Rainfall Effects on Ionophores in Runoff from Surface-Applied Broiler Litter

Author:
Sarah A. Doydora; Dorcas Franklin; Peizhe Sun; Miguel Cabrera; Aaron Thompson; Kimberly Love-Myers; John Rema; Vaughn Calvert; Spyros G. Pavlostathis; Ching-Hua Huang
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1657-1666
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
alum; aluminum sulfate; birds; excreta; monensin; pH; pastures; poultry manure; poultry production; rain; rainfall simulation; runoff; salinomycin; surface water
Abstract:
... Polyether ionophores, monensin, and salinomycin are commonly used as antiparasitic drugs in broiler production and may be present in broiler litter (bird excreta plus bedding material). Long-term application of broiler litter to pastures may lead to ionophore contamination of surface waters. Because polyether ionophores break down at low pH, we hypothesized that decreasing litter pH with an acidic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0099

2. Attachment and Detachment Behavior of Human Adenovirus and Surrogates in Fine Granular Limestone Aquifer Material

Author:
Margaret E. Stevenson; Regina Sommer; Gerhard Lindner; Andreas H. Farnleitner; Simon Toze; Alexander K.T. Kirschner; Alfred P. Blaschke; Jatinder P.S. Sidhu
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1392-1401
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Mastadenovirus; aquifers; bacteriophages; calcite; ionic strength; laboratory experimentation; limestone; nanoparticles; pH; pathogens; porous media; soil; virulent strains; South Australia
Abstract:
... The transport of human adenovirus, nanoparticles, and PRD1 and MS2 bacteriophages was tested in fine granular limestone aquifer material taken from a borehole at a managed aquifer recharge site in Adelaide, South Australia. Comparison of transport and removal of virus surrogates with the pathogenic virus is necessary to understand the differences between the virus and surrogate. Because experiment ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0052

3. Bacterial Pathogen Indicator Transport from Livestock Mortality Biopiles

Author:
Robert Michitsch; Rob Jamieson; Robert Gordon; Glenn Stratton; Craig Lake
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1355-1365
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Enterococcaceae; Escherichia coli; Streptococcus; bacteria; environmental factors; indicator species; leaching; livestock; monitoring; mortality; pathogens; preferential flow; slaughterhouses; soil quality; soil water; soil water content; temperature; virulent strains; water flow
Abstract:
... Biopiles can be used to dispose of slaughterhouse residuals (SLRs); however, the fate of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., pathogenic strains of Eschericia coli, Streptococcus fecalis) in these systems is not well understood. The transport of these bacteria in water leaching from the biopile could represent a significant contamination source. This research examined the transport of Enterobacteriaceae and ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0034

4. Beaver Ponds: Resurgent Nitrogen Sinks for Rural Watersheds in the Northeastern United States

Author:
Julia G. Lazar; Kelly Addy; Arthur J. Gold; Peter M. Groffman; Richard A. McKinney; Dorothy Q. Kellogg
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1684-1693
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonium; denitrification; ecosystems; freshwater; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; organic soils; pollution load; ponds; stable isotopes; streams; watersheds; wetlands; New England region; Rhode Island
Abstract:
... Beaver-created ponds and dams, on the rise in the northeastern United States, reshape headwater stream networks from extensive, free-flowing reaches to complexes of ponds, wetlands, and connecting streams. We examined seasonal and annual rates of nitrate transformations in three beaver ponds in Rhode Island under enriched nitrate-nitrogen (N) conditions through the use of ¹⁵N mass balance techniqu ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0540

5. Cervical Distraction‐Stabilization Using an Intervertebral Spacer Screw and String‐of Pearl (SOP™) Plates in 16 Dogs With Disc‐Associated Wobbler Syndrome

Author:
Miguel A. Solano; Noel Fitzpatrick; Judith Bertran
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 627-641
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
ataxia (disorder); body weight; cervical spondylomyelopathy; computed tomography; dogs; histology; radiography; subsidence; surgery; vertebrae
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate a novel surgical technique using the Fitz Intervertebral Traction Screw (FITS) combined with string‐of‐pearl (SOP™) locking plates for the treatment of Disc Associated Wobbler Syndrome (DAWS). STUDY DESIGN: Case series (n = 16). METHODS: Ventral approach and fenestration of the affected disc(s), nuclear extirpation, and insertion of the FITS device to the ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12325

6. Characterizing Aquifer Heterogeneity Using Bacterial and Bacteriophage Tracers

Author:
Raymond M. Flynn; German Mallèn; Marion Engel; Ashraf Ahmed; Pierre Rossi
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1448-1458
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas putida; aquifers; bacteriophages; drinking water; filtration; fluorescence; gravel; groundwater; mass transfer; monitoring; solutes; tracer techniques; wells; Germany; Western European region
Abstract:
... Gravel aquifers act as important potable water sources in central western Europe, yet they are subject to numerous contamination pressures. Compositional and textural heterogeneity makes protection zone delineation around groundwater supplies in these units challenging; artificial tracer testing aids characterization. This paper reappraises previous tracer test results in light of new geological a ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0117

7. Coccinellidae Parasitoids in Brazil: Neglected Species in a Mega-Diverse Country

Author:
P H B Togni; L M Souza; P R Sicsú; V A Costa; D S S L Amaral; A C Franco; E R Sujii; M Venzon
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 528-532
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Coccinellidae; cerrado; ecosystems; habitats; insects; natural enemies; parasitoids; rain forests; Brazil
Abstract:
... Current knowledge on coccinellids is primarily focused on their role as natural enemies of soft-bodied insects. However, there is a great diversity of coccinellid parasitoid species that are less studied. Here, we describe new records of coccinellid parasitoids with emphasis on new host–parasitoid interactions in 11 sample sites in Brazil. We collected 122 coccinellid individuals parasitized by si ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0309-2

8. Comparison of four molecular assays for the detection of Tembusu virus

Author:
Yi Tang; Yin-Ting Yeh; Hao Chen; Chunmei Yu; Xuhui Gao; Youxiang Diao
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 379-385
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
RNA; Tembusu virus; cell culture; cloaca; ducks; eggs; genes; plasmids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Abstract:
... Tembusu virus (TMUV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus that may cause severe egg drop in ducks. In order to evaluate the most efficient TMUV detection method, the performances of a conventional RT-PCR (C-RT-PCR), a semi-nested PCR (SN-RT-PCR), a reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR), and a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) targeting the TMUV ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1061650

9. Description of the Anatomy, Surgical Technique, and Outcome of Hemipelvectomy in 4 Dogs and 5 Cats

Author:
Laura A. Barbur; Kevin D. Coleman; Chad W. Schmiedt; MaryAnn G. Radlinsky
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 613-626
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
body condition; body weight; cats; dogs; excision; hemorrhage; image analysis; injection site; mixed breeds; nerve tissue; osteosarcoma
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To provide (1) a comprehensive description of hemipelvectomy; and (2) report clinical application and outcome of hemipelvectomy in dogs and cats. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive report and retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 4) and 5 cats. METHODS: Cadaveric dissection was performed for imaging purposes using 4 mixed breed dogs euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. Medic ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12324

10. Detection of Purple Sulfur Bacteria in Purple and Non-purple Dairy Wastewaters

Author:
Robert S. Dungan; April B. Leytem
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1550-1555
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
DNA; Marichromatium; Thiocapsa roseopersicina; Thiolamprovum pedioforme; carotenoids; chemical oxygen demand; dairies; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; genes; growth factors; livestock; manure storage; microbial detection; nitrogen; odors; ponds; ribosomal RNA; salinity; sampling; solids; sulfur; wastewater
Abstract:
... The presence of purple bacteria in manure storage lagoons is often associated with reduced odors. In this study, our objectives were to determine the occurrence of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) in seven dairy wastewater lagoons and to identify possible linkages between wastewater properties and purple blooms. Community DNA was extracted from composited wastewater samples, and a conservative 16S rRN ...
Handle:
10113/61488
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0128

11. The Effect of Examiner Variability on Multiple Canine Stifle Kinematic Gait Collections in a 3‐Dimensional Model

Author:
Bryan T. Torres; Peter J. Gilbert; Lisa R. Reynolds; Yang‐Chieh Fu; Judith A. Navik; Andrew Sornborger; Steven C. Budsberg
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 581-587
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
data collection; dogs; gait; kinematics; models; stifle; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To evaluate examiner variability in a superficial skin marker model of canine stifle kinematics. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Six clinically normal dogs. METHODS: Dogs had 11 retroreflective markers fixed to the skin on the right hindlimb. Dogs were trotted 5 times through the calibrated testing space and this was repeated on 4 different testing days. Examiner A applied all mark ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12311.x

12. Efficacy of Postoperative Antimicrobial Use for Clean Orthopedic Implant Surgery in Dogs: A Prospective Randomized Study in 100 Consecutive Cases

Author:
Andrea Pratesi; Andrew P. Moores; Ciara Downes; James Grierson; Thomas W. Maddox
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 653-660
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
amoxicillin; anesthesia; anesthetics; dogs; oral administration; orthopedics; prostheses; protective effect; regression analysis; risk factors; risk reduction; stainless steel; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether administration of postoperative oral antimicrobial drugs has a beneficial effect on preventing surgical site infections (SSI) in clean orthopedic surgery involving stainless steel plating systems. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 97). METHODS: One hundred consecutive cases (97 dogs) that had clean orthopedic surgery requirin ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12326

13. Evaluation of AGRO-2014 for Predicting Hydrophobic Organic Chemical Concentrations in Ponds

Author:
Lauren E. Padilla; Michael F. Winchell; Scott H. Jackson
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1568-1578
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
algorithms; bioavailability; dynamic models; eroded soils; exposure models; hydrophobicity; pesticides; ponds; prediction; pyrethrins; sediments; slurries; sorption; surface water; suspended sediment; total suspended solids
Abstract:
... Highly hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), like pyrethroids, adsorb strongly to eroded soil and suspended sediment. Therefore, total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the water column of receiving waters is important for determining the proportion of chemical in the sediment-sorbed vs. the dissolved (bioavailable) state. However, most current regulatory exposure models, such as the Exposur ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0149

14. Evaluation of Osteogenic Potentials of Avian Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Healing of Osseous Defects in Pigeons

Author:
Reza Sanaei; Jalila Abu; Mojgan Nazari; Mohd A. B. Zuki; Zeenathul N. Allaudin
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 603-612
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
Columba livia; adults; autografting; histology; hybrids; models; pigeons; radiography
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To evaluate avian allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the healing of long bone defects as a function of geometry and time in a pigeon model. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Adult rock pigeons (n = 60). METHODS: Midshaft ulnar osseous defects were grafted with 2 geometric forms of DBM (tubular vs. chipped) and stabilized with a hybrid fixator. Autologous chips of sternal ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12292

15. Expression and Localization of Aquaporin‐1 Along the Intestine of Colostrum Suckling Buffalo Calves

Author:
A. De Luca; G. Vassalotti; A. Pelagalli; M. E. Pero; C. Squillacioti; N. Mirabella; P. Lombardi; L. Avallone
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 391-400
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Western blotting; aquaporins; buffaloes; calves; cell membranes; colostrum; immunohistochemistry; ingestion; large intestine; messenger RNA; osmoregulation; permeability; postnatal development; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; suckling
Abstract:
... Aquaporin‐1 (AQP1), a six‐transmembrane domain protein, belongs to a highly conserved group of proteins called aquaporins known to regulate permeability across cell membranes. Although the role of AQP1 has been extensively studied, its specific activity along the gastrointestinal tract in animals during early postnatal development is poorly known. This study investigates the expression of AQP1 mRN ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12157

16. Fecal Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance in Alluvial Groundwater of an Irrigated Agricultural Region with Dairies

Author:
Xunde Li; Edward R. Atwill; Elizabeth Antaki; Olin Applegate; Brian Bergamaschi; Ronald F. Bond; Jennifer Chase; Katherine M. Ransom; William Samuels; Naoko Watanabe; Thomas Harter
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1435-1447
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Campylobacter; Enterococcus; Escherichia coli O157; Salmonella; alluvial aquifer; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; concentrated animal feeding operations; dairies; groundwater; irrigation; land use; monitoring; potassium; surveys; virulent strains; water quality; wells; California
Abstract:
... Surveys of microbiological groundwater quality were conducted in a region with intensive animal agriculture in California, USA. The survey included monitoring and domestic wells in eight concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and 200 small (domestic and community supply district) supply wells across the region. Campylobacter was not detected in groundwater, whereas Escherichia coli O157:H7 ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0139

17. Fitness Cost of Methoxyfenozide and the Effects of Its Sublethal Doses on Development, Reproduction, and Survival of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Author:
A Rehan; S Freed
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 513-520
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Spodoptera litura; adults; at-risk population; diet; eggs; females; hatching; insect reproduction; instars; larvae; longevity; methoxyfenozide; population dynamics; pupal development; sex ratio; sublethal effects
Abstract:
... In the present study, two experiments were designed to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on Spodoptera litura (F.). The first experiment was conducted to explore the fitness cost of methoxyfenozide resistance in a methoxyfenozide-resistant strain (selected with methoxyfenozide for 13 consecutive generations), leading to resistance ratio to methoxyfenozide 83.0- and 23 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0306-5

18. Fluorescent and colorimetric ion probes based on conjugated oligopyrroles

Author:
Yubin Ding; Yunyu Tang; Weihong Zhu; Yongshu Xie
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1101-1112
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
color; colorimetry; fluorescence; moieties; pyrroles
Abstract:
... Metal ions and anions play important roles in many industrial and biochemical processes, and thus it is highly desired to detect them in the relevant systems. Small organic molecule based sensors for selective and sensitive detection of target ions show the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity and convenient implementation. In this area, pyrrole has incomparable advantages. It can be easily in ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00436a

19. Goblet Cells and Mucus Types in the Digestive Intestine and Respiratory Intestine in Bronze Corydoras (Callichthyidae: Teleostei)

Author:
I. L. Leknes
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 321-327
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Corydoras; absorption; air; color; digesta; glucose; goblet cells; intestines; ions; lectins; mannose; microorganisms; microvilli; mucins; mucus; oxygen; pH; proteoglycans; respiratory mucosa; sialic acids; sialidase; testing; toluidine blue
Abstract:
... The structure and histochemical properties of the intestine in bronze corydoras (Corydoras aeneus), a stomach‐containing teleost, are described, with emphasis on goblet cells and mucin types. The proximal intestine displayed a normal structure for teleosts, whereas the distal intestine was wide, translucent, thin‐walled, richly vascularized and constantly filled with air, suggesting an important r ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12140

20. How valence bond theory can help you understand your (bio)chemical reaction

Author:
Avital Shurki; Etienne Derat; Alexandre Barrozo; Shina Caroline Lynn Kamerlin
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1037-1052
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
Nobel Prize; chemical bonding; chemical reactions; computational methodology; development theory; models; quantum mechanics; solids; wills
Abstract:
... Almost a century has passed since valence bond (VB) theory was originally introduced to explain covalent bonding in the H₂ molecule within a quantum mechanical framework. The past century has seen constant improvements in this theory, with no less than two distinct Nobel prizes based on work that is essentially developments in VB theory. Additionally, ongoing advances in both methodology and compu ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00241e

21. Hydrogen bonding in ionic liquids

Author:
Patricia A. Hunt; Claire R. Ashworth; Richard P. Matthews
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1257-1288
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
cations; energy; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding
Abstract:
... Ionic liquids (IL) and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) are two diverse fields for which there is a developing recognition of significant overlap. Doubly ionic H-bonds occur when a H-bond forms between a cation and anion, and are a key feature of ILs. Doubly ionic H-bonds represent a wide area of H-bonding which has yet to be fully recognised, characterised or explored. H-bonds in ILs (both protic and ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00278d

22. Immune protection of microneme 7 (EmMIC7) against Eimeria maxima challenge in chickens

Author:
Jingwei Huang; Zhenchao Zhang; Menghui Li; Xiaokai Song; Ruofeng Yan; Lixin Xu; Xiangrui Li
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 392-400
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Eimeria maxima; antibodies; antigens; blood serum; body weight changes; chickens; coccidiostats; immunization; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-17; interleukin-2; interleukin-4; jejunum; neoplasms; oocysts; phosphates; plasmids; protective effect; recombinant vaccines; splenocytes; vaccine development
Abstract:
... In the present study, the immune protective effects of recombinant microneme protein 7 of Eimeria maxima (rEmMIC7) and a DNA vaccine encoding this antigen (pVAX1-EmMIC7) on experimental challenge were evaluated. Two-week-old chickens were randomly divided into five groups. Experimental groups of chickens were immunized with 100 μg DNA vaccine pVAX1-MIC7 or 200 μg rEmMIC7, while control groups of c ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1071780

23. Immunogenic and protective efficacy of recombinant protein GtxA-N against Gallibacterium anatis challenge in chickens

Author:
Ida J. Pedersen; Susanne E. Pors; Ragnhild J. Bager Skjerning; Søren S. Nielsen; Anders M. Bojesen
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 386-391
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
antibodies; antigens; blood serum; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; hens; immunity; immunization; recombinant proteins; vaccines
Abstract:
... Gallibacterium anatis is a major cause of reproductive tract infections in chickens. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant protein GtxA-N at protecting hens, by addressing three objectives; (i) evaluating the antibody response following immunization (ii) scoring and comparing lesions, following challenge with G. anatis , in immunized and non-immunized hens and (iii) investigat ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1069259

24. Importance of the Colmation Layer in the Transport and Removal of Cyanobacteria, Viruses, and Dissolved Organic Carbon during Natural Lake-Bank Filtration

Author:
Ronald W. Harvey; David W. Metge; Denis R. LeBlanc; Jen Underwood; George R. Aiken; Kenna Butler; Timothy D. McCobb; Jay Jasperse
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1413-1423
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Synechococcus; aquifers; coliphages; cyanophages; dissolved organic carbon; drinking water; filtration; microparticles; samplers; sediments; seepage; Massachusetts
Abstract:
... This study focused on the importance of the colmation layer in the removal of cyanobacteria, viruses, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during natural bank filtration. Injection-and-recovery studies were performed at two shallow (0.5 m deep), sandy, near-shore sites at the southern end of Ashumet Pond, a waste-impacted, kettle pond on Cape Cod, MA, that is subject to periodic blooms of cyanobacte ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0151

25. An Improved Indirect Procedure for Estimating Pesticide Volatility from Field Trials

Author:
Steven A. Cryer; Patrick L. Havens; David E. Hillger; Ian J. van Wesenbeeck
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1513-1522
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agricultural land; air; field experimentation; models; pesticide formulations; prediction; regression analysis; Indiana; Texas
Abstract:
... Conventional indirect approaches for estimating pesticide volatility from agricultural fields require an air dispersion model and near-field, temporal air concentration measurements. The model pesticide flux profile is chosen such that field observations are recovered. Ross et al. (1996) first proposed a back-calculation method (BCM) using a single iteration of the Industrial Source Complex Short ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0125

26. Increased level of protection of respiratory tract and kidney by combining different infectious bronchitis virus vaccines against challenge with nephropathogenic Brazilian genotype subcluster 4 strains

Author:
J. J. De Wit; P. Brandao; C. A. Torres; R. Koopman; L. Y. Villarreal
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 352-357
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Infectious bronchitis virus; birds; genotype; genotyping; kidneys; respiratory system; serotypes; vaccination; vaccines; value added; Brazil; Massachusetts
Abstract:
... Genotyping of seven infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated in Brazil showed that all belonged to the common Brazilian genotype and that these strains were closest to the subcluster of strain IBV/Brazil/2007/USP-19. Pathotyping of four selected Brazilian strains showed that they all caused a considerable level of ciliostasis in the trachea but at a somewhat lower level than did M41 and ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1058916

27. Influence of Pools and Riffles on Chironomidae Diversity in Headwater Streams of the Atlantic Forest

Author:
L S Silveira; B F J V Rosa; E A Gonçalves; R G Alves
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 423-429
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Chironomidae; dry season; forests; habitats; larvae; lotic systems; species diversity; streams; Brazil
Abstract:
... Studies on mesohabitat scale have been used to shed light on the ecology and distribution of chironomid larvae in small streams. Thus, the objective of the present study was to examine the diversity and distribution of the Chironomidae assemblage on the mesohabitat scale in three streams located in different preserved areas of southeastern Brazil. In each stream, litter samples were obtained in th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0305-6

28. Interactions Between Bt-Bioinsecticides and Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a Predator of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Author:
G O Magalhães; A M Vacari; C P DE Bortoli; A F Pomari; S A DE Bortoli; R A Polanczyk
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 521-527
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
life tables; biopesticides; humans; vegetable crops; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; herbivores; Plutella xylostella; healthy diet; food production; population growth; ecosystems; Podisus nigrispinus; adverse effects; larvae
Abstract:
... Bioinsecticides are being increasingly used to protect vegetable crops against herbivores, but data on the side effects of such strategy on the third trophic level are still required. We investigated the influence of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 strain and of the commercial bioinsecticide Agree® on the biological aspects of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: P ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0314-5

29. Langmuirian Blocking of Irreversible Colloid Retention: Analytical Solution, Moments, and Setback Distance

Author:
Feike J. Leij; Scott A. Bradford; Yusong Wang; Antonella Sciortino
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1473-1482
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; aquifers; equations; ionic strength; microorganisms; models; nanoparticles; pathogens; remediation; risk; sand; soil
Abstract:
... Soil and aquifer materials have a finite capacity for colloid retention. Blocking of the limited number of available retention sites further decreases the rate of retention with time and enhances risks (e.g., pathogens or colloid-associated contaminants) or benefits (e.g., remediation by microorganisms or nanoparticles) of colloid migration. Our objective was to use a straightforward procedure, ba ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0147

30. Leaching of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid through Silty Clay Soil Columns under Outdoor Conditions

Author:
Marco Napoli; Stefano Cecchi; Camillo A. Zanchi; Simone Orlandini
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1667-1673
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
glyphosate; groundwater contamination; leachates; leaching; metabolites; pesticide application; pollutants; rain; risk; silty clay soils; soil profiles; streams; vineyards; water table
Abstract:
... Glyphosate [N-(phosphono-methyl)-glycine] is the main herbicide used in the Chianti vineyards. Considering the pollution risk of the water table and that the vineyard tile drain may deliver this pollutant into nearby streams, the objective of the present study was to estimate the leaching losses of glyphosate under natural rainfall conditions in a silty clay soil in the Chianti area. The leaching ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0104

31. Mechanical Testing of a Synthetic Canine Gastrocnemius Tendon Implant

Author:
Mark A. Morton; Richard G. Whitelock; John F. Innes
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 596-602
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
adults; dogs; models; polyethylene terephthalates; prostheses; surgery; t-test; France; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To test a polyethylene terephthalate prosthesis (STIF, Chenove, France) for gastrocnemius tendon repair in dogs (cadaver model). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical study. ANIMALS: Pelvic limbs (n = 8) from 4 recently euthanatized adult dogs (weighing 30–45 kg). METHODS: Proximally the implant was sutured at the myotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius and distally secured in a 4.5 mm b ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2015.12329.x

32. Microbial Transport and Fate in the Subsurface Environment: Introduction to the Special Section

Author:
Scott A. Bradford; Jack Schijven; Thomas Harter
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1333-1337
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
animal pathogens; aquifers; caves; drinking water; groundwater; groundwater contamination; microorganisms; remediation; soil horizons
Abstract:
... Microorganisms constitute an almost exclusive form of life in the earth’s subsurface environment (not including caves), particularly at depths exceeding the soil horizon. While of broad interest to ecology and geology, scientific interest in the fate and transport of microorganisms, particularly those introduced through the anthropogenic environment, has focused on understanding the subsurface env ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.07.0375

33. Molecules with a sense of logic: a progress report

Author:
Joakim Andréasson; Uwe Pischel
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1053-1069
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
information processing; systems engineering; transistors
Abstract:
... In this tutorial review, the most recent developments in the field of molecular logic and information processing are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the report of progress in the concatenation of molecular logic devices and switches, the design of memory systems working according to the principles of sequential logic, the mimicking of transistors, and the research on photochromic platforms ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00342j

34. Morphology of the Lingual and Buccal Papillae in Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) – Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Author:
K. Goździewska‐Harłajczuk; J. Klećkowska‐Nawrot; M. Janeczek; M. Zawadzki
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 345-360
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
Vicugna pacos; adults; alpacas; deglutition; epithelium; keratin; keratinization; palps; scanning electron microscopy; throat; tongue
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was the description of the lingual and buccal papillae in adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos) by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tongue consisted of apex, body and root. Four types of lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, conical and circumvallate) in addition to two types of buccal papillae were observed. The filiform papillae, some with secondary papillae, were ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12147

35. Nucleic acid aptamers in cancer research, diagnosis and therapy

Author:
Haitao Ma; Jinping Liu; M. Monsur Ali; M. Arif Iftakher Mahmood; Louai Labanieh; Mengrou Lu; Samir M. Iqbal; Qun Zhang; Weian Zhao; Yuan Wan
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1240-1256
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
RNA; antineoplastic agents; biomarkers; cancer therapy; drug design; immunogenicity; oligonucleotides; single-stranded DNA; synthesis
Abstract:
... Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligomers, identified from a random sequence pool, with the ability to form unique and versatile tertiary structures that bind to cognate molecules with superior specificity. Their small size, excellent chemical stability and low immunogenicity enable them to rival antibodies in cancer imaging and therapy applications. Their facile chemical synthesis, versat ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00357h

36. Olefinic C–H functionalization through radical alkenylation

Author:
Shan Tang; Kun Liu; Chao Liu; Aiwen Lei
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1070-1082
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
Lewis acids; alkenes; carbon-hydrogen bond activation; oxidation
Abstract:
... Direct olefinic C–H functionalization represents the ideal way of introducing an alkenyl group into organic molecules. A well-known process is the Heck reaction, which involves alkene insertion and β-hydride elimination in the presence of a transition metal. However, the traditional Heck reaction mainly deals with the alkenylation of aryl or vinyl electrophiles. Recent developments have revealed t ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00347k

37. Outcome of Surgical and Medical Management of Cecal Impaction in 150 Horses (1991–2011)

Author:
Maia R. Aitken; Louise L. Southwood; Beth M. Ross; Michael W. Ross
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 540-546
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
death; euthanasia; horses; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short‐ and long‐term outcome after medical and surgical management of horses with cecal impaction and to determine reasons for death or euthanasia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Horses (n = 150). METHODS: Data collected from medical records (1991–2011) of horses with a diagnosis of cecal impaction, included signalment, history of recent disease/surgical p ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12286.x

38. Pathogen Decay during Managed Aquifer Recharge at Four Sites with Different Geochemical Characteristics and Recharge Water Sources

Author:
J. P. S. Sidhu; S. Toze; L. Hodgers; K. Barry; D. Page; Y. Li; P. Dillon
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1402-1412
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Cryptosporidium; Mastadenovirus; Rotavirus; anaerobic conditions; aquifers; enteropathogens; geochemistry; groundwater; hydrochemistry; microbiological quality; oocysts; pathogen survival; public health; risk; stormwater; viruses; water reuse
Abstract:
... Recycling of stormwater water and treated effluent via managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has often been hampered because of perceptions of low microbiological quality of recovered water and associated health risks. The goal of this study was to assess the removal of selected pathogens in four large-scale MAR schemes and to determine the influence of aquifer characteristics, geochemistry, and type of ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0118

39. Perioperative Mortality and Long‐Term Survival in 80 Dogs and 32 Cats Undergoing Excision of Thymic Epithelial Tumors

Author:
Mark S. Garneau; Lori Lyn Price; Stephen J. Withrow; Sarah E. Boston; Patty J. Ewing; Janet Kovak McClaran; Julius M. Liptak; John Berg
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 557-564
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
cats; death; dogs; drug therapy; excision; neoplasms; radiotherapy; risk factors; survival rate
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To examine perioperative mortality, long‐term survival, causes of death, and prognostic factors for dogs and cats undergoing surgical excision of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). STUDY DESIGN: Multi‐institutional case series. ANIMALS: Eighty dogs and 32 cats. METHODS: Follow‐up information was obtained for dogs and cats that underwent surgical excision of a TET between 2001 and 2012. RE ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12304.x

40. Pigeons are resistant to experimental infection with H7N9 avian influenza virus

Author:
Yuehuan Liu; Zhiyuan Yang; Xiuqing Wang; Jiming Chen; Jiezhang Yao; Yanjun Song; Jian Lin; Chunhua Han; Huijuan Duan; Jicheng Zhao; Jie Pan; Jia Xie
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 342-346
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Influenza A virus; antibodies; chickens; conjunctivitis; direct contact; hosts; intravenous injection; meat; necropsy; racing pigeons; viruses
Abstract:
... To determine the susceptibility of pigeons to the newly emerged avian influenza virus subtype H7N9, we experimentally infected three different types of pigeons (meat, town, and racing) with two different doses (2 × 10 ⁴ or 2 × 10 ⁵ EID ₅₀) of H7N9 avian influenza virus A/Chicken/China/2013 by either intranasal and intraocular inoculation (IN + IO) or intravenous injection (IV). In addition, the po ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1055235

41. Pin Size Selection for Normograde Intramedullary Pinning of Distal Humeral Fractures in the Dog

Author:
Anna Shipov; Erez Biton; Shachar Shati; Rotem Joseph; Joshua Milgram
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 565-570
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
blanching; cortex; dogs; forelimbs; humeral fractures; humerus; radiography; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal intramedullary (IM) pin size for open and percutaneous normograde pinning of the distal humerus. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo anatomic study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen canine cadavers. METHODS: Sixteen pairs of forelimbs were harvested from canine cadavers weighing 25–35 kg. The craniocaudal diameter of the humeral medullary canal, at the distal 80th percentile of its ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12301.x

42. Pore-Scale Study of Flow Rate on Colloid Attachment and Remobilization in a Saturated Micromodel

Author:
Qiulan Zhang; A. Raoof; S. M. Hassanizadeh
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1376-1383
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
colloids; equations; fluorescence; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; latex; microparticles; models; polydimethylsiloxane; polystyrenes; porosity; saturated conditions
Abstract:
... Colloid attachment is an important retention mechanism. It is influenced by colloid size, pore size, and flow rate, among other factors. In this work, we studied colloid attachment experimentally under various flow rates, as well as colloid release in response to a rapid change of flow rate. Colloid transport experiments under saturated conditions and with different flow rates were conducted in a ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0058

43. Prospective, Randomized Comparison of the Effect of Two Antimicrobial Regimes on Surgical Site Infection Rate in Dogs Undergoing Orthopedic Implant Surgery

Author:
Miranda J. Aiken; Thomas K. Hughes; Ralph H. Abercromby; Mark A. Holmes; Angus A. Anderson
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 661-667
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
disease control; dogs; drug therapy; drugs; orthopedics; prostheses; questionnaires; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To determine whether extending prophylactic antimicrobial administration into the postoperative period would decrease the surgical site infection (SSI) rate in clean canine orthopedic surgery associated with a metal implant. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Consecutive procedures (n = 400) on dogs that had clean orthopedic surgery using a metal im ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12327

44. Quantification of parasite shedding and horizontal transmission parameters in Histomonas meleagridis-infected turkeys determined by real-time quantitative PCR

Author:
W. J. M. Landman; C. ter Veen; H. M. J. F. van der Heijden; D. Klinkenberg
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 358-365
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Heterakis; Histomonas meleagridis; at-risk population; basic reproduction number; cloaca; detection limit; mortality; parasites; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; secondary infection; turkeys
Abstract:
... To gain more insight into the within flock transmission of Histomonas meleagridis , the shedding of parasites was quantified by a newly developed real-time quantitative (q)PCR and the basic reproduction number (R ₀) and the mean number of secondary infections per infectious bird per day in a susceptible population (β) of H. meleagridis in the absence of heterakis were assessed. Forty turkeys were ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1058483

45. Redescription of the Monotypic Neotropical Genus Crepititermes Emerson (Termitidae: Termitinae)

Author:
M M Rocha; C Cuezzo
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 457-465
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Termitidae; digital images; geographical distribution; imagos; redescriptions; tropics; Brazil
Abstract:
... Based on a reexamination of specimens of Crepititermes Emerson deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil (MZUSP), we characterize the morphology and coiling in situ of the digestive tube of workers of Crepititermes verruculosus Emerson for the first time. We provide additional notes on the imago and soldier and present digital images and illustrations for a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0307-4

46. Release and Removal of Microorganisms from Land-Deposited Animal Waste and Animal Manures: A Review of Data and Models

Author:
Ryan A. Blaustein; Yakov A. Pachepsky; Daniel R. Shelton; Robert L. Hill
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1338-1354
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
animal manures; bacterial adhesion; energy; estuaries; fate and transport models; food production; food safety; groundwater; humans; irrigation; liquids; manure spreading; microorganisms; pathogens; rain; rain intensity; recreation; rivers; salts; soil; subsurface flow; surface water; temperature; vegetation; waste composition; water quality; United States
Abstract:
... Microbial pathogens present a leading cause of impairment to rivers, bays, and estuaries in the United States, and agriculture is often viewed as the major contributor to such contamination. Microbial indicators and pathogens are released from land-applied animal manure during precipitation and irrigation events and are carried in overland and subsurface flow that can reach and contaminate surface ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0077

47. Response of Sugarcane and Sugarcane Stalk Borers Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Calcium Silicate Fertilization

Author:
A Nikpay; E Soleyman-Nejadian; S Goldasteh; H Farazmand
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 498-503
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Sesamia; abiotic stress; boring insects; calcium silicate; field experimentation; internodes; juice quality; larvae; moths; pupae; silicon; soil amendments; sugarcane juice; varieties; Iran
Abstract:
... Sugarcane is grown extensively throughout the world including more than 100,000 ha in Khuzestan province, Iran. The pink stalk borers Sesamia are key pests of sugarcane in this region, while other stalk borers will occur in sugarcane worldwide. Application of silicon as a soil amendment has provided plant mitigation to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon has been shown to enhance resistance ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0298-1

48. Retrospective Comparison of Gastrosplenic Entrapment of the Small Intestine to Other Strangulating Small Intestinal Lesions in Adult Horses

Author:
Amanda L. Bergren; Brent C. Credille; Kira L. Epstein; Steeve Giguère
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 535-539
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
Quarter Horse; adults; clinical examination; geldings; ligaments; mares; pain; prognosis; resection; small intestine; stallions
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical data of horses with entrapment of the small intestine by the gastrosplenic ligament (ESIGL) to clinical data of horses with other strangulating small intestinal lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records (January 2001–December 2011) of horses that had exploratory celiotomy for acute abdominal pain associated with strangulating small in ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12235.x

49. Selectivity of Organic Products to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Author:
J T Amaro; A F Bueno; A F Pomari-Fernandes; P M O J Neves
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 489-497
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Anticarsia; Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Trichoderma harzianum; Trichogramma pretiosum; adults; beneficial organisms; bioassays; chlorpyrifos; eggs; entomopathogens; integrated pest management; mortality; parasitism; parasitoids; progeny; viability
Abstract:
... The selectivity of various entomopathogens and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos = positive control) to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was evaluated in the laboratory, using the protocol established by the Working Group on “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms” of the IOBC. The evaluated parameters were parasitism (%), adult emergence (%), and product repellency to the pa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0317-2

50. The Size But not the Symmetry of the Wings of Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier (Apidae: Euglossini) is Affected by Human-Disturbed Landscapes in the Brazilian Cerrado Savanna

Author:
N S Pinto; D P Silva; J G Rodrigues; P De Marco Jr
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 439-447
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Eulaema; adulthood; cerrado; feeding behavior; habitat destruction; immatures; landscapes; males; mortality; pesticides; savannas; wings; Brazil
Abstract:
... Among other human-related activities, habitat loss and fragmentation are currently ranked as the most important environmental features affecting the persistence of animal and plant populations in landscapes, as well as the maintenance of ecological processes and services. Since these processes are also capable of affecting the ontogenetic development of species inhabiting those landscapes, here we ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0316-3

51. Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, and Poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Stephanie Krueger; Sevgan Subramanian; Saliou Niassy; Gerald B. Moritz
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 455-467
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Euphorbia pulcherrima; Frankliniella occidentalis; Megalurothrips sjostedti; aggregation pheromones; beans; flowers; light microscopy; males; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Sternal pores are important features for identification of male thrips, especially within the subfamily Thripinae. They vary in shape, size and distribution even between species of one genus. Their functional role is speculated to be that of sex- and/or aggregation pheromone production. Yet, sexual aggregations are not reported in Echinothrips americanus, known to have sternal pores, while we obse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.07.002

52. Subsurface Drainage Nitrate and Total Reactive Phosphorus Losses in Bioenergy-Based Prairies and Corn Systems

Author:
Aaron L. M. Daigh; Xiaobo Zhou; Matthew J. Helmers; Carl H. Pederson; Robert Horton; Meghann Jarchow; Matt Liebman
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1638-1646
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
bioenergy; corn; cover crops; crop rotation; drainage water; feedstocks; fertilizer application; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen fertilizers; prairies; reactive phosphorus; rowcrops; soil; stover; subsurface drainage; Iowa
Abstract:
... We compare subsurface-drainage NO₃–N and total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentrations and yields of select bioenergy cropping systems and their rotational phases. Cropping systems evaluated were grain-harvested corn–soybean rotations, grain- and stover-harvested continuous corn systems with and without a cover crop, and annually harvested reconstructed prairies with and without the addition of N ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0080

53. Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Gluteus Medius Muscle in Sound Dogs During Walking and Specific Physiotherapeutic Exercises

Author:
Katharina Breitfuss; Michaela Franz; Christian Peham; Barbara Bockstahler
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 588-595
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
dogs; electromyography; lameness; muscles; observational studies; surgery; walking
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To analyze the muscle activity patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus medius (GM) during walking and specific physiotherapeutic exercises in clinically sound, healthy dogs without lameness. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: Clinically sound dogs (n = 10). METHODS: Surface electromyography was performed during walking and exercises (11% incline ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12302.x

54. Tarsomere and distal tibial glands: Structure and potential roles in termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae)

Author:
Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo; Helena Xavier Soares; Ives Haifig; Lara Teixeira Laranjo
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 426-432
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Coptotermes gestroi; Heterotermes; Hymenoptera; Termitidae; exocrine glands; legs; secretion; social insects; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Social insects have numerous exocrine glands, but these organs are understudied in termites compared to hymenopterans. The tarsomere and distal tibial glands of the termites Heterotermes tenuis, Coptotermes gestroi and Silvestritermes euamignathus were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pore plates are visible in scanning micrographs on the distal tibial surfaces and on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.012

55. Testis Morphology and Dichotomic Spermatogenesis in the Sugarcane Borer Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Author:
M C Pereira; D C Santos
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 481-488
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Diatraea saccharalis; acrosome; adults; cytoplasm; larvae; pests; scanning electron microscopy; somatic cells; spermatogenesis; spermatogonia; sugarcane; testes
Abstract:
... In the present study, we describe the testis morphology and spermatogenesis of the sugarcane borer, one of the most destructive pests of sugarcane, using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopies. Diatraea saccharalis (F.) larvae have paired, kidney-shaped testes that are limited externally and divided into four follicles by tunica cells. The adults have two fused whitish and spheric ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0312-7

56. Testis Morphometry and Stages of the Seminiferous Epithelium Cycle in an Epididymal Sperm‐storing Neotropical Vespertilionid, Myotis levis (Chiroptera)

Author:
T. O. Farias; A. A. Notini; S. A. Talamoni; H. P. Godinho
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 361-369
ISSN:
0340-2096
Subject:
Leydig cells; Myotis; cell nucleus; dry season; epididymis; males; morphometry; seasonal variation; seminiferous epithelium; spermatozoa; tropics; wet season; Brazil
Abstract:
... Yellowish myotis, Myotis levis, is a seasonal, epididymal sperm‐storing Neotropical vespertilionid. In the dry season, males show simultaneous testis regression and sperm storage in cauda epididymis, enabling them to mate during this season. In this study, we investigated seasonal variations in body mass, diameter and height of seminiferous tubules and nuclei of Leydig cells in a population of sou ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12148

57. Two‐Stage Rumen Cannulation Technique in Dairy Cows

Author:
Roger Martineau; Julien G. Proulx; Cristiano Côrtes; Andre F. Brito; Todd F. Duffield
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 551-556
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
abdomen; dairy cows; fistula; heifers; mixing; peritonitis; postoperative complications; research institutions; rumen; surgery; sutures
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To describe a 2‐stage rumen cannulation technique for dairy cows. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 172 dairy cows from 2 research institutions. METHODS: The 2‐stage rumen cannulation technique first exteriorized a rumen segment within a wooden clamp, fixing the clamp to the skin with 6 mattress sutures. After 1 week, the necrotic rumen segment was removed, leaving a rumen fistula in ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12318

58. Uncovering head gland diversity in neotropical Polistinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): Comparative analysis and description of new glands

Author:
Andrea C. Penagos-Arévalo; Johan Billen; Carlos E. Sarmiento
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 415-425
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Vespidae; animals; evolution; exoskeleton; head; hypopharyngeal glands; scanning electron microscopy; social insects; tropics
Abstract:
... Exocrine glands are involved in several wasp colony activities; however, the number of known glands in the Vespidae is rather low when compared to other social insect groups. The aim of this study is to survey the head of Neotropical social wasps and to provide a detailed comparative study of the glands found in the Polistinae. A total of 33 species distributed over 13 genera were studied with ser ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.002

59. The contribution of aerobic and anaerobic respiration to intestinal colonization and virulence for Salmonella typhimurium in the chicken

Author:
Paul Andrew Barrow; Angelo Berchieri; Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto; Margaret Lovell
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 401-407
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Salmonella Typhimurium; acetate kinase; anaerobiosis; cecum; chickens; colonizing ability; intestinal microorganisms; lactate dehydrogenase; mutants; mutation; oxygen; phosphorylation; proteins; serotypes; virulence
Abstract:
... The basic mechanism whereby Salmonella serovars colonize the chicken intestine remains poorly understood. Previous studies have indicated that proton-translocating proteins utilizing oxygen as terminal electron acceptor do not appear to be of major importance in the gut of the newly hatched chicken and consequently they would be even less significant during intestinal colonization of more mature c ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1062841

60. An interommatidial exocrine gland with a “nail-headed” structure in the water strider Aquarius remigis (Hemiptera, Gerridae)

Author:
Lei-Po Jia; Ai-Ping Liang
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 407-414
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Gerridae; arthropods; compound eyes; exocrine glands; mixing; secretory granules; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The fine structure of the interommatidial exocrine glands, found in the compound eyes of the water strider Aquarius remigis, is described using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The glandular pores of the glands are specialized into minute “nail-headed” structures (NS), which are described for the first time in arthropod compound eyes. Each NS is composed of two components: a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.004

61. The nasus gland: A new gland in soldiers of Angularitermes (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)

Author:
Jan Šobotník; Thomas Bourguignon; Tiago F. Carrijo; Christian Bordereau; Alain Robert; Barbora Křížková; Joice P. Constantini; Eliana M. Cancello
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 401-406
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Blattodea; Termitidae; exocrine glands; secretion; synapomorphy
Abstract:
... Termites have developed many exocrine glands, generally dedicated to defence or communication. Although a few of these glands occur in all termite species, or represent synapomorphies of larger clades, others are morphological innovations of a single species, or a few related species. Here, we describe the nasus gland, a new gland occurring at the base of the nasus of Angularitermes soldiers. The ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.006

62. The reactivity of the active metal oxo and hydroxo intermediates and their implications in oxidations

Author:
Zhuqi Chen; Guochuan Yin
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1083-1100
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
electron transfer; enzymes; hydrogen; oxidation; oxygen
Abstract:
... While the significance of the redox metal oxo moieties has been fully acknowledged in versatile oxidation processes, active metal hydroxo moieties are gradually realized to play the key roles in certain biological oxidation events, and their reactivity has also been evidenced by related biomimic models. However, compared with the metal oxo moieties, the significance of the metal hydroxo moieties h ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00244j

63. Bacteria Transport in a Soil-Based Wastewater Treatment System under Simulated Operational and Climate Change Conditions

Author:
Ivan Morales; José A. Amador; Thomas Boving
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1459-1472
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; bacteria; climate change; climatic factors; computer software; models; rain; soil texture; temperature; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Bacteria removal efficiencies in a conventional soil-based wastewater treatment system (OWTS) have been modeled to elucidate the fate and transport of E. coli bacteria under environmental and operational conditions that might be expected under changing climatic conditions. The HYDRUS 2D/3D software was used to model the impact of changing precipitation patterns, bacteria concentrations, hydraulic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0547

64. Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Author:
Ana J. Hernández; María J. Gutiérrez-Ginés; Jesús Pastor
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1579-1588
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); belowground biomass; bioassays; cadmium; chelating agents; copper; experimental design; greenhouses; heavy metals; indigenous species; leachates; lead; phytotoxicity; plant communities; plants (botany); polluted soils; root systems; roots; sewage; sewage sludge; soil amendments; soil degradation; soil fertility; soil organic matter; soil pH; species richness; wastewater treatment; zinc
Abstract:
... Sewage sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants are often used to remediate degraded soils. However, the benefits of their use in metal-polluted soils remain unclear and need to be assessed in terms of factors besides soil fertility. This study examines the use of thermal-dried sewage sludge (TDS) as an amendment for heavy metal–polluted soil in terms of its effects on soil chemical properti ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0017

65. Biomass, Nutrient, and Trace Element Accumulation and Partitioning in Cattail (Typha latifolia L.) during Wetland Phytoremediation of Municipal Biosolids

Author:
Nicholson N. Jeke; Francis Zvomuya; Nazim Cicek; Lisette Ross; Pascal Badiou
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1541-1549
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Typha latifolia; aboveground biomass; belowground biomass; bioassays; biomass production; biosolids; cadmium; chromium; copper; harvesting; logit analysis; nutrients; phosphorus; phytoremediation; plant tissues; seedlings; wetlands; zinc
Abstract:
... Biomass and contaminant accumulation and partitioning in plants determine the harvest stage for optimum contaminant uptake during phytoremediation of municipal biosolids. This wetland microcosm bioassay characterized accumulation and partitioning of biomass, nutrients (N and P), and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in cattail (Typha latifolia L.) in a growth room. Four cattail seedlings were tr ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0064

66. Characterizing the Performance of Denitrifying Bioreactors during Simulated Subsurface Drainage Events

Author:
Natasha Bell; Richard A. C. Cooke; Todd Olsen; Mark B. David; Robert Hudson
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1647-1656
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
aquatic ecosystems; bioreactors; corn; denitrification; dissolved organic carbon; edge effects; farms; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; oxygen; phosphates; pollution load; reactive phosphorus; regression analysis; soybeans; subsurface drainage; variance; water temperature; Illinois
Abstract:
... The need to mitigate nitrate export from corn and soybean fields with subsurface (tile) drainage systems, a major environmental issue in the midwestern United States, has made the efficacy of field-edge, subsurface bioreactors an active subject of research. This study of three such bioreactors located on the University of Illinois South Farms during their first 6 mo of operation (July–Dec. 2012) f ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.04.0162

67. Combined infectious bronchitis virus Arkansas and Massachusetts serotype vaccination suppresses replication of Arkansas vaccine virus

Author:
Eunice N. Ndegwa; Samantha N. Bartlett; Haroldo Toro; Kellye S. Joiner; Vicky L. van Santen
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 408-420
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Infectious bronchitis virus; chickens; eyes; introduced species; serotypes; tears; tissues; vaccination; vaccines; viruses; Arkansas; Massachusetts
Abstract:
... Polyvalent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination is common worldwide. The possibility of vaccine interference after simultaneous combined vaccination with Arkansas (Ark) and Massachusetts (Mass)-type vaccines was evaluated in an effort to explain the high prevalence of Ark-type infectious bronchitis virus in vaccinated chickens. Chickens ocularly vaccinated with combinations of Ark and Mass show ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1077928

68. Comparative morpho-physiology of the metapleural glands of two Atta leaf-cutting ant queens nesting in clayish and organic soils

Author:
Alexsandro Santana Vieira; Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias; Flavio Roces
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 444-454
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Atta sexdens rubropilosa; antibiotics; antiseptics; evolution; fungus gardens; leaf-cutting ants; microorganisms; nesting; organic matter; organic soils; pathogens; queen insects; risk; soil depth; soil horizons
Abstract:
... Queens of leaf-cutting ants found their nests singly, each consisting of a vertical tunnel and a final horizontal chamber. Because of the claustral mode of nest founding, the queen and/or her initial fungus garden are exposed to threats imposed by several soil pathogens, and the antibiotic secretions produced by their metapleural glands are considered a main adaptation to deal with them. Nests of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.005

69. Comparison of the effectiveness of rHVT-H5, inactivated H5 and rHVT-H5 with inactivated H5 prime/boost vaccination regimes in commercial broiler chickens carrying MDAs against HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2.1 virus

Author:
Walid H. Kilany; Mohammed K. Hassan; Marwa Safwat; Sami Mohammed; Abdullah Selim; Sophie VonDobschuetz; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Juan Lubroth; Yilma Jobre
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 333-341
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
hemagglutination inhibition test; poultry production; vaccination; emulsions; chicks; broiler chickens; antibodies; viruses; seroconversion; half life; monitoring; humoral immunity; ducks; morbidity; oils; mortality; Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1; turkeys; Influenza A virus; vaccines; secondary immunization; avian influenza; Egypt
Abstract:
... Vaccination is the main tool implemented in Egypt since 2007 to control H5N1 avian influenza. The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three avian influenza vaccination regimes in commercial broiler chickens carrying high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Day-old chicks were divided into four experimental groups. Group I received only the rHVT-H5 vaccine (recombinant ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1053840

70. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Normal Orbit and Eye of the Horse

Author:
C. D'Août; J. F. Nisolle; M. Navez; R. Perrin; T. Launois; L. Brogniez; P. Clegg; F. Hontoir; J. M. Vandeweerd
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 370-377
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
adults; computed tomography; disease surveillance; eye diseases; eyelids; horses; image analysis; infectious diseases; magnetic resonance imaging; models; muscles; nerve tissue; retina; sebaceous glands; sinuses; skull
Abstract:
... Traumatic and infectious diseases of the eye and orbit can occur in horses. For diagnosis and monitoring of such diseases, medical imaging is useful including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the current study was to describe CT and MRI anatomy of the equine orbit and ocular globe. The heads from four adult horses were scanned with a 6‐slice Emotion 6 CT (S ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12149

71. Conditions that induce biofilm production by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Author:
Miguel A. De la Rosa-Ramos; Maricruz Rodríguez-Cruz; Edgar O López-Villegas; Graciela Castro-Escarpulli; Fernando M. Guerra-Infante
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 366-369
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale; biofilm; birds; carbon dioxide; environmental factors; polystyrenes; poultry industry; respiratory tract diseases; serotypes; temperature
Abstract:
... Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes respiratory disease in birds, and directly affects the poultry industry. The mechanisms behind these infections are not completely known. Currently, its capacity to form biofilms on inert surfaces has been reported; however, the conditions for biofilm development have not been described yet. The present work was aimed at ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1059923

72. Degradation of Herbicide Mesotrione in Three Soils with Differing Physicochemical Properties from China

Author:
Guixiang Quan; Chuntao Yin; Tianming Chen; Jinlong Yan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1631-1637
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
cation exchange capacity; clay fraction; environmental factors; environmental impact; half life; loess; mesotrione; microbial activity; models; organic matter; paddy soils; prediction; silty clay loam soils; soil pH; solar radiation; China
Abstract:
... The movement and fate of herbicides in soils under various environmental factors are important in evaluating their mobility and ecological impact. The effects of sterilization, solarization, and soil physicochemical properties on the degradation of herbicide mesotrione in three soils from China were evaluated using laboratory incubation method, and the degradation kinetics were also simulated usin ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0528

73. Description of Dichelacera (Dichelacera) walteri n. sp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) with a Key to Related Species in the Subgenus Dichelacera Macquart

Author:
R R Guimarães; I S Gorayeb; R Rodrigues-Guimarães; G S Seppa; R W Carvalho
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 474-480
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Tabanidae; abdomen; callus; females; insect taxonomy; legs; new species; ocelli; sclerotization; taxonomic keys; wings; Brazil
Abstract:
... Dichelacera (Dichelacera) walteri Guimarães, Gorayeb & Rodrigues-Guimarães n. sp. is described from female specimens collected in Marambaia Island, located in Mangaratiba County, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The characterization of the species was based in the following characters: a medium-sized species, more sclerotized than others in the subgenus Dichelacera Macquart, the second segment of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0311-8

74. Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on multifused ladder-type arenes for organic solar cells

Author:
Jhong-Sian Wu; Sheng-Wen Cheng; Yen-Ju Cheng; Chain-Shu Hsu
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1113-1154
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
aromatic hydrocarbons; chemical bonding; composite polymers; electricity; fullerene; heterocyclic compounds; polymerization; solar cells; solar energy; solar radiation
Abstract:
... Harvesting solar energy from sunlight to generate electricity is considered as one of the most important technologies to address the future sustainability of humans. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous interest and attention over the past two decades due to their potential advantage to be fabricated onto large area and light-weight flexible substrates by solution processing at a l ...
DOI:
10.1039/c4cs00250d

75. Effect of Alum Additions to Poultry Litter on In-House Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Emissions

Author:
Branly Eugene; Philip A. Moore; Hong Li; Dana Miles; Steven Trabue; Robert Burns; Michael Buser
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1530-1540
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
alum; aluminum sulfate; ammonia; broiler chickens; carbon dioxide; carbon nitrogen ratio; flocks; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; methane; nitrogen content; nitrous oxide; poultry housing; poultry manure; Arkansas
Abstract:
... Alum [Al₂(SO4)₃ ·14H₂O] addition to poultry litter has been shown to reduce ammonia (NH₃) concentrations in poultry houses; however, its effects on greenhouse gas (GHG; N₂O, CH₄, and CO₂) emissions is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of alum additions on (i) in-house NH₃ and GHG concentrations, (ii) NH₃ and GHG emissions, and (iii) litter chemical properties. Two ...
Handle:
10113/6664853
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.09.0404

76. Efficacy of Coral Sand for Removal of Escherichia coli and Bacteriophage under Saturated Flow Conditions

Author:
Lee Burbery; Louise Weaver; Bronwyn Humphries; Jan Gregor
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1384-1391
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; atolls; bacteriophages; corals; cost effectiveness; models; pathogens; porous media; sand; saturated flow; wastewater treatment; Kiribati
Abstract:
... Knowledge of how effectively microbes are transported through porous media is useful for water resource/wastewater management. Despite much research having been done to characterize microbial contaminant transport through various sedimentary materials, very little study has been made on coral sand, such as constitutes the primary substrate of many Pacific atolls. We conducted a set of laboratory c ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0044

77. Efficacy of Mechanical versus Non‐Mechanical Sterile Preoperative Skin Preparation With Chlorhexidine Gluconate 4% Solution

Author:
Benjamin I. Davids; Megan J. Davidson; Saundra H. TenBroeck; Patrick T. Colahan; Monika W. Oli
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 648-652
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
Thoroughbred; adults; analysis of variance; bacteria; chlorhexidine; horses; plate count; polymerase chain reaction; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of sterile preoperative skin antisepsis using either a 5‐minute mechanical preparation or 5‐minute non‐mechanical preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate 4% solution. STUDY DESIGN: Matched design, ANOVA. ANIMALS: Healthy adult Thoroughbred horses (n = 30). METHODS: Each horse had both surgical preparation methods randomly assigned to identical sites on the left ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12335

78. Exocrine glands in the legs of the social wasp Vespula vulgaris

Author:
Catherine Nijs; Johan Billen
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 433-443
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Vespula vulgaris; chemical analysis; cleaning; exocrine glands; legs; males; social insects; surveys
Abstract:
... This study brings a survey of the exocrine glands in the legs of Vespula vulgaris wasps. We studied workers, males, virgin queens as well as mated queens. A variety of 17 glands is found in the different leg segments. Among these, five glands are novel exocrine structures for social insects (trochanter-femur gland, ventrodistal tibial gland, distal tibial sac gland, ventral tibial gland, and ventr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.011

79. Fecal Contamination in the Surface Waters of a Rural- and an Urban-Source Watershed

Author:
Emma C. Stea; Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen; Rob C. Jamieson; Christopher K. Yost
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1556-1567
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Bacteroidales; Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter lari; Escherichia coli O157; Salmonella; drinking water; enteropathogens; irrigation; mitochondrial DNA; pollution; storms; surface water; temperature; turbidity; wastewater; water quality; watersheds; waterways
Abstract:
... Surface waters are commonly used as source water for drinking water and irrigation. Knowledge of sources of fecal pollution in source watersheds benefits the design of effective source water protection plans. This study analyzed the relationships between enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. [C. jejuni, C. lari and C. coli]), water quality (turbidity, ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.11.0459

80. Functional anatomy of the explosive defensive system of bombardier beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Brachininae)

Author:
Andrea Di Giulio; Maurizio Muzzi; Roberto Romani
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 468-490
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Brachinus; catalase; fluorescence; fluorescence microscopy; hydrogen peroxide; hydroquinone; mechanical stress; scanning electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... This paper provides the first comparative anatomical study of the explosive pygidial defensive system of bombardier beetles in species classified in three brachinine subtribes: Brachinus (Brachinina), Pheropsophus (Pheropsophina) and Aptinus (Aptinina). We investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of this system using optical, fluorescence, and focused ion beam (FIB/SEM) microscopy. In doing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.013

81. Histological Evaluation of Selected Organs of the Eurasian Beavers (Castor fiber) Inhabiting Poland

Author:
I. Dolka; A. Giżejewska; Z. Giżejewski; W. Kluciński; J. Kołodziejska
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 378-390
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
Castor fiber; copper; electron microscopy; formalin; glycogen; hepatocytes; kidneys; liver; lungs; melanin; molecular biology; myocardium; pulp; rodents; sampling; spleen; tail; Poland
Abstract:
... There is a general scarcity of data on the histological structure of major organs in the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). This study presents the histological characteristics of beaver organs such as the liver, spleen, cardiac muscle, lungs and kidneys. Tissue samples were collected from 21 beavers and analysed. Selected samples of tail tissue were additionally examined. Tissue samples were placed ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12150

82. Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Sampling Bags

Author:
Hung V. Le; Eric C. Sivret; Gavin Parcsi; Richard M. Stuetz
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1523-1529
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
bags; dimethyl disulfide; dimethyl sulfide; emissions; experimental design; hydrogen sulfide; methanethiol; models; odor compounds; prediction; relative humidity; storage time; sulfur; temperature; volatile organic compounds; waste management
Abstract:
... Odorous emissions from agricultural and waste management operations can cause annoyance to local populations. Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are dominant odorants that are often lost during collection using sample bags. The degree of VSC losses depends on factors such as storage time, bag materials, temperature, sample relative humidity (RH), light exposure, and the presence of volatile organic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0532

83. Implementing Effects-Based Water Quality Criteria for Eutrophication in Beaver Lake, Arkansas: Linking Standard Development and Assessment Methodology

Author:
J. Thad Scott; Brian E. Haggard
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1503-1512
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
biomass; chlorophyll; dams (hydrology); data collection; eutrophication; growing season; hydrology; lakes; limnology; models; nutrients; phytoplankton; risk; seston; temporal variation; total phosphorus; turbidity; water quality; water quality criteria; water quality standards; Arkansas
Abstract:
... To address water quality standards needed to prevent accelerated eutrophication, many states in the United States have developed effects-based standards related to nutrients. In many cases, this has resulted in specific standards for Secchi transparency (ST) and phytoplankton biomass measured as sestonic chlorophyll a (chl-a). The state of Arkansas recently adopted its first effects-based water qu ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0020

84. Improvement in Bilateral Carpal Valgus Deviation in 9 Foals After Unilateral Distolateral Radial Periosteal Transection and Elevation

Author:
William True Baker; Donnie E. Slone; Jose A. Ramos; Elizabeth M. Santschi; Linda K. Lord; Stephen B. Adams; Timothy M. Lynch; Faith E. Hughes
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 547-550
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
exercise; foals; pastures; radiography; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of periosteal transection and elevation in foals with naturally occurring carpal valgus deviation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Foals (n = 9) with bilateral carpal valgus. METHODS: Foals with bilateral carpal valgus had distolateral radial periosteal transection and elevation (PE) including distal ulnar transection on 1 limb. Foals were stal ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12322

85. The Inferior Alveolar Nerve of the Horse: Course and Anatomical Relationship with Mandibular Cheek Teeth

Author:
I. Iacopetti; M. Faughnan; S. Bono; B. Cozzi; C. Facchini
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 333-337
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
computed tomography; horses; nerve tissue; postoperative complications; roots; surgery; teeth
Abstract:
... The precise location of neurovascular structures within the relatively long mandibular canal of the horse is of paramount importance in surgical procedures of the area. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) enters the mandibular canal on the medial (lingual) surface of the mandible and innervates all the mandibular teeth. During its course, the nerve moves laterally, crossing the roots of the inferior ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12144

86. Ischiectomy With Limb Preservation for a Dog With Ischial Chondrosarcoma: Case Report and Surgical Technique

Author:
Michelle L. Oblak; Sarah E. Boston
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 571-575
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
case studies; dog breeds; dogs; females; lameness; metastasis; mixed breeds; neoplasms; radiography; spaying
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical technique for ischiectomy in the dog and to report the procedure in a case. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: An 11‐year‐old spayed female mixed breed dog with chondrosarcoma of the ischium. METHODS: The dog presented for hindlimb lameness and evaluation after a radiographic finding of a lytic lesion confined to the left ischium. Following staging and confirmat ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12296.x

87. Lateral caudal axial pattern flap in 13 dogs

Author:
Vincenzo Montinaro; Federico Massari; Luca Vezzoni; Julius M. Liptak; Rod C. Straw; Larie Allen; Ryan P. Cavanaugh; John Berg; Ronan S. Doyle; Paolo Buracco; Giorgio Romanelli
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 642-647
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
dehiscence; dogs; excision; necrosis; neoplasms; tail
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and extent of complications associated with lateral caudal axial pattern flaps used to cover large traumatic or excision skin defects on the dorsum, gluteal, and perineal region in 13 dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Thirteen client‐owned dogs. METHODS: Medical records from 8 institutions were reviewed for dogs treated with a lateral caudal axial patte ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12305.x

88. Long-Term Impacts of Bacteria–Sediment Interactions in Watershed-Scale Microbial Fate and Transport Modeling

Author:
Hehuan Liao; Leigh-Anne H. Krometis; Karen Kline; W. C. Hession
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1483-1490
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Clean Water Act; bacteria; compliance; fate and transport models; indicator species; land evaluation; model validation; observational studies; particulates; prediction; sediments; stream channels; total maximum daily load; uncertainty; water quality; watersheds; United States
Abstract:
... Elevated levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) remain the leading cause of surface water-quality impairments in the United States. Under the Clean Water Act, basin-specific total maximum daily load (TMDL) restoration plans are responsible for bringing identified water impairments in compliance with applicable standards. Watershed-scale model predictions of FIB concentrations that facilitate the ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0169

89. Long-Term Observations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Export in Paired-Agricultural Watersheds under Controlled and Conventional Tile Drainage

Author:
M. D. Sunohara; N. Gottschall; G. Wilkes; E. Craiovan; E. Topp; Z. Que; O. Seidou; S.K. Frey; D. R. Lapen
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1589-1604
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agricultural watersheds; ammonium nitrogen; analysis of covariance; growing season; monitoring; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen; phosphorus; regression analysis; streams; tile drainage; total phosphorus; Ontario
Abstract:
... Controlled tile drainage (CTD) regulates water and nutrient export from tile drainage systems. Observations of the effects of CTD imposed en masse at watershed scales are needed to determine the effect on downstream receptors. A paired-watershed approach was used to evaluate the effect of field-to-field CTD at the watershed scale on fluxes and flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) of N and P d ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0008

90. Marek's disease virus associated ocular lymphoma in Roulroul partridges (Rollulus rouloul)

Author:
Roel Haesendonck; An Garmyn; Gerry M. Dorrestein; Tom Hellebuyck; Gunther Antonissen; Frank Pasmans; Richard Ducatelle; An Martel
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 347-351
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
partridges; lymphoma; opacity; T-lymphocytes; antibiotics; anorexia; immunohistochemistry; males; polymerase chain reaction; cornea; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2; necropsy; clinical examination; Marek disease; ingestion; females
Abstract:
... Two 1-year old Roulroul partridges (Rollulus rouloul), one male and one female, were presented because of eye problems and anorexia. Twenty of the 30 Roulroul partridges in the owner's collection had already died. The affected birds stopped eating, became thinner, and eventually died. Antibiotic treatment, which started because of the suspicion of a septicaemic process, was unsuccessful. At clinic ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1056088

91. A Methodological Approach for Spatiotemporally Analyzing Water-Polluting Effluents in Agricultural Landscapes Using Partial Triadic Analysis

Author:
J. J. Jiménez; N. Darwiche-Criado; R. Sorando; F. A. Comín; J. M. Sánchez-Pérez
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1617-1630
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agricultural land; ammonium nitrogen; chlorides; decision making; effluents; electrical conductivity; environmental impact; hydrochemistry; ions; irrigation; land use; landscapes; multivariate analysis; nitrate nitrogen; nitrite nitrogen; physicochemical properties; pollution; rivers; runoff; sodium; temporal variation; total dissolved nitrogen; urban areas; water quality; watershed management; watersheds; Spain
Abstract:
... Multivariate techniques for two-dimensional data matrices are normally used in water quality studies. However, if the temporal dimension is included in the analysis, other statistical techniques are recommended. In this study, partial triadic analysis was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability in water quality variables sampled in a northeastern Spain river basin. The results hig ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.09.0377

92. Morphology, Morphometry and Spatial Distribution of Secondary Osteons in Equine Femur

Author:
M. Zedda; G. Lepore; G. P. Biggio; S. Gadau; E. Mura; V. Farina
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 328-332
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
biomechanics; femur; horses; morphometry; population density; quantitative analysis; strains
Abstract:
... A high number of differences exist in bone histological features depending on the species, breed, age and bone. Moreover, osteon distribution may vary in the different sides of a bone as a consequence of different biomechanical strains. The aim of this work was to study the distribution and morphology of osteons in different sides of the equine femoral diaphysis with the attempt to correlate them ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12141

93. Mouse Incisor Stem Cell Niche and Myb Transcription Factors

Author:
E. Svandova; B. Vesela; J. Smarda; A. Hampl; R. J. Radlanski; E. Matalova
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 338-344
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
transcription factors; phenotype; immunohistochemistry; mice; stem cells; epithelium; enamel
Abstract:
... Dental hard tissues are formed particularly by odontoblasts (dentin) and ameloblasts (enamel). Whereas the reparation of dentin is often observed, enamel does not regenerate in most species. However, in mouse incisor, a population of somatic stem cells in the cervical loop is responsible for the incisor regeneration. Understanding of the specificities of these cells is therefore of an interest in ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12145

94. Oviposition Site Selection Structures Niche Partitioning Among Coccinellid Species in a Tropical Ecosystem

Author:
P R Sicsú; R H Macedo; E R Sujii
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 430-438
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Cycloneda; Eriopis connexa; Harmonia axyridis; Hippodamia convergens; adults; biological control; community structure; competitive exclusion; correspondence analysis; ecosystems; eggs; females; habitat preferences; larvae; natural enemies; niches; oviposition sites; Brazil
Abstract:
... The competitive exclusion hypothesis suggests that coexisting related species using similar resources in nature should partition their realized niches. This hypothesis has direct implications for conservation strategies using biological control, taking into consideration the shifts caused by the introduction of natural enemies in a local community. Such introductions typically lead to disruptions ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0313-6

95. Population Dynamic of Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a Psyllid Pest of Eucalypts

Author:
L Soufo; J L Tamesse
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 504-512
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
parasitoids; buds; insect pests; Psyllidae; Eucalyptus; relative humidity; seedlings; host plants; males; surveys; predators; rain; integrated pest management; population dynamics; climatic factors; females; Cameroon
Abstract:
... Eucalypts host a variety of insect pests among which the psyllid Blastopsylla occcidentalis Taylor is responsible for the degeneration of eucalypt seedlings. This psyllid is present in Cameroon, but no record has been published on the study of its population dynamics and the main factors that regulate its population. Our study aimed to describe the numerical variation of psyllid population and to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0304-7

96. Prevalence of and Relationship between Two Human-Associated DNA Biomarkers for Bacteroidales in an Urban Watershed

Author:
Tricia Coakley; Gail M. Brion; Alan E. Fryar
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1694-1698
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Bacteroidales; DNA; bacteria; biomarkers; data collection; humans; pollution; pollution control; probability; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; sewage; streams; variance; watersheds
Abstract:
... Human-associated fecal biomarkers offer potent tools for the detection and control of human fecal pollution in watersheds. In some cases, the probability of false-negative findings may call for using a less specific biomarker that is present in higher quantities as long as it can be related to the more specific indicator. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between two p ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.11.0494

97. Selecting Color-based Tracers and Classifying Sediment Sources in the Assessment of Sediment Dynamics Using Sediment Source Fingerprinting

Author:
Louise R.M. Barthod; Kui Liu; David A. Lobb; Philip N. Owens; Núria Martínez-Carreras; Alexander J. Koiter; Ellen L. Petticrew; Gregory K. McCullough; Cenwei Liu; Leticia Gaspar
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1605-1616
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
color; cost effectiveness; discriminant analysis; models; monitoring; reflectance spectroscopy; riparian areas; sediments; shale; stable isotopes; streams; suspended sediment; topsoil; tracer techniques; watersheds; Manitoba
Abstract:
... The use of sediment color as a fingerprint property to determine sediment sources is an emerging technique that can provide a rapid and inexpensive means of investigating sediment sources. The present study aims to test the feasibility of color fingerprint properties to apportion sediment sources within the South Tobacco Creek Watershed (74 km²) in Manitoba, Canada. Suspended sediment from 2009 to ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0043

98. Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Myositis Ossificans of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Muscle in a Dog

Author:
Bridget A. Morton; Bianca F. Hettlich; Roy R. Pool
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 576-580
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
Irish Setter; computed tomography; cortex; dogs; females; histopathology; image analysis; lameness; muscles; myositis; radiography; regrowth; surgery
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVES: To report clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, and outcome in a dog with traumatic myositis ossificans of the origin of the extensor carpi radialis muscle. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMALS: An 8‐month‐old intact female Irish Setter Dog. METHODS: After radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of an osseous proliferation arising from the cranial cortex of the right ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12297.x

99. Swimming Motility Reduces Azotobacter vinelandii Deposition to Silica Surfaces

Author:
Nanxi Lu; Arash Massoudieh; Xiaomeng Liang; Dehong Hu; Tamir Kamai; Timothy R. Ginn; Julie L. Zilles; Thanh H. Nguyen
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1366-1375
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Azotobacter vinelandii; bacteria; bacterial motility; collectors; hydrodynamics; models; porous media; silica; statistical analysis; swimming
Abstract:
... The transport and fate of bacteria in porous media is influenced by physicochemical and biological properties. This study investigated the effect of swimming motility on the attachment of Azotobacter vinelandii cells to silica surfaces through comprehensive analysis of cell deposition in model porous media. Distinct motilities were quantified for different strains using global and cluster-based st ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.03.0141

100. Temporal Variation in Immune Components of the White Grub Phyllophaga polyphylla (Bates) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)

Author:
J N Enríquez-Vara; J Contreras-Garduño; A W Guzmán-Franco; A Córdoba-Aguilar; R Alatorre-Rosas; H González-Hernández
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 466-473
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Metarhizium; Phyllophaga; blastospores; blood proteins; fungi; hemolymph; immunology; larvae; monophenol monooxygenase; pathogens; prophenoloxidase; survival rate; temporal variation; toxicity
Abstract:
... Ecological immunology assumes that the host immune efficiency is correlated with its survival after pathogen challenge. To test this hypothesis, we challenged Phyllophaga polyphylla (Bates) larvae with the naturally occurring fungus Metarhizium pingshaense on two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). In each year, we injected the blastospores of M. pingshaense and then used levels of prophenoloxidase ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0308-3