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1. Alum and Rainfall Effects on Ionophores in Runoff from Surface-Applied Broiler Litter

Author:
Sarah A. Doydora; Dorcas Franklin; Peizhe Sun; Miguel Cabrera; Aaron Thompson; Kimberly Love-Myers; John Rema; Vaughn Calvert; Spyros G. Pavlostathis; Ching-Hua Huang
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1657-1666
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
alum; aluminum sulfate; birds; excreta; monensin; pH; pastures; poultry manure; poultry production; rain; rainfall simulation; runoff; salinomycin; surface water
Abstract:
... Polyether ionophores, monensin, and salinomycin are commonly used as antiparasitic drugs in broiler production and may be present in broiler litter (bird excreta plus bedding material). Long-term application of broiler litter to pastures may lead to ionophore contamination of surface waters. Because polyether ionophores break down at low pH, we hypothesized that decreasing litter pH with an acidic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0099

2. Amazon dams and waterways: Brazil’s Tapajós Basin plans

Author:
Philip M. Fearnside
Source:
Ambio 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 426-439
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
barges; basins; dams (hydrology); laws and regulations; rivers; soybeans; waterways; Amazon River; Brazil
Abstract:
... Brazil plans to build 43 “large” dams (>30 MW) in the Tapajós Basin, ten of which are priorities for completion by 2022. Impacts include flooding indigenous lands and conservation units. The Tapajós River and two tributaries (the Juruena and Teles Pires Rivers) are also the focus of plans for waterways to transport soybeans from Mato Grosso to ports on the Amazon River. Dams would allow barges to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-015-0642-z
PubMed:
25794814
PubMed Central:
PMC4510327

3. Amazonian freshwater habitats experiencing environmental and socioeconomic threats affecting subsistence fisheries

Author:
Cleber J. R. Alho; Roberto E. Reis; Pedro P. U. Aquino
Source:
Ambio 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 412-425
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
aquatic organisms; biodiversity; cattle; dams (hydrology); deforestation; fishery resources; forests; freshwater; freshwater ecosystems; habitats; human communities; infrastructure; logging; mining; overfishing; pastures; rain; risk; rivers; Amazon River
Abstract:
... Matching the trend seen among the major large rivers of the globe, the Amazon River and its tributaries are facing aquatic ecosystem disruption that is affecting freshwater habitats and their associated biodiversity, including trends for decline in fishery resources. The Amazon’s aquatic ecosystems, linked natural resources, and human communities that depend on them are increasingly at risk from a ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-014-0610-z
PubMed:
25572836
PubMed Central:
PMC4510326

4. Attachment and Detachment Behavior of Human Adenovirus and Surrogates in Fine Granular Limestone Aquifer Material

Author:
Margaret E. Stevenson; Regina Sommer; Gerhard Lindner; Andreas H. Farnleitner; Simon Toze; Alexander K.T. Kirschner; Alfred P. Blaschke; Jatinder P.S. Sidhu
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1392-1401
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Mastadenovirus; aquifers; bacteriophages; calcite; ionic strength; laboratory experimentation; limestone; nanoparticles; pH; pathogens; porous media; soil; virulent strains; South Australia
Abstract:
... The transport of human adenovirus, nanoparticles, and PRD1 and MS2 bacteriophages was tested in fine granular limestone aquifer material taken from a borehole at a managed aquifer recharge site in Adelaide, South Australia. Comparison of transport and removal of virus surrogates with the pathogenic virus is necessary to understand the differences between the virus and surrogate. Because experiment ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0052

5. Bacteria Transport in a Soil-Based Wastewater Treatment System under Simulated Operational and Climate Change Conditions

Author:
Ivan Morales; José A. Amador; Thomas Boving
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1459-1472
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; bacteria; climate change; climatic factors; computer software; models; rain; soil texture; temperature; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Bacteria removal efficiencies in a conventional soil-based wastewater treatment system (OWTS) have been modeled to elucidate the fate and transport of E. coli bacteria under environmental and operational conditions that might be expected under changing climatic conditions. The HYDRUS 2D/3D software was used to model the impact of changing precipitation patterns, bacteria concentrations, hydraulic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0547

6. Bacterial Pathogen Indicator Transport from Livestock Mortality Biopiles

Author:
Robert Michitsch; Rob Jamieson; Robert Gordon; Glenn Stratton; Craig Lake
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1355-1365
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Enterococcaceae; Escherichia coli; Streptococcus; bacteria; environmental factors; indicator species; leaching; livestock; monitoring; mortality; pathogens; preferential flow; slaughterhouses; soil quality; soil water; soil water content; temperature; virulent strains; water flow
Abstract:
... Biopiles can be used to dispose of slaughterhouse residuals (SLRs); however, the fate of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., pathogenic strains of Eschericia coli, Streptococcus fecalis) in these systems is not well understood. The transport of these bacteria in water leaching from the biopile could represent a significant contamination source. This research examined the transport of Enterobacteriaceae and ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0034

7. Beaver Ponds: Resurgent Nitrogen Sinks for Rural Watersheds in the Northeastern United States

Author:
Julia G. Lazar; Kelly Addy; Arthur J. Gold; Peter M. Groffman; Richard A. McKinney; Dorothy Q. Kellogg
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1684-1693
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonium; denitrification; ecosystems; freshwater; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; organic soils; pollution load; ponds; stable isotopes; streams; watersheds; wetlands; New England region; Rhode Island
Abstract:
... Beaver-created ponds and dams, on the rise in the northeastern United States, reshape headwater stream networks from extensive, free-flowing reaches to complexes of ponds, wetlands, and connecting streams. We examined seasonal and annual rates of nitrate transformations in three beaver ponds in Rhode Island under enriched nitrate-nitrogen (N) conditions through the use of ¹⁵N mass balance techniqu ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0540

8. Benefits of the Use of Sewage Sludge over EDTA to Remediate Soils Polluted with Heavy Metals

Author:
Ana J. Hernández; María J. Gutiérrez-Ginés; Jesús Pastor
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1579-1588
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
EDTA (chelating agent); belowground biomass; bioassays; cadmium; chelating agents; copper; experimental design; greenhouses; heavy metals; indigenous species; leachates; lead; phytotoxicity; plant communities; plants (botany); polluted soils; root systems; roots; sewage; sewage sludge; soil amendments; soil degradation; soil fertility; soil organic matter; soil pH; species richness; wastewater treatment; zinc
Abstract:
... Sewage sludges from urban wastewater treatment plants are often used to remediate degraded soils. However, the benefits of their use in metal-polluted soils remain unclear and need to be assessed in terms of factors besides soil fertility. This study examines the use of thermal-dried sewage sludge (TDS) as an amendment for heavy metal–polluted soil in terms of its effects on soil chemical properti ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.01.0017

9. Biomass, Nutrient, and Trace Element Accumulation and Partitioning in Cattail (Typha latifolia L.) during Wetland Phytoremediation of Municipal Biosolids

Author:
Nicholson N. Jeke; Francis Zvomuya; Nazim Cicek; Lisette Ross; Pascal Badiou
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1541-1549
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Typha latifolia; aboveground biomass; belowground biomass; bioassays; biomass production; biosolids; cadmium; chromium; copper; harvesting; logit analysis; nutrients; phosphorus; phytoremediation; plant tissues; seedlings; wetlands; zinc
Abstract:
... Biomass and contaminant accumulation and partitioning in plants determine the harvest stage for optimum contaminant uptake during phytoremediation of municipal biosolids. This wetland microcosm bioassay characterized accumulation and partitioning of biomass, nutrients (N and P), and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd) in cattail (Typha latifolia L.) in a growth room. Four cattail seedlings were tr ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0064

10. Cervical Distraction‐Stabilization Using an Intervertebral Spacer Screw and String‐of Pearl (SOP™) Plates in 16 Dogs With Disc‐Associated Wobbler Syndrome

Author:
Miguel A. Solano; Noel Fitzpatrick; Judith Bertran
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 627-641
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
ataxia (disorder); body weight; cervical spondylomyelopathy; computed tomography; dogs; histology; radiography; subsidence; surgery; vertebrae
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate a novel surgical technique using the Fitz Intervertebral Traction Screw (FITS) combined with string‐of‐pearl (SOP™) locking plates for the treatment of Disc Associated Wobbler Syndrome (DAWS). STUDY DESIGN: Case series (n = 16). METHODS: Ventral approach and fenestration of the affected disc(s), nuclear extirpation, and insertion of the FITS device to the ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.12325

11. Characterizing Aquifer Heterogeneity Using Bacterial and Bacteriophage Tracers

Author:
Raymond M. Flynn; German Mallèn; Marion Engel; Ashraf Ahmed; Pierre Rossi
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1448-1458
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas putida; aquifers; bacteriophages; drinking water; filtration; fluorescence; gravel; groundwater; mass transfer; monitoring; solutes; tracer techniques; wells; Germany; Western European region
Abstract:
... Gravel aquifers act as important potable water sources in central western Europe, yet they are subject to numerous contamination pressures. Compositional and textural heterogeneity makes protection zone delineation around groundwater supplies in these units challenging; artificial tracer testing aids characterization. This paper reappraises previous tracer test results in light of new geological a ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2015.02.0117

12. Characterizing the Performance of Denitrifying Bioreactors during Simulated Subsurface Drainage Events

Author:
Natasha Bell; Richard A. C. Cooke; Todd Olsen; Mark B. David; Robert Hudson
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1647-1656
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
aquatic ecosystems; bioreactors; corn; denitrification; dissolved organic carbon; edge effects; farms; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; oxygen; phosphates; pollution load; reactive phosphorus; regression analysis; soybeans; subsurface drainage; variance; water temperature; Illinois
Abstract:
... The need to mitigate nitrate export from corn and soybean fields with subsurface (tile) drainage systems, a major environmental issue in the midwestern United States, has made the efficacy of field-edge, subsurface bioreactors an active subject of research. This study of three such bioreactors located on the University of Illinois South Farms during their first 6 mo of operation (July–Dec. 2012) f ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.04.0162

13. Coccinellidae Parasitoids in Brazil: Neglected Species in a Mega-Diverse Country

Author:
P H B Togni; L M Souza; P R Sicsú; V A Costa; D S S L Amaral; A C Franco; E R Sujii; M Venzon
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 528-532
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Coccinellidae; cerrado; ecosystems; habitats; insects; natural enemies; parasitoids; rain forests; Brazil
Abstract:
... Current knowledge on coccinellids is primarily focused on their role as natural enemies of soft-bodied insects. However, there is a great diversity of coccinellid parasitoid species that are less studied. Here, we describe new records of coccinellid parasitoids with emphasis on new host–parasitoid interactions in 11 sample sites in Brazil. We collected 122 coccinellid individuals parasitized by si ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-015-0309-2

14. Combined infectious bronchitis virus Arkansas and Massachusetts serotype vaccination suppresses replication of Arkansas vaccine virus

Author:
Eunice N. Ndegwa; Samantha N. Bartlett; Haroldo Toro; Kellye S. Joiner; Vicky L. van Santen
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 408-420
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Infectious bronchitis virus; chickens; eyes; introduced species; serotypes; tears; tissues; vaccination; vaccines; viruses; Arkansas; Massachusetts
Abstract:
... Polyvalent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination is common worldwide. The possibility of vaccine interference after simultaneous combined vaccination with Arkansas (Ark) and Massachusetts (Mass)-type vaccines was evaluated in an effort to explain the high prevalence of Ark-type infectious bronchitis virus in vaccinated chickens. Chickens ocularly vaccinated with combinations of Ark and Mass show ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1077928

15. Comparative morpho-physiology of the metapleural glands of two Atta leaf-cutting ant queens nesting in clayish and organic soils

Author:
Alexsandro Santana Vieira; Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias; Flavio Roces
Source:
Arthropod structure & development 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 444-454
ISSN:
1467-8039
Subject:
Atta sexdens rubropilosa; antibiotics; antiseptics; evolution; fungus gardens; leaf-cutting ants; microorganisms; nesting; organic matter; organic soils; pathogens; queen insects; risk; soil depth; soil horizons
Abstract:
... Queens of leaf-cutting ants found their nests singly, each consisting of a vertical tunnel and a final horizontal chamber. Because of the claustral mode of nest founding, the queen and/or her initial fungus garden are exposed to threats imposed by several soil pathogens, and the antibiotic secretions produced by their metapleural glands are considered a main adaptation to deal with them. Nests of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.asd.2015.06.005

16. Comparison of four molecular assays for the detection of Tembusu virus

Author:
Yi Tang; Yin-Ting Yeh; Hao Chen; Chunmei Yu; Xuhui Gao; Youxiang Diao
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 379-385
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
RNA; Tembusu virus; cell culture; cloaca; ducks; eggs; genes; plasmids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Abstract:
... Tembusu virus (TMUV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus that may cause severe egg drop in ducks. In order to evaluate the most efficient TMUV detection method, the performances of a conventional RT-PCR (C-RT-PCR), a semi-nested PCR (SN-RT-PCR), a reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR), and a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) targeting the TMUV ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1061650

17. Comparison of the effectiveness of rHVT-H5, inactivated H5 and rHVT-H5 with inactivated H5 prime/boost vaccination regimes in commercial broiler chickens carrying MDAs against HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2.1 virus

Author:
Walid H. Kilany; Mohammed K. Hassan; Marwa Safwat; Sami Mohammed; Abdullah Selim; Sophie VonDobschuetz; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Juan Lubroth; Yilma Jobre
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 333-341
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
hemagglutination inhibition test; poultry production; vaccination; emulsions; chicks; broiler chickens; antibodies; viruses; seroconversion; half life; monitoring; humoral immunity; ducks; morbidity; oils; mortality; Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1; turkeys; Influenza A virus; vaccines; secondary immunization; avian influenza; Egypt
Abstract:
... Vaccination is the main tool implemented in Egypt since 2007 to control H5N1 avian influenza. The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three avian influenza vaccination regimes in commercial broiler chickens carrying high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Day-old chicks were divided into four experimental groups. Group I received only the rHVT-H5 vaccine (recombinant ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1053840

18. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Normal Orbit and Eye of the Horse

Author:
C. D'Août; J. F. Nisolle; M. Navez; R. Perrin; T. Launois; L. Brogniez; P. Clegg; F. Hontoir; J. M. Vandeweerd
Source:
Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 370-377
ISSN:
1439-0264
Subject:
adults; computed tomography; disease surveillance; eye diseases; eyelids; horses; image analysis; infectious diseases; magnetic resonance imaging; models; muscles; nerve tissue; retina; sebaceous glands; sinuses; skull
Abstract:
... Traumatic and infectious diseases of the eye and orbit can occur in horses. For diagnosis and monitoring of such diseases, medical imaging is useful including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the current study was to describe CT and MRI anatomy of the equine orbit and ocular globe. The heads from four adult horses were scanned with a 6‐slice Emotion 6 CT (S ...
DOI:
10.1111/ahe.12149

19. Conditions that induce biofilm production by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Author:
Miguel A. De la Rosa-Ramos; Maricruz Rodríguez-Cruz; Edgar O López-Villegas; Graciela Castro-Escarpulli; Fernando M. Guerra-Infante
Source:
Avian pathology 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 366-369
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale; biofilm; birds; carbon dioxide; environmental factors; polystyrenes; poultry industry; respiratory tract diseases; serotypes; temperature
Abstract:
... Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes respiratory disease in birds, and directly affects the poultry industry. The mechanisms behind these infections are not completely known. Currently, its capacity to form biofilms on inert surfaces has been reported; however, the conditions for biofilm development have not been described yet. The present work was aimed at ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2015.1059923

20. Degradation of Herbicide Mesotrione in Three Soils with Differing Physicochemical Properties from China

Author:
Guixiang Quan; Chuntao Yin; Tianming Chen; Jinlong Yan
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2015 v.44 no.5 pp. 1631-1637
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
cation exchange capacity; clay fraction; environmental factors; environmental impact; half life; loess; mesotrione; microbial activity; models; organic matter; paddy soils; prediction; silty clay loam soils; soil pH; solar radiation; China
Abstract:
... The movement and fate of herbicides in soils under various environmental factors are important in evaluating their mobility and ecological impact. The effects of sterilization, solarization, and soil physicochemical properties on the degradation of herbicide mesotrione in three soils from China were evaluated using laboratory incubation method, and the degradation kinetics were also simulated usin ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2014.12.0528