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1. Atmospheric Concentrations of New Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Chemicals of Concern in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) Region

Author:
Cassandra Rauert; Tom Harner; Jasmin K. Schuster; Anita Eng; Gilberto Fillmann; Luisa Eugenia Castillo; Oscar Fentanes; Martín Villa Ibarra; Karina S. B. Miglioranza; Isabel Moreno Rivadeneira; Karla Pozo; Beatriz Helena Aristizábal Zuluaga
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7240-7249
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air; esters; flame retardants; organophosphorus compounds; perfluoroalkyl acids; perfluorocarbons; persistent organic pollutants; pesticides; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; population density; siloxanes; sulfonates; Brazil; Caribbean; Colombia; Latin America
Abstract:
... A special initiative was run by the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network to provide atmospheric data on a range of emerging chemicals of concern and candidate and new persistent organic pollutants in the Group of Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC) region. Regional-scale data for a range of flame retardants (FRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate este ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00995

2. Autotrophic Vanadium(V) Bioreduction in Groundwater by Elemental Sulfur and Zerovalent Iron

Author:
Baogang Zhang; Rui Qiu; Lu Lu; Xi Chen; Chao He; Jianping Lu; Zhiyong Jason Ren
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7434-7442
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
autotrophs; bioremediation; genes; groundwater; groundwater contamination; heterotrophs; human health; iron; metabolites; microbial communities; sulfur; vanadium
Abstract:
... Vanadium (V) is an emerging contaminant in groundwater that can adversely affect human health. Although bioremediation has been shown effective, little is known on autotrophic V(V) bioreduction in the context of oligotrophic characteristics of groundwater. In this study, we demonstrate that efficient V(V) bioreductions can be coupled with bio-oxidation of elemental sulfur (S(0)) or zerovalent iron ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01317

3. Competing Interactions of As Adsorption and Fe(III) Polymerization during Ferric Coprecipitation Treatment

Author:
Qiantao Shi; Chuanyong Jing; Xiaoguang Meng
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7343-7350
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adsorption; arsenic; coprecipitation; ferric chloride; ions; iron; oxides; pH; particle size; polymerization; polymers; sludge; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... This study revealed the effect of As on the formation and dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides and its further impact on the As removal efficacy of FeCl₃ treatment. Adding 6.7 mg/L FeCl₃ into 325 μg/L As solution (coprecipitation) resulted in more As removal (99% As(V) and 75% As(III)) at 2 min than adding As into aged FeCl₃ solution (preaged, 52–87% As(V) and 7–42% As(III)) at pH 7. However, soluble ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01845

4. Decoupling Livestock from Land Use through Industrial Feed Production Pathways

Author:
Ilje Pikaar; Silvio Matassa; Benjamin L. Bodirsky; Isabelle Weindl; Florian Humpenöder; Korneel Rabaey; Nico Boon; Michele Bruschi; Zhiguo Yuan; Hannah van Zanten; Mario Herrero; Willy Verstraete; Alexander Popp
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7351-7359
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
cropland; environmental impact; feeds; greenhouse gas emissions; land use; livestock; microbial proteins; nitrogen; pollution; rearing; socioeconomic development
Abstract:
... One of the main challenges for the 21st century is to balance the increasing demand for high-quality proteins while mitigating environmental impacts. In particular, cropland-based production of protein-rich animal feed for livestock rearing results in large-scale agricultural land-expansion, nitrogen pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here we propose and analyze the long-term potential of al ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00216

5. Examining the Potential for Agricultural Benefits from Pollinator Habitat at Solar Facilities in the United States

Author:
Leroy J. Walston; Shruti K. Mishra; Heidi M. Hartmann; Ihor Hlohowskyj; James McCall; Jordan Macknick
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7566-7576
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Citrus; agricultural land; alfalfa; almonds; cotton; ecological function; ecosystem services; environmental science; foraging; habitats; humans; land use change; pollinating insects; pollination; solar energy; soybeans; spatial data; vegetation; United States
Abstract:
... Of the many roles insects serve for ecosystem function, pollination is possibly the most important service directly linked to human well-being. However, land use changes have contributed to the decline of pollinators and their habitats. In agricultural landscapes that also support renewable energy developments such as utility-scale solar energy [USSE] facilities, opportunities may exist to conserv ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00020

6. Impact of Chloride Ions on UV/H2O2 and UV/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Processes

Author:
Weiqiu Zhang; Shiqing Zhou; Julong Sun; Xiaoyang Meng; Jinming Luo; Dandan Zhou; John Crittenden
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7380-7389
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
anions; chlorides; chlorine; environmental science; free radicals; hydroxyl radicals; mathematical models; organic compounds; oxidation; sulfates
Abstract:
... Chloride ion (Cl–) is one of the most common anions in the aqueous environment. A mathematical model was developed to determine and quantify the impact of Cl– on the oxidization rate of organic compounds at the beginning stage of the UV/persulfate (PS) and UV/H₂O₂ processes. We examined two cases for the UV/PS process: (1) when the target organic compounds react only with sulfate radicals, the rat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01662

7. In Silico Computational Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Endocrine Disruptors in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Author:
Danilo Basili; Ji-Liang Zhang; John Herbert; Kevin Kroll; Nancy D. Denslow; Christopher J. Martyniuk; Francesco Falciani; Philipp Antczak
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7553-7565
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Micropterus salmoides; animal ovaries; databases; dynamic models; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; environmental science; estradiol; females; fish communities; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; gonadosomatic index; liver; males; ovarian development; prediction; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; quercetin; transcription (genetics); transcriptomics; vitellogenin
Abstract:
... In recent years, decreases in fish populations have been attributed, in part, to the effect of environmental chemicals on ovarian development. To understand the underlying molecular events we developed a dynamic model of ovary development linking gene transcription to key physiological end points, such as gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma levels of estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG), in largemo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b02805

8. Modeling the Time-Variant Dietary Exposure of PCBs in China over the Period 1930 to 2100

Author:
Shizhen Zhao; Knut Breivik; Kevin C. Jones; Andrew J. Sweetman
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7371-7379
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
bioaccumulation; diet; dietary exposure; electronic wastes; emissions; exposure profile; females; human health; humans; models; polychlorinated biphenyls; China
Abstract:
... This study aimed for the first time to reconstruct historical exposure profiles for PCBs to the Chinese population, by examining the combined effect of changing temporal emissions and dietary transition. A long-term (1930–2100) dynamic simulation of human exposure using realistic emission scenarios, including primary emissions, unintentional emissions, and emissions from e-waste, combined with die ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01228

9. Molecular Structure Characterization of Riverine and Coastal Dissolved Organic Matter with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight LCMS (IM Q-TOF LCMS)

Author:
Kaijun Lu; Wayne S. Gardner; Zhanfei Liu
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7182-7191
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aquatic environment; biochemical compounds; carbon sinks; coastal water; databases; dissolved organic matter; environmental science; geometry; isomers; liquid chromatography; rivers; spectrometers; Texas
Abstract:
... Deciphering molecular structures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) components is key to understanding the formation and transformation of this globally important carbon pool in aquatic environments. Such a task depends on the integrated use of complementary analytical techniques. We characterize the molecular structure of natural DOM using an ion mobility quadrupole time of flight liquid chromatog ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00999

10. Seasonally Varying Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation From In-Situ Oxidation of Near-Highway Air

Author:
Provat K. Saha; Stephen M. Reece; Andrew P. Grieshop
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7192-7202
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aerosols; air; chemical composition; emissions; environmental science; oxidants; oxidation; ozone; seasonal variation; summer; temperature; traffic; vehicles (equipment); winter; North Carolina
Abstract:
... The extent to which motor vehicles contribute to ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains uncertain. Here, we present in situ measurements of SOA formation at a near-highway site with substantial tree-cover 10 m from Interstate 40 near Durham, North Carolina. In July 2015 (summer) and February 2016 (winter), we exposed ambient air to a range of oxidant (O₃ and OH) concentrations in an oxida ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01134

11. Trace Organic Pollutant Removal by VUV/UV/chlorine Process: Feasibility Investigation for Drinking Water Treatment on a Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV Photoreaction System and a Pilot Photoreactor

Author:
Mengkai Li; Mengyu Hao; Laxiang Yang; Hong Yao; James R. Bolton; Ernest R. Blatchley; Zhimin Qiang
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7426-7433
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
antibiotics; aquatic environment; chlorine; cost analysis; drinking water; electric power; fluid mechanics; lamps; models; organic matter; oxidation; photochemical reactions; pollutants; synergism; water treatment
Abstract:
... The vacuum-ultraviolet/ultraviolet/chlorine (VUV/UV/chlorine) process, with a VUV/UV mercury lamp used as the light source, was found to be a highly efficient advanced oxidation process (AOP) in a previous study. Hence, its application feasibility for trace organic pollutant removal from drinking water becomes attractive. In this work, a bench-scale mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system was use ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00611

12. A Cross-species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway for Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Leading to Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes

Author:
Jon A. Doering; Steve Wiseman; John P. Giesy; Markus Hecker
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7524-7533
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adverse effects; adverse outcome pathways; birds; developmental stages; dose response; environmental science; fish; mortality; regression analysis; transcriptional activation
Abstract:
... Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) elicit adverse effects through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Prior investigations demonstrated that sensitivity to activation of AHR1 in an in vitro AHR transactivation assay is predictive of early life stage mortality among birds. The present study investigated the link between sensitivity to activation of AHR1s and AHR2s and early life stage mort ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01438

13. Chemotaxis Increases the Retention of Bacteria in Porous Media with Residual NAPL Entrapment

Author:
Joanna S. T. Adadevoh; C. Andrew Ramsburg; Roseanne M. Ford
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7289-7295
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Pseudomonas putida; aquifers; bacteria; chemoattractants; chemotaxis; ganglia; migratory behavior; models; mutants; naphthalene; nonaqueous phase liquids; porous media; sand
Abstract:
... Chemotaxis has the potential to decrease the persistence of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants in aquifers by allowing pollutant-degrading bacteria to move toward sources of contamination and thus influence dissolution. This experimental study investigated the migratory response of chemotactic bacteria to a distribution of residual NAPL ganglia entrapped within a laboratory-scale sand col ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01172

14. Chlorinated and Brominated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Metallurgical Plants

Author:
Yang Xu; Lili Yang; Minghui Zheng; Rong Jin; Xiaolin Wu; Cui Li; Guorui Liu
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7334-7342
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air; aluminum; bromination; dioxins; environmental science; gas emissions; incinerators; industry; iron; lead; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; toxicity
Abstract:
... In this study, we investigated several metallurgical industries, including iron ore sintering, secondary aluminum smelting, and secondary lead smelting, as potential sources of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs. Stack gas emissions of 19 Cl-PAH and 19 Br-PAH congeners from the investigated metallurgical plants were in the ranges of 68.3–156 ng Nm–³ and 2.9–13.5 ng Nm–³, respectively. Cl/Br-PAHs in ambient air s ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01638

15. Compact and Low-Cost Fluorescence Based Flow-Through Analyzer for Early-Stage Classification of Potentially Toxic Algae and in Situ Semiquantification

Author:
Silvia E. Zieger; Günter Mistlberger; Lukas Troi; Alexander Lang; Fabio Confalonieri; Ingo Klimant
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7399-7408
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Cyanobacteria; algal blooms; environmental factors; fluorescence; instrumentation; monitoring; poisonous algae; seawater; spectral analysis
Abstract:
... The occurrence and intensity of (harmful) algal blooms (HABs) have increased through the years due to rapidly changing environmental conditions. At the same time, the demand for low-cost instrumentation has increased substantially, enabling the real-time monitoring and early-stage detection of HABs. To meet this challenge, we have developed a compact multi-wavelength fluorometer for less than 400 ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00578

16. Concentration Dependent Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin on Graphene Oxide Colloidal Stability in Aquatic Environment

Author:
Binbin Sun; Yinqing Zhang; Wei Chen; Kunkun Wang; Lingyan Zhu
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7212-7219
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aquatic environment; bovine serum albumin; calcium chloride; coagulation; electrolytes; environmental science; graphene oxide; light scattering; lysine; magnesium chloride; models; pH; sodium chloride
Abstract:
... The impacts of a model globular protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on aggregation kinetics of graphene oxide (GO) in aquatic environment were investigated through time-resolved dynamic light scattering at pH 5.5. Aggregation kinetics of GO without BSA as a function of electrolyte concentrations (NaCl, MgCl₂, and CaCl₂) followed the traditional Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory, and t ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.7b06218

17. Correlation of crAssphage qPCR Markers with Culturable and Molecular Indicators of Human Fecal Pollution in an Impacted Urban Watershed

Author:
Elyse Stachler; Benay Akyon; Nathalia Aquino de Carvalho; Christian Ference; Kyle Bibby
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7505-7512
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
quantitative polymerase chain reaction; public health; humans; monitoring; indicator species; sewage; Polyomaviridae; Enterococcus; pathogens; streams; watersheds; pollution; coliphages; rain; genetic markers; Escherichia coli
Abstract:
... Environmental waters are monitored for fecal pollution to protect public health. Many previously developed human-specific fecal pollution indicators lack adequate sensitivity to be reliably detected in environmental waters or do not correlate well with viral pathogens. Recently, two novel human sewage-associated source tracking qPCR markers were developed based on the bacteriophage crAssphage, CPQ ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00638

18. Dynamic Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol under Ambient Sunlight

Author:
Huanhuan Jiang; Myoseon Jang
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7496-7504
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; aerosols; alpha-pinene; chemical composition; combustion; dithiothreitol; environmental science; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gasoline; hydroperoxides; isoprene; moieties; nitrates; oxidants; quinones; smoke; solar radiation; toluene; wood
Abstract:
... The atmospheric process dynamically changes the chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA), thereby complicating the interpretation of its health effects. In this study, the dynamic evolution of the oxidative potential of various OA was studied, including wood combustion particles and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from different hydrocarbons (i.e., gasoline, toluene, isoprene, and ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00148

19. Fossil Fuel-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Taiwan Strait, China, and Fluxes across the Air–Water Interface

Author:
Miaolei Ya; Li Xu; Yuling Wu; Yongyu Li; Songhe Zhao; Xinhong Wang
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7307-7316
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
fluorenes; volatilization; carbon; burning; summer; radionuclides; water currents; anthracenes; estuaries; fossil fuels; winter; fossils; models; dry deposition; biomass; liquid-air interface; rivers; phenanthrenes; seawater; radiocarbon dating; South China Sea; Taiwan; China
Abstract:
... On the basis of the application of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) and air–water exchange models, the contributions of fossil fuel and biomass burning derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as their air–water transport were elucidated. The results showed that fossil fuel-derived PAHs (an average contribution of 89%) presented the net volatilization process at the air ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01331

20. Global Transcriptomic Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of the Neonicotinoids Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, and Thiamethoxam in the Brain of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Author:
Verena Christen; Melanie Schirrmann; Juerg E. Frey; Karl Fent
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7534-7544
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Apis mellifera; adverse effects; alpha-amylase; brain; carbohydrate metabolism; clothianidin; environmental science; gene ontology; genes; glucose; imidacloprid; lipid metabolism; nucleotidase; pentose phosphate cycle; proteins; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; royal jelly; sequence analysis; starch; sucrose; sulfur; thiamethoxam; transcriptomics; worker honey bees
Abstract:
... Neonicotinoids are implicated in the decline of honey bees, but the molecular basis underlying adverse effects is poorly known. Here we describe global transcriptomic profiles in the brain of honey bee workers exposed for 48 h at one environmentally realistic and one sublethal concentration of 0.3 and 3.0 ng/bee clothianidin and imidacloprid, respectively, and 0.1 and 1.0 ng/bee thiamethoxam (1–30 ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01801

21. High Performance Nanofiltration Membrane for Effective Removal of Perfluoroalkyl Substances at High Water Recovery

Author:
Chanhee Boo; Yunkun Wang; Ines Zucker; Youngwoo Choo; Chinedum O. Osuji; Menachem Elimelech
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7279-7288
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
calcium; calcium chloride; cations; gypsum; molecular weight; nanofiltration; nanopores; organochlorine compounds; perfluorocarbons; perfluorooctanoic acid; piperazine; polyamides; polymerization; remediation; sodium chloride; sodium sulfate
Abstract:
... We demonstrate the fabrication of a loose, negatively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane with tailored selectivity for the removal of perfluoroalkyl substances with reduced scaling potential. A selective polyamide layer was fabricated on top of a poly(ether sulfone) support via interfacial polymerization of trimesoyl chloride and a mixture of piperazine and bipiperidine. Incorporating high molec ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01040

22. How Persistent and Bioavailable Are Oxygenated Deepwater Horizon Oil Transformation Products?

Author:
Christoph Aeppli; Robert F. Swarthout; Gregory W. O’Neil; Samuel D. Katz; Deedar Nabi; Collin P. Ward; Robert K. Nelson; Charles M. Sharpless; Christopher M. Reddy
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7250-7258
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
analytical methods; aromatic compounds; beaches; chemical composition; environmental assessment; environmental fate; hydrocarbons; hydrophobicity; models; oil spills; oils; risk assessment; sand; toxic substances; water solubility; Gulf of Mexico
Abstract:
... About half of the surface oil floating on the Gulf of Mexico in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill was transformed into oxygenated hydrocarbons (OxHC) within days to weeks. These OxHC persist for years in oil/sand aggregates in nearshore and beach environments, and there is concern that these aggregates might represent a long-term source of toxic compounds. However, because this OxH ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01001

23. Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) in Aerosols of Central Tibetan Plateau (Nam Co, 4730 m asl): Abundance, Light Absorption Properties, and Sources

Author:
Guangming Wu; Xin Wan; Shaopeng Gao; Pingqing Fu; Yongguang Yin; Gang Li; Guoshuai Zhang; Shichang Kang; Kirpa Ram; Zhiyuan Cong
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7203-7211
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
absorption; aerosols; altitude; biomass; burning; carbon; diurnal variation; emissions; environmental science; optical properties; oxidation; summer; winter; China; India
Abstract:
... Humic-like substances (HULIS) are major components of light-absorbing brown carbon that play an important role in Earth’s radiative balance. However, their concentration, optical properties, and sources are least understood over Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, the analysis of total suspended particulate (TSP) samples from central of TP (i.e., Nam Co) reveal that atmospheric HULIS are more abu ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01251

24. Hydroxyl Radical Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Halogenated Organic Contaminants and Paraffin on Silica Gel

Author:
Ruijuan Qu; Chenguang Li; Jiaoqin Liu; Ruiyang Xiao; Xiaoxue Pan; Xiaolan Zeng; Zunyao Wang; Jichun Wu
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7220-7229
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air; bromine; density functional theory; energy; environmental science; hydroxyl radicals; hydroxylation; irradiation; organic halogen compounds; phenols; photocatalysis; photocatalysts; photolysis; silica gel; solar radiation
Abstract:
... Photochemical materials are of scientific and practical importance in the field of photocatalysis. In this study, the photochemistry of several organic contaminants, including decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), halogenated phenols (C₆X₅OH, X = F, Cl, Br) and paraffin, on silica gel (SG) surface was investigated under simulated solar irradiation conditions. Photolysis of these compounds at the soli ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00499

25. Identification of Degradation Pathways of Chlorohydrocarbons in Saturated Low-Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis

Author:
Philipp Wanner; Beth L. Parker; Steven W. Chapman; Glaucia Lima; Adam Gilmore; E. Erin Mack; Ramon Aravena
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7296-7306
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aquifers; carbon; carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; environmental fate; isotopes; mathematical models; methylene chloride; microorganisms; prediction; sediments
Abstract:
... This study aims to investigate whether compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) can be used to differentiate the degradation pathways of chlorohydrocarbons in saturated low-permeability sediments. For that purpose, a site was selected, where a complex mixture of chlorohydrocarbons contaminated an aquifer–aquitard system. Almost 50 years after contaminant releases, high-resolution concentra ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01173

26. In Situ Monitoring of Groundwater Contamination Using the Kalman Filter

Author:
Franziska Schmidt; Haruko M. Wainwright; Boris Faybishenko; Miles Denham; Carol Eddy-Dilek
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7418-7425
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
early warning systems; groundwater; groundwater contamination; models; monitoring; pH; principal component analysis; tritium; uranium; water quality; Savannah River Site
Abstract:
... This study presents a Kalman filter-based framework to establish a real-time in situ monitoring system for groundwater contamination based on in situ measurable water quality variables, such as specific conductance (SC) and pH. First, this framework uses principal component analysis (PCA) to identify correlations between the contaminant concentrations of interest and in situ measurable variables. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00017

27. Iodoacetic Acid Disrupting the Thyroid Endocrine System in Vitro and in Vivo

Author:
Ying Xia; Yan Mo; Qiyuan Yang; Yang Yu; Meiyu Jiang; Shumao Wei; Du Lu; Huan Wu; Guodong Lu; Yunfeng Zou; Zhiyong Zhang; Xiao Wei
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7545-7552
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
byproducts; cell proliferation; cytotoxicity; disinfection; drinking water; endocrine system; environmental science; gene expression; hypothalamus; indole acetic acid; iodides; iodoacetic acid; messenger RNA; mutagens; protein synthesis; rats; sodium; symporters; thyrotropin; thyrotropin receptors; thyrotropin-releasing hormone; triiodothyronine
Abstract:
... Exposure to drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is potentially associated with adverse developmental effects. Iodoacetic acid (IAA), an unregulated DBP, has been shown to be cytotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, and tumorigenic. However, its endocrine-disrupting effects remain unknown. This study evaluated the IAA-induced disruption of the thyroid endocrine system using in vitro and in vivo a ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01802

28. Life Cycle Assessment of Biofertilizer Production and Use Compared with Conventional Liquid Digestate Management

Author:
David Styles; Paul Adams; Gunnar Thelin; Céline Vaneeckhaute; David Chadwick; Paul J. A. Withers
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7468-7476
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acidification; ammonia; anaerobic digestion; antimony; biofertilizers; carbon dioxide; energy; eutrophication; food waste; global warming; greenhouse gas emissions; life cycle assessment; liquids; magnesium ammonium phosphate; methane; mineral fertilizers; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; nutrient use efficiency; nutrients; phosphorus; sulfur dioxide
Abstract:
... Handling of digestate produced by anaerobic digestion impacts the environment through emission of greenhouse gases, reactive nitrogen, and phosphorus. Previous life cycle assessments (LCA) evaluating the extraction of nutrients from digestate using struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping did not relate synthetic fertilizer substitution (SFS) to nutrient use efficiency consequences. We applied ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01619

29. Mechanism of the Thermal Decomposition of Chlorpyrifos and Formation of the Dioxin Analog, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-1,4-dioxino-dipyridine (TCDDpy)

Author:
Eric M. Kennedy; John C. Mackie
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7327-7333
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
chlorpyrifos; dioxins; environmental science; ethylene; free radicals; kinetics; models; organic halogen compounds; oxygen; thermal degradation
Abstract:
... Thermal decomposition of the pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPf) and its major degradation product, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCpyol), has been studied by quantum chemical calculation using density functional methods at the M06-2X/GTLarge//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. Chlopyrifos was found to undergo a series of unimolecular stepwise elimination reactions releasing two molecules of ethylene an ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01626

30. Modeling Ozone in the Eastern U.S. using a Fuel-Based Mobile Source Emissions Inventory

Author:
Brian C. McDonald; Stuart A. McKeen; Yu Yan Cui; Ravan Ahmadov; Si-Wan Kim; Gregory J. Frost; Ilana B. Pollack; Jeff Peischl; Thomas B. Ryerson; John S. Holloway; Martin Graus; Carsten Warneke; Jessica B. Gilman; Joost A. de Gouw; Jennifer Kaiser; Frank N. Keutsch; Thomas F. Hanisco; Glenn M. Wolfe; Michael Trainer
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7360-7370
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; carbon monoxide; emissions; environmental science; inventories; models; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; uncertainty; volatile organic compounds; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Recent studies suggest overestimates in current U.S. emission inventories of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ = NO + NO₂). Here, we expand a previously developed fuel-based inventory of motor-vehicle emissions (FIVE) to the continental U.S. for the year 2013, and evaluate our estimates of mobile source emissions with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI) interpolated to ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00778

31. Monothioarsenate Transformation Kinetics Determining Arsenic Sequestration by Sulfhydryl Groups of Peat

Author:
Johannes Besold; Ashis Biswas; Elke Suess; Andreas C. Scheinost; André Rossberg; Christian Mikutta; Ruben Kretzschmar; Jon Petter Gustafsson; Britta Planer-Friedrich
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7317-7326
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
X-ray absorption spectroscopy; arsenic; arsenites; dissociation; dominant species; environmental science; models; moieties; organic matter; pH; peat; peatlands; sorption; sulfhydryl groups; sulfur; Switzerland
Abstract:
... In peatlands, arsenite was reported to be effectively sequestered by sulfhydryl groups of natural organic matter. To which extent porewater arsenite can react with reduced sulfur to form thioarsenates and how this affects arsenic sequestration in peatlands is unknown. Here, we show that, in the naturally arsenic-enriched peatland Gola di Lago, Switzerland, up to 93% of all arsenic species in surfa ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01542

32. Performance of Modified LaxSr1–xMnO3 Perovskite Catalysts for NH3 Oxidation: TPD, DFT, and Kinetic Studies

Author:
Dong Wang; Yue Peng; Qilei Yang; Shangchao Xiong; Junhua Li; John Crittenden
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7443-7449
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adsorption; ammonia; catalysts; cations; density functional theory; environmental science; lanthanum; manganese; nitric oxide; nitrous oxide; oxidation; oxygen; sulfur dioxide; temperature
Abstract:
... The modified perovskites (LaₓSr₁–ₓMnO₃) were prepared using the selective dissolution method for the selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of NH₃. We found that more Mn⁴⁺ cations and active surface oxygen species formed on the catalyst’s surface with increasing the dissolution time (dis). The 1h-dis catalyst exhibited excellent NH₃ conversion, and it performed well in the presence of SO₂ and H₂O. Th ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01352

33. Pore Structure-Dependent Mass Transport in Flow-through Electrodes for Water Remediation

Author:
Yujun Zhou; Qinghua Ji; Huijuan Liu; Jiuhui Qu
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7477-7485
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
active sites; decontamination; electrochemistry; electrodes; electron transfer; graphene; mass transfer; microstructure; nanosheets; reaction kinetics; remediation; surface area; water purification
Abstract:
... Hierarchical three-dimensional architectures of granphene-based materials with tailored microstructure and functionality exhibit unique mass transport behaviors and tunable active sites for various applications. The micro- /nanochannels in the porous structure can act as micro- /nano- reactors, which optimize the transport and conversion of contaminants. However, the size-effects of the micro- /na ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01728

34. Production Temperature Effects on the Structure of Hydrochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter and Associated Toxicity

Author:
Shilai Hao; Xiangdong Zhu; Yuchen Liu; Feng Qian; Zhi Fang; Quan Shi; Shicheng Zhang; Jianmin Chen; Zhiyong Jason Ren
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7486-7495
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
biochar; chemical structure; dissolved organic matter; environmental impact; furans; hydrochars; hydrothermal liquefaction; molecular weight; organic acids and salts; phenols; spectroscopy; sugars; temperature; toxicity
Abstract:
... Hydrochar is a carbonaceous material derived from hydrothermal liquefaction, and it carries good potential as a new material for environmental applications. However, little is known about the dissolved organic matter (DOM) associated with hydrochar and the consequences of its release. The relationship between the production temperature and the characteristics of DOM released from hydrochar as well ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.7b04983

35. Protocol for Determining Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode (UV-LED) Fluence for Microbial Inactivation Studies

Author:
Ataollah Kheyrandish; Madjid Mohseni; Fariborz Taghipour
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7390-7398
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
disinfection; environmental science; lamps; light emitting diodes; light intensity; microorganisms; protocols; ultraviolet radiation; wavelengths
Abstract:
... Determining fluence is essential to derive the inactivation kinetics of microorganisms and to design ultraviolet (UV) reactors for water disinfection. UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are emerging UV sources with various advantages compared to conventional UV lamps. Unlike conventional mercury lamps, no standard method is available to determine the average fluence of the UV-LEDs, and conventiona ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.7b05797

36. Reactions of Ferrate(VI) with Iodide and Hypoiodous Acid: Kinetics, Pathways, and Implications for the Fate of Iodine during Water Treatment

Author:
Jaedon Shin; Urs von Gunten; David A. Reckhow; Sebastien Allard; Yunho Lee
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7458-7467
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
byproducts; disinfection; environmental science; hydrogen peroxide; iodides; iodine; kinetics; oxidation; pH; toxicity; water treatment
Abstract:
... Oxidative treatment of iodide-containing waters can form toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs). To better understand the fate of iodine, kinetics, products, and stoichiometries for the reactions of ferrate(VI) with iodide (I–) and hypoiodous acid (HOI) were determined. Ferrate(VI) showed considerable reactivities to both I– and HOI with higher reactivities at lower pH. Interestingly, th ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01565

37. Regeneration of Activated Carbon Fiber by the Electro-Fenton Process

Author:
Clément Trellu; Nihal Oturan; Fanta Kaba Keita; Chloé Fourdrin; Yoan Pechaud; Mehmet A. Oturan
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7450-7457
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
activated carbon; adsorption; anodes; benzoquinones; byproducts; carbon fibers; cathodes; hydroxyl radicals; mineralization; oxidation; pH; phenol; pollutants; surface area; toxic substances
Abstract:
... An electro-Fenton (EF) based technology using activated carbon (AC) fiber as cathode and BDD as anode has been investigated for both regeneration of AC and mineralization of organic pollutants. The large specific surface area and low intraparticle diffusion resistance of AC tissue resulted in high maximum adsorption capacity of phenol (PH) (3.7 mmol g–¹) and fast adsorption kinetics. Spent AC tiss ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01554

38. Revealing Environmental Inequality Hidden in China’s Inter-regional Trade

Author:
Wei Zhang; Yu Liu; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek; Jinnan Wang; Miaomiao Liu; Ling Jiang; Hongqiang Jiang; Nianlei Liu; Pengyan Zhang; Ying Zhou; Jun Bi
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7171-7181
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air pollutants; air pollution; coasts; emissions; inventories; models; pollution control; public services and goods; supply chain; trade; value added; China
Abstract:
... Trade among regions or countries not only allows the exchange of goods and services but also leads to the transfer of pollution. The unequal exchange of goods and services and associated value added and pollution may be subject to environmental inequality in China given that Chinese provinces are in different development stages. By using the latest multiregional input–output tables and the sectora ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00009

39. Stabilization of Ag–Au Bimetallic Nanocrystals in Aquatic Environments Mediated by Dissolved Organic Matter: A Mechanistic Perspective

Author:
Theodore E. G. Alivio; Nathan A. Fleer; Jashanpreet Singh; Govind Nadadur; Mingbao Feng; Sarbajit Banerjee; Virender K. Sharma
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7269-7278
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; alloys; aquatic environment; dissolved organic matter; ecotoxicology; electron transfer; environmental science; gold; humic acids; ions; mineralization; moieties; nanocrystals; nanogold; nanoparticles; nanosilver; pH; reducing agents; rivers; silver; thiols; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Gold and silver nanoparticles can be stabilized endogenously within aquatic environments from dissolved ionic species as a result of mineralization induced by dissolved organic matter. However, the ability of fulvic and humic acids to stabilize bimetallic nanoparticles is entirely unexplored. Elucidating the formation of such particles is imperative given their potential ecological toxicity. Herei ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01003

40. The Story of Ever Diminishing Vehicle Tailpipe Emissions as Observed in the Chicago, Illinois Area

Author:
Gary A. Bishop; Molly J. Haugen
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7587-7593
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
carbon monoxide; durability; environmental science; fuels; hydrocarbons; models; nitric oxide; particulate emissions; statistical analysis; Illinois
Abstract:
... The University of Denver has collected on-road fuel specific vehicle emissions measurements in the Chicago area since 1989. This nearly 30 year record illustrates the large reductions in light-duty vehicle tailpipe emissions and the remarkable improvements in emissions control durability to maintain low emissions over increasing periods of time. Since 1989 fuel specific carbon monoxide (CO) emissi ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00926

41. Validation of a Method for Extracting Microplastics from Complex, Organic-Rich, Environmental Matrices

Author:
Rachel R. Hurley; Amy L. Lusher; Marianne Olsen; Luca Nizzetto
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7409-7417
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
hydrogen peroxide; organic matter; oxidation; plastics; potassium hydroxide; protocols; sludge; sodium hydroxide; soil; soil sampling; wet digestion method
Abstract:
... Complex and organic-rich solid substrates such as sludge and soil have been shown to be contaminated by microplastics; however, methods for extracting plastic particles have not yet been systemically tested or standardized. This study investigated four main protocols for the removal of organic material during analysis of microplastics from complex solid matrices: oxidation using H₂O₂, Fenton’s rea ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b01517

42. Why Variant Colloid Transport Behaviors Emerge among Identical Individuals in Porous Media When Colloid–Surface Repulsion Exists

Author:
W. P. Johnson; A. Rasmuson; E. Pazmiño; M. Hilpert
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.52 no.13 pp. 7230-7239
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
collectors; colloids; environmental science; glass; porous media; prediction; quartz; sand
Abstract:
... We herein demonstrate the cause of well-observed variant transport behaviors for apparently identical colloids in porous media under conditions of colloid-collector repulsion (unfavorable attachment conditions). We demonstrate that variant colloid transport behavior under unfavorable conditions can be explained by inherently variable colloid residence times prior to arrest on grains (collectors). ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b00811