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1. Analysing child linear growth trajectories among under-5 children in two Nairobi informal settlements

Author:
Cheikh Mbacké Faye; Sharon Fonn; Jonathan Levin; Elizabeth Kimani-Murage
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2001-2011
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
breast feeding; child health; children; equations; females; immunization; linear models; males; marital status; mothers; socioeconomic status; Kenya
Abstract:
... We sought to identify factors associated with linear growth among under-5 children in two urban informal settlements in Nairobi. We used longitudinal data for the period 2007–2012 from under-5 children recruited in the two sites between birth and 23 months and followed up until they reached 5 years of age. We fitted a generalized linear model on height-for-age Z-scores using the generalized estima ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000491
PubMed:
30940271 30940271

2. Artificial sweeteners in food and beverage products at school

Author:
Rebecca M Schermbeck; Julien Leider; Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter; Jamie F Chriqui
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1941-1950
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; USDA; artificial sweeteners; beverages; children; cross-sectional studies; elementary schools; experts; health policy; snacks; vending machines; District of Columbia
Abstract:
... Experts recommend that products containing artificial sweeteners are not marketed to children or sold at schools. The present study aimed to provide a baseline assessment of the extent to which state laws and local school district wellness policies (LWP) address restrictions on the use of artificial sweeteners in competitive foods and beverages (CF&B) sold at schools. A descriptive, cross-sectiona ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001800143X
PubMed:
30198458 30198458

3. Assessing Anticancer Potential of Blueberry Flavonoids, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Gentisic Acid, Through Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Parameters on HCT-116 Cells

Author:
Ebru Demirel Sezer; Latife Merve Oktay; Elif Karadadaş; Hikmet Memmedov; Nur Selvi Gunel; Eser Sözmen
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1118-1126
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; Vaccinium myrtillus; antineoplastic activity; antineoplastic agents; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; apoptosis; blueberries; cytotoxicity; diet; flow cytometry; fruit extracts; kaempferol; liquid chromatography; neoplasms; oxidants; oxidative stress; polyphenols; protein composition; protein microarrays; proteins; quercetin; tandem mass spectrometry; therapeutics
Abstract:
... In recent years, natural products gained popularity with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects mediated by chemical compounds within their composition. Study results offering them as palliative therapy options in cancer or as anticancer agents with high levels of cytotoxicity brought a new approach to combine cancer treatment protocols with these products. From a different perspective, e ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.0098

4. Assessing the causes of diversification slowdowns: temperature‐dependent and diversity‐dependent models receive equivalent support

Author:
Fabien L. Condamine; Jonathan Rolland; Hélène Morlon
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1900-1912
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Cenozoic era; biotic factors; environmental factors; fossils; global cooling; models; phylogeny
Abstract:
... Diversification rates vary over time, yet the factors driving these variations remain unclear. Temporal declines in speciation rates have often been interpreted as the effect of ecological limits, competition, and diversity dependence, emphasising the role of biotic factors. Abiotic factors, such as climate change, are also supposed to have affected diversification rates over geological time scale ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13382

5. Association between gestational weight gain and exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months postpartum in Chinese women

Author:
Mingkun Tong; Lei Jin; Jianmeng Liu; Zhiwen Li; Hongtian Li; Le Zhang; Rongwei Ye; Aiguo Ren
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2092-2098
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Chinese people; breast feeding; child health; guidelines; health services; medicine; monitoring; obesity; randomized clinical trials; weight gain; women; China
Abstract:
... The association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) practices remains unclear. The present study evaluated the association between GWG and EBF in the first 6 months postpartum among primiparas in rural China. The study population was drawn from a previous randomized controlled trial, and the relevant data were obtained from an electronic, population-based perin ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000387
PubMed:
30859927 30859927

6. Association of age and colostrum discarding with breast-feeding practice in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analyses

Author:
Sisay Mulugeta Alemu; Yihun Mulugeta Alemu; Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2063-2082
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
World Health Organization; breast feeding; caregivers; children; colostrum; databases; meta-analysis; mothers; observational studies; regression analysis; statistical models; systematic review; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... To investigate whether maternal/caregiver’s age, infant age (0–6 months) and discarding colostrum affects timely initiation of breast-feeding (TIBF) and exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in Ethiopia. A systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science and WHO Global Health Library electronic databases was done for all articles published in English from 2000 to January 2018. Two revi ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000314
PubMed:
30846022 30846022

7. Association of eggs with dietary nutrient adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in US adults

Author:
Melissa M Melough; Sang-Jin Chung; Maria Luz Fernandez; Ock K Chun
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2033-2042
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
C-reactive protein; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; adults; biomarkers; blood serum; body mass index; calcium; choline; cross-sectional studies; diet recall; eggs; iron; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; minerals; nutrients; regression analysis; risk factors; saturated fats; sociodemographic characteristics; unsaturated fats; vitamins; waist circumference; zinc; United States
Abstract:
... Whole eggs are rich sources of several micronutrients. However, it is not well known how egg consumption contributes to overall nutrient adequacy and how it may relate to CVD risk factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how whole egg consumption contributes to nutrient intakes and to assess its association with CVD risk factors in US adults. Cross-sectional study. The study was co ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000211
PubMed:
30834848 30834848

8. Bias in the detection of negative density dependence in plant communities

Author:
Matteo Detto; Marco D. Visser; S. Joseph Wright; Stephen W. Pacala
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1923-1939
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; plant communities; rare species; statistical inference
Abstract:
... Regression dilution is a statistical inference bias that causes underestimation of the strength of dependency between two variables when the predictors are error‐prone proxies (EPPs). EPPs are widely used in plant community studies focused on negative density‐dependence (NDD) to quantify competitive interactions. Because of the nature of the bias, conspecific NDD is often overestimated in recruitm ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13372

9. Dietary Management of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author:
Tanyaporn Kaenkumchorn; Anil Kesavan
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1092-1099
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
Crohn disease; adverse effects; carbohydrates; colitis; curcumin; databases; dietary supplements; enteral feeding; environmental factors; inflammation; intestines; malnutrition; omega-3 fatty acids; pathogenesis; prospective studies
Abstract:
... Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a life-long relapsing and remitting condition characterized by inflammation of the intestine. While the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unclear, the current belief is that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in development of disease. Management options include nutritional, pharmacological, and ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.0063

10. Dietary calcium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome: evidence from observational studies

Author:
Lixiao Cheng; Danqing Hu; Wenjie Jiang
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2055-2062
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
calcium; cohort studies; cross-sectional studies; dose response; food intake; meta-analysis; metabolic syndrome; observational studies; risk; risk reduction; statistical models
Abstract:
... Epidemiological investigations evaluating the association of dietary Ca intake with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk have yielded controversial results. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the association between dietary Ca intake and the risk of MetS. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published up to October 2018. The pooled OR an ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000247
PubMed:
30846011 30846011

11. Dietary changes during the Great Recession in Portugal: comparing the 2005/2006 and the 2014 health surveys

Author:
Ricardo Alves; Julian Perelman
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1971-1978
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Mediterranean diet; breads; desserts; eating habits; economic recession; educational status; elderly; fish; fish consumption; food groups; fruits; health surveys; legumes; meat; pasta; potatoes; probability; rice; soups; sweets; young adults; Portugal
Abstract:
... We aimed at analysing changes in consumption of selected food groups in the Portuguese population before and after the Great Recession, which hit the country between 2008 and 2013. We used pooled cross-sectional data from the Portuguese National Health Interview Surveys of 2005/2006 and 2014. We modelled the probability of consumption of soup, fish, meat, potatoes/rice/pasta, bread, legumes, fruit ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001800410X
PubMed:
30898181 30898181

12. Do prey select for vacant hunting domains to minimize a multi‐predator threat?

Author:
Michel T. Kohl; Toni K. Ruth; Matthew C. Metz; Daniel R. Stahler; Douglas W. Smith; P.J. White; Daniel R. MacNulty
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1724-1733
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Canis lupus; Cervus elaphus; Puma concolor; ecosystems; elks; predation; predators; risk; sympatry; wolves
Abstract:
... Many ecosystems contain sympatric predator species that hunt in different places and times. We tested whether this provides vacant hunting domains, places and times where and when predators are least active, that prey use to minimize threats from multiple predators simultaneously. We measured how northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) responded to wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Puma concolor ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13319

13. Echinacea purpurea Root Extract Increases Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Concanavalin A-Activated Murine Splenocytes

Author:
Mikaela P. Cadiz; Mackenzie R. Schara; Bailey H. Kemp; Rachel M. Gibbons Johnson
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1146-1150
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
Echinacea purpurea; concanavalin A; dose response; immune system; immunomodulators; interferon-gamma; interleukin-2; mice; splenocytes; traditional medicine; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:
... Echinacea purpurea is a common herbal remedy used to treat a variety of illnesses, though its health benefits and effects on the immune system have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of E. purpurea root extract on the survival of concanavalin A (ConA)-activated murine splenocytes and the production of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), a ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.0065

14. Ecological memory of daily carbon exchange across the globe and its importance in drylands

Author:
Yao Liu; Christopher R. Schwalm; Kimberly E. Samuels‐Crow; Kiona Ogle
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1806-1816
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
arid lands; carbon; carbon cycle; ecosystems; eddy covariance; metabolism; models; net ecosystem exchange; prediction; water stress
Abstract:
... How do antecedent (past) conditions influence land‐carbon dynamics after those conditions no longer persist? In particular, quantifying such memory effects associated with the influence of past environmental (exogenous) and biological (endogenous) conditions is crucial for understanding and predicting the carbon cycle. Here we show, using data from 42 eddy covariance sites across six major biomes, ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13363

15. Elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein and d-dimer levels are associated with food insecurity among people living with HIV in Pune, India

Author:
Sandesh Patil; Dileep Kadam; Nicky Mehtani; Shashikala Sangle; Ivan Marbaniang; Vandana Kulkarni; Dhananjay Shere; Prasad Deshpande; Gauri Dhumal; Nishi Suryavanshi; Nikhil Gupte; Robert Bollinger; Andrea DeLuca; Neetal Nevrekar; Pramila Menon; Rama Kawade; Mansi Patil; Amita Gupta; Vidya Mave
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2022-2029
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
C-reactive protein; Human immunodeficiency virus; adults; antiretroviral agents; biomarkers; cross-sectional studies; food security; hospitals; household income; morbidity; mortality; prospective studies; regression analysis; risk factors; socioeconomics; therapeutics; India
Abstract:
... To assess the prevalence and determinants of food insecurity among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Pune, India and its association with biomarkers known to confer increased risks of morbidity and mortality in this population. Cross-sectional analysis assessing food insecurity using the standardized Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Participants were dichotomized into two groups: food insecu ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001900020X
PubMed:
30827288 30827288

16. Ethiopia’s high childhood undernutrition explained: analysis of the prevalence and key correlates based on recent nationally representative data

Author:
Tafere Gebreegziabher; Nigatu Regassa
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2099-2109
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
anemia; body mass index; childhood; children; drinking water; females; growth retardation; health services; household income; low birth weight; malnutrition; mothers; nutrition education; risk factors; rural areas; underweight; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... To examine the contribution of child, maternal and household factors in stunting, wasting and underweight among children under 5 years in Ethiopia. Quantitative cross-sectional design based on nationally representative data. Urban and rural areas of Ethiopia. Younger (0–24 months; n 4199) and older age groups (25–59 months; n 5497), giving a total of 9696 children. Among the younger age group, 29 ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000569
PubMed:
30894232 30894232

17. Evolutionary drivers of seasonal plumage colours: colour change by moult correlates with sexual selection, predation risk and seasonality across passerines

Author:
Alexandra McQueen; Bart Kempenaers; James Dale; Mihai Valcu; Zachary T. Emery; Cody J. Dey; Anne Peters; Kaspar Delhey
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1838-1849
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Passeriformes; breeding; climate; color; mating systems; migratory birds; molting; plumage; polygyny; predation; risk; sexual selection
Abstract:
... Some birds undergo seasonal colour change by moulting twice each year, typically alternating between a cryptic, non‐breeding plumage and a conspicuous, breeding plumage (‘seasonal plumage colours’). We test for potential drivers of the evolution of seasonal plumage colours in all passerines (N = 5901 species, c. 60% of all birds). Seasonal plumage colours are uncommon, having appeared on multiple ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13375

18. Examining associations between school food environment characteristics and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Canadian secondary-school students in the COMPASS study

Author:
Katelyn M Godin; Ashok Chaurasia; David Hammond; Scott T Leatherdale
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1928-1940
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Canadians; adolescents; energy drinks; issues and policy; models; nutrition; questionnaires; regression analysis; restaurants; schools; secondary education; soft drinks; students; sugar sweetened beverages; vending machines; Alberta; Ontario
Abstract:
... To examine associations between Canadian adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and several school food environment characteristics, and to investigate differences in these characteristics between schools in provinces with voluntary (Alberta) v. mandatory (Ontario) provincial school nutrition policies. We used a questionnaire to assess the number of weekdays participants consumed ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980018001246
PubMed:
29779507 29779507

19. Food environment, social deprivation and obesity among students from Brazilian public schools

Author:
Maíra Macário de Assis; Maria Alvim Leite; Ariene Silva do Carmo; Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade; Milene Cristine Pessoa; Michele Pereira Netto; Ana Paula Carlos Cândido; Larissa Loures Mendes
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1920-1927
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
adolescents; children; equations; food retailing; food service; foods; models; nutritional status; obesity; public policy; public schools; regression analysis; residential areas; students; supermarkets; Brazil
Abstract:
... To investigate the relationship between social deprivation and the food environment. Furthermore, to evaluate if the food environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity among students in Brazilian public schools. Cross-sectional. For the classification of obesity, weight and height were measured, and the cut-off point of BMI-for-age Z-score >+2 was adopted. Social deprivation level was d ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001800112X
PubMed:
29747717 29747717

20. Forecasting species range dynamics with process‐explicit models: matching methods to applications

Author:
Natalie J. Briscoe; Jane Elith; Roberto Salguero‐Gómez; José J. Lahoz‐Monfort; James S. Camac; Katherine M. Giljohann; Matthew H. Holden; Bronwyn A. Hradsky; Michael R. Kearney; Sean M. McMahon; Ben L. Phillips; Tracey J. Regan; Jonathan R. Rhodes; Peter A. Vesk; Brendan A. Wintle; Jian D.L. Yen; Gurutzeta Guillera‐Arroita
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1940-1956
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
biocenosis; climate; demography; environmental impact; extinction; geographical distribution; invasive species; models; physiology; planning; prediction; refuge habitats; risk
Abstract:
... Knowing where species occur is fundamental to many ecological and environmental applications. Species distribution models (SDMs) are typically based on correlations between species occurrence data and environmental predictors, with ecological processes captured only implicitly. However, there is a growing interest in approaches that explicitly model processes such as physiology, dispersal, demogra ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13348

21. Fruit and vegetable intakes, associated characteristics and perceptions of current and future availability in Dutch university students

Author:
Nicole van den Bogerd; Jolanda Maas; Jacob C Seidell; S Coosje Dijkstra
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1951-1959
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
alcohols; college students; farmers' markets; fruit consumption; fruits; guidelines; healthy diet; lifestyle; males; parents; physical activity; questionnaires; regression analysis; supermarkets; universities; vegetable consumption; vegetable gardens; vegetables; Netherlands
Abstract:
... To investigate fruit and vegetable (F&V) intakes of university students and associated demographic and lifestyle characteristics, and students’ perceptions of F&V availability and F&V intervention strategies in the university environment. Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected; F&V intakes were measured using a food frequency tool. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to a ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001800174X
PubMed:
29998813 29998813

22. Genetic drift in range expansions is very sensitive to density dependence in dispersal and growth

Author:
Gabriel Birzu; Sakib Matin; Oskar Hallatschek; Kirill S. Korolev
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1817-1827
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
carrying capacity; effective population size; genetic drift; genetic variation; population density; population growth
Abstract:
... Theory predicts rapid genetic drift during invasions, yet many expanding populations maintain high genetic diversity. We find that genetic drift is dramatically suppressed when dispersal rates increase with the population density because many more migrants from the diverse, high‐density regions arrive at the expansion edge. When density dependence is weak or negative, the effective population size ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13364

23. How differing modes of non‐genetic inheritance affect population viability in fluctuating environments

Author:
Stephen R. Proulx; Snigdhadip Dey; Thiago Guzella; Henrique Teotónio
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1767-1775
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Caenorhabditis elegans; epigenetics; inheritance (genetics); maternal effect; models; oxygen; phenotype; phenotypic plasticity; population viability; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Different modes of non‐genetic inheritance are expected to affect population persistence in fluctuating environments. We here analyse Caenorhabditis elegans density‐independent per capita growth rate time series on 36 populations experiencing six controlled sequences of challenging oxygen level fluctuations across 60 generations, and parameterise competing models of non‐genetic inheritance in orde ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13355

24. Isotopic niche is not equal to trophic niche

Author:
Nicolas Hette‐Tronquart
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1987-1989
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Herpestidae; ecological differentiation; niches
Abstract:
... The work of Sheppard et al. (Ecol. Lett., 21, 2018, 1395) relies on the strong assumption that isotopic niche is equal to trophic niche. Here I raise three main concerns showing that classic hypotheses built upon trophic niche cannot be directly interpreted in isotopic space. Future studies should always keep isotopic and trophic niches distinct. ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13218

25. Lycopene and Tomato Sauce Improve Hepatic and Cardiac Cell Biomarkers in Rats

Author:
Vanessa Azevedo de Jesuz; Monique de Barros Elias Campos; Vanessa Rosse de Souza; Teresa Palmiciano Bede; Bianca Portugal Tavares de Moraes; Adriana Ribeiro Silva; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves de Albuquerque; Vilma Blondet de Azeredo; Anderson Junger Teodoro
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1175-1182
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
biomarkers; blood glucose; blood serum; cardiovascular diseases; enzymes; fatty liver; flow cytometry; heart; hepatocytes; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; high fat diet; interleukin-1beta; interphase; liver; lycopene; metabolism; mitosis; neoplasms; rats; tomato sauce; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of tomato sauce and lycopene on hepatic and cardiac cell biomarkers in rats fed a high-fat diet. Animals were split into five groups: control group, high-fat group (HG), high-fat tomato sauce group, high-fat lycopene 2 mg, and high-fat lycopene 4 mg. Food and water were offered ad libitum, whereas tomato sauce and lycopene (2 and 4 mg/day) were offered daily for 60 ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.0014

26. Market food diversity mitigates the effect of environment on women’s dietary diversity in the Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU) study, Ethiopia

Author:
Ramya Ambikapathi; Nilupa S Gunaratna; Isabel Madzorera; Simone Passarelli; Chelsey R Canavan; Ramadhani A Noor; Tshilidzi Madzivhandila; Simbarashe Sibanda; Semira Abdelmenan; Amare Worku Tadesse; Yemane Berhane; Lindiwe Majele Sibanda; Wafaie W Fawzi
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2110-2119
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
agroecological zones; data collection; farmers; food availability; food crops; food groups; legumes; livestock; market access; markets; regression analysis; villages; women; Ethiopia
Abstract:
... In Ethiopia, women’s dietary diversity is low, primarily due to poor food availability and access, both at home and market level. The present study aimed to describe market access using a new definition called market food diversity (MFD) and estimate the impact of MFD, crop and livestock diversity on dietary diversity among women enrolled in the Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU) trial. Baseline cro ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001900051X
PubMed:
30994082 30994082

27. Microbial responses to warming enhance soil carbon loss following translocation across a tropical forest elevation gradient

Author:
Andrew T. Nottingham; Jeanette Whitaker; Nick J. Ostle; Richard D. Bardgett; Niall P. McNamara; Noah Fierer; Norma Salinas; Adan J. Q. Ccahuana; Benjamin L. Turner; Patrick Meir
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1889-1899
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
altitude; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon sinks; community structure; enzymes; forest soils; global warming; microbial physiology; models; organic matter; soil carbon; temperature; tropical forests; tropical soils
Abstract:
... Tropical soils contain huge carbon stocks, which climate warming is projected to reduce by stimulating organic matter decomposition, creating a positive feedback that will promote further warming. Models predict that the loss of carbon from warming soils will be mediated by microbial physiology, but no empirical data are available on the response of soil carbon and microbial physiology to warming ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13379

28. Nitrogen limitation inhibits marine diatom adaptation to high temperatures

Author:
María Aranguren‐Gassis; Colin T. Kremer; Christopher A. Klausmeier; Elena Litchman
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1860-1869
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; biodiversity; climate change; ecological function; extinction; nitrogen; phytoplankton; population size; risk; temperature
Abstract:
... Ongoing climate change is shifting species distributions and increasing extinction risks globally. It is generally thought that large population sizes and short generation times of marine phytoplankton may allow them to adapt rapidly to global change, including warming, thus limiting losses of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Here, we show that a marine diatom survives high, previously lethal, ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13378

29. Phenotypic variability promotes diversity and stability in competitive communities

Author:
Daniel S. Maynard; Carlos A. Serván; José A. Capitán; Stefano Allesina
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1776-1786
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
game theory; inheritance (genetics); intraspecific variation; phenotype; phenotypic variation
Abstract:
... Intraspecific variation is at the core of evolutionary theory, and yet, from an ecological perspective, we have few robust expectations for how this variation should affect the dynamics of large communities. Here, by adapting an approach from evolutionary game theory, we show that the incorporation of phenotypic variability into competitive networks dramatically alters the dynamics across ecologic ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13356

30. Platycodon grandiflorus Root Ethanol Extract Induces Lipid Excretion, Lipolysis, and Thermogenesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Author:
Ye Jin Kim; Ri Ryu; Ji-Young Choi; Myung-Sook Choi
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1100-1109
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
Platycodon grandiflorus; adipocytes; animal disease models; beta oxidation; blood; carnitine palmitoyltransferase; diabetes; energy requirements; enzyme activity; epididymis; ethanol; excretion; fatty acid composition; fatty acids; fatty liver; free fatty acids; heat production; high fat diet; hyperlipidemia; lipolysis; obesity; transcriptome; white adipose tissue
Abstract:
... Adipocytes regulate lipid metabolism according to physiological energy requirements. A dysfunctional lipid metabolism can lead to obesity and its complications such as hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In our study, the impact of Platycodon grandiflorus root ethanol extract (PGH) on lipid excretion and thermogenesis-related markers in diet-induced obesity mice was analyzed. Our data ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.4443

31. Predation risk influences food‐web structure by constraining species diet choice

Author:
Hsi‐Cheng Ho; Jason M. Tylianakis; Jonathan X. Zheng; Samraat Pawar
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1734-1745
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
diet; food choices; forage; foraging; mechanistic models; nestedness; predation; risk; risk reduction; trophic levels
Abstract:
... The foraging behaviour of species determines their diet and, therefore, also emergent food‐web structure. Optimal foraging theory (OFT) has previously been applied to understand the emergence of food‐web structure through a consumer‐centric consideration of diet choice. However, the resource‐centric viewpoint, where species adjust their behaviour to reduce the risk of predation, has not been consi ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13334

32. Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation

Author:
Anne Chao; Robert K. Colwell; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Simon Thorn
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1913-1922
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
confidence interval; habitats; landscapes; species abundance; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Progressive habitat transformation causes global changes in landscape biodiversity patterns, but can be hard to quantify. Rarefaction/extrapolation approaches can quantify within‐habitat biodiversity, but may not be useful for cases in which one habitat type is progressively transformed into another habitat type. To quantify biodiversity patterns in such transformed landscapes, we use Hill numbers ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13322

33. Pulsed seaweed subsidies drive sequential shifts in the effects of lizard predators on island food webs

Author:
Jonah Piovia‐Scott; Louie H. Yang; Amber N. Wright; David A. Spiller; Thomas W. Schoener
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1850-1859
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Araneae; diet; field experimentation; food webs; islands; lizards; macroalgae; predators; subsidies; temporal variation
Abstract:
... Most prominent theories of food web dynamics imply the simultaneous action of bottom–up and top–down forces. However, transient bottom‐up effects resulting from resource pulses can lead to sequential shifts in the strength of top–down predator effects. We used a large‐scale field experiment (32 small islands sampled over 5 years) to probe how the frequency and magnitude of pulsed seaweed inputs dr ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13377

34. Resource allocation to growth or luxury consumption drives mycorrhizal responses

Author:
Rohan C. Riley; Timothy R. Cavagnaro; Chris Brien; F. Andrew Smith; Sally E. Smith; Bettina Berger; Trevor Garnett; Rebecca Stonor; Rhiannon K. Schilling; Zhong‐Hua Chen; Jeff R. Powell
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1757-1766
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
Brachypodium distachyon; carbon; genotype; mutualism; mycorrhizal fungi; nitrogen; phenotype; phosphorus; photosynthesis; resource allocation; stoichiometry; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Highly variable phenotypic responses in mycorrhizal plants challenge our functional understanding of plant‐fungal mutualisms. Using non‐invasive high‐throughput phenotyping, we observed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi relieved phosphorus (P) limitation and enhanced growth of Brachypodium distachyon under P‐limited conditions, while photosynthetic limitation under low nitrogen (N) was exacer ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13353

35. Signs of stabilisation and stable coexistence

Author:
Maarten J. E. Broekman; Helene C. Muller‐Landau; Marco D. Visser; Eelke Jongejans; S. J. Wright; Hans de Kroon
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1957-1975
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
competitive exclusion; data collection; empirical research; intraspecific competition; models; population growth; soil-plant interactions
Abstract:
... Many empirical studies motivated by an interest in stable coexistence have quantified negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, or negative plant–soil feedback, but the links between these empirical results and ecological theory are not straightforward. Here, we relate these analyses to theoretical conditions for stabilisation and stable coexistence in classical competition model ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13349

36. Size and density mediate transitions between competition and facilitation

Author:
Hayley Cameron; Tim Coulson; Dustin J. Marshall
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1879-1888
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
demography; life history; models; population dynamics
Abstract:
... Species simultaneously compete with and facilitate one another. Size can mediate transitions along this competition–facilitation continuum, but the consequences for demography are unclear. We orthogonally manipulated the size of a focal species, and the size and density of a heterospecific neighbour, in the field using a model marine system. We then parameterised a size‐structured population model ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13381

37. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics associated with risk behaviour patterns for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: data from the National Health Survey, 2013

Author:
Ana Paula P Duarte; Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues; Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira; Diana Barbosa Cunha; Naiara Ferraz Moreira; Rosely Sichieri; Ana Paula Muraro
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2083-2091
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
alcohol abuse; alcohols; chicken skin; demography; educational status; factor analysis; fruits; gender; health surveys; higher education; household surveys; juices; men; physical activity; red meat; risk behavior; sedentary lifestyle; socioeconomics; soft drinks; sugars; television; variance; vegetables; Brazil
Abstract:
... To identify risk behaviour patterns for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Brazilian population and to investigate associated socio-economic and demographic factors. Factor analysis was used to identify patterns considering the following risk behaviours: consumption of soft drinks/artificial juice, sweet foods, red meat with apparent fat, chicken skin; inadequate consumption of fruits ...
DOI:
10.1017/S136898001900034X
PubMed:
30859926 30859926

38. Sociodemographic patterns of urine sodium excretion and its association with hypertension in Chile: a cross-sectional analysis

Author:
Fanny Petermann-Rocha; Anne Sillars; Rosemary Brown; Lauren Sweeney; Claudia Troncoso; Antonio García-Hermoso; Ana María Leiva; María Adela Martínez; Ximena Diaz-Martínez; Felipe Poblete-Valderrama; Alex Garrido-Mendez; Ximena Cataldo; José Iturra Gonzalez; Carlos Salas; José Lara; Stuart R Gray; Carlos Celis-Morales
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2012-2021
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
adiposity; blood pressure; cross-sectional studies; diabetes; excretion; health status; health surveys; hypertension; issues and policy; lifestyle; metabolic syndrome; public health; regression analysis; sodium; table salt; urinalysis; urine; Chile
Abstract:
... The aim of the study was to determine the main factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and health status) associated with high Na excretion in a representative population of Chile. Na excretion (g/d), a valid marker of Na intake, was determined by urine analysis and Tanaka’s formulas. Blood pressure was measured by trained staff and derived from the mean of three readings recorded aft ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980018003889
PubMed:
30761970 30761970

39. Spatial scaling of population synchrony in marine fish depends on their life history

Author:
Jonatan F. Marquez; Aline Magdalena Lee; Sondre Aanes; Steinar Engen; Ivar Herfindal; Are Salthaug; Bernt‐Erik Sæther
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1787-1796
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
disease transmission; extinction; life history; marine fish; mortality; population dynamics; risk
Abstract:
... The synchrony of population dynamics in space has important implications for ecological processes, for example affecting the spread of diseases, spatial distributions and risk of extinction. Here, we studied the relationship between spatial scaling in population dynamics and species position along the slow‐fast continuum of life history variation. Specifically, we explored how generation time, gro ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13360

40. Standardized Siegesbeckia orientalis L. Extract Increases Exercise Endurance Through Stimulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Author:
Mi-Bo Kim; Changhee Kim; Jae-Kwan Hwang
Source:
Journal of medicinal food 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1159-1167
ISSN:
1557-7600
Subject:
AMP-activated protein kinase; Sigesbeckia; adenosine triphosphate; anti-allergic agents; biogenesis; exercise; high fat diet; immunosuppression; mitochondria; myotubes; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; regulator genes; signal transduction; skeletal muscle
Abstract:
... Siegesbeckia orientalis has been reported to exhibit anti-allergic, anti-infertility, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and immunosuppressive activities. However, there are very few studies describing its stimulatory effects on exercise capacity. This study elucidated whether S. orientalis extract (SOE) standardized to kirenol content can enhance exercise endurance by increasing mitochondrial bio ...
DOI:
10.1089/jmf.2019.4485

41. Subnational variation of stunting, wasting and malnutrition in Chinese primary-school children between 2010 and 2014: urban–rural disparity

Author:
Yanhui Dong; Kristina Bennett; Catherine Jan; Bin Dong; Zhiyong Zou; Peijin Hu; Zhenghe Wang; Zhaogeng Yang; Xijie Wang; Bo Wen; Rongbin Xu; Yanhui Li; Yi Song; Yinghua Ma; Jun Ma
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2043-2054
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Chinese people; childhood; children; cross-sectional studies; elementary students; growth retardation; issues and policy; malnutrition; peers; rural areas; screening; urban population; China
Abstract:
... To examine urban–rural disparity in childhood stunting, wasting and malnutrition at national and subnational levels in Chinese primary-school children in 2010 and 2014. Data were obtained from two nationwide cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2010 and 2014. Malnutrition was classified using the Chinese national ‘Screening Standard for Malnutrition of Children’. All twenty-seven mainland province ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000235
PubMed:
30827292 30827292

42. Transgenerational effects benefit offspring across diverse environments: a meta‐analysis in plants and animals

Author:
Junjie Yin; Ming Zhou; Zeru Lin; Qingshun Q. Li; Yuan‐Ye Zhang
Source:
Ecology letters 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1976-1986
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
ancestry; annuals; data collection; developmental stages; environmental impact; invertebrates; life history; meta-analysis; perennials; plants (botany); progeny; vertebrates
Abstract:
... The adaptive value of transgenerational effects (the ancestor environmental effects on offspring) in changing environments has received much attention in recent years, but the related empirical evidence remains equivocal. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis summarising 139 experimental studies in plants and animals with 1170 effect sizes to investigate the generality of transgenerational effects ac ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13373

43. Validation of a semi-quantitative FFQ for 18-month-old toddlers: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study

Author:
Hui Xian Lim; Jia Ying Toh; Kok Hian Tan; Yap-Seng Chong; Fabian Yap; Keith M Godfrey; Yung Seng Lee; Mary Foong-Fong Chong
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1990-2000
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
Asians; Whites; children; dietitians; energy; food intake; food records; infancy; questionnaires; surveys; toddlers; vitamin A; women; Singapore
Abstract:
... Dietary intake of toddlers has been of growing interest due to its long-term consequences on health. However, previous works have focused largely on Caucasian populations and less is known about Asian toddlers. We aimed to validate a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to assess dietary intakes of 18-month-old toddlers in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort. An FFQ of ninety-four food items, identified based o ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000557
PubMed:
30940257 30940257

44. A comparison of the Health Star Rating and nutrient profiles of branded and generic food products in Sydney supermarkets, Australia

Author:
Dong Hun Kim; Wing Gi Amanda Liu; Anna Rangan; Luke Gemming
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2132-2139
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
audits; foods; nutrient content; saturated fats; sodium; supermarkets; Australia
Abstract:
... To compare the Health Star Rating (HSR) and the nutritional profile of branded and generic packaged foods in Australia. In-store audits of packaged food products capturing data on HSR and nutritional content to analyse differences between branded and generic foods across ten food categories. The audit was conducted in four major supermarket chains across various locations within metropolitan Sydne ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000508
PubMed:
30909987 30909987

45. The perception of school food-service professionals on the implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010: a mixed-methods study

Author:
Zainab Rida; Elisha Hall; Saima Hasnin; Jessie Coffey; Dipti A Dev
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1960-1970
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
National School Lunch Program; USDA; attitudes and opinions; focus groups; food service workers; healthy diet; human resources; professionals; school food service; school meals; schools; self-efficacy; surveys; Nebraska
Abstract:
... To: (i) understand the nutrition attitudes, self-efficacy, knowledge and practices of school food-service personnel (SFP) in Nebraska and (ii) identify potential barriers that schools face in offering healthy school meals that meet the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrition standards. Convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Kindergarten–12th grade schools in Nebraska, USA. SFP (260 survey ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019001174
PubMed:
31010453 31010453

46. A practical model for identification of children at risk of excess energy intake in the developing world

Author:
Pamela S Gaskin; Peter Chami; Justin Ward; Ofelia Gabriela Bernales Solari; Bernd Sing; Maria D Jackson; Hedy Broome
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 1979-1989
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
boys; children; children at risk; cross-sectional studies; elementary students; energy intake; fatty acids; food groups; fruits; girls; models; nutritional adequacy; overweight; portion size; probability; protein sources; screening; sodium; vegetables; Barbados
Abstract:
... We describe diet quality by demographic factors and weight status among Barbadian children and examine associations with excess energy intake (EI). A screening tool for the identification of children at risk of excess EI was developed. In a cross-sectional survey, the Diet Quality Index–International (DQI-I) was used to assess dietary intakes from repeat 24h recalls among 362 children aged 9–10 ye ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000296
PubMed:
30846016 30846016

47. A sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods approach for development and validation of a context-specific knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on micronutrients for literate mothers of school-age children

Author:
Archana Konapur; Madhavan Nair Krishnapillai; Balakrishna Nagalla; SubbaRao M Gavaravarapu
Source:
Public health nutrition 2019 v.22 no.11 pp. 2120-2131
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
caregivers; cooking; diet; eating habits; focus groups; fruits; households; mothers; questionnaires; school children; solar radiation; vegetables; villages; India
Abstract:
... To develop and validate a context-specific comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire for literate mothers on factors affecting micronutrient status of 6–10-year-old children. Sequential exploratory mixed-methods study using focus group discussions (FGD) and psychometric validation. Seven randomly selected villages with >500 households with three to five family members each ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980019000521
PubMed:
31030707 31030707