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1. Aligning conservation efforts with resource use around protected areas

Author:
Nandini Velho; Ruth S. DeFries; Anja Tolonen; Umesh Srinivasan; Aditi Patil
Source:
Ambio 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 160-171
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
assets; conservation areas; cooking; education; forest resources; forests; herd size; household income; households; liquid petroleum gas; livestock; nontimber forest products; poverty; socioeconomic factors; wood
Abstract:
... A large number of economically disadvantaged people live around protected areas. Conservation efforts that focus on poverty alleviation, work on the premise that an increase in household wealth decreases use of forest resources. We surveyed 1222 households across four tiger reserves to test the paradigm that an increase in assets leads to reduced forest use and we also assess the effects of other ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-018-1064-5
PubMed:
29949080
PubMed Central:
PMC6346598

2. Antibacterial effect of orange Monascus pigment against Staphylococcus aureus

Author:
L.H. Feng; Y.Q. Li; G.J. Sun; X.Z. Zhao
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 169-176
ISSN:
1588-2535
Subject:
DNA; Monascus; Staphylococcus aureus; antibacterial properties; cell membranes; pigments; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... The objective of this work was to research the antibacterial effects of orange pigment, which was separated from Monascus pigments, against Staphylococcus aureus. The increase of the diameter of inhibition zone treated with orange pigment indicated that orange pigment had remarkable antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Orange pigment (10 mg ml⁻¹) had a strong destructive effect on the membr ...
DOI:
10.1556/066.2019.48.2.4

3. An Assessment of the Multifunctionality of Integrated Buffer Zones in Northwestern Europe

Author:
Dominik Zak; Marc Stutter; Henning S. Jensen; Sara Egemose; Mette V. Carstensen; Joachim Audet; John A. Strand; Peter Feuerbach; Carl C. Hoffmann; Benjamin Christen; Sandra Hille; Mads Knudsen; Jenni Stockan; Helen Watson; Goswin Heckrath; Brian Kronvang
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 362-375
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agricultural land; amphibians; biodiversity; biomass production; ecosystem services; financial economics; habitats; nutrient uptake; phosphorus; phytomass; pollution load; production functions; rivers; runoff; soil; streams; subsurface flow; temperate zones; tile drainage; total nitrogen; watersheds; wetland plants; Denmark; Great Britain; Northern European region; Sweden
Abstract:
... Integrated buffer zones (IBZs) have recently been introduced in the Northwestern Europe temperate zone to improve delivery of ecosystem services compared with the services associated with long‐established vegetated buffer zones. A common feature of all the studied IBZ sites is that tile drainage, which previously discharged directly into the streams, is now intercepted within the IBZ. Specifically ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.05.0216

4. Baking quality prediction of spelt wheat based on rheological and mixolab parameters

Author:
M. Lacko-Bartošová; P. Konvalina; L. Lacko-Bartošová
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 213-220
ISSN:
1588-2535
Subject:
Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta; amylases; baking; baking quality; breads; climatic factors; cultivars; dough; enzyme activity; falling number; flour; gelatinization; genotype; gluten; prediction; retrogradation; rheological properties; starch
Abstract:
... The aim of this work was to test the potential of Mixolab II in the baking quality prediction of five Triticum spelta L. cultivars grown during growing periods with different climate conditions. Spelt cultivars varied in flour and dough properties examined by indirect baking qualm- indicators (wet gluten content. Falling number. Zelenv sedimentation, farinograph rheological properties, Mixolab par ...
DOI:
10.1556/066.2019.0002

5. Bioactive properties and antioxidant capacity of oils extracted from citrus fruit seeds

Author:
A.C. Silva; N. Jorge
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 196-203
ISSN:
1588-2535
Subject:
Citrus medica; agricultural wastes; antioxidant activity; bioactive compounds; carotenoids; citrus fruits; fatty acid composition; linolenic acid; oxidative stability; pharmaceutical industry; phenolic compounds; phytosterols; raw materials; seed oils; seeds; tocopherols; vegetable oil
Abstract:
... This study aimed at identifying the presence of bioactive compounds and evaluating the antioxidant capacity of oils extracted from citron, kinkan, and orange. Therefore, determination of fatty acid profile, tocopherol and phytosterol composition, phenolic compounds, and total carotenoids was performed in the oils extracted from seeds. To determine the antioxidant capacity, the tests DPPH˙, ABTS˙⁺, ...
DOI:
10.1556/066.2019.48.2.7

6. Bioassay Method for Toxicity Studies of Toxic Bait Formulations to Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Author:
C A Baronio; D Bernardi; M Z Nunes; J Pasinato; F R M Garcia; M Botton
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 356-363
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Ceratitis capitata; adults; artificial diets; bioassays; experimental design; food deprivation; insects; laboratory experimentation; models; spinosad; toxicity; toxicity testing
Abstract:
... The development of appropriate methodologies for bioassays is of paramount importance to study the methodological factors that may interfere in the experimental design. Thus, laboratory bioassays have become increasingly important for the determination of data that are realistic and replicable. The objective of the study was to develop a bioassay methodology with the ready-to-use toxic bait Succes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-018-0653-0

7. Biological values of cultivated mushrooms — A review

Author:
J. Vetter
Source:
Acta alimentaria 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 229-240
ISSN:
1588-2535
Subject:
Agaricus bisporus; Coprinus comatus; Ganoderma lucidum; Lentinula edodes; anticarcinogenic activity; antimicrobial properties; antioxidant activity; chemical composition; flavonoids; functional foods; ganoderic acid; glycemic effect; immune system; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; metabolism; mushrooms; patients; polysaccharides; sodium; sugars
Abstract:
... Cultivated mushrooms are not only valuable foods of our age (functional foods) but contain certain beneficial chemical components (high level of K and P, very low content of Na, considerable quantities of some microelements, high and valuable protein but low fat contents). Some cultivated mushrooms have anti-carcinogenic effects caused first of all by polysaccharides (Lentinan: Lentinula edodes) a ...
DOI:
10.1556/066.2019.48.2.11

8. Braiding kinetics and spectroscopy in photo-catalysis: the spectro-kinetic approach

Author:
Mario J. Muñoz-Batista; María M. Ballari; Anna Kubacka; Orlando M. Alfano; Marcos Fernández-García
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 637-682
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
energy; photocatalysis; spectral analysis; spectroscopy
Abstract:
... The combination of kinetic and spectroscopic tools has become a key scientific methodology for the understanding of catalytic behavior but its application in photocatalysis has inherent difficulties due to the nature of the energy source of the reaction. This review article provides an overview of its use by, first, presenting mechanistically derived kinetic formulations and spectroscopic data han ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8cs00108a

9. Brazilian Legislation Leaning Towards Fast Registration of Biological Control Agents to Benefit Organic Agriculture

Author:
P H B Togni; M Venzon; A C G Lagôa; E R Sujii
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 175-185
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
agroecology; biodiversity conservation; biological control; biological control agents; business enterprises; crop production; ecosystem services; environmental health; food production; human health; humans; insecticides; laws and regulations; markets; organic production; pesticide registration; philosophy; sustainable agriculture; Brazil
Abstract:
... Brazil is one of the main users of chemical pesticides in the world. These products threaten human and environmental health, and many of them are prohibited in countries other than Brazil. This paradigm exists in contrast with worldwide efforts to make the need for food production compatible with biodiversity conservation, preservation of ecosystem services, and human health. In this scenario, the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-019-00675-8

10. Buffer Strips on the Low‐Lying Plain of Veneto Region (Italy): Environmental Benefits and Efficient Use of Wood as an Energy Resource

Author:
Nicola Dal Ferro; Maurizio Borin; Alessandra Cardinali; Raffaele Cavalli; Stefano Grigolato; Giuseppe Zanin
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 280-288
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
agroecosystems; conservation buffers; cost effectiveness; crop production; ecosystem services; energy; farm income; farmers; farms; fuelwood; market value; markets; nonpoint source pollution; pollution control; soil; subsidies; water content; water quality; winter; wood drying; Italy
Abstract:
... Vegetated buffer strips (VBS) are recognized as a cost‐effective way to reduce agricultural nonpoint‐source pollution. In agroecosystems with high field fragmentation, only narrow VBS that partially compromise farmers’ revenue are accepted. This study aimed to identify some ecosystem services as provided by VBS in terms of soil and water quality, and VBS performance in terms of wood for energy pur ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.07.0261

11. CT venography and pathological characterization of crus haemorrhage in Pekin ducks

Author:
Yao Shi; Yaru Zhang; Jiabao Lin; Xinyi Zhu; Zhaofei Xia
Source:
Avian pathology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 148-156
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Pekin; blood coagulation; computed tomography; connective tissues; ducks; erythrocytes; hemorrhage; hindlimbs; histology; mitochondrial membrane; muscles; muscular diseases
Abstract:
... The crus haemorrhage is one of the main causes of carcass defects in Pekin duck processing houses. However, its pathologic features are currently unclear. In order to examine the injury to the hind limb veins and illustrate the pathologic characteristics of crus haemorrhage in Pekin ducks, a total of 68 Pekin ducks with crus haemorrhage (test group) and 10 unaffected ducks (control group) were col ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2018.1559922

12. Changes in gut bacterial communities in canaries infected by Macrorhabdus ornithogaster

Author:
Patrizia Robino; Ilario Ferrocino; Giacomo Rossi; Andrea Dogliero; Valentina Alessandria; Lisa Grosso; Livio Galosi; Clara Tramuta; Luca Cocolin; Patrizia Nebbia
Source:
Avian pathology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 111-120
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Acinetobacter; Lachnospiraceae; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; Propionibacterium; Pseudomonas; Weissella; bacterial communities; canaries; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; digestive system diseases; digestive tract; feces; gastric mucosa; genes; health status; immunostimulants; intestinal microorganisms; lipid metabolism; macrophages; metagenomics; pets; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; yeasts
Abstract:
... Macrorhabdus ornithogaster is an opportunistic yeast that colonizes the gastric mucosa of many avian species. Until now, no studies have focused on the influence of a gastric infection on the balance of the intestinal microbiota of birds. In this study, 44 faecal samples from individual canaries, with and without M. ornithogaster infection, were analysed. The detection of the yeast was evaluated b ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2018.1553294

13. Channelizing Streams for Agricultural Drainage Impairs their Nutrient Removal Capacity

Author:
Gisel C. Booman; Pedro Laterra
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 459-468
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Schoenoplectus californicus; agricultural land; ammonia; basins; crop production; drainage; ecosystems; filters; land suitability; macrophytes; models; nitrates; nutrient excess; nutrients; phosphorus; solutes; streams; Argentina; Pampas region
Abstract:
... In agricultural basins, fluvial ecosystems can work as filters when retaining the nutrient excess from agricultural activities, mitigating the impacts downstream. In frequently flooded areas, like the Pampas Region of Argentina, natural streams are being channelized to reduce flood frequency and intensity, thus increasing land suitability for crop production, but the impact of these interventions ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.07.0264

14. Characterization of the torsional structural properties of feline femurs and surrogate bone models for mechanical testing of orthopedic implants

Author:
Danielle M. Marturello; Feng Wei; Loïc M. Déjardin
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 229-236
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
cats; compliance; descriptive statistics; epoxides; femur; mechanical testing; models; plastic deformation; prostheses; surgery; t-test; torque
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To characterize the torsional structural properties of the feline femur and design a bone model surrogate for mechanical testing of feline orthopedic implants. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION: Paired feline femurs (n = 30) and bone models (8 materials, n = 4/group). METHODS: Femurs were cyclically tested nondestructively in torsion and then loaded to failure. A generic fem ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.13136

15. Chemistry of Natural Organic Matter—The Next Step: Commentary on a Humic Substances Debate

Author:
Satish C. B. Myneni
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 233-235
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
aquatic environment; biochemical pathways; humic substances; sediments; soil
Abstract:
... Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous on the Earth surface and influences every biogeochemical reaction wherever it is present, and its impact on reactions varies with its abundance, structure, and chemistry. Because of decades of field and laboratory studies conducted on NOM in different environments, we are moving away from treating it as a black box to developing molecular structure–based ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2019.02.0002c

16. Chicken endothelial cells are highly responsive to viral innate immune stimuli and are susceptible to infections with various avian pathogens

Author:
Adrien Lion; Evelyne Esnault; Emmanuel Kut; Vanaïque Guillory; Laetitia Trapp-Fragnet; Sébastien M. Soubies; Nathalie Chanteloup; Alisson Niepceron; Rodrigo Guabiraba; Daniel Marc; Nicolas Eterradossi; Sascha Trapp; Pascale Quéré
Source:
Avian pathology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 121-134
ISSN:
1465-3338
Subject:
Eimeria tenella; Escherichia coli; Infectious bursal disease virus; Mardivirus; Protozoa; Toll-like receptor 3; agonists; bird diseases; chickens; cytokines; disease susceptibility; embryo (animal); endothelial cells; endothelium; host-pathogen relationships; immunoblotting; infectious diseases; innate immunity; interferon-alpha; interferon-gamma; mammals; models; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; pathogenesis; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:
... It is well established that the endothelium plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases in mammals. However, little is known about the role of endothelial cells (EC) as targets for avian pathogens and their contribution to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in galliform birds. First, we explored the innate immune response of primary chicken aortic endothelial cel ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079457.2018.1556386

17. Combatting antibiotic-resistant bacteria using nanomaterials

Author:
Akash GuptaA. G. and S. M. contributed equally to the work.; Shazia Mumtaz; Cheng-Hsuan Li; Irshad Hussain; Vincent M. Rotello
Source:
Chemical Society reviews 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 415-427
ISSN:
1460-4744
Subject:
anti-infective agents; antibiotic resistance; bacteria; bacterial infections; human health; nanoparticles; neoplasms; virulent strains
Abstract:
... The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance for pathogenic bacteria constitutes a key threat to human health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently stated that the world is on the verge of entering the “post-antibiotic era”, one where more people will die from bacterial infections than from cancer. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as new tools that can be used ...
DOI:
10.1039/c7cs00748e
PubMed:
30462112
PubMed Central:
PMC6340759

18. Combined Application of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Insecticides in the Control of Leaf-Miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Tomato

Author:
P H S Sabino; A S Negrisoli; V Andaló; C C Filgueiras; A Moino Jr; F S Sales
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 314-322
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Heterorhabditis; Tuta absoluta; additive effect; entomopathogenic nematodes; greenhouses; insecticides; laboratory experimentation; leafminers; mortality; pathogenicity; pesticide application; pupae; soil; tomatoes; viability
Abstract:
... The present research aimed to investigate the compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and registered insecticides for the control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the tomato crop, as well as the susceptibility of pupae of T. absoluta to EPNs combined with different percentages below the recommended dose of compatible chemical insecticides in laboratory conditions ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-018-0643-2

19. Comparison of Transeius montdorensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Other Phytoseiid Mites for the Short-Season Suppression of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Author:
Roselyne M Labbé; Dana Gagnier; Les Shipp
Source:
Environmental entomology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 335-342
ISSN:
1938-2936
Subject:
Amblyseius swirskii; Frankliniella occidentalis; Neoseiulus cucumeris; cages; eggs; greenhouses; instars; laboratory experimentation; oviposition; pepper; pest management; plant establishment; predation; predatory mites; spring; summer; temperate zones; temperature; vapors; winter
Abstract:
... Under winter and early spring greenhouse growing conditions, suppression of thrips by predatory mites can vary considerably on a species basis. For certain mite species, shorter photoperiods, cooler temperatures, and lower vapor pressures translate to reductions in predation, oviposition, and survival. Therefore, predator species need to be assessed simultaneously to identify those most suitable f ...
DOI:
10.1093/ee/nvz017

20. Considerations on the Taxonomy of the Genus Arhuaco Adams and Bernard 1977, and its Relationships with the Genus Pronophila Doubleday [1849] (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Author:
T W Pyrcz; J Lorenc-Brudecka; A Zubek; C Prieto; P Boyer; K Florczyk; B Wacławik; D Lachowska-Cierlik
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2019 v.48 no.2 pp. 302-313
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
Neotropics; Nymphalidae; females; geographical distribution; monophyly; mountains; paraphyly; synapomorphy; taxonomy; Costa Rica; Panama
Abstract:
... Arhuaco Adams & Bernard (1977) is one of the least known genera of Neotropical Satyrinae. It comprises two species and presents an unusual disjunct distribution, with A. ica Adams & Bernard (1977), endemic to the isolated Colombian Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and A. dryadina (Schaus 1913) found in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. Here, the female of A. dryadina is described, and a new gen ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13744-018-0641-4
PubMed:
30414019
PubMed Central:
PMC6443605