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1. Escape of Algae from Frozen Lakes and Ponds

Author:
A. T. Wilson
Source:
Ecology 1965 v.46 no.3 pp. 376
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
lakes; ponds; heat; spring; ice; melting; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Pieces of algal mats are pulled from bottoms of shallow ponds in Antarctica by melting ice in spring. Heat absorbed from the sun by the mats causes the mats to melt the overlying ice and they move to the surface. Once on the surface they dry and are blown away. ...
DOI:
10.2307/1936350

2. Leopard Seal Predation of Adelie Penguins

Author:
R. L. Penney; George Lowry
Source:
Ecology 1967 v.48 no.5 pp. 878-882
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Hydrurga leptonyx; Pygoscelis adeliae; beaches; breeding; ice; penguins; predation; predators; seals; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Systematic observations on a beach at the Cape Crozier, Antarctica Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) rookery provided data on the effects and form of Leopard Seal (Hydruga leptonyx) predation on adult and young penguins. Active predation, involving up to four seals, was observed during 56% of the time with average kill rates of 0.61 birds/hr. Predation rates increased with the height of incoming ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933751

3. Ecology of the Weddell Seal in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Author:
Ian Stirling
Source:
Ecology 1969 v.50 no.4 pp. 573-586
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Pusa hispida; adults; blood serum; breathing; females; genetic variation; habitats; ice; immigration; migratory behavior; parallel evolution; pups; seals; snow; summer; weaning; winter; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Arctic region; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... The object of this paper is to discuss the relationship of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) to its habitat, the fast ice of Antarctica. Movements and distribution of Weddell seals during summer are governed by presence of fast ice and availability of breathing and exit holes. It is suggested that this applies during winter also. Local populations are relatively discrete and there is limit ...
DOI:
10.2307/1936247

4. Microbial and Ecological Investigations of Recent Cinder Cones, Deception Island, Antarctica‐‐A Preliminary Report

Author:
Roy E. Cameron; Robert E. Benoit
Source:
Ecology 1970 v.51 no.5 pp. 802-809
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Bacillus (bacteria); Chlorococcum; Penicillium; algae; anaerobes; bacteria; carbon dioxide; cryptogams; culture media; fungi; lichens; mosses and liverworts; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Cinder cones that arose December 1967 within Telefon Bay, Deception Island, Antarctica, were investigated 1 year later to determine the establishment of microorganisms and cryptogams. Culture media were inoculated to determine the presence and abundance of algae, fungi, heteorotrophic and chemoautotrophic, aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. No mosses or lichens had become establishe ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933972

5. Soil Microorganisms at Paradise Harbor, Antarctica

Author:
William L. Boyd; Irwin Rothenbg; Josephine W. Boyd
Source:
Ecology 1970 v.51 no.6 pp. 1040-1045
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
additives; birds; glucose; peptones; plate count; seawater; soil; soil microorganisms; spore-forming bacteria; summer; thermophilic bacteria; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Bacterial counts were generally higher and molds were much more extensive and widely distributed at Paradise Harbor on the Antarctic Peninsula, well above the Antarctic Circle, than in areas to the south. Thermophilic bacteria were found only in soils that had been disturbed or contaminated by man and other animals. Mesophilic counts on media made with deionized or sea water, with few exceptions, ...
DOI:
10.2307/1933630

6. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Taraxacum (Compositae)

Author:
RICHARDS, A.J.
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 1972 v.65 no.1 pp. 37-45
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
Taraxacum; Afghanistan; Alps region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Sections Naevosa M. P. Chr., Crocea M. P. Chr. and Macrodonta M. P. Chr. are reduced to subsectional rank in section Spectabilia Dahlst. of the genus Taraxacum. Section Arctica Dahlst. (section Laevia (Hand.-Mazz.) Schischk.) is enlarged by including sections Glabra Dahlst., Antarctica Hand.-Mazz. and Pachera v. Soest. Taraxacum gurglense A. J. Richards and T. unicoloratum A. J. Richards (section ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1972.tb00922.x

7. Biological Accommodation in the Benthic Community at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Author:
Paul K. Dayton; Gordon A. Robilliard; Robert T. Paine; Linnea B. Dayton
Source:
Ecological monographs 1974 v.44 no.1 pp. 105-128
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Mycale; adults; benthic organisms; biomass; cell respiration; diet; field experimentation; frequency distribution; ingestion; larvae; mortality; predation; predators; surveys; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... Studies of the benthos between 30 and 60 m at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Sound. Antarctica, reveal an epifaunal community in which sponges and their asteroid and nudibranch predators predominate. Field experiments demonstrated that, with the exception of Mycale accrata, the growth rates of the sponges are too slow to measure in one year. Mycale, however, was observed to increase its mass as much as 67 ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942321

8. An Analysis of the Dynamics of a Weddell Seal Population

Author:
D. B. Siniff; D. P. DeMaster; R. J. Hofman; L. L. Eberhardt
Source:
Ecological monographs 1977 v.47 no.3 pp. 319-335
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
acoustics; adults; breeding; breeding season; females; males; population size; pups; seals; survival rate; weight loss; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... A breeding population of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) was studied annually during the 2 1/2—mo pupping and breeding season in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, from 1969 through 1974. Components of the population were estimated by direct counts of adult ♂ ♂ with pups, by capture—recapture studies of nonparous ♀ ♀ and adult ♂ ♂, and by aerial counting. Total population size was estimated as b ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942520

9. Soil Development on Moraines of Taylor Glacier, Lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica

Author:
J. Pastor; J. G. Bockheim
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1980 v.44 no.2 pp. 341-348
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
B horizons; Cryorthents; X-ray diffraction; aerosols; age of soil; bioactive properties; clay; cold; desert pavement; dry environmental conditions; electrical conductivity; frost; glaciers; ice; ions; iron; lakes; mass movement; mica; microclimate; mirabilite; montmorillonite; pH; permafrost; silt; sodium; sodium chloride; sodium sulfate; soil profiles; vermiculite; weathering; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Soils were examined on moraines deposited by Taylor Glacier in lower Taylor Valley to determine changes in soil properties with time in an environment of extreme cold and aridity and minimal biologic activity. The soils range in age from 200,000 to 2.7-3.5 million years BP. Soil profiles contain a desert pavement over a weakly expressed B horizon, followed by permafrost, which may be “dry” or ice- ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400020027x

10. Production Strategies in Antarctic Inland Waters: Phytoplankton Eco‐Physiology in a Permanently Ice‐Covered Lake

Author:
Warwick F. Vincent
Source:
Ecology 1981 v.62 no.5 pp. 1215-1224
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Chlamydomonas; Chroomonas; Ochromonas; algae; biomass; ecophysiology; ecosystems; euphotic zone; ice; lakes; latitude; light intensity; nitrogen; nutrient availability; phosphorus; photosynthesis; phytoplankton; population growth; primary productivity; summer; temperature; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Three distinct population strategies were observed within the summer algal plankton of Lake Fryxell (Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, 77°35'S, 163°15'E). Phytoplankton immediately under the ice (Ochromonas and Chlamydomonas) were adapted to relatively bright light but were limited by nitrogen availability. A deep maximum of Chroomonas and Pyramimonas was recorded at the bottom of the euphotic z ...
DOI:
10.2307/1937286

11. Structure and Function of Two Antarctic Terrestrial Moss Communities

Author:
R. C. Davis
Source:
Ecological monographs 1981 v.51 no.2 pp. 125-143
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Acari; Collembola; Drepanocladus; Nematoda; Polytrichum; Protozoa; Rotifera; Tardigrada; algae; biomass; community structure; fauna; lichens; microorganisms; mosses and liverworts; organic matter; trophic relationships; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Two bryophyte—dominated communities in the maritime Antarctic are analyzed in terms of the transfer and standing crops of organic matter within them. A moss turf dominated by Polytrichum alpestre and Chorisodontium aciphyllum and a moss carpet composed of Calliergon sarmentosum, Calliergidium austro—stramineum, and Drepanocladus uncinatus with the liverwort Cephaloziella varians were investigated ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937260

12. Soil microbial counts in relation to site characteristics at a subantarctic island

Author:
Smith, V.R.; Steyn, M.G.
Source:
Microbial ecology 1982 v.8 no.3 pp. 253-266
ISSN:
0095-3628
Subject:
islands; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF02011429
PubMed:
24225893

13. Past atmospheric environments revealed by polar ice core studies

Author:
Source:
Hydrological sciences journal 1983 v.28 no.1 pp. 139-153
ISSN:
0262-6667
Subject:
air; bubbles; climatic factors; deformation; environmental impact; ice; mixing; snow; summer; temperature; volcanic activity; Antarctica; Greenland
Abstract:
... The polar ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are unique sedimentary environments which offer valuable information on the climate and atmospheric environment of the past. The prevailing low temperatures, lack of mixing of strata, and relatively high accumulation rates result in high quality records which may be resolved in great detail, frequently at the scale of seasons of the year. Deformatio ...
DOI:
10.1080/02626668309491148

14. An insect introduction to the maritime Antarctic

Author:
BLOCK, W.; BURN, A.J.; RICHARD, K.J.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1984 v.23 no.1 pp. 33-39
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Chironomidae; cold tolerance; cryoprotectants; females; habitats; invertebrates; larvae; midges; population density; supercooling; winter; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Falkland Islands; Georgia
Abstract:
... Although several invertebrates have been introduced by Man into the Antarctic, no holometabolous insects have survived to colonize terrestrial habitats successfully. Data are presented on the survival of populations of a chironomid midge, together with an enchytraeid worm, for 17 years in a maritime Antarctic site at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Both species are thought to have been introdu ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00804.x

15. Lipid, sterol and fatty acid composition of antarctic krill (Euphausia superba dana)

Author:
Fricke, H.; Gercken, G.; Schreiber, W.; Oehlenschlager, J.
Source:
Lipids 1984 v.19 no.11 pp. 821-827
ISSN:
0024-4201
Subject:
fatty acids; krill; sterols; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF02534510

16. Vertical distribution of organic constituents in an Antarctic lake: Lake Vanda

Author:
Matsumoto, G.; Torii, T.; Hanya, T.
Source:
Hydrobiologia 1984 v.111 no.2 pp. 119-126
ISSN:
0018-8158
Subject:
ponds; lakes; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF00008624

17. A statistical analysis of the relationships among viable microbial populations, vegetation, and environment in a subantarctic tundra

Author:
Smith, M.J.; Walton, D.W.H.
Source:
Microbial ecology 1985 v.11 no.3 pp. 245-257
ISSN:
0095-3628
Subject:
plant ecology; microorganisms; nutrient availability; statistical analysis; tundra; biomass production; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF02010603
PubMed:
24221364

18. The winged Antarctic midge Parochlus steinenii (Gerke) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the South Shetland Islands

Author:
EDWARDS, MARION; USHER, MICHAEL B.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1985 v.26 no.1 pp. 83-93
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Chironomidae; instars; larvae; life history; midges; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The morphological variation of adult Parochlus steinenii (Gerke) is described from measurements of two populations from the South Shetland Islands. Morphologically, the population from Ardley Island is significantly larger than the population from Livingston Island, and in both populations variation in forefemur length is generally greater than variation in either antennal or wing length. The fina ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb01553.x

19. Lipids in blue-green algal mats (modern stromatolites) from Antarctic oasis lakes

Author:
Orcutt, D.M.; Parker, B.C.; Lusby, W.R.
Source:
Journal of phycology 1986 v.22 no.4 pp. 523-530
ISSN:
0022-3646
Subject:
lipid content; oases; lakes; Cyanobacteria; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1111/j.1529-8817.1986.tb02496.x

20. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oils from Antarctic krill

Author:
Yamaguchi, K.; Murakami, M.; Nakano, H.; Konosu, S.; Kokura, T.; Yamamoto, H.; Kosaka, M.; Hata, K.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1986 v.34 no.5 pp. 904-907
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
fatty acids; carbon dioxide; krill; oils; extraction; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/jf00071a034

21. Ecological Segregation of Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap Penguins at King George Island, Antarctica

Author:
Wayne Z. Trivelpiece; Susan G. Trivelpiece; Nicholas J. Volkman
Source:
Ecology 1987 v.68 no.2 pp. 351-361
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Aptenodytes patagonicus; Pygoscelis; breeding; breeding season; chicks; feeding frequency; fledglings; foraging; life history; molting; nests; niches; penguins; population size; rearing; reproductive success; summer; sympatry; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Ecological segregation among Adelie, Gentoo, and Chinstrap penguins during summer results from differences in breeding chronology, foraging behaviors, and life history tactics. To determine the importance of these factors in segregating the niches of the three species, we collected data on their population size, breeding success, breeding chronology, feeding frequency, and foraging range. Gentoo P ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939266

22. Phi Thickenings in Fossil Seed Plants from Antarctica

Author:
Michael A. Millay; Thomas N. Taylor; Edith L. Taylor
Source:
IAWA journal v.8 no.3 pp. 191-201
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Angiospermae; Cycadopsida; Triassic period; cambium; conifers; cortex; endodermis; ferns and fern allies; fossils; parenchyma (plant tissue); periderm; phylogeny; roots; secondary phloem; sieve elements; wood; xylem; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Primary anatomy and secondary development is described for two root types from the Fremouw Peak locality (Transantarctic Mts, Antarctica) of early to middle Triassic age. Roots of Antarcticycas have a bilayered cortex with thick surface cuticle, diarch xylem, and a clearIy defined endodermis surrounded by a single cell layer possessing phi thickenings. Secondary development begins with phellern an ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90001046

23. Population Dynamics of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes Weddelli) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Author:
J. Ward Testa; Donald B. Siniff
Source:
Ecological monographs 1987 v.57 no.2 pp. 149-165
ISSN:
0012-9615
Subject:
Pinnipedia; adults; aerial surveys; age structure; breeding; dogs; females; harvesting; humans; ice; immigration; juveniles; least squares; males; population dynamics; population size; pups; seals; summer; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... Population dynamics of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, were studied from 1970 to 1984 using mark—recapture estimation, aerial surveys, age structure and magnitude of harvests, and direct counts of pup production. Similar data from earlier studies were used to reconstruct the history of the population during the period of human presence after 1956. Jolly—Seber estimates of population si ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942622

24. Reighardia sternae (Diesing, 1864) (Pentastomida) from seabirds in Antarctica

Author:
Hoberg, E.P.
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 1987 v.65 no.5 pp. 1289-1291
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
birds; Pentastomida; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1139/z87-203

25. Biology and ecology of the Dusmoecetes Jeannel (Col. Curculionidae) species complex on Marion Island

Author:
Chown, S.L.; Scholtz, C.H.
Source:
Oecologia 1989 v.80 no.1 pp. 93-99
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Coleoptera; islands; phenology; feeding behavior; life cycle (organisms); Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF00789937
PubMed:
23494351

26. Lichens from the Admiralty Bay region, King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)

Author:
Maria Olech
Source:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 1989 v.58 no.3 pp. 493-512
ISSN:
0001-6977
Subject:
lichens; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... 61 Species new to the Admiralty Bay region are reported. Among them 51 are new to King George Island, 35 to the South Shetland archipelago, 15 to the Antarctic zone, and 6 to the Southern Hemisphere. A further 49 species were found at new localities. ...
DOI:
10.5586/asbp.1989.038

27. Mantoniella in antarctic waters including the description of m. antarctica sp. nov. (prasinophyceae)¹

Author:
Marchant, Harvey J.; Buck, Kurt R.; Garrison, David L.; Thomsen, Helge A.
Source:
Journal of phycology 1989 v.25 no.1 pp. 167-174
ISSN:
0022-3646
Subject:
scales (integument); flagellum; Antarctica
Abstract:
... We report the finding of two species of Mantoniella from the Weddell Sen and Prydz Bay, Antarctica. As well as M. squamata, a cosmopolitan species, we describe M. antarctica sp. nov., the second species in this genus. M. antarctica is covered with two distinctive types of discoid scales. The flagella bear only the smaller of the scale types whereas the cell body has both types, the larger overlyin ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.0022-3646.1989.00167.x

28. Pollen evidence for Late Cretaceous differentiation of Proteaceae in southern polar forests

Author:
Dettmann, M.E.; Jarzen, D.M.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1991 v.69 no.4 pp. 901-906
ISSN:
0008-4026
Subject:
Proteaceae; paleobotany; geographical distribution; palynology; plant communities; subalpine forests; Australia; Antarctica; Polar Regions
DOI:
10.1139/b91-116

29. Tertiary Nothofagus (Fagaceae) macrofossils from Tasmania and Antarctica and their bearing on the evolution of the genus

Author:
HILL, ROBERT S.
Source:
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society 1991 v.105 no.1 pp. 73-112
ISSN:
0024-4074
Subject:
Fagaceae; Nothofagus; climate change; evolution; fossils; leaves; new species; temperature; tertiary sediments; Antarctica; Tasmania
Abstract:
... HILL, R. S., 1991. Tertiary Nothofagus (Fagaceae) macrofossils from Tasmania and Antarctica and their bearing on the evolution of the genus. Eight new species of Nothofagus are described from Tertiary deposits in Tasmania and West Antarctica, based on leaves and cupules. Several other species are re-examined. The new species include the first fossil species in the subgenera Brassopora and Nothofag ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1991.tb00200.x

30. Enantioselective determination of chlordane components using chiral high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with application to environmental samples

Author:
Buser, H.R.; Muller, M.D.; Rappe, C.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 1992 v.26 no.8 pp. 1533-1540
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
water pollution; Salmo salar; Pygoscelis; chlordane; chemical analysis; seawater; Halichoerus grypus; toxicity; herring; seals; animal tissues; Antarctica; Sweden; Baltic Sea
DOI:
10.1021/es00032a006

31. Maintenance and culture of living benthic molluscs from high Antarctic shelf areas

Author:
HAIN, S.
Source:
Aquaculture research 1992 v.23 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
Gastropoda; aquariums; molluscs; rearing; reproduction; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Since October 1986 living benthic molluscs from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica (Fig. 1) have been kept alive in aquaria. Special equipment and methods have been used to reduce disturbance and laboratory effects during the long-time rearing. Autecological investigations were carried out on behaviour, reproduction biology and growth of several polyplacophoran, gastropod and bivalve species. ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2109.1992.tb00590.x

32. Photosynthesis, pigments, and chloroplast ultrastructure of an Antarctic liverwort from sun-exposed and shaded sites

Author:
Post, A.; Vesk, M.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1992 v.70 no.11 pp. 2259-2264
ISSN:
0008-4026
Subject:
anthocyanins; solar radiation; thylakoids; light intensity; shade; Bryopsida; carotenoids; photosynthesis; chlorophyll; habitats; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1139/b92-280

33. A recent pollen diagram from Antarctica (King George Island, South Shetland Islands)

Author:
W.O. van der Knaap; Jacqueline F.N. van Leeuwen
Source:
Holocene 1993 v.3 no.2 pp. 169-173
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Nothofagus; climate change; mosses and liverworts; pollen; radiocarbon dating; spores; vascular plants; vegetation; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... A pollen diagram from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, is presented; it is the first from the Antarctic region. A basal radiocarbon date indicates a calibrated age of 300 years or less. Pollen of one or both of the native vascular plants and many long-distance transported types, mainly Nothofagus, are present in all samples. A total of 37 long-distance transported pollen and spore types ...
DOI:
10.1177/095968369300300209

34. Antarctica and the World Park Approach: A Prescription for Change

Author:
Thomas J. Cioppa
Source:
Journal of environment & development v.2 no.2 pp. 155-167
ISSN:
1552-5465
Subject:
conservation areas; ecosystems; environmental management; uncertainty; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The challenge of how best to manage the Antarctic is no small task. The fragility and unenforceability of the existing legal arrangement, coupled with the uncertainty of commercial mineral/hydrocarbon extraction and the need to protect an extremely fragile ecosystem, adds up to a series of dilemmas of immense proportion. This paper argues that the best solution for the continent is to make it into ...
DOI:
10.1177/107049659300200210

35. Diving Behavior During Foraging in Breeding Adelie Penguins

Author:
Mark A. Chappell; Vaughan H. Shoemaker; Donald N. Janes; Theresa L. Bucher; Shane K. Maloney
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.4 pp. 1204-1215
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Pygoscelis adeliae; anaerobiosis; birds; breeding; energy; foraging; oxygen; Antarctica
Abstract:
... We used electronic time depth recorders to examine diving patterns of Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding near Palmer Station, Antarctica. Most hunting dives consisted of a rapid descent to depth, a period of bottom time at near—constant depth, and a rapid ascent to the surface. Most hunting activity occurred in bouts of consecutive dives to similar depths. Adelies foraged at depths betw ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940491

36. The Future of Antarctica under the Environmental Protocol

Author:
Beth C. Marks; James N. Barnes
Source:
Journal of environment & development v.2 no.2 pp. 169-174
ISSN:
1552-5465
Subject:
conservation areas; environmental protection; international cooperation; protocols; treaties; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The continent of Antarctica holds immense value as a wilderness area and a repository of scientific knowledge. This report maintains that the Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection, signed in 1991, is a positive first step in ensuring that Antarctica preserves its status as a global scientific laboratory, wildlife refuge, and arena for international cooperation. ...
DOI:
10.1177/107049659300200211

37. In situ photosynthetic differentiation of the green algal and the cyanobacterial photobiont in the crustose lichen Placopsis contortuplicata

Author:
Schroeter, B.
Source:
Oecologia 1994 v.98 no.2 pp. 212-220
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
photosynthesis; algae; Cyanobacteria; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF00341474

38. The Late-glacial and Holocene vegetation of the Lang Lochs Mire aream Gulberwick, Shetland: a pollen and macrofossil investigation

Author:
Hulme, P.D.; Shirriffs, J.
Source:
New phytologist 1994 v.128 no.4 pp. 793-806
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
paleobotany; paleoecology; vegetation; history; plant communities; old and fossil wood; pollen; palynology; species diversity; flora; geographical distribution; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04040.x

39. Ultrastructure of Lobosphaera reniformis (Watanabe) Komárek et Fott (Chlorellales) from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Author:
A. Massalski; T. Mrozińska; M. Olech
Source:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 1994 v.63 no.2 pp. 205-210
ISSN:
0001-6977
Subject:
Chlorellales; Golgi apparatus; electron microscopy; reproduction; ultrastructure; vegetative cells; Antarctica; Japan
Abstract:
... Lobosphaera reniformis (Wat.) Kom. et Fott (=Chlorella reniformis Wat.) so far known only from Japan, and Papua Island, was for the first time found in Antarctica (King George Island, South Shetland Islands). In laboratory cultures a complete life cycle was obtained, and most of its stages were followed by the electron microscopy. Reproduction is by morphologically different autospores. In some la ...
DOI:
10.5586/asbp.1994.029

40. Discorhabdin alkaloids from the antarctic sponge Latrunculia apicalis

Author:
Yang, A.; Baker, B.J.; Grimwade, J.; Leonard, A.; McClintock, J.B.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1995 v.58 no.10 pp. 1596-1599
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; alkaloids; predators; Asteroidea; secondary metabolites; spectral analysis; molecular conformation; pest resistance; pigments; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np50124a020

41. Efforts to reduce stratospheric ozone loss affect agriculture

Author:
Weare, B.C.
Source:
California agriculture 1995 v.49 no.3 pp. 24-27
ISSN:
0008-0845
Subject:
international agreements; environmental law; freons; chemical reactions; costs and returns; ozone; chlorofluorocarbons; health hazards; global warming; refrigeration; fumigants; agriculture; ultraviolet radiation; methyl bromide; ozone depletion; Antarctica
DOI:
10.3733/ca.v049n03p24

42. Isolation and identification of a stilbene derivative from the antarctic sponge Kirkpatrickia variolosa

Author:
Jayatilake, G.S.; Baker, B.J.; McClintock, J.B.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1995 v.58 no.12 pp. 1958-1960
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; animal products; stilbenes; spectral analysis; molecular conformation; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np50126a028

43. On the composition of sulfated polyhydroxysteroids in some ophiuroids and the structure determination of six new constituents

Author:
D'Auria, M.V.; Paloma, L.G.; Minale, L.; Riccio, R.; Zampella, A.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1995 v.58 no.2 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; steroids; spectral analysis; chemical structure; Echinodermata; Spain; Italy; Antarctica; Bahamas
DOI:
10.1021/np50116a005

44. Photoinhibition in the Antarctic moss Grimmia antarctici Card. when exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing

Author:
Lovelock, C.E.; Osmond, C.B.; Seppelt, R.D.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1995 v.18 no.12 pp. 1395-1402
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
freezing; fluorescence; photoinhibition; mosses and liverworts; photosystem II; Bryopsida; chlorophyll; thawing; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Freezing and thawing of the endemic moss species Grimmia antarctic) Card. caused photoinhibition. When snow cover was removed from moss in the field, resulting in exposure to fluctuating temperatures and light conditions, photoinhibition, measured as a reduction in the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll alpha fluorescence (Fv/Fm), was observed. The extent of photoinhibition was highly variab ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00200.x

45. Phytoplankton nutrient deficiency in lakes of the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica

Author:
PRISCU, JOHN C.
Source:
Freshwater biology 1995 v.34 no.2 pp. 215-227
ISSN:
0046-5070
Subject:
Vanda; bioassays; carbon; chemical reactions; chlorophyll; dissolved inorganic nitrogen; ice; lakes; nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide; nutrient deficiencies; phosphorus; photosynthesis; phytoplankton; summer; valleys; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... 1. The influence of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on phytoplankton photosynthesis was investigated in Lakes Bonney (east and west lobes), Hoare, Fryxell and Vanda, which lie in the ablation valleys adjacent to McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Bioassay experiments were conducted during the austral summer on phytoplankton populations just beneath the permanent ice cover in all lakes and on ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00882.x

46. Reversible photoinhibition in antarctic moss during freezing and thawing

Author:
Lovelock, C.E.; Jackson, A.E.; Melick, D.R.; Seppelt, R.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 955-961
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; fluorescence; freeze-thaw cycles; photoinhibition; biochemical pathways; enzyme inhibitors; photosystem II; zeaxanthin; mosses and liverworts; temperature; chlorophyll; cold tolerance; violaxanthin; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Tolerance of antarctic moss to freezing and thawing stress was investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Freezing in darkness caused reductions in Fv/Fm (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence) and Fo (initial fluorescence) that were reversible upon thawing. Reductions in Fv/Fm and Fo during freezing in darkness indicate a reduction in the potential efficiency of photosystem II that may be ...

47. The invasion of the carnivorous carabid beetle Trechisibus antarcticus on South Georgia (sub-Antarctic) and its effect on the endemic herbivorous beetle Hydromedion spasutum

Author:
Ernsting, G.; Block, W.; MacAlister, H.; Todd, C.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.103 no.1 pp. 34-42
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
introduced species; life cycle (organisms); larvae; Carabidae; predator-prey relationships; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328422

48. Triassic Wood from the Gordon Valley, Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Author:
Georgina M. Dei Fueyo; Edith L. Taylor; Thomas N. Taylor; N. Rubén Cúneo
Source:
IAWA journal v.16 no.2 pp. 111-126
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Podocarpaceae; Triassic period; cortex; forests; mountains; old and fossil wood; parenchyma (plant tissue); pith; tracheids; trees; wood anatomy; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Wood from an in situ permineralized forest from the Middle Triassic of Gordon Valley (Queen Alexandra Range, central Transantarctic Mountains) in Antarctica is described as a new taxon, Approximately 100 trunks in growth position are present at the site; they range from 13-61 cm in diameter and suggest that some of the trees were up to 20 m tall, Pits in the radial walls of the tracheids are of th ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90001398

49. Water relations in lichens at subzero temperatures: structural changes and carbon dioxide exchange in the lichen Umbilicaria aprina from continental Antarctica

Author:
BURKHARD SCHROETER; CHRISTOPH SCHEIDEGGER
Source:
new phytologist 1995 v.131 no.2 pp. 273-285
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Umbilicaria; carbon dioxide; freezing; gas exchange; ice nucleation; lichens; photosynthesis; primary productivity; scanning electron microscopy; snow; temperature; water content; water potential; water uptake; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Photosynthetic activity and structural changes at subzero temperatures were monitored in the foliose lichen Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. from continental Antarctica. Carbon dioxide gas exchange measurements revealed that net photosynthesis and dark respiration occurred at subzero temperatures regardless of whether a lichen thallus saturated with liquid water was exposed to subzero temperatures, or if a ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb05729.x

50. Weight of the Evidence is the Right Approach

Author:
Joseph L. Jacobson
Source:
Ecological applications 1995 v.5 no.2 pp. 311
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
Crustacea; Polychaeta; animals; anthropogenic activities; benthic organisms; community structure; field experimentation; freezing; habitats; ice; icebergs; latitude; life history; marine sediments; pollution control; polychlorinated biphenyls; species diversity; weight-of-evidence; Antarctic region; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... Sampling and field experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1990 to test how the structure of marine benthic communities around McMurdo Station, Antarctica varied with levels of anthropogenic contaminants in marine sediments. The structure of communities (e.g., infauna density, species composition, and life history characteristics) in contaminated and uncontaminated areas were compared with the str ...
DOI:
10.2307/1942024

51. Aerial dispersal of lichen soredia in the maritime Antarctic

Author:
Marshall, W.A.
Source:
New phytologist 1996 v.134 no.3 pp. 523-530
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
relative humidity; spore dispersal; air temperature; ascospores; height; wind speed; air microbiology; lichens; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04370.x

52. An experimental study of growth in relation to morphology and shoot water content in maritime Antarctic mosses

Author:
J. A. FOWBERT
Source:
new phytologist 1996 v.133 no.2 pp. 363-373
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
shoots; plant morphology; biomass; leaves; water content; turgor; weight; mosses and liverworts; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The dependence of shoot growth and growth form on water availability was studied experimentally in six species of maritime Antarctic moss. Under all conditions the largest growth increments were observed in the hydric species Brachythecium austro‐salebrosum and Drepanocladus uncinatus. The xeric Andreaea depressinervis grew the least. Lateral shoot production varied within and between species. Ove ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01903.x

53. Characterization and transformation of plasmid pAA-1 found in an antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterium

Author:
Gliesche, C.G.; Jendrach, M.; Peissl, K.; Siebert, J.; Hirsch, P.
Source:
Canadian journal of microbiology 1996 v.42 no.6 pp. 571-576
ISSN:
0008-4166
Subject:
genetic transformation; soil bacteria; restriction mapping; drug resistance; plasmids; ampicillin; psychrophilic bacteria; chromium; metal tolerance; habitats; Gram-positive bacteria; sandstone; electroporation; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1139/m96-077

54. Metabolites from an antarctic sponge-associated bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author:
Jayatilake, G.S.; Thornton, M.P.; Leonard, A.C.; Grimwade, J.E.; Baker, B.J.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1996 v.59 no.3 pp. 293-296
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
endophytes; chemical composition; alkaloids; antibiotics; culture filtrates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; piperazines; molecular conformation; Gram-positive bacteria; metabolites; antibacterial properties; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np960095b
PubMed:
8882433

55. Response of pioneer soil microalgal colonists to environmental change in Antarctica

Author:
Wynn-Williams, D.D.
Source:
Microbial ecology 1996 v.31 no.2 pp. 177-188
ISSN:
0095-3628
Subject:
cold zones; algae; global warming; community ecology; Cyanobacteria; ozone depletion; Antarctica
Abstract:
... There is increasing evidence of climate change in Antarctica, especially elevated temperature and ultraviolet B (UVB) flux within the ozone "hole." Its origins are debatable, but the effects on ice recession, water availability, and summer growth conditions are demonstrable. Light-dependent, temperature-sensitive, fast-growing organisms respond to these physical and biogeographical changes. Microa ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00167863
PubMed:
24185741

56. Seasonal variation in respiratory and photosynthetic parameters in three mosses from the maritime Antarctic

Author:
Davey, M.C.; Rothery, P.
Source:
Annals of botany 1996 v.78 no.6 pp. 719-728
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
interspecific variation; mathematical models; equations; gas exchange; air temperature; light intensity; mosses and liverworts; seasonal variation; water content; photosynthesis; chlorophyll; habitats; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Carbon fixation under controlled conditions was measured in three mosses from the maritime Antarctic using an infra-red gas analysis system. Gas exchange parameters were determined during each season in 1993 and 1994 using the Arrhenius equation and a hyperbolic tangent function applied to respiration and photosynthesis, respectively. Environmental data was collected in 1994 for comparison. All se ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1996.0182

57. Some observations on Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) mortality in East Antarctica

Author:
McFarlane, R.A.
Source:
Avian pathology 1996 v.25 no.1 pp. 187-190
ISSN:
0307-9457
Subject:
wounds and injuries; Pygoscelis; mortality; necropsy; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The postmortem findings of an adult male Adelie penguin found at Magnetic Island, East Antarctica, demonstrating a premortem wound in addition to those consistent with an attack and scavenging by south polar skuas, are described. Other causes of mortality are discussed. ...
DOI:
10.1080/03079459608419134
PubMed:
18645851

58. The 1996 Antarctic ozone hole

Author:
Hofmann, D.J.
Source:
Nature 1996 v.383 no.6596 pp. 129
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
spring; ozone depletion; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1038/383129a0

59. Wound Response in Fossil Trees from Antarctica and its Potential as a Paleoenvironmental Indicator

Author:
Michelle K. Putz; Edith L. Taylor
Source:
IAWA journal v.17 no.1 pp. 77-88
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Triassic period; cambium; charcoal; ecosystems; fires; floods; fossils; growth rings; ice; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; periderm; stems; trees; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Numerous permineralized axes of Middle Triassic age from Fremouw Peak, Antarctica show evidence of mechanical wounding and wound responses. These consist of both elongate and triangular-shaped scars. Some scars can be detected beneath subsequent secondary xylem, indicating that wounding occurred early in stem development. In other stems, scars remained open suggesting late wounding and the permane ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90000627

60. A comparison of strains of Xanthonema (= Heterothrix, Tribonematales, Xanthophyceae) from Antarctica, Europe, and New Zealand

Author:
Paul A. Broady; Shuji Ohtani; Manfred Ingerfeld
Source:
Phycologia 1997 v.36 no.2 pp. 164-171
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Tribonematales; chloroplasts; light microscopy; nuclear membrane; salinity; salt tolerance; transmission electron microscopy; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Europe; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Seventeen strains of Xanthonema Silva (Tribonematales, Xanthophyceae) are examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and their salinity tolerance is investigated. Ten strains are from Antarctica where the genus is poorly known. These strains are compared with two strains from New Zealand and five from Europe, including the only existing authentic strains of three species. S ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-36-2-164.1

61. Determination of trace metals complexed with humic acids in Antarctic marine sediments

Author:
Emanuele Magi
Source:
Chemical speciation and bioavailability 1997 v.9 no.2 pp. 67-70
ISSN:
0954-2299
Subject:
chromium; copper; humic acids; manganese; marine environment; marine sediments; nickel; solubility; spectrometers; spectrophotometers; zinc; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Humic acids play an important role in the solubility, mobility and accumulation of trace metals in marine environment. Nine sediment samples collected in Terranova Bay, Antarctica, have been treated in order to extract the metal—humic acid complexes. The concentration of humic acids was measured with a spectrophotometric method while five trace metals, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn were determined by mean ...
DOI:
10.1080/09542299.1997.11083287

62. Effects of a rapid, unseasonal rewetting event on mineral location in Antarctic lichens

Author:
MARK HOVENDEN
Source:
new phytologist 1997 v.137 no.2 pp. 241-246
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
interspecific variation; rehydration; spatial distribution; calcium; ambient temperature; magnesium; rain; potassium; sodium; cell membranes; ice; mineral content; lichens; Antarctica
Abstract:
... During the middle of the 1992 austral winter in the northern Windmill Islands, continental Antarctica, a highly unusual climatic event occurred in which the air temperature exceeded 0°C for some 60 h, at the end of which there was a significant rain shower before the ambient temperature returned to subzero conditions. This event caused most of the snow cover to melt and refreeze as clear ice. Lich ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00785.x

63. Growth and photosynthesis of the Antarctic red algae Palmaria decipiens (Palmariales) and Iridaea cordata (Gigartinales) during and following extended periods of darkness

Author:
G. Weykam; D. N. Thomas; C. Wiencke
Source:
Phycologia 1997 v.36 no.5 pp. 395-405
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Iridaea; Palmaria; algae; carbon; carbon dioxide fixation; chlorophyll; chronic exposure; early development; ice cover; lighting; oxygen production; photosynthesis; scotophase; sea ice; specific growth rate; spring; starch; summer; winter; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Physiological and developmental responses during and following long-term exposure to darkness were investigated in the Antarctic red algae Palmaria decipiens (Reinsch) Ricker and Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory. Thalli were kept in darkness for a period of 6 mo, simulating winter sea ice cover. Subsequently, they were grown illuminated under seasonally fluctuating Antarctic daylengths. During darkne ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-36-5-395.1

64. Hepatophytes from the early cretaceous of Alexander Island, Antarctica: systematics and paleoecology

Author:
Cantrill, D.J.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.4 pp. 476-488
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
paleobotany; Marchantiaceae; mosses and liverworts; new species; plant morphology; plant ecology; paleoecology; community ecology; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1086/297458

65. Interspecific variation in respiratory and photosynthetic parameters in Antarctic bryophytes

Author:
MARTIN C. DAVEY; PETER ROTHERY
Source:
new phytologist 1997 v.137 no.2 pp. 231-240
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
interspecific variation; solar radiation; air temperature; photoinhibition; light intensity; carbon; Bryopsida; habitats; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Rates of carbon flux in 14 species of Antarctic bryophytes were measured under controlled conditions using an infra‐red gas analysis system. The results were used to produce estimates of mode! parameters for respiration and photosynthesis. The relationships between respiration, photosynthesis, irradiance and temperature followed standard patterns. Temperature optima for gross and net photosynthesi ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00805.x

66. Intraspecific variation of Taeniate bisaccate pollen within Permian glossopterid sporangia, from the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica

Author:
Lindstrom, S.; McLoughlin, S.; Drinnan, A.N.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 1997 v.158 no.5 pp. 673-684
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
age; plant morphology; phenotypic variation; pollen; Gymnospermae; paleobotany; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1086/297479

67. Isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of the steroid oligoglycosides and polyhdroxysteroids from the Antarctic starfish Acodontaster conspicuus

Author:
De Marino, S.; Iorizzi, M.; Zoolo, F.; Minale, L.; Amsler, C.D.; Baker, B.J.; McClintock, J.B.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1997 v.60 no.10 pp. 959-966
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; steroids; invertebrates; antifouling agents; spectral analysis; anti-infective agents; glycosides; chemical structure; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np9700578

68. Open‐top designs for manipulating field temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems

Author:
G.M. MARION; G.H.R. HENRY; D.W. FRECKMAN; J. JOHNSTONE; G. JONES; M.H. JONES; E. LÉVESQUE; U. MOLAU; P. MØLGAARD; A.N. PARSONS; J. SVOBODA; R.A. VIRGINIA
Source:
Global change biology 1997 v.3 no.S1 pp. 20-32
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
air temperature; cooling; ecosystems; growing season; heat; plant growth; snow; snowmelt; soil temperature; vegetation; wind speed; Antarctica; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Passive open‐top devices have been proposed as a method to experimentally increase temperature in high‐latitude ecosystems. There is, however, little documentation on the efficacy of these devices. This paper examines the performance of four open‐top chambers for altering temperature at six sites in the Arctic and Antarctica. Most of the heating effect was due to daytime warming above ambient; occ ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb136.x

69. Poultry virus infection in Antarctic penguins

Author:
Gardner, H.; Kerry, K.; Riddle, M.; Brouwer, S.; Gleeson, L.
Source:
Nature 1997 v.387 no.6630 pp. 245
ISSN:
0028-0836
Subject:
Sphenisciformes; Infectious bursal disease virus; occurrence; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1038/387245a0
PubMed:
9153386

70. Properties and Classification of Cold Desert Soils from Antarctica

Author:
J. G. Bockheim
Source:
Soil Science Society of America journal 1997 v.61 no.1 pp. 224-231
ISSN:
0361-5995
Subject:
permafrost; soil taxonomy; cold zones; weathering; soil physical properties; desert soils; soil profiles; soil salts; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Eight pedons representing three climatic zones and parent materials ranging from Holocene to Pliocene were characterized from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. All of the soils contain abundant water-soluble salts, including NaCl in coastal regions, NaNO₃ along the polar plateau, and Na₂SO₄ in intermediate areas. The salts originate primarily from atmospheric deposition and accumulate linearly ...
DOI:
10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010031x

71. Soil organic matter of suggested spodic horizons in relic ornithogenic soils of coastal continental antarctica (casey station, wilkes land) in comparison with that of spodic soil horizons in germany

Author:
Lothar Beyer; Heike Knicker; Hans-Peter Blume; Manfred Bölter; Birgit Vogt; Dieter Schneider
Source:
Soil science 1997 v.162 no.7 pp. 518-527
ISSN:
0038-075X
Subject:
temperate soils; animal manures; soil organic matter; Sphenisciformes; soil physical properties; temperate zones; carbon nitrogen ratio; spodic horizons; soil formation; Antarctica; Germany
Abstract:
... In Antarctica, ornithogenic soils from penguin guano play an important role in nutrient cycles in the ecosystem. Soil organic matter (SOM) degradation and translocation are the main determinants of these dynamics, of which podzolization is probably one, in ornithogenic soil. The purpose of this study is to describe the SOM in the older ornithogenic soils of Coastal Continental Antarctica in order ...
DOI:
10.1097/00010694-199707000-00007

72. Taxonomic investigations of palynomorphs from the Byers group (Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous), Livingston and Snow islands, Antarctic Peninsula

Author:
Ailbhe M. Duane
Source:
Palynology 1997 v.21 no.1 pp. 123-144
ISSN:
1558-9188
Subject:
Cretaceous period; Miozoa; islands; milling; new species; paleoceanography; palynology; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Two new palynomorph taxa are described, and several existing taxa are discussed from the Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous Byers Group of Livingston and Snow islands, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Oligosphaeridium byersense sp. nov., a dinoflagellate cyst species, is found in the Valanginian interval of the Byers Group. Globorotundata acrita gen. et sp. nov., apalynomorph of unknown a ...
DOI:
10.1080/01916122.1997.9989491

73. Tectonic plate movements and the evolution of Jasus and Panulirus spiny lobsters (Palinuridae)

Author:
George, R.W.
Source:
Marine & freshwater research 1997 v.48 no.8 pp. 1121-1130
ISSN:
1323-1650
Subject:
Jasus; Panulirus; evolution; genetic variation; habitats; islands; larvae; lobsters; monsoon season; runoff; tectonics; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Australia; India; Indian Ocean; New Zealand; South Africa; Tasman Sea
Abstract:
... Jasus is at least as old as early Miocene (20 Ma). Genetic differentiation between J. verreauxi in Australia and New Zealand indicates larval isolation across the northern Tasman Sea following a northward retreat of a strong south-flowing warm current. After South Africa and Australia separated from Antarctica, stocks of the temperate J. lalandii subgroup of three species became genetically isolat ...
DOI:
10.1071/MF97202

74. Adaptation to low temperature and regulation of gene expression in antarctic psychrotrophic bacteria

Author:
Malay K Ray; G Seshu Kumar; Kamala Janiyani; K Kannan; Pratik Jagtap; Malay K Basu; S Shivaji
Source:
Journal of biosciences 1998 v.23 no.4 pp. 423-435
ISSN:
0250-5991
Subject:
cold; enzymes; freezing; gene expression regulation; mesophilic microorganisms; psychrotrophic bacteria; temperature; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Exposure to extremes of temperatures cause stresses which are sometimes lethal to living cells. Microorganisms in nature, however, are extremely diverse and some of them can live happily in the freezing cold of Antarctica. Among the cold adapted psychrotrophs and psychrophiles, the psychrotrophic bacteria are the predominant forms in the continental Antarctica. In spite of living in permanently co ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02936136

75. An assessment of the relationship between chlorophyll a fluorescence and CO2 gas exchange from field measurements on a moss and lichen

Author:
Green, T.G.A.; Schroeter, B.; Kappen, L.; Seppelt, R.D.; Maseyk, K.
Source:
Planta 1998 v.206 no.4 pp. 611-618
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
carbon dioxide; fluorescence; gas exchange; air temperature; light intensity; mosses and liverworts; electron transfer; field experimentation; photosynthesis; chlorophyll; lichens; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The relationship between CO2 exchange and relative electron-transport rate through photosystem II (ETR, measured using chlorophyll a fluorescence) was determined for a moss and a green algal lichen, photobiont probably Trebouxia sp., in the field in Antarctica. Net photosynthesis (NP) and dark respiration (DR) were measured over temperatures from zero to 25 degrees C and gross photosynthesis (GP) ...
DOI:
10.1007/s004250050439

76. Background Levels of Metals in Soils, McMurdo Station, Antarctica

Author:
Alan B. Crockett
Source:
Environmental monitoring and assessment 1998 v.50 no.3 pp. 289-296
ISSN:
0167-6369
Subject:
correlation; metals; people; polychlorinated biphenyls; remediation; sediments; soil; wastes; Antarctica
Abstract:
... McMurdo Station is the largest research station in Antarctica, with a population that ranges each year from 250 to 1200 people. Because of its size and 40-year history of use, a number of locations around the station have become contaminated with wastes. Soils and sediments in these areas have been shown to contain elevated levels of petroleum-related products, PCBs, other organics, and metals. Wh ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1005837100718

77. Latitudinal variation in allocation to reproduction by the Antarctic oribatid mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus

Author:
Convey, P.
Source:
Applied soil ecology 1998 v.9 no.1/3 pp. 93-99
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
volume; ova; fecundity; geographical variation; Sarcoptiformes; latitude; length; females; Antarctica; Falkland Islands; South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

78. Nutrient exchange in an Antarctic macrolichen during summer snowfall-snow melt events

Author:
Crittenden, P.D.
Source:
New phytologist 1998 v.139 no.4 pp. 697-707
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
inorganic ions; snowmelt; wind; nutrient availability; calcium; cations; ammonium compounds; magnesium; snow; potassium; summer; phosphates; biogeochemical cycles; photosynthesis; nitrates; lichens; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00236.x

79. Photophysiological evidence of nutrient limitation of platelet ice algae in mcmurdo sound, antarctica

Author:
Robinson, Dale H.; Arrigo, Kevin R.; Kolber, Zbigniew; Gosselin, Michel; Sullivan, Cornelius W.
Source:
Journal of phycology 1998 v.34 no.5 pp. 788-797
ISSN:
0022-3646
Subject:
Bacillariophyta; habitats; ice; microalgae; nutrient content; photosystem II; spring; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound
Abstract:
... Seasonally changing photophysiological and biochemical characteristics of sea ice microalgae are interpreted with respect to light availability and measurements of nutrient concentration made at high vertical resolution (12.5 cm) during a dense bloom in the platelet ice layer of McMurdo Sound during a 6-week study in austral spring of 1989. Platelet ice algae remained highly shade adapted througho ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1529-8817.1998.340788.x

80. Potential for biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil from the Ross Dependency, Antarctica

Author:
Aislabie, J.; McLeod, M.; Fraser, R.
Source:
Applied microbiology and biotechnology 1998 v.49 no.2 pp. 210-214
ISSN:
0175-7598
Subject:
bacteria; biodegradation; electrical conductivity; fuel oils; hexadecane; mineralization; naphthalene; nitrogen; nutrients; oil spills; polluted soils; soil sampling; water content; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Oil spills occur in the Antarctic when fuel oils such as JP8 jet fuel are moved or stored. Hydrocarbons, both n-alkanes and aromatic compounds, have been detected in oil-contaminated soils of the Ross Dependency. In such areas hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, if naturally occurring, could be used for clean-up. Soil samples from oil-impacted and control sites were analysed for hydrocarbon-degrading ...
DOI:
10.1007/s002530051160

81. Purine and nucleoside metabolites from the Antarctic sponge Isodictya erinacea

Author:
Moon, B.; Baker, B.J.; McClintock, J.B.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1998 v.61 no.1 pp. 116-118
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; purines; nucleosides; metabolites; spectral analysis; chemical structure; antifeedants; predators; benthic organisms; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np970358h
PubMed:
9461659

82. Starfish saponins. 55. Isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of the steroid oligoglycosides from an Antarctic starfish of the family Asteriidae

Author:
De Marino, S.; Iorizzi, M.; Palagiano, E.; Zollo, F.; Roussakis, C.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1998 v.61 no.11 pp. 1319-1327
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
chemical composition; saponins; spectral analysis; chemical structure; medicinal properties; antineoplastic agents; lung neoplasms; carcinoma; aquatic invertebrates; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np970500e
PubMed:
9834144

83. Tetrahydropyran monoterpenes from Plocamium cartilagineum and Pantoneura plocamioides

Author:
Ceuto, M.; Darias, J.; Rovirosa, J.; San Martin, A.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1998 v.61 no.12 pp. 1466-1468
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
monoterpenoids; Rhodophyta; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants; chemical structure; stereochemistry; Antarctica; Chile
DOI:
10.1021/np9800093

84. Unusual polyoxygenated monoterpenes from the Antarctic alga Pantoneura plocamioides

Author:
Cueto, M.; Darias, J.; Rovirosa, J.; San Martin, A.
Source:
Journal of natural products 1998 v.61 no.1 pp. 17-21
ISSN:
0163-3864
Subject:
monoterpenoids; Rhodophyta; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants; chemical structure; stereochemistry; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1021/np9601162

85. A diatom-based palaeosalinity history of Ace Lake, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica

Author:
Donna Roberts; Andrew McMinn
Source:
Holocene 1999 v.9 no.4 pp. 401-408
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; carbon; evaporation; freshwater; glaciation; hypersalinity; lakes; plankton; radionuclides; salts; sea level; sediments; stratigraphy; watersheds; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... A comprehensive diatom stratigraphy is used to calculate a palaeosalinity history for an Antarctic lake via an established diatom-salinity transfer function for the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. A sediment core taken from Ace Lake in 1995 shows three distinct changes in diatom assemblage constituents: initial benthic hyposaline – freshwater taxa are replaced by marine planktonic and sea-ice taxa wit ...
DOI:
10.1191/095968399671725699

86. A taxonomic and systematic revision of the genus Muelleria (Bacillariophyta)

Author:
S. A. Spaulding; J. P. Kociolek; D. Wong
Source:
Phycologia 1999 v.38 no.4 pp. 314-341
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; geographical distribution; lectotypes; light microscopy; monophyly; new combination; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Argentina; Iceland
Abstract:
... The genus Muelleria (Frenguelli) Frenguelli is considered in taxonomic, systematic, and biogeographic contexts. Muelleria is a small genus composed of 15 known species. In the present report, four species are newly described (M. algida S.A. Spaulding et Kociolek sp. nov., M. luculenta S.A. Spaulding et Kociolek sp. nov., M. variolata S.A. Spaulding et Kociolek sp. nov., and M. varipunctata S.A. Sp ...
DOI:
10.2216/i0031-8884-38-4-314.1

87. Aspects of the Ecology of South Polar Skuas Catharacta maccormicki at Hop Island, Rauer Group, East Antarctica

Author:
F.I. Norman; S.J. Ward
Source:
Emu 1999 v.99 no.3 pp. 176-190
ISSN:
1448-5540
Subject:
Fulmarus; Pygoscelis adeliae; Stercorariidae; breeding; chicks; ecology; foraging; nesting; penguins; reproductive success; seabirds; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Aspects of the ecology of South Polar Skuas Catharacta maccormicki were investigated at Hop Island, Rauer Group, East Antarctica between December 1990 and February 1991. Data were obtained from pairs across the island generally for comparison with skuas (fringe-dwellers) nesting away from Adélie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colonies. While most defended territories included colonies of Adélie Pengui ...
DOI:
10.1071/MU99021

88. Bi-polar ocean linkages: evidence from late-Holocene Antarctic marine and Greenland ice-core records

Author:
E. W. Domack; P. A. Mayewski
Source:
Holocene 1999 v.9 no.2 pp. 247-251
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Holocene epoch; basins; ice; marine sediments; paleoclimatology; paleoecology; radiocarbon dating; uncertainty; Antarctic region; Antarctica; Greenland
Abstract:
... A continuous, ¹⁴C dated palaeoenvironmental (4000-year) proxy from the Antarctic Peninsula glacial marine record demonstrates pronounced cycles of elevated palaeoproductivity (warm events) that recur every 200 years. Superimposed upon this are longer-term reductions in palaeoproductivity (cooling events) that correspond with the‘Little Ice Age’ and an event at ~2500 radiocarbon years BP. Compariso ...
DOI:
10.1191/095968399675385468

89. Biological and environmental characteristics of three cosmopolitan mosses dominant in continental Antarctica

Author:
R.I. Lewis Smith
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1999 v.10 no.2 pp. 231-242
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Bryum argenteum; air temperature; carbon; freezing point; habitats; hydrology; lawns and turf; mosses and liverworts; photosynthesis; shoots; soil; solar radiation; summer; water content; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Bryum argenteum, B. pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus are the predominant mosses in Victoria Land, continental Antarctica. All have cosmopolitan distributions and are widespread throughout Antarctica with wide ecological amplitudes resulting in considerable morphological variation. They are well adapted to tolerate the physiological stresses imposed by the severe environment. This study inv ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237144

90. Controls on soil biodiversity: insights from extreme environments

Author:
Wall, D.H.; Virginia, R.A.
Source:
Applied soil ecology 1999 v.13 no.2 pp. 137-150
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
food chain; soil organic matter; plant parasitic nematodes; deserts; species diversity; biological activity in soil; desert soils; population density; free-living nematodes; degradation; habitats; Antarctica; New Mexico

91. Early-Holocene aridity in tropical northern Australia

Author:
Jonathan Nott; Edward Bryant; David Price
Source:
Holocene 1999 v.9 no.2 pp. 231-236
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
carbon; climate change; dry environmental conditions; ice; methane; oxygen; radionuclides; stable isotopes; thermoluminescence; Africa; Antarctica; Australia; Greenland
Abstract:
... Thermoluminescence ages from a longitudinal dunefield in tropical northern Australia suggest that complete dune activation occurred here either continuously or sporadically between approximately 8.2 ka and 5.9 ka. This period, in Australia, is normally ascribed to one of increasingly warm and wet conditions towards the Holocene Climatic Optimum. However, elsewhere, this time (~8 ka) coincides with ...
DOI:
10.1191/095968399673789264

92. Fossil Cycadales of Argentina

Author:
Artabe, A.E.; Stevenson, D.W.
Source:
Botanical review 1999 v.65 no.3 pp. 219-238
ISSN:
0006-8101
Subject:
geographical distribution; stems; Zamia; old and fossil wood; flora; leaves; ultrastructure; plant morphology; paleobotany; Antarctica; Argentina
DOI:
10.1007/BF02857630

93. Hemicellulase activity of antarctic microfungi

Author:
Bradner, J.R.; Sidhu, R.K.; Gillings, M.; Nevalainen, K.M.H.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 1999 v.87 no.3 pp. 366-370
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Alternaria; Penicillium; Phoma; beta-mannosidase; fungi; pH; temperature; xylanases; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The mannanase (endo-beta-1,4-mannanase; E.C. 3.2.1.78) and xylanase (endo-beta-1,4-xylanase; E.C. 3.2.1.8) activity of five microfungal isolates from Antarctica were characterized at different temperatures and pH. In general, the hemicellulase activity of the antarctic strains occurred at least 10 degrees C and as much as 30 degrees C lower than that of a mesophilic reference strain. At 0 degrees ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00827.x

94. Late Pleistocene-Holocene marine conditions in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: evidence from the diatom record

Author:
Wendy L. Cunningham; Amy Leventer; John T. Andrews; Anne E. Jennings; Kathy J. Licht
Source:
Holocene 1999 v.9 no.2 pp. 129-139
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Holocene epoch; carbon; coasts; ice; melting; radionuclides; sediments; spring; statistical analysis; wind; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Statistical analyses of diatom assemblages from radiocarbon-dated sediment cores were used to reconstruct changing palaeoceanographic conditions in the western and west-central Ross Sea, Antarctica, from. c.12 ¹⁴C kyr BP to the present. Data from three Kasten cores support a north-to-south time-transgressive glacial/interglacial transition. Assemblages at the base of each core suggest that glacial ...
DOI:
10.1191/095968399675624796

95. Palaeohydrological modelling of Ace Lake, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica

Author:
Donna Roberts; Jason L. Roberts; John A.E. Gibson; Andrew McMinn; Hendrik Heijnis
Source:
Holocene 1999 v.9 no.5 pp. 515-520
ISSN:
0959-6836
Subject:
climate change; evaporation; hydrology; lakes; models; salinity; Antarctic region; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The major influences on the salinity and water level of an Antarctic lake are parameterized and a palaeohydrological model linking the palaeosalinity of an Antarctic lake to the palaeohydrology of the lake is developed. Climatic change in this lake is recorded in the evaporative loss trend reconstructed from water level and lakewater salinity estimates. A decrease in salinity betweeñ700 and 200 ye ...
DOI:
10.1191/095968399672424476

96. Qualitative assessment of hydrolytic activities in antarctic microfungi grown at different temperatures on solid media

Author:
J.R. Bradner; M. Gillings; K.M.H. Nevalainen
Source:
World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 1999 v.15 no.1 pp. 131-132
ISSN:
0959-3993
Subject:
Penicillium; Trichoderma; carbon; enzymes; fungi; hydrolysis; secretion; temperature; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Microfungi from Antarctica were grown at 10 °C, 21 °C, 28 °C and 37 °C on a series of plates each containing a single carbon source and designed to indicate the secretion of particular hydrolytic enzymes. Colony radius and hydrolytic activity were measured and a relative activity index (RA) established. In general, effective hydrolysis occurred at mesophilic temperatures. Some enzymes, especially ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1008855406319

97. Reduction of the bioavailability of fluoride from Antarctic krill by calcium

Author:
Alfredo Tenuta-Filho, Regina Celia Costa Alvarenga
Source:
International journal of food sciences and nutrition 1999 v.50 no.4 pp. 297-302
ISSN:
1465-3478
Subject:
krill; fluorides; nutrient availability; calcium; nutrient-nutrient interactions; nutrient uptake; meat carcasses; casein; animal models; skeleton; rats; exoskeleton; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The bioavailability of fluoride from krill exoskeleton and the effect of additional calcium on the bioavailability of fluoride from krill paste were evaluated using young rats. Fluoride from the exoskeleton showed a high apparent absorption of 80%. Approximately 3.6% of this fluoride was deposited in the femur, and 44% in the rest of the carcass. The presence of 1.5% and 2.5% calcium (CaCO3) in th ...
DOI:
10.1080/096374899101184

98. Detection of anti-Brucella antibodies in pinnipeds from the Antarctic territory

Author:
Retamal, P.; Blank, O.; Abalos, P.; Torres, D.
Source:
Veterinary record 2000 v.146 no.6 pp. 166-167
ISSN:
0042-4900
Subject:
Brucella; antibodies; antibody detection; Arctocephalus; Antarctica
DOI:
10.1136/vr.146.6.166
PubMed:
10706314

99. Diet of Cape Petrel Daption capense Chicks on South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Author:
Soave Guillermo E.; Coria Néstor; Silva Patricia; Montalti Diego; Favero Marco
Source:
Acta ornithologica 2000 v.35 no.2 pp. 191-195
ISSN:
0001-6454
Subject:
Electrona; Euphausiacea; adults; breeding season; chicks; diet; fish; stomach; Antarctica
Abstract:
... The diet of the Cape Petrel was investigated in two localities of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, over the period January—February 1996. Stomach contents of adults obtained by flushing and regurgitates of chicks were sampled during the chick-rearing period. During the whole sampling period, euphausiids represented the predominant prey in terms of frequency of occurrence, mass and number at Fil ...
DOI:
10.3161/068.035.0212

100. Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on leaf elongation, production and phenylpropanoid concentrations of Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis in Antarctica

Author:
Ruhland, Christopher T.; Day, Thomas A.
Source:
Physiologia plantarum 2000 v.109 no.3 pp. 244-251
ISSN:
0031-9317
Subject:
Caryophyllaceae; Deschampsia; chlorofluorocarbons; coasts; ferulic acid; filters; grasses; herbaceous plants; high performance liquid chromatography; leaves; methanol; ozone depletion; phenylpropanoids; spring; temperate zones; transmittance; trichomes; ultraviolet radiation; Antarctica
Abstract:
... Stratospheric ozone depletion by anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons has lead to increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320 nm) along the Antarctic Peninsula during the austral spring. We manipulated UV-B levels around plants of Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica; Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis; Caryophyllaceae) for one field season near Palmer Station alo ...
DOI:
10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100304.x