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1. Uber Eigenschaften und Abbaubarkeit von mit Alkohol-Wasser-Gemischen isolierten Ligninen. 6. Mitteilung: Chemische und spektroskopische Characterisierung

Author:
Meier, D.; Faix, O.; Lange, W.
Source:
Holzforschung 1981 v.35 no.5 pp. 247-252
ISSN:
0018-3830
Subject:
Picea abies; Fagus sylvatica; Betula pendula; Quercus robur; Pinus sylvestris
DOI:
10.1515/hfsg.1981.35.5.247

2. A Note on Aggregate Rays of Betula Species

Author:
K.M. Bhat
Source:
IAWA journal v.4 no.2-3 pp. 183-185
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Betula nana; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens var. pumila; insects; pith flecks; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... Observations were made on the presence of aggregate rays in four birch species: Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh., B. tortuosa Ledeb. and B. nana L. Aggregate rays rarely occur in Betula; however, when present, their occurrence is probably due to insect injuries (pith flecks) and branch traces. ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90000411

3. Effects of soil trenching and coring on the formation of ectomycorrhizas on birch seedlings grown around mature trees

Author:
L. V. FLEMING
Source:
new phytologist 1984 v.98 no.1 pp. 143-153
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Betula pendula; trenching; mycorrhizal fungi; Lactarius; Leccinum; mycorrhizae
Abstract:
... Initially non‐mycorrhizal seedlings of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) were grown for a season around two 11‐year‐old birch trees on an experimental site south of Edinburgh. Some seedlings (non‐isolated) were planted in undisturbed positions, others (trenched) in volumes of soil isolated from the mature tree by trenches, and yet others (cored) in cores of soil (8 × 10 cm diameter) that had been remov ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb06104.x

4. Predicting Agrilus anxius Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adult emergence by heat unit accumulation

Author:
Akers, R.C.; Nielsen, D.G.
Source:
Journal of economic entomology 1984 v.77 no.6 pp. 1459-1463
ISSN:
0022-0493
Subject:
Agrilus anxius; Betula pendula; air temperature; Ohio
DOI:
10.1093/jee/77.6.1459

5. Callipterinella minutissima (Stroyan), an aphid living in birch catkins

Author:
Hajek, A.E.
Source:
Journal of natural history 1985 v.19 no.4 pp. 623-626
ISSN:
0022-2933
Subject:
Betula pendula; Hemiptera; feeding behavior; flowers; North America
DOI:
10.1080/00222938500770381

6. Changes of Starch Content in the Storage Tissues of Deciduous Trees During Winter and Spring

Author:
Sam. Essiamah; Walter Eschrich
Source:
IAWA journal v.6 no.2 pp. 97-106
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Acer pseudoplatanus; Alnus glutinosa; Betula pendula; Fagus sylvatica; Fraxinus excelsior; Quercus robur; budbreak; sap; spring; starch; tissues; trees; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... Starch transformation in relation to spring sap production has been investigated in six North European deciduous tree species from fall till the beginning of bud break in spring. The species examined were: Acer pseudoplatanus L., Betula pendula Roth, Alnus glutinosa Gärtn., Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus robur L., and Fraxinus excelsior L. ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90000921

7. Concentration of birch sap by reverse osmosis

Author:
Kallio, M.; Karppinen, T.; Holmbom, B.
Source:
Journal of food science 1985 v.50 no.5 pp. 1330-1332
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; sap; Finland
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10470.x

8. Cytokinins in the spring sap of curly birch (Betula pendula f. carelica) and the non-curly form

Author:
Ahokas, H.
Source:
Journal of plant physiology 1985 v.118 no.1 pp. 33-39
ISSN:
0176-1617
Subject:
Betula pendula; cytokinins; sap
DOI:
10.1016/S0176-1617(85)80162-0
PubMed:
23195929

9. Interactions between Browsing Moose and Two Species of Birch in Sweden

Author:
Kjell Danell; Kerstin Huss-Danell; Roger Bergstrom
Source:
Ecology 1985 v.66 no.6 pp. 1867-1878
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Alces alces; Betula pendula; biomass; browsing; buds; calcium; compensatory growth; growing season; habitats; juveniles; leaves; magnesium; shoots; trees; winter; Sweden
Abstract:
... In Sweden, moose (Alces alces) feed to a large extent on birches (Betula pendula and B. pubescens). This study examined responses of juvenile birches to moose browsing and the responses of moose to browsed trees. Following browsing, the birches produced larger shoots with larger and more chlorophyll—rich leaves than did unbrowsed birches. Shoots on browsed trees had a longer growing season and con ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937382

10. Mycorrhizal infection of betula pendula and acer pseudoplatanus: relationships with seedling growth and soil factors

Author:
JULIET C. FRANKLAND; A. F. HARRISON
Source:
new phytologist 1985 v.101 no.1 pp. 133-151
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Acer pseudoplatanus; Betula pendula; ecotypes; ectomycorrhizae; endophytes; fungi; highlands; iron; organic matter; pH; phosphorus; regression analysis; seedling growth; symbionts; woodlands
Abstract:
... Mycorrhizal infection of two‐year‐old seedlings of Betula pendula Roth, and Acer pseudoplatanus L. was examined in a pot experiment, in relation to several soil variables (pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, Fe, and phosphatase activity), host uptake of ³²P, and plant performance (height and weight), in 25 Cumbrian soils from natural and semi‐natural habitats (such as woodland, carr and upland heath) ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02822.x

11. The influence of SO2 and NO2 on the growth, development and gas exchange of Betula pendula Roth

Author:
Freer-Smith, P.H.
Source:
New phytologist 1985 v.99 no.3 pp. 417-430
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
pollutants; air pollution; Betula pendula; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; plant development; gas exchange
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03669.x

12. Genotype--environment interaction in tissue cultures of birch

Author:
Glock, H.; Gregorius, H.R.
Source:
Theoretical and applied genetics 1986 v.72 no.4 pp. 477-482
ISSN:
0040-5752
Subject:
Betula pendula; tissue culture; environmental factors; genotype
DOI:
10.1007/BF00289529
PubMed:
24248020

13. Oncopsis flavicollis (L.) associated with tree birches (Betula): a complex of biological species or a host plant utilization polymorphism?

Author:
Claridge, M.F.; Nixon, G.A.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1986 v.27 no.4 pp. 381-397
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Hemiptera; Betula pendula; polymorphism; Wales
Abstract:
... The closely related species of leafhoppers, Oncopsis flavicollis (L.) and 0. subangulata (Sahl.), are restricted to birches, Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh., as host plants. Morphometric discriminant analyses of adult insects from S Wales showed O. flavicollis populations from the two Betula species to be significantly different. The best discrimination was provided by characters of the ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01743.x

14. Water Uptake in Deciduous Trees During Winter and the Role of Conducting Tissues in Spring Reactivation

Author:
Sam Essiamah; Walter Eschrich
Source:
IAWA journal v.7 no.1 pp. 31-38
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Acer pseudoplatanus; Alnus glutinosa; Betula pendula; Fagus sylvatica; Fraxinus excelsior; branches; buds; phloem; spring; transpiration; trees; water uptake; winter; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... In winter, deciduous trees lack any means for transpiration, nevertheless their buds swell and increase in weight. It is known that vessels play an important role in spring reactivation and that phloem may be involved since buds fail to break when twigs are ringed. This study investigates water/nutrient translocation from winter until reactivation in spring for five North European species: maple ( ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90000435

15. Behavioral interactions between three birch aphid species and Adalia bipunctata larvae

Author:
Hajek, Ann E.; Dahlsten, Donald L.
Source:
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1987 v.45 no.1 pp. 81-87
ISSN:
0013-8703
Subject:
Adalia bipunctata; Betula pendula; Euceraphis betulae; defensive behavior; escape behavior; instars; larvae; nymphs; predation; predators; vision; California
Abstract:
... First and fourth instars of three birch aphid species were exposed to first and fourth instars of Adalia bipunctata (L.), the most common aphid predator on silver birch, Betula pendula Roth, in northern California. Defensive behavior differed by aphid species. Euceraphis betulae (Koch) (Eb), the most successful escapee, was highly mobile and frequently walked away from coccinellid larvae. Betulaph ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1570-7458.1987.tb02258.x

16. Chemical defense in birch. Platyphylloside: a phenol from Betula pendula inhibiting digestibility

Author:
Sunnerheim, K.; Palo, R.T.; Theander, O.; Knutsson, P.G.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1988 v.14 no.2 pp. 549-560
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
extracts; phenols; chemical analysis; Betula pendula; digestibility; ruminants; Sweden
DOI:
10.1007/BF01013906
PubMed:
24276001

17. Does Foliage Damage Influence Predation on the Insect Herbivores of Birch?

Author:
Joy M. Bergelson; John H. Lawton
Source:
Ecology 1988 v.69 no.2 pp. 434-445
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Betula pendula; Coleophora serratella; Formicidae; foraging; herbivores; host plants; insects; leaves; models; mortality; natural enemies; predation; predators
Abstract:
... Damage caused by insect herbivores to their host plants may influence the interaction between herbivores and their natural enemies in several ways. Two important possibilities are by providing cues that attract predators and by forcing herbivores to move, which in turn increases their chances of encountering a predator. To explore these possibilities we experimentally investigated the relationship ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940442

18. Effects of microwave treatment of soil on growth of birch (Betula pendula) seedlings and infection of them by ectomycorrhizal fungi

Author:
FIONA GIBSON; FRANCES M. FOX; J. W. DEACON
Source:
new phytologist 1988 v.108 no.2 pp. 189-204
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Betula pendula; Hebeloma; Lactarius; Thelephora terrestris; agricultural soils; color; ectomycorrhizae; heat tolerance; inoculum; microwave treatment; mycelium; ovens; root growth; soil temperature
Abstract:
... Seedlings of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) were grown for 12 weeks in small volumes of field soils heated in a microwave (MW) oven for different times and then either supplemented or not with inocula of ectomycorrhizal fungi and, in one case, with fresh agricultural soil. Growth of roots and shoots was assessed, and the incidence of different mycorrhizal types, distinguished by colour and morpholog ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb03696.x

19. Effects of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on the control of water loss by birch (Betula spp.)

Author:
EMILY A. NEIGHBOUR; D. A. COTTAM; T. A. MANSFIELD
Source:
new phytologist 1988 v.108 no.2 pp. 149-157
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; air; carbon dioxide; drought; gas exchange; leaf area; nitrogen dioxide; petrolatum; pollutants; pollution; sulfur dioxide; temperature; transpiration; water stress
Abstract:
... The effects of SO₂ and NO₂ on the control of water loss by birch trees were investigated using clonal populations of both Betula pendula Roth, (silver birch) and Betula pubescens Khr. (downy birch). Plants were grown in controlled environments and were fumigated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 65 nl l‐¹ SO₂ and/or NO₂, or with equal concentrations of both SO₂ and NO₂ in four treatments, namel ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb03691.x

20. Essential oil buds of Betula pendula of Yakutia

Author:
Stepen', R.A.; Khan, V.A.; Vershnyak, V.M.; Peryshkina, G.I.
Source:
Chemistry of natural compounds 1988 v.23 no.6 pp. 666-668
ISSN:
0009-3130
Subject:
Betula pendula; buds; essential oils; chemical analysis; Russia
DOI:
10.1007/BF00596639

21. Glycosylation of triterpenoids of the dammarane series. VII. Dammar-24-ene-3 alpha, 12 beta, 17 alpha, 20(S)-tetraol beta-D-glucopyranosides

Author:
Atopkina, L.N.; Samoshina, N.F.; Denisenko, V.A.; Uvarova, N.I.
Source:
Chemistry of natural compounds 1988 v.24 no.2 pp. 190-193
ISSN:
0009-3130
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; leaves; glucosides; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; terpenoids
DOI:
10.1007/BF00596748

22. Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady‐state nutrition

Author:
Torsten Ingestad; Göran I. Ågren
Source:
Physiologia plantarum 1988 v.72 no.3 pp. 450-459
ISSN:
0031-9317
Subject:
Betula pendula; dry matter partitioning; mathematical models; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrient content; nutrient uptake; nutrients; phosphorus; plant characteristics; potassium; prediction; root growth; roots; shoots; uptake mechanisms
Abstract:
... Ingestad, T. and Ågren, G. I. 1988. Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady‐state nutrition. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 450–459. Net nutrient uptake and translocation rates are discussed for conditions of steady‐state nutrition and growth. Under these conditions, the relative uptake rate is equal to the relative growth rate, for whole plants as well as for plant parts, since the root/shoot ratio and i ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb09150.x

23. Triterpenoids of leaves of Betula pendula growing in high mountain regions of the Altai

Author:
Pokhilo, N.D.; Makhnev, A.K.; Uvarova, N.I.
Source:
Chemistry of natural compounds 1988 v.24 no.3 pp. 396-397
ISSN:
0009-3130
Subject:
Betula pendula; mountains; leaves; terpenoids; USSR
DOI:
10.1007/BF00598604

24. Effects of heavy-metal and SO2 pollution on the concentration of carbohydrates and nitrogen in tree leaves

Author:
Balsberg-Pahlsson, A.M.
Source:
Canadian journal of botany 1989 v.67 no.7 pp. 2106-2113
ISSN:
0008-4026
Subject:
sulfur dioxide; nitrogen content; heavy metals; carbohydrates; Picea abies; Betula pubescens; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; air pollution; plant damage; leaves; Sweden
DOI:
10.1139/b89-266

25. Wood Identification of Commercially Important North American Species of Birch (Betula)

Author:
Regis B. Miller; Eric Cahow
Source:
IAWA journal v.10 no.4 pp. 364-373
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Betula alleghaniensis; Betula lenta; Betula nigra; Betula occidentalis; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; parenchyma (plant tissue); trees; wood; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... The wood anatomy was studied of the four commercially important North American species of birch: Betula alleghaniensis, B. lenta, B. nigra, and B. papyrijera. Although the wood from these species is fairly homogeneous, it appears that B. papyrijera can be separated from B. nigra; B. alleghaniensis and B. lenta, though indistinguishable from each other, can be separated from both B. papyrijera and ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90001125

26. Wound Reaction of the Parenchyma in Betula

Author:
Uwe Schmitt; Walter Liese
Source:
IAWA journal v.11 no.4 pp. 413-420
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Betula pendula; cambium; cytoplasm; electron microscopy; extrusion; parenchyma (plant tissue); plasma membrane; spring; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... Reactions in the xylem parenchyma of Betula pendula Roth following wounding in late spring have been investigated by light and electron microscopy. Structural changes in contact parenchyma cells are described in relation to the formation of plugs in vessels and fibres. Swelling of the Protective Layer (PL) with a simultaneous loss in electron density appears first. Fibrillar material is then synth ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90000531

27. Effects of birch phenolics on a grazing and a browsing mammal: a comparison of hares

Author:
Iason, G.R.; Palo, R.T.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1991 v.17 no.9 pp. 1733-1743
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Betula pendula; feeding behavior; Lepus timidus; phenolic compounds; digestibility; metabolic detoxification; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Mountain hares (Lepus timidus L.) commonly have high proportions of birch Betula spp.) in their winter diets, whereas European hares (Lepus europaeus) do not. The effects of a birch extract added to laboratory diets offered to mountain hares and European hares on the digestibility and sodium balance were measured. The extract added contained total phenolics equivalent in amount to that occurring i ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00993725
PubMed:
24257917

28. Modelling relation of first shoot emergence in various tree species to meteorological parameters in Slovenia

Author:
Hocevar, A.; Segula-Ilic, A.
Source:
International journal of biometeorology 1991 v.34 no.4 pp. 221-225
ISSN:
0020-7128
Subject:
Betula pendula; Fagus sylvatica; Quercus robur; Picea abies; seedling emergence; branches; temperature; phenology; meteorological parameters; energy balance; physical models; correlation; winter; spring; Yugoslavia
Abstract:
... The relation of first shoot emergence in various tree species (birch, beech, oak and spruce) to meteorological parameters was studied on the basis of phenological and meteorological observations at five locations in Slovenia during 1967-1986. A physical model was developed using tree branch temperature obtained by the energy balance equation. The gained linear dependence of first shoot emergence o ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF01041832

29. Qualitative Structural Changes during Bark Development in Quercus Robur, Ulmus Glabra, Populus Tremula and Betula Pendula

Author:
M. Trockenbrodt
Source:
IAWA journal v.12 no.1 pp. 5-22
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Betula pendula; Populus tremula; Quercus robur; Ulmus glabra; bark; cortex; histology; mucilages; periderm; phloem; sclereids; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... The development of bark structure of Quercus robur L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Populus tremula L. and Betula pendula Roth is being described. Profound structural changes can be observed during the first years after secondary growth has started. In all four species the epidermis is replaced by a periderm, the cortex shows intensive dilatation growth, and the groups of primary bark fibres are pushed apa ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90001199

30. Soil Fauna Increase Betula Pendula Growth: Laboratory Experiments With Coniferous Forest Floor

Author:
Heikki Setala; Veikko Huhta
Source:
Ecology 1991 v.72 no.2 pp. 665-671
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Betula pendula; biomass; calcium; climate; coniferous forests; forest litter; laboratory experimentation; leaves; lighting; magnesium; nitrogen; phosphorus; plant growth; planting; potassium; seedlings; soil fauna; soil microorganisms; soil sterilization; soil water content; temperature; transpiration
Abstract:
... The effects of soil fauna on the growth and nutrient contents of birch seedlings were studied in laboratory microcosms simulating the complexity of a coniferous forest floor. In one set of microcosms partially sterilized soil was reinoculated with soil microorganisms only; another set was reinoculated with microorganisms and a diverse soil fauna. A birch seedling (Betula pendula) was planted in ea ...
DOI:
10.2307/2937206

31. A comparison between European continental and British provenances of some British native trees: growth, survival and stem form

Author:
Worrell, R.
Source:
Forestry 1992 v.65 no.3 pp. 253-280
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
Quercus petraea; stem form; Alnus glutinosa; plant characteristics; height; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; provenance; Fagus sylvatica; mortality; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Data describing the growth, survival and stem form of: a) European continental, and b) British provenances of trees native to Britain were collated from Forestry Commission records. The growth rates of European continental provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), silver birch (Betula pendula), sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and common aider (Alnus glutinosa) were inferior to those of British p ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/65.3.253

32. An electron microscope study of resin production and secretion by the glands of seedlings of Betula pendula Roth

Author:
O. J. RAATIKAINEN; H. T. TAIPALE; A. PELTTARI; S. P. LAPINJOKI
Source:
new phytologist 1992 v.122 no.3 pp. 537-543
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Betula pendula; bark; cell walls; chloroplasts; cortex; dormancy; endoplasmic reticulum; parenchyma (plant tissue); phenolic compounds; seasonal growth; secretion; suberization; triterpenoids; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructure and secretory processes of resin glands on shoot stems of Betula pendula seedlings during seasonal growth. The multicellular peltate glands possess a cortex of columnar cells surrounding a parenchymal medulla differing from the stem parenchyma below. Myelin‐like deposits comprising concentric layers of membranes an ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00083.x

33. Olfactory recognition of nonhosts aspen and birch by conifer bark beetles Tomicus piniperda and Hylurgops palliatus

Author:
Schroeder, L.M.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1992 v.18 no.9 pp. 1583-1593
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Tomicus piniperda; insect attractants; Populus tremula; Betula pendula; volatile compounds; ethanol; insect traps; insect control; chemical constituents of plants; Hylurgops palliatus
Abstract:
... The field response of Tomicus piniperda (L.) and Hylurgops palliatus (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to the attractant ethanol in combination with volatile wood constituents released from the nonhost tree species Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae) and Betula pendula Roth (Betulaceae) was studied using flight barrier traps. The attraction of both species decreased when aspen or birch wood was added t ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00993231
PubMed:
24254289

34. 31P NMR spectroscopy in wood chemistry. V. Qualitative analysis of lignin functional groups

Author:
Argyropoulos, D.S.; Bolker, H.I.; Heitner, C.; Archipov, Y.
Source:
Journal of wood chemistry and technology 1993 v.13 no.2 pp. 187-212
ISSN:
0277-3813
Subject:
lignin; wood chemistry; Betula pendula; Picea mariana; qualitative analysis; spectral analysis; hardwood; softwood
Abstract:
... Dioxane lignin isolated from a hardwood (birch, betula verrucosa) and milled wood lignin isolated from a softwood (black spruce, picea mariana) were subjected to a variety of selective reactions to modify some of their functional groups. All the lignins were then treated with 1,3,2-dioxaphospholanyl chloride (I) and the 31P NMR spectra of the derivatives were recorded. Most of the 31P NMR signals ...
DOI:
10.1080/02773819308020514

35. Comparison of methods for the extraction of flavonoids from birch leaves (Betula pendula Roth.) carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography

Author:
Keinanen, M.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1993 v.41 no.11 pp. 1986-1990
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Betula pendula; flavonoids; glycosides; leaves; extraction; solvents; high performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... The efficiency of commonly used methods and solvents for the extraction of flavonoids from dried birch leaves was compared, and the responses of individual compounds were determined. The three methods compared were (1) a short extraction with a clipping homogenizer in an unheated solvent, (2) refluxing, and (3) Soxhlet extraction. The solvents tested (pure and 80% aqueous solvent) were acetone, et ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf00035a032

36. Daylength and thermal time responses of budburst during dormancy release in some northern deciduous trees

Author:
O. M. Heide
Source:
Physiologia plantarum 1993 v.88 no.4 pp. 531-540
ISSN:
0031-9317
Subject:
Alnus glutinosa; Alnus incana; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; Corylus avellana; Populus tremula; Prunus padus; Rubus idaeus; Sorbus aucuparia; buds; chilling requirement; cold treatment; dormancy; frost injury; global warming; growing season; photoperiod; risk; spring; temperature; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Dormancy release and thermal time to budburst as affected by duration of chilling outdoors, followed by different flushing temperatures and daylengths in a phytotron, were studied in cuttings of several northern tree species. In Betula pubescens, B. pendula and Prunus padus vegetative buds were released from dormancy already in December, in Populus tremula in January, whereas in Alnus incana and A ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01368.x

37. Effects of Shading and Fertilization on Resistance of Winter‐Dormant Birch (Betula Pendula) to Voles and Hares

Author:
Matti Rousi; Jorma Tahvanainen; Heikki Henttonen; Ilari Uotila
Source:
Ecology 1993 v.74 no.1 pp. 30-38
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Betula pendula; Lepus timidus; Microtus agrestis; biomass; growing season; hares; herbivores; nitrogen fertilizers; palatability; seedlings; shade; voles; winter
Abstract:
... Seedling representing four families of European white birch (Betula pendula) were grown through their first growing season in two fertilization and three shading treatments. The growth responses of seedlings were measured, and after complete winter hardening the basal parts of seedlings were offered to voles (Microtus agrestis) and the top parts of the same seedlings were fed to hares (Lepus timid ...
DOI:
10.2307/1939498

38. Growth and stomatal responses of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones to ozone in open‐air and chamber fumigations

Author:
E. PÄÄKKÖNEN; S. PAASISALO; T. HOLOPAINEN; L. KÄRENLAMP
Source:
new phytologist 1993 v.125 no.3 pp. 615-623
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
stomatal conductance; phytotoxicity; seedlings; necrosis; plant characteristics; ozone; height; Betula pendula; chlorosis; stomata; leaf conductance
Abstract:
... It is evident that even outside the classical high ozone areas some plant species are at risk. In this study seedlings of five birch clones (Betula pendula Roth.) were exposed to a slightly elevated ozone level in an open‐field experiment over two growing seasons. The ozone doses were 1.2 × (1991) and 15 × (1992) higher than the ambient. The clones were also fumigated with 150 nl I¹ ozone for 24 d ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03911.x

39. Response of small birch plants (Betula pendula Roth.) to elevated CO2 and nitrogen supply

Author:
Pettersson, R.; McDonald, A.J.S.; Stadenberg, I.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1993 v.16 no.9 pp. 1115-1121
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
Betula pendula; carbon dioxide; nitrogen; nutrient deficiencies; nutrient availability; net assimilation rate; leaf area
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb02069.x

40. Spruce forests (Ass. Sphango girgensohnii - Piceetum (Br.-Bl. 39) Polak. 62) on excessively moistened peatlands in Latvia

Author:
Normunds Priedits
Source:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 1993 v.62 no.3-4 pp. 199-202
ISSN:
0001-6977
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; biodiversity; bromine; forest communities; forests; peatlands; phytosociology; swamps; trees; Baltic Sea; Latvia
Abstract:
... The research carried out on swamp spruce forests on peatland in Latvia gives a detailed notion of the phytosociological structure of Ass. Sphagno girgensohnii - Piceetum (Br. - BI. 39) Polak. 62 in the western part of the East-European Plain at the Baltic Sea. The paper reflects one of the aspects of swamp forest investigation results in Latvia on forest communities, its biodiversity and presevati ...
DOI:
10.5586/asbp.1993.031

41. Transfer of lead from shotgun pellets to humus and three plant species in a Finnish shooting range

Author:
Manninen, S.; Tanskanen, N.
Source:
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 1993 v.24 no.3 pp. 410-414
ISSN:
0090-4341
Subject:
small fruits; lead; food contamination; Tussilago farfara; pollutants; Betula pendula; mushrooms; humus; leaves
DOI:
10.1007/BF01128741

42. Application of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to wood lignin structure determination and identification of some minor structural units of hard- and softwood lignins

Author:
Kilpelainen, I.; Sipila, J.; Brunow, G.; Lundquist, K.; Ede, R.M.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1994 v.42 no.12 pp. 2790-2794
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; wood; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; lignin
Abstract:
... Two-dimensional NMR techniques, homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn (HOHAHA), and 1H-detected multiple quantum 1H-13C correlation spectroscopy were applied to hard- and softwood milled wood lignin (MWL) samples. The structural units of MWLs were found to be very similar to those of released suspension culture lignin, but the MWL samples contained diarylpropane-1,3-diol units, which have now been identified ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf00048a026

43. Cadmium-induced alterations in nutrient composition and growth of Betula pendula seedlings: the significance of fine roots as a primary target for cadmium toxicity

Author:
Gussarsson, M.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 1994 v.17 no.12 pp. 2151-2163
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
Betula pendula; cadmium; phytotoxicity; mineral content; nutrient content; roots; shoots; trace elements; metal tolerance
Abstract:
... Birch seedlings (Betula pendula) were cultivated in nutrient solution with 0-2 micromolar cadmium (Cd). The effects of 2-10 days of Cd exposure on root and shoot element composition [potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and Cd] and growth (as percentage dry weight increase) were investigated. The ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904169409364871

44. Composition of larval secretion of Chrysomela lapponica (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and its dependence on host plant

Author:
Hilker, M.; Schultz, S.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1994 v.20 no.5 pp. 1075-1093
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Chrysomela; larvae; defensive secretions; chemical composition; leaves; Betula pendula; Alnus glutinosa; Salix fragilis; insect control; bioassays
Abstract:
... The defensive secretion of Chrysomela lapponica larvae, which is produced by nine Pairs of exocrine dorsal glands, has been chemically analyzed. The C. lapponica larvae were kept in the laboratory on leaves of either birch (Betula pendula), alder (Alnus glutinosa), or willow (Salix fragilis). Larvae developed normally on birch and willow, whereas those on alder died within a few days. GC-MS analys ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02059744
PubMed:
24242305

45. Does ozone stress change the primary or secondary metabolites of birch (Betula pendula Roth.)?

Author:
Lavola, A.; Julkunen-Tiitto, R.; Paakkonen, E.
Source:
New phytologist 1994 v.126 no.4 pp. 637-642
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
carbohydrate metabolism; sugars; stems; phytotoxicity; ozone; secondary metabolites; Betula pendula; air pollution; leaves
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02959.x

46. Effects of defoliation, nitrogen nutrition, and temperature on leafing and root carbohydrates of birch seedlings

Author:
Raitio, H.; Paukkonen, K.; Kauppi, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1994 v.24 no.9 pp. 1914-1920
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; seedlings; leaves; defoliation; temperature; buds; freezing; dormancy; plant nutrition; nitrogen; roots; carbohydrates; nitrogen fertilizers; Finland
Abstract:
... Difficulties were observed in the leafing of mature birch, alder, and willow species in southern Finland in the spring 1989, especially at lush growing sites. The suspected reason was freezing of the buds in the preceding autumn caused by disturbed bud dormancy. The hypothesis was tested experimentally with 1-year-old Betula pendula Roth seedlings, investigating the effects of partial defoliation, ...
DOI:
10.1139/x94-246

47. Effects of scale on detecting interactions between Coleophora and Eriocrania leaf-miners

Author:
Valladares, G.R.; Hartley, S.E.
Source:
Ecological entomology 1994 v.19 no.3 pp. 257-262
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
animal behavior; Coleophora serratella; Betula pubescens; Betula pendula; larvae; leafminers; feeding preferences; leaves
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1994.tb00417.x

48. Endogenous gibberellins in flushing buds of three deciduous trees: alder, aspen, and birch

Author:
Zanewich, K.P.; Rood, S.B.
Source:
Journal of plant growth regulation 1994 v.13 no.3 pp. 159-162
ISSN:
0721-7595
Subject:
Betula pendula; Populus tremuloides; buds; gibberellins; metabolites; biosynthesis; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were extracted from flushing (expanding) vegetative buds of river alder (Alnus tenuifolia), European white birch (Betula pendula), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with full scans and/or selected ion monitoring. Five 13-hydroxylated GAs were detected from the three trees: GA1, 8, and 20 from alder, GA1, 8, 19 and 2 ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00196381

49. Four recombinant isoforms of Cor a 1, the major allergen of hazel pollen, show different reactivities with allergen-specific T-lymphocyte clones

Author:
Schenk, S.; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K.; Breiteneder, H.; Ferreira, F.; Fischer, G.; Scheiner, O.; Kraft, D.; Ebner, C.
Source:
European journal of biochemistry 1994 v.224 no.2 pp. 717-722
ISSN:
0014-2956
Subject:
Betula pendula; pollen; allergens; clones; recombinant DNA; amino acid sequences; cross reaction; hypersensitivity; immunotherapy; T-lymphocytes
Abstract:
... Purified preparations of allergenic proteins from plants, and in particular from pollens, consist of multiple closely related isoforms. These isoforms are highly similar in their amino acid sequences, yet they display different properties with respect to antibody binding. In this study we report of differential potencies of cross-reacting tree pollen allergens and cloned isoforms of these allergen ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00717.x
PubMed:
7925389

50. Growth and assimilation of NH4+ and NO3- by Paxillus involutus in association with Betula pendula and Picea abies as affected by substate pH

Author:
Ek, H.; Andersson, S.; Arnebrant, K.; Soderstrom, B.
Source:
New phytologist 1994 v.128 no.4 pp. 629-637
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Betula pendula; Picea abies; Paxillus involutus; pH; nitrates; amino acids; ectomycorrhizae; translocation (plant physiology); ammonium compounds
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04027.x

51. Growth and branching habit of rooted cuttings collected from epicormic shoots of Betula pendula Roth

Author:
Cameron, A.D.; Sani, H.
Source:
Tree physiology 1994 v.14 no.4 pp. 427-436
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; branching; seasonal variation; shoots; seedlings; apical meristems; tropisms; plant cuttings; rooting
Abstract:
... Patterns of shoot growth and branching were studied over two growing seasons in rooted cuttings collected from both epicormic shoots and seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. Epicormic shoots were induced to sprout on stumps and small logs of 5-, 10- and 30-year-old trees. The use of epicormic shoots enhanced the rooting capacity of stem cuttings collected from these shoots but did not appear to rever ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/14.4.427

52. Growth and nutrition of small Betula pendula plants at different relative addition rates of manganese

Author:
Goransson, A.
Source:
Tree physiology 1994 v.14 no.4 pp. 375-388
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; plant nutrition; manganese; nutrient requirements; dose response; seedling growth; mathematical models; equations; growth models; biomass
Abstract:
... In a series of experiments, growth of small birch plants (Betula pendula Roth) was controlled by the relative addition rate of manganese, R(Mn) (day-1). The R(Mn) treatments were 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 day-1 with free access to all other nutrients. In an additional treatment, FA, there was free access to all nutrients including Mn. The pH of the nutrient solution ranged between 3.9 and 4.1, and ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/14.4.375

53. Interaction of plant profilin with mammalian actin

Author:
Giehl, K.; Valenta, R.; Rothkegel, M.; Ronsiek, M.; Mannherz, H.G.; Jockusch, B.M.
Source:
European journal of biochemistry 1994 v.226 no.2 pp. 681-689
ISSN:
0014-2956
Subject:
plant proteins; animal proteins; actin; binding proteins; Betula pendula; pollen; calves; thymus gland; rabbits; skeletal muscle; recombinant proteins; binding sites
Abstract:
... The mode of interaction of birch and bovine profilins with actin was compared using a number of techniques. Birch profilin was purified from pollen or as a recombinant protein from Escherichia coli, using poly(L-proline) affinity chromatography and a monoclonal antibody for the identification of the isolated product. On two-dimensional gels, the genuine and recombinant proteins were identical in m ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20096.x
PubMed:
8001585

54. Quantification of trends in wood production within trees of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.)

Author:
Denne, M.P.; Atkinson, C.J.; Dodd, R.S.
Source:
Annals of botany 1994 v.73 no.6 pp. 655-664
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
cambium; quantitative analysis; cell growth; wood; Betula pendula; seasonal variation; branches; Wales
Abstract:
... Trends in rate and duration of wood production are analysed along and between branches, and along main stems of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees (at early canopy closure and closed canopy stages of growth). These data are discussed in relation to the control of knot size, log diameter and taper. To provide a field guide to cambial reactivation, progress of vessel production has been relat ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1994.1083

55. Quantitative Changes of Some Anatomical Characters during Bark Development in Quercus Robur, Ulmus Glabra, Populus Tremula and Betula Pendula

Author:
Michael Trockenbrodt
Source:
IAWA journal v.15 no.4 pp. 387-398
ISSN:
0928-1541
Subject:
Betula pendula; Populus tremula; Quercus robur; Ulmus glabra; bark; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... Quantitative changes of certain anatomical characters during bark development of Quercus robur L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Populus tremula L. and Betula pendula Roth were analysed. ...
DOI:
10.1163/22941932-90001373

56. Seed‐shedding in a Scottish heath community

Author:
P. Barclay‐Estrup; C.H. Gimingham
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1994 v.5 no.2 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Betula pendula; Calluna vulgaris; Carex; Erica cinerea; Erica tetralix; flowers; habitats; heathlands; seed dispersal; seeds; Scotland
Abstract:
... For a 28‐week period in late 1987 and early 1988, a study of seed‐shedding by several heath species was carried out at the Muir of Dinnet in northeastern Scotland. The dominant species in the heath is Calluna vulgaris. Seed‐shedding in Calluna began in early September 1987 and was completed in April 1988, with the period of maximum shedding falling between early November and late December 1987. Th ...
DOI:
10.2307/3236152

57. Structural and molecular properties of residual birch kraft lignins

Author:
Gellerstedt, G.; Pranda, J.; Lindfors, E.L.
Source:
Journal of wood chemistry and technology 1994 v.14 no.4 pp. 467-482
ISSN:
0277-3813
Subject:
permanganates; bleaching; acid hydrolysis; Betula pendula; kraft pulping; oxidation; spectral analysis; lignin; chemical degradation
Abstract:
... The residual lignins from unbleached and oxygen-bleached birch kraft pulps were isolated by acid hydrolysis and characterized by elemental analysis, methoxyl content, permanganate degradation, size exclusion chromatography and quantitative 13-C NMR. Calculations based on the reduction in kappa number after the acid hydrolysis revealed that only about one third or less of the material assumed to be ...
DOI:
10.1080/02773819408003108

58. Tolerance of 2-year-old forestry trees to five herbicides

Author:
Lawrie, J.; Clay, D.V.
Source:
Forestry 1994 v.67 no.4 pp. 287-295
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
forest nurseries; forest trees; clopyralid; bentazon; phenmedipham; metsulfuron; tribenuron; mecoprop; Fagus sylvatica; Betula pendula; Acer pseudoplatanus; Fraxinus excelsior; Prunus avium; Quercus robur; Alnus rubra; Larix kaempferi; Picea sitchensis
Abstract:
... There is a need for selective foliar-acting herbicides for transplant lines in forestry nurseries and new forestry plantings. Tolerance of 2-year-old pot-grown trees of beech, birch, sycamore, ash, cherry, oak, red alder, Japanese larch and Sitka spruce to contact herbicides applied at different dates in the growing season was investigated. Clopyralid was safe to use on all species apart from some ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/67.4.287

59. Ageing-related anatomical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones as affected by low ozone exposure

Author:
Paakkonen, E.; Holopainen, T.; Karenlampi, L.
Source:
Annals of botany 1995 v.75 no.3 pp. 285-294
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
cell differentiation; cell growth; phytotoxicity; tree age; ozone; clones; Betula pendula; seasonal variation; genetic variation; ultrastructure; leaves; Finland
Abstract:
... Effects of ozone on the leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of five birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones were studied during one growing season in open-field conditions. Cumulative ozone exposure was 1.5 times higher than ambient. Ozone exposure decreased total leaf thickness in one, ozone sensitive, clone. The effect on palisade and spongy mesophyll thickness was clone-specific, while the amount of pa ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1995.1023

60. Allocation of mass in trees subject to nitrogen and magnesium limitation

Author:
Wikstrom, F.; Ericsson, T.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.5 pp. 339-344
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Picea abies; Betula pendula; roots; source-sink relationships; magnesium; potassium; manganese; growth models; nutrient uptake; soil chemistry; mathematical models; equations
Abstract:
... It has previously been shown that lack of magnesium, potassium or manganese depresses allocation of new mass to roots in trees, and that these elements often occur in low amounts in declining forest stands. A model for tree growth and nutrient uptake was used to examine the effect of allocation pattern of new plant mass on growth and development in soils with low nutrient concentrations. Growth pa ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.5.339

61. Calcium oxalate crystals in the bark of Quercus robur, Ulmus glabra, Populus tremula and Betula pendula

Author:
Trockenbrodt, M.
Source:
Annals of botany 1995 v.75 no.3 pp. 281-284
ISSN:
0305-7364
Subject:
Quercus robur; Ulmus glabra; Populus tremula; Betula pendula; bark; calcium oxalate; crystals; developmental stages; quantitative analysis; spatial distribution; wood anatomy; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Barks of different developmental stages of oak (Quercus robur L.), elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.), poplar (Populus tremula L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) were analysed with regard to the variability of presence, type, location, dimension, and quantity of calcium oxalate crystals. Solitary crystals were present in all bark samples. In oak and poplar they were located in thick-walled, chambered, lign ...
DOI:
10.1006/anbo.1995.1022

62. Development of a new chemical method for distinguishing between Betula pendula and Betula pubescens in Sweden

Author:
Lundgren, L.N.; Pan, H.; Theander, O.; Eriksson, H.; Johansson, U.; Svenningsson, M.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1995 v.25 no.7 pp. 1097-1102
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; bark; glycosides; chemical analysis; chemical precipitation; hydrazines; chemotaxonomy; varieties; hybrids; plant morphology; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical studies of inner bark extractives from a large number of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and hairy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) trees revealed the diarylheptanoid glucoside platyphylloside to be present at high levels in B. pendula (20-60 mg/g dry bark) and at low levels in B. pubescens (50.5 mg/g dry bark). Based on these observations, ...
DOI:
10.1139/x95-121

63. Domancy release and chilling requirement of buds of latitudinal ecotypes of Betula pendula and B. pubescens

Author:
Myking, T.; Heide, O.M.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.11 pp. 697-704
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; seedlings; buds; dormancy breaking; chilling requirement; photoperiod; temperature; altitude; ecotypes; latitude; seasonal variation; Norway; Denmark
Abstract:
... Bud burst and dormancy release of latitudinal ecotypes of Berula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh. from Denmark (approximately 56 degrees N), mid-Norway (approximately 64 degrees N) and northern Norway (approximately 69 degrees N) were studied in controlled environments. Dormant seedlings were chilled at 0, 5 or 10 degrees C from October 4 onward and then, at monthly intervals from mid-November ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.11.697

64. Effects of ozone on birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones

Author:
Paakkonen, E.; Holopainen, T.; Karenlampi, L.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 1995 v.85 no.3 pp. 1331-1336
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; chloroplasts; fumigation; chlorophyll; ammonium nitrate; phytotoxicity; nitrogen; nutrient availability; ozone; clones; Betula pendula; photosynthesis; biomass production; ultrastructure; air pollution; growth chambers; stomata
DOI:
10.1007/BF00477166

65. Growth and nutrition of birch seedlings at varied relative addition rates of magnesium

Author:
Ericsson, T.; Kahr, M.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.2 pp. 85-93
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
mathematical models; seedling growth; plant nutrition; stems; equations; carbohydrates; magnesium; Betula pendula; nutrient requirements; chemical constituents of plants; dry matter partitioning; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... Growth and nutrition of hydroponically cultivated birch seedlings (Betula pendula Roth.) were investigated at various magnesium (Mg) availabilities. Suboptimum Mg conditions were created by adding Mg once per hour in exponentially increasing amounts at one of four relative addition rates (RMg): 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20 day-1. Seedlings given free access to Mg were used as controls. After an acclim ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.2.85

66. Growth of Birch and Pine Seedlings in Relation to Grazing by Soil Fauna on Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Author:
Heikki Setala
Source:
Ecology 1995 v.76 no.6 pp. 1844-1851
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; aboveground biomass; climate; community structure; coniferous forests; ectomycorrhizae; food webs; forest soils; grazing; leaves; lighting; microbial biomass; mutualism; mycorrhizal fungi; nitrogen content; nutrients; planting; roots; seedlings; soil fauna; temperature; trees
Abstract:
... It is hypothesized that mutualistic relationships can be persistent due to a third “external” species constraining the otherwise unlimited growth of the mutualists. By consuming mycorrhizal fungi, soil fauna may exert such a control over the development of the plant—fungus symbiosis. In this study I investigated the influence of soil fauna on the mutualistic association of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fun ...
DOI:
10.2307/1940716

67. Growth, allocation, and morphological responses of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula to shade in developing Scots pine stands

Author:
Messier, C.; Puttonen, P.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1995 v.25 no.4 pp. 629-637
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Betula pubescens; Betula pendula; seedlings; seedling growth; understory; Pinus sylvestris; plant morphology; nutrient availability; leaves; light; shade; biomass production; Finland
Abstract:
... The growth, biomass allocation, crown architecture, and leaf morphology of 50 to 200 cm tall Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth seedlings growing under eight Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands varying in age from 7 to 105 years were studied in southern Finland. The main objective of the study was to assess the degree of morphological plasticity of birch in response to understory c ...
DOI:
10.1139/x95-070

68. Influence of nitrogen supply on the response of clones of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) to ozone

Author:
Paakkonen, E.; Holopainen, T.
Source:
New phytologist 1995 v.129 no.4 pp. 595-603
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
seedling growth; clonal variation; plant nutrition; nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrient excess; seedlings; leaf area; ozone; pollutants; Betula pendula; leaves; Finland
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03027.x

69. Lowland woodland structure and pattern and the distribution of arboreal, phytophagous arthropods

Author:
Dennis, P.; Usher, G.B.; Watt, A.D.
Source:
Biodiversity and conservation 1995 v.4 no.7 pp. 728-744
ISSN:
0960-3115
Subject:
woodlands; Fagus sylvatica; Betula pendula; Quercus robur; leaves; arthropods; species diversity; habitats; natural resource management; surveys; Scotland
DOI:
10.1007/BF00158866

70. Methods for combining phenological time series: application to bud burst in birch (Betula pendula) in Central England for the period 1896-1955

Author:
Hakkinen, R.; Linkosalo, T.; Hari, P.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.11 pp. 721-726
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; buds; dormancy breaking; phenology; climatic factors; genetic variation; geographical variation; mathematical models; equations; measurement; genotype; Finland
Abstract:
... We compared four methods for combining separate fragmentary phenological time series into a single long reliable series. The systematic linear effect of differences in observers, genotypes, geography and climate at the observation points produces disturbing variation in the observations and bias in the means of some time points. The three methods based on the adjustment of individual series elimin ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.11.721

71. Morphological and molecular variation in natural populations of Betula

Author:
Howland, D.E.; Oliver, R.P.; Davy, A.J.
Source:
New phytologist 1995 v.130 no.1 pp. 117-124
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
restriction fragment length polymorphism; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique; ribosomal DNA; cytotoxicity; Betula pubescens; Betula pendula; intergenic DNA; genetic variation; leaves; introgression
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb01821.x

72. Nighttime exposure to ozone reduces whole-plant production in Betula pendula

Author:
Matyssek, R.; Gunthardt-Goerg, M.S.; Maurer, S.; Keller, T.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.3 pp. 159-165
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
phytotoxicity; gas exchange; ozone; Betula pendula; diurnal variation; seasonal variation; biomass production; photosynthesis; plant cuttings; stomata
Abstract:
... For 20 weeks during the growing season, cuttings of one birch clone (Betula pendula Roth.) were exposed in the Birmensdorf fumigation chambers to O3-free air (control) or 75 nl O3 l-1. Ozone was supplied either from 1900 until 0700 h (nighttime regime), from 0700 until 1900 h (daylight regime), or all day (24-h regime). By autumn, reductions in whole-plant biomass production, root/shoot biomass an ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.3.159

73. Ontogenic development of chemical defense by seedling resin birch: energy cost of defense production

Author:
Bryant, J.P.; Julkunen-Tiitto, R.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1995 v.21 no.7 pp. 883-896
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
plant ecology; plant development; resins; seedlings; leaf area; height; Betula pendula; biological production; photosynthesis; biomass production; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Whether production of chemical defenses by plants is or is not an energetically costly process is an important, but unresolved, question in chemical ecology. We suggest studies of the ontogenetic development of plant defense systems can help resolve the question. As an example of this approach to the cost question, we explore the problems associated with production of immobile chemical defenses th ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02033796
PubMed:
24234407

74. Photosynthesis and canopy characteristics in genetically defined families of silver birch (Betula pendula)

Author:
Wang, T.; Tigerstedt, P.M.A.; Vihera-Aarnio, A.
Source:
Tree physiology 1995 v.15 no.10 pp. 665-671
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; leaves; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate; canopy; leaf area index; genetic variation; volume; measurement; weight; diurnal variation; genotype; Finland
Abstract:
... Net photosynthetic rates (A) of leaves in upper and lower crown layers (A(upper) and A(lower)), leaf area index (LAI), mean tilt angle (MTA), several leaf characteristics, and volume growth were observed in fast- and slow-growing families of a 14-year-old full-sib and half-sib family progeny test of Betula pendula Roth. Each measure of net photosynthetic rate was calculated after correcting measur ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/15.10.665

75. Platyphylloside: metabolism and digestibility reduction in vitro

Author:
Sunnerheim-Sjoberg, K.; Knutsson, P.G.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1995 v.21 no.9 pp. 1339-1348
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
secondary metabolites; Betula pendula; metabolism; in vitro digestibility; sheep; rumen fluids
Abstract:
... The metabolism of platyphylloside [(5S)-5-hydroxy-1, 7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone-5 -O-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-known to reduce digestibility--was studied in vitro in sheep rumen liquor. Platyphylloside is hydrolyzed to 5-hydroxy-3-platyphyllone [(5S)-5-hydroxy-1, 7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone], which is reduced to centrolobol [1,7-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanol], via 3-platyphyllone ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02027566
PubMed:
24234631

76. RAPD markers in parentage confirmation of a valuable breeding progeny of European white birch

Author:
Akerman, S.; Tammisola, J.; Lapinjoki, S.P.; Soderlund, H.; Kauppinen, V.; Vihera-Aarnio, A.; Regina, M.; Hagqvist, R.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1995 v.25 no.7 pp. 1070-1076
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; DNA; genetic markers; genetic polymorphism; loci; parentage; progeny; tree breeding; phenotype; genomics; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique
Abstract:
... The general applicability of RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs) as genetic molecular markers for Betula pendula Roth was evaluated. On average 2.5 clear, potentially useful marker bands were generated per primer from the DNA of a randomly selected birch tree using a set of 60 commercial 10-mer primers. The resulting fragments were typically between 200 and 700 base pairs in length. A novel ...
DOI:
10.1139/x95-118

77. Structure and function of the ectomycorrhizal association between Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. and Betula pendula Roth. I. Dynamics of mycorrhiza formation

Author:
Brun, A.; Chalot, M.; Finlay, R.D.; Soderstrom, B.
Source:
New phytologist 1995 v.129 no.3 pp. 487-493
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
ectomycorrhizae; in vitro culture; Paxillus involutus; nitrogen; seedlings; Betula pendula; structure-activity relationships; cell structures; colonizing ability; phosphorus
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04319.x

78. The effects of heavy thinning on stem quality and timber properties of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Author:
Cameron, A.D.; Dunham, R.A.; Petty, J.A.
Source:
Forestry 1995 v.68 no.3 pp. 275-285
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
growth rings; diameter; wood density; geographical variation; shrinkage; Betula pendula; stand characteristics; branches; dimensions
Abstract:
... A study was carried out into the effects of heavy thinning on stem quality and timber properties of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Comparisons were made with lightly thinned and unthinned birch stands. Birch stands from the UK were also compared with similarly managed stands from Germany and Denmark. In general, trees from lightly thinned and unthinned stands had similar characteristics. Heav ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/68.3.275

79. The influence of ozone and nutrition on delta 13C in Betula pendula

Author:
Saurer, M.; Maurer, S.; Matyssek, R.; Landolt, W.; Gunthardt-Goerg, M.S.; Siegenthaler, U.
Source:
Oecologia 1995 v.103 no.4 pp. 397-406
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
plant nutrition; stems; isotopes; gas exchange; ozone; pollutants; cellulose; carbon; Betula pendula; stomata; air pollution; leaf conductance
DOI:
10.1007/BF00328677

80. The structure and function of the vegetative mycelium of ectomycorrhizal plants

Author:
Bending, G.D.; Read, D.J.
Source:
New phytologist 1995 v.130 no.3 pp. 411-417
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Paxillus involutus; forest soils; phosphorus; peroxidase; mycelium; nutrient transport; catechol oxidase; soil organic matter; Betula pendula; enzyme activity; acid phosphatase; nitrogen; proteinases; organic compounds; organic horizons; pH; biodegradation; colonizing ability; forest ecology
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb01835.x

81. cDNA cloning and characterization of three genes in the Bet v 1 gene family that encode pathogenesis-related proteins

Author:
Swoboda, I.; Scheiner, O.; Herberle-Bors, E.; Vicente, O.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1995 v.18 no.8 pp. 865-874
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
Betula pendula; complementary DNA; multigene family; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; gene expression; messenger RNA; pollen; Fusarium solani; Taphrina; pathogenesis-related proteins
Abstract:
... Bet v 1 isoforms, the major pollen allergens of white birch (Betula verrucosa), show sequence homology to a class of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins identified in several other plant species. We recently reported that Bet v 1-related mRNAs and proteins are induced by microbial pathogens in birch cell suspension cultures, which suggests that these pollen allergens and PR proteins are encoded by ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00595.x

82. Allozyme variation in populations, full-sib families and selfed lines in Betula pendula Roth

Author:
Wang, T.L.
Source:
Theoretical and applied genetics 1996 v.92 no.8 pp. 1052-1058
ISSN:
0040-5752
Subject:
Betula pendula; loci; allozymes; vigor; stems; volume; genetic variation; inbreeding; tree breeding; heterozygosity; selfing
Abstract:
... Changes in genetic variability in populations (stand origins), full-sib (FS) families and three generations of selfed lines of Betula pendula were observed based on 15 allozyme loci. Growth vigour, measured as stem volume, and its relationship with heterozygosity was studied to determine the effect of inbreeding. Pooled FS families showed a higher percentage of polymorphic loci (P) and allelic num ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00224048
PubMed:
24166635

83. Cold hardening and slow cooling: tools for successful cryopreservation and recovery of in vitro shoot tips of silver birch

Author:
Ryynanen, L.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research 1996 v.26 no.11 pp. 2015-2022
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; shoots; cryopreservation; mortality; photoperiod; cryoprotectants; thawing; buds; genetic variation; polyethylene glycol; dimethyl sulfoxide; glucose; glycerol; in vitro culture; cooling; cold tolerance
Abstract:
... Shoot tips of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) derived from in vitro cultures originating from mature trees were used as explant material. Several pretreatments prior to cryopreservation were studied in order to enhance shoot tip recovery after storage in liquid nitrogen. Cold acclimation and the classical slow freezing procedure proved to be essential for successful survival, while both nonhard ...
DOI:
10.1139/x26-227

84. Effect of birch (Betula pendula) bark and food protein level on root voles (Microtus oeconomus). I. Food consumption, growth, and mortality

Author:
Harju, A.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1996 v.22 no.4 pp. 709-717
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Betula pendula; voles; bark; protein content; mortality; glycogen; pest control; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The effect of protein and birch bark powder (BBP) content of forage on food consumption and growth of root voles (Microtus oeconomus) was studied by feeding young voles with eight different diets for two weeks. Voles ate more when the protein content of forage was moderate (6%) or low (3%), and when BBP was added to the diets, as compared to a high (12%) protein diet without BBP addition. On high ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02033580
PubMed:
24227579

85. Effect of birch (Betula pendula) bark and food protein level on root voles (Microtus oeconomus). II. Detoxification capacity

Author:
Harju, A.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1996 v.22 no.4 pp. 719-728
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Betula pendula; bark; voles; dietary protein; metabolic detoxification; glucuronic acid; secondary metabolites
Abstract:
... The effect of protein and birch bark powder (BBP) content of forage on detoxification capacity of root voles (Microtus oeconomus) was studied. Young voles were fed with eight different diets for two weeks. Individuals on low (3%) protein diets had significantly lighter livers and kidneys than those on moderate (6%) or high (12%) protein diets. Birch bark powder addition did not have significant ef ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02033581
PubMed:
24227580

86. Effect of prechilling on the dormancy of Betula pendula seeds

Author:
Vanhatalo, V.; Leinonen, K.; Rita, H.; Nygren, M.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1996 v.26 no.7 pp. 1203-1208
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; seeds; dormancy; cooling; seed germination; temperature; photoperiod
Abstract:
... The effect of prechilling on the germination response to temperature was investigated by germinating prechilled (at 5 degrees C) and unchilled seeds of Betula pendula Roth (silver birch) at temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C in darkness. Unchilled and prechilled seeds produced 50% germination at temperatures of 26.7 and 15.3 degrees C, respectively. Two experiments were organized to ...
DOI:
10.1139/x26-134

87. Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) litter on seed germination and early seedling growth of four boreal tree species

Author:
Jaderlund, A.; Zackrisson, O.; Nilsson, M.C.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1996 v.22 no.5 pp. 973-986
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; plant extracts; Populus tremula; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; seed germination; seedling growth; natural regeneration; boreal forests; plant litter
Abstract:
... Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were used to test for inhibitory effects of senescent and decomposed leaves and aqueous extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) against seed germination and seedling growth of aspen (Populus tremula L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Aqueous extracts from bilberry leaves were i ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02029948
PubMed:
24227618

88. Effects of mycorrhizal colonization by Paxillus involutus on uptake of Ca and P by Picea abies and Betula pendula grown in unlimed and limed peat

Author:
Andersson, S.; Jensen, P.; Soderstrom, B.
Source:
New phytologist 1996 v.133 no.4 pp. 695-704
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Picea abies; Betula pendula; Paxillus involutus; phosphorus; calcium; seedlings; peat; liming; growing media; pH; isotope labeling; mycelium; roots; shoots; magnesium; potassium; ectomycorrhizae; application rate
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01938.x

89. Effects of pentachlorophenol in forest soil: a microcosm experiment for testing ecosystem responses to anthropogenic stress

Author:
Salminen, J.; Haimi, J.
Source:
Biology and fertility of soils 1996 v.23 no.2 pp. 182-188
ISSN:
0178-2762
Subject:
mineralization; soil fauna; pentachlorophenol; anthropogenic soil types; community structure; nutrients; nutrient uptake; soil microorganisms; losses from soil; species diversity; forest soils; Betula pendula; biogeochemical cycles; biomass; application rate; adverse effects; forest ecology
Abstract:
... Changes in the structure and function of a soil decomposer community and growth of birch (Betula pendula) due to chemical contamination were studied in laboratory microcosms. Sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP) was added to the humus layer of a simulated forest soil at three nominal concentrations (0, 50 and 500 mg kg-3 dry mass). After two growing periods (48 weeks), there were more small soft-bodied ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00336061

90. Elevated CO2 reduces field decomposition rates of Betula pendula (Roth.) leaf litter

Author:
Cotrufo, M.F.; Ineson, P.
Source:
Oecologia 1996 v.106 no.4 pp. 525-530
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
carbon dioxide; plant litter; nutrient availability; Betula pendula; carbon nitrogen ratio; global warming; chemical constituents of plants; degradation; lignin; leaves
DOI:
10.1007/BF00329711

91. Fertilizer method and container size effects on shade trees grown in in-ground containers

Author:
Murray, C.L.; Lumis, G.P.; Chong, C.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1996 v.76 no.3 pp. 507-513
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
Fraxinus pennsylvanica; Betula pendula; Gleditsia triacanthos; Populus nigra; hybrids; container-grown plants; containers; shade trees; crop production; slow-release fertilizers; liquid fertilizers; microirrigation; plant nurseries; application rate; Ontario
DOI:
10.4141/cjps96-093

92. Growth responses and related biochemical and ultrastructural changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in birch (Betula pendula) saplings exposed to low concentrations of ozone

Author:
Paakkonen, E.; Vahala, J.; Holopainen, T.; Karjalainen, R.; Karenlampi, L.
Source:
Tree physiology 1996 v.16 no.7 pp. 597-605
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; seedlings; ozone; phytotoxicity; photosynthesis; dose response; clones; genetic variation; leaf area; stems; seasonal variation; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; chlorophyll; net assimilation rate; water use efficiency; chloroplasts; ultrastructure; chemical constituents of plants; biomass production; biological resistance
Abstract:
... Saplings of ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant birch (Betula pendula Roth.), clones B and C, respectively, were exposed to ozone concentrations that were 1.7-fold higher than ambient for one growing season under open-field conditions. Ambient air was used as the control treatment. In the ozone-sensitive clone B, there was an initial stimulation of leaf area growth in response to the ozone treatmen ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/16.7.597

93. Improving the reliability of a combined phenological time series by analyzing observation quality

Author:
Linkosalo, T.; Hakkinen, R.; Hari, P.
Source:
Tree physiology 1996 v.16 no.7 pp. 661-664
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
Betula pendula; buds; dormancy breaking; phenology; data collection; measurement; reliability; accuracy; mathematical models; equations
Abstract:
... Collecting phenological data is a slow process. Although such data have been collected by a number of organizations, the reliability of these data is not known because the data-generating process cannot be repeated. No further observations to improve the reliability can be obtained. However, the data usually consist of several overlapping observation series and this overlap can be utilized to cons ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/16.7.661

94. Managing birch woodlands for the production of quality timber

Author:
Cameron, A.D.
Source:
Forestry 1996 v.69 no.4 pp. 357-371
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
silvicultural practices; forest management; Betula pubescens; Betula pendula; woodlands; seed dispersal
Abstract:
... Interest in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) has greatly increased in recent years partly as a result of pressures to restore and expand native woodlands but also due to renewed interest in birch as a tree capable of producing quality timber. Despite the many advantages of birch as a commercial timber tree case of establishment, fast growth on good sites, ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/69.4.357

95. Micropropagation of adult birch trees: production and field performance

Author:
Jones, O.P.; Welander, M.; Waller, B.J.; Ridout, M.S.
Source:
Tree physiology 1996 v.16 no.5 pp. 521-525
ISSN:
0829-318X
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Betula pendula; micropropagation; stems; callus; seedlings; flowering; bark; cracking; seasonal variation; explants
Abstract:
... We compared the growth of trees produced by micropropagation from nodal stem sections or callus tissue of a 20-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) tree with that of seedlings; growth was monitored for 17 months in pots followed by six years in the field. Micropropagated trees from both nodal stem sections and callus tissue grew at a similar rate to seedling trees and no obvious mutant type ...
DOI:
10.1093/treephys/16.5.521

96. Survival and regeneration of dormant silver birch buds stored at super-low temperatures

Author:
Ryynanen, L.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1996 v.26 no.4 pp. 617-623
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Betula pendula; buds; dormancy; cryopreservation; mortality
Abstract:
... Cryopreservation was developed for the storage of in vivo buds of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). The principles of the optimized method were the use of buds already acclimated in nature and slow freezing with a cooling velocity of 10 degrees C/h down to a terminal temperature of -38 degrees C. After 24 h at this temperature the buds were immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C for 8 day ...
DOI:
10.1139/x26-071

97. The effects of ozone and nutrient supply on stomatal response in birch (Betula pendula) leaves as determined by digital image‐analysis and X‐ray microanalysis

Author:
BEAT FREY; CHRISTOPH SCHEIDEGGER; MADELEINE S. GÜNTHARDT‐GOERG; RAINER MATYSSEK
Source:
new phytologist 1996 v.132 no.1 pp. 135-143
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
guard cells; temporal variation; turgor; nutrient availability; calcium; leaf area; ozone; environmental factors; Betula pendula; potassium; stomata; density; Switzerland
Abstract:
... Cuttings of Betula pendula Roth were grown in field fumigation chambers throughout one growing season in filtered air with < 3 nl l⁻¹ O₃ (control; C) or day/night = 90/40 nl 1⁻¹ O₃ (ozone fumigation: O₃). Plants were watered with either low (0·005 %: LF) or high‐concentrated (0·05%: HF) fertilizer solution. Discs between second‐order veins in the central portion of the leaves were excised and imme ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04519.x

98. The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves

Author:
E. PÄÄkkÖNEN; S. METSÄRINNE; T. HOLOPAINEN; L. KÄRENLAMPI
Source:
new phytologist 1996 v.132 no.1 pp. 145-154
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
chloroplasts; plant development; stress response; leaf area; ozone; acclimation; Betula pendula; mitochondria; biological resistance; stomata; leaf conductance; Finland
Abstract:
... Clonal birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings at three different developmental stages were fumigated for 12h daily with 50, W and 130 ppb ozone for 25 d. When transferred to fumigation chambers, the leaves of plant group 1 were almost expanded, in group 2 they were fast enlarging, and in group 3 all the leaves emerged under the exposure. The plants in which the leaves emerged under the ozone stres ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04520.x

99. Xylem dysfunction during winter and recovery of hydraulic conductivity in diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees

Author:
Hacke, U.; Sauter, J.J.
Source:
Oecologia 1996 v.105 no.4 pp. 435-439
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Fraxinus excelsior; Fagus sylvatica; Acer pseudoplatanus; Betula pendula; Populus balsamifera; Populus canadensis; xylem water potential; hydraulic conductivity; diurnal variation; seasonal variation; winter; spring
Abstract:
... Xylem embolism in winter and spring as well as the occurrence of positive xylem pressure were monitored in several diffuse-porous and one ring-porous tree species (Fraxinus excelsior). In Acer pseudoplatanus and Betula pendula embolism reversal was associated with positive (above-atmospheric) xylem pressures that frequently occurred during a 2-month period prior to leaf expansion. In Acer high ste ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00330005

100. 50 years’ succession on a woodland clearing in the mountain area of eastern Hesse

Author:
Th. Gregor; W. Seidling
Source:
Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 1997 v.116 no.1-6 pp. 218-231
ISSN:
0015-8003
Subject:
Acer pseudoplatanus; Betula pendula; Carpinus betulus; Fagus sylvatica; Populus tremula; Prunus avium; Quercus robur; Salix caprea; woodlands; Germany
Abstract:
... Succession was recorded over 50 years on a woodland clearing of 1 by means of two permanent plots (312 and 179 rrf) supplemented by recordings of stand structures. The Luzulo-Fagetum, a widespread woodland community on base- and nutrition-poor sites, is regarded as the potential natural vegetation of the site. Herbaceous pioneer-vegetation was present only in the first years,Rubus-xhlckets dominat ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02766899