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1. Is there really natural selection affecting the I frequencies (long hair) in the Brazilian cat populations?

Author:
Ruiz-Garcia, M.
Source:
Journal of heredity 2000 v.91 no.1 pp. 49-57
ISSN:
0022-1503
Subject:
alleles; climate; genetics; latitude; natural selection; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... The scientific literature on cat genetics contains a presumed typical example of natural selection affecting l frequencies (long hair) in 16 Brazilian cat populations. It has been observed that the hotter and more tropical the climate in Brazil, the lower the values of l frequencies in the cat populations. Nevertheless, this study of some new cat populations in Latin America showed that all of the ...
DOI:
10.1093/jhered/91.1.49

2. The Latin American retail environment

Author:
Stanton, J.L. Jr.
Source:
Journal of food products marketing 2001 v.6 no.4 pp. 3-8
ISSN:
1045-4446
Subject:
food marketing; retail marketing; economic development; profitability; food industry; Latin America; Brazil; Argentina; Mexico
DOI:
10.1300/J038v06n04_02

3. Food Security in Latin America

Author:
Adolfo Chávez; Miriam Muñoz
Source:
Food and nutrition bulletin v.23 no.4 pp. 349-350
ISSN:
0379-5721
Subject:
food availability; food security; globalization; islands; malnutrition; nutritional status; Andes region; Brazil; Caribbean; Central America; Colombia; Latin America; Mexico
Abstract:
... Although the nutrition situation in most Latin American countries is improving and malnutrition is easing, worrisome factors are emerging. Huge rural-to-urban migrations have been accompanied by a worsening nutrition situation in rural populations, especially in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil, a phenomenon not readily apparent from average food availability and malnutrition data. Average figures can ...
DOI:
10.1177/156482650202300404

4. Quality of fruits native to Latin America for processing: Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)

Author:
Moura, C.F.H.; Alves, R.E.; Filgueiras, H.A.C.; Araújo, N.C.C.; Almeida, A.S.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2002 v. no.575 pp. -
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
acidity; orchards; juices; fruits; wild plants; total soluble solids; pectins; enzymes; industry; raw materials; starch; European Union; ascorbic acid; odors; fruit trees; pulp; astringency; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Despite the great potential of mangaba as a fruit tree and even for gum production, it is not cultivated in commercial orchards. Collection of fruits from wild plants is at present the only means of exploitation. The unique flavor and aroma of mangaba make it one of the most popular among the native fruits in the Northeast region of Brazil as a raw material for fruit industries. With the objective ...

5. Latin American deer diversity and conservation: A review of status and distribution

Author:
Manuel Weber; Susana Gonzalez
Source:
Écoscience 2003 v.10 no.4 pp. 443-454
ISSN:
2376-7626
Subject:
Blastocerus dichotomus; Cervus elaphus; Hippocamelus antisensis; Hippocamelus bisulcus; Odocoileus hemionus; Odocoileus virginianus; Ozotoceros bezoarticus; Pudu mephistophiles; conservation status; deer; endangered species; prediction; trade; Brazil; Mexico
Abstract:
... We reviewed the scientific literature published from 1940 to 2002 on Latin American (Mexican and Central and South American) deer (Mammalia: Cervidae), focusing on conservation status and prediction of geographic distributions. The extant Latin American deer are the most diverse deer assemblage in the world (Cervinae: one genus, one species: Elk [Cervus elaphus]; Odocoilineae: six genera, 18 speci ...
DOI:
10.1080/11956860.2003.11682792

6. Oil palm bud rot in Latin America

Author:
Franqueville, H. De
Source:
Experimental agriculture 2003 v.39 no.3 pp. 225-240
ISSN:
0014-4797
Subject:
Elaeis guineensis; Elaeis oleifera; genetics; hybrids; indigenous species; infectious diseases; insect vectors; oils; Brazil; Colombia; Ecuador; Latin America; Panama; Suriname
Abstract:
... In South and Central America, tens of thousands of hectares of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are affected by bud-rot types of disease. Having destroyed entire estates in Panama, Colombia, Suriname, Brazil and Ecuador, they are holding back the development of oil palm cultivation in Latin America. The cause is unknown. Indeed, 30 years after these diseases first wreaked havoc on a large scale ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0014479703001315

7. Molecular and morphometric analyses of Xiphidorus species (Nematoda: Longidoridae)

Author:
Claudio M.G. Oliveira; Luiz C.C.B. Ferraz; Ailton R. Monteiro; Brian Fenton; Gaynor Malloch; Roy Neilson
Source:
Nematology v.6 no.5 pp. 715-727
ISSN:
1388-5545
Subject:
Xiphinema; geographical distribution; morphometry; nematology; phylogeny; principal component analysis; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Xiphidorus nematodes are indigenous to Latin America and have a restricted geographical distribution compared to Xiphinema. A principal component analysis (PCA) based on eight morphometric characters from 39 South American populations clearly separated populations previously identified as X. achalae, X. amazonensis, X. minor, X. saladillensis and X. uruguayensis and three undescribed Xiphidorus sp ...
DOI:
10.1163/1568541042843487

8. Characteristics Attributed to Complementary Foods by Caregivers in Four Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean

Author:
Tanushree Dutta; Sara M. Sywulka; Edward A. Frongillo; Chessa K. Lutter
Source:
Food and nutrition bulletin v.27 no.4 pp. 316-326
ISSN:
0379-5721
Subject:
bananas; beans; caregivers; carrots; chicken meat; children; complementary feeding; complementary foods; developing countries; education programs; eggs; food quality; interviews; mothers; nutrient content; oranges; Brazil; Caribbean; Jamaica; Latin America; Mexico; Panama
Abstract:
... Attributes that caregivers assign to complementary foods have been primarily described in the context of illness, but attributes assigned to foods in everyday circumstances must be understood to effectively promote good complementary feeding. This study aimed to understand how mothers judge complementary foods to be appropriate by cross-cultural examination of food perceptions in four different La ...
DOI:
10.1177/156482650602700406

9. Global Biomass Energy Potential

Author:
José Roberto Moreira
Source:
Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2006 v.11 no.2 pp. 313-342
ISSN:
1381-2386
Subject:
alcohols; bioenergy; biomass; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate change; cost effectiveness; crops; electricity; emissions; employment; energy density; forests; fossil fuels; gasification; models; oils; primary energy; rain; reforestation; sugarcane; sustainable development; Africa; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... The intensive use of renewable energy is one of the options to stabilize CO₂atmospheric concentration at levels of 350 to 550ppm. A recent evaluation of the global potential of primary renewable energy carried out by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sets a value of at least 2800EJ/yr, which is more than the most energy-intensive SRES scenario forecast for the world energy requireme ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11027-005-9003-8

10. History of Nuclear Power in Brazil

Author:
Luiz Pinguelli Rosa
Source:
Energy & environment v.17 no.3 pp. 485-495
ISSN:
2048-4070
Subject:
energy; industry; nuclear power; uranium; Argentina; Brazil; Germany; Latin America; United States
Abstract:
... The 1973 energy crisis prompted the United States to suspend supplies of enriched uranium to the reactor being built in Brazil, Angra I. In 1975, the Brazil–Germany Nuclear Agreement was announced. The Programme was a failure. Today the Angra II nuclear reactor has been completed, the only reactor completed under the agreement with Germany. Brazil's last military President implemented the Parallel ...
DOI:
10.1260/095830506778119380

11. Sources of reactive nitrogen affecting ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean: current trends and future perspectives

Author:
Martinelli, L.A.; Howarth, R.W.; Cuevas, E.; Filoso, S.; Austin, A.T.; Donoso, L.; Huszar, V.; Keeney, D.; Lara, L.L.; Llerena, C.
Source:
Biogeochemistry 2006 v.79 no.1-2 pp. 3-24
ISSN:
0168-2563
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; biomass; burning; cities; combustion; crops; ecosystems; emissions; environmental impact; forests; fossil fuels; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fertilizers; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; sewage; sewage treatment; socioeconomic factors; soybeans; surface water; urbanization; Argentina; Brazil; Canada; Caribbean; Latin America; United States
Abstract:
... While the amount of reactive nitrogen circulating at the global level has increased markedly in the last century, the effects of this increase are largely seen at the regional level due to interacting ecological and socio-economic factors. In contrast with most other regions of the world, Latin America and the Caribbean (LA-Ca) stand out due to the fact that the major input of reactive nitrogen (N ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10533-006-9000-3

12. Brazilian Páramos IV. Phytogeography of the campos de altitude

Author:
DeForest Safford, Hugh
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2007 v.34 no.10 pp. 1701-1722
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
allopatry; altitude; ancestry; center of diversity; ecosystems; flora; forests; gravity; habitats; hemicryptophytes; highlands; indigenous species; insects; latitude; mountains; multivariate analysis; phanerophytes; phytogeography; pollination; shrublands; temperature; wind; Andes region; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... This contribution treats the phytogeography of the contemporary campos de altitude flora, with a focus on patterns at the level of genus. Comparative analysis using data from 17 other sites in Latin America is used to describe phytogeographical patterns at the continental scale. Results are combined with those of previous publications to shed light on the biogeographical origins of contemporary fl ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01732.x

13. Celso Furtado and development: an outline

Author:
Carlos Mallorquín
Source:
Development in practice 2007 v.17 no.6 pp. 807-819
ISSN:
1364-9213
Subject:
economics; evolution; politics; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... This review essay focuses on the most crucial points in the evolution of Celso Furtado's contribution to economic and political thought in relation to development, in the hope that a wider readership will appreciate the importance of his ideas to Latin America's ‘development’ during the 1960s and 1970s, and perhaps even see value in reviving them. It opens with a description of the background to t ...
DOI:
10.1080/09614520701628485

14. Genetic variation in populations of the cacao wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis cacaofunesta

Author:
Engelbrecht, C.J.B.; Harrington, T.C.; Alfenas, A.C.; Suarez, C.
Source:
Plant pathology 2007 v.56 no.6 pp. 923-933
ISSN:
0032-0862
Subject:
Ceratocystis fimbriata; DNA fingerprinting; Theobroma cacao; genetic markers; genetic variation; hosts; mitochondrial DNA; nuclear genome; pathogens; vascular wilt; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Latin America
Abstract:
... Ceratocystis cacaofunesta (= Ceratocystis fimbriata) causes a lethal wilt disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Latin America. Polymorphic microsatellite markers, (CAT)₅ nuclear DNA fingerprints and Hae III mitochondrial DNA fingerprints were used to compare genetic diversity among isolates of C. cacaofunesta collected from populations in western Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Rondônia and Bah ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01735.x

15. Investigations on the biology, epidemiology, pathology and control of Tunga penetrans in Brazil. VI. Natural history of the infestation in laboratory-raised Wistar rats

Author:
Feldmeier, Hermann; Witt, Lars; Schwalfenberg, Stefan; Linardi, Pedro M.; Ribeiro, Ronaldo A.; Capaz, Raphael A. C.; Van Marck, Eric; Meckes, Oliver; Mehlhorn, Heinz; Mencke, Norbert; Heukelbach, Jörg
Source:
Parasitology research 2007 v.102 no.1 pp. 1-13
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Tunga penetrans; basement membrane; dermis; epidemiology; histopathology; humans; immunology; models; morbidity; natural history; parasites; parasitoses; pathophysiology; rats; scanning electron microscopy; therapeutics; Brazil; Caribbean; Latin America
Abstract:
... Tungiasis is endemic in many countries in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa, and it is associated with severe morbidity. The pathophysiological and immunological characteristics of the ectoparasitosis are not well understood, and no effective therapy is currently available. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of tungiasis in laboratory-raised Wistar rats. Th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-007-0731-4
PubMed:
17851690

16. Land Reform, Rural Social Relations and the Peasantry

Author:
AKRAM-LODHI, A. HAROON
Source:
Journal of agrarian change 2007 v.7 no.4 pp. 554-562
ISSN:
1471-0358
Subject:
case studies; community supported agriculture; econometric models; farm families; farm ownership; farmers; food production; foods; land reform; land rights; peasantry; politics; rural sociology; small-scale farming; social networks; socioeconomic status; Africa; Asia; Brazil; Cuba; Latin America
Abstract:
... A new book, Promised Land: Competing Visions of Agrarian Reform, edited by Peter Rosset, Raj Patel and Michael Courville is considered. This book, via both general analytical treatment and a series of case studies set in Latin America, Asia and Africa, offers a powerful critique of the World Bank's market-led agrarian reform (MLAR) and provides an alternative model of agrarian reform, the 'food so ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-0366.2007.00156.x

17. The Effects of Forestry Decentralization on Access to Livelihood Assets

Author:
Anne M. Larson; Pablo Pacheco; Fabiano Toni; Mario Vallejo
Source:
Journal of environment & development 2007 v.16 no.3 pp. 251-268
ISSN:
1552-5465
Subject:
assets; decentralization; forest management; forests; issues and policy; livelihood; models; monitoring; Bolivia; Brazil; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
Abstract:
... Despite its argued theoretical benefits, forestry decentralization in practice can have detrimental effects on forest-dependent peoples, but little is understood about the specific paths by which decentralization affects livelihoods. This article, based on data from research in 2005 in Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, presents a working conceptual model for analyzing these inte ...
DOI:
10.1177/1070496507306220

18. Trade and Biotechnology in Latin America: Democratization, Contestation and the Politics of Mobilization

Author:
NEWELL, PETER
Source:
Journal of agrarian change 2008 v.8 no.2-3 pp. 345-376
ISSN:
1471-0358
Subject:
agricultural biotechnology; agricultural policy; attitudes and opinions; genes; genetic engineering; politics; trade liberalization; Argentina; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... This research explores the role of agrarian and environmental movements in contesting the development and promotion of agricultural biotechnology through trade liberalization in Latin America. Organized around themes of mobilization, participation and representation, it raises key questions about who mobilizes and how, and about the strategic dilemmas that arise when movements with different histo ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-0366.2008.00173.x

19. Changing Drivers of Deforestation and New Opportunities for Conservation

Author:
RUDEL, THOMAS K.; DEFRIES, RUTH; ASNER, GREGORY P.; LAURANCE, WILLIAM F.
Source:
Conservation biology 2009 v.23 no.6 pp. 1396-1405
ISSN:
0888-8892
Subject:
biodiversity; case studies; deforestation; ecosystems; environmental stewardship; forest growth; globalization; highlands; humans; land cover; lowlands; markets; meta-analysis; population growth; rain forests; ranchers; tropical forests; tropics; urbanization; Brazil; Indonesia; Latin America
Abstract:
... Over the past 50 years, human agents of deforestation have changed in ways that have potentially important implications for conservation efforts. We characterized these changes through a meta-analysis of case studies of land-cover change in the tropics. From the 1960s to the 1980s, small-scale farmers, with state assistance, deforested large areas of tropical forest in Southeast Asia and Latin Ame ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01332.x
PubMed:
20078640

20. Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Oestridae)

Author:
BITARELLO, BÁRBARA DOMINGUES; TORRES, TATIANA TEIXEIRA; LYRA, MARIANA LÚCIO; DE AZEREDO-ESPIN, ANA MARIA LIMA
Source:
Molecular ecology resources 2009 v.9 no.1 pp. 409-411
ISSN:
1755-0998
Subject:
Dermatobia hominis; alleles; bot flies; genetic markers; heterozygosity; humans; loci; parasites; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... In this report, we describe the development of 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, an obligatory parasite of mammals of great veterinary importance in Latin America. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 21 per locus, with a mean of 12.2 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.2571 to 0.9206 and from 0.2984 to 0.9291 in two populati ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02454.x
PubMed:
21564664

21. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus genotype A from Argentina and Brazil

Author:
Mbayed, Viviana Andrea; Piñeiro y Leone, Flavia Guadalupe; Pezzano, Silvana Claudia; Campos, Rodolfo Héctor
Source:
Archives of virology 2009 v.154 no.3 pp. 525-529
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Hepatitis B virus; amino acids; genotype; Argentina; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... To study the diversification of hepatitis B virus genotype A in Latin America, we analyzed seven new Argentinian isolates and published sequences from Argentina and Brazil and other countries from the region. We found that the European subgenotype A2 prevailed in most of the countries except for Brazil, where the African subgenotype A1 predominated. A2 isolates did not differ significantly from th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-009-0328-6
PubMed:
19225714

22. New neotropical distribution records of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Author:
López-Martínez, Víctor; Saavedra-Aguilar, Mario; Delfín-González, Hugo; Figueroa-de la Rosa, J.I.; García-Ramírez, María de J.
Source:
Neotropical entomology 2009 v.38 no.2 pp. 213-218
ISSN:
1519-566X
Subject:
tropics; Braconidae; species diversity; new geographic records; Panama; Chile; Costa Rica; Brazil; Mexico; Guatemala
Abstract:
... New distribution records of 22 braconid species belonging to Agathidinae, Braconinae, Helconinae, Homolobinae and Rogadinae subfamilies from Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Panama are presented. Agathirsia ninesevenci Pucci & Sharkey is reported for the first time from Mexico; Homolobus acares van Achterberg, H. antefurcalis van Achterberg and H.infumator (Lyle) from Costa Rica; T ...
DOI:
10.1590/S1519-566X2009000200008
PubMed:
19488510

23. Physicochemical and mechanical characterization of galactomannan from Mimosa scabrella: Effect of drying method

Author:
Vendruscolo, Cristina W.; Ferrero, Carmen; Pineda, Edgardo A.G.; Silveira, Joana L.M.; Freitas, Rilton A.; Jiménez-Castellanos, Maria Rosa; Bresolin, Tania M.B.
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2009 v.76 no.1 pp. 86-93
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
vacuum drying; Mimosa scabrella; seeds; biopolymers; galactomannans; hydrocolloids; spray drying; physicochemical properties; mechanical properties; Latin America; Brazil
Abstract:
... The galactomannan from Mimosa scabrella Bentham was extracted on a pilot plant scale and dried either by vacuum oven (GVO) or by spray-drier (GSD) to evaluate the effect of the drying technique on the powder quality and its applicability as excipient in solid dosage forms. The analysis by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled to multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) su ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.028

24. The MST and the EZLN Struggle for Land: New Forms of Peasant Rebellions

Author:
VERGARA-CAMUS, LEANDRO
Source:
Journal of agrarian change 2009 v.9 no.3 pp. 365-391
ISSN:
1471-0358
Subject:
activists; globalization; labor; land rights; livelihood; peasantry; politics; rural sociology; Brazil; Latin America; Mexico
Abstract:
... In this article, the author reviews some of the conclusions of the literature on peasant rebellions in the light of current land struggles of the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) in Brazil and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico. The author argues that conventional explanations of peasant rebellions are inappropriate for the analysis of current land struggles ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00216.x

25. The efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in three countries of southern Latin America

Author:
Bustamante, Miguel; Steffan, Pedro E.; Bonino Morlán, Jorge; Echevarria, Flavio; Fiel, César A.; Cardozo, Herculano; Castells, Daniel; Hosking, Barry C.
Source:
Parasitology research 2009 v.106 no.1 pp. 139-144
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Cooperia curticei; Cooperia oncophora; Haemonchus contortus; Nematodirus spathiger; Ostertagia; Teladorsagia; Trichostrongylus axei; Trichostrongylus colubriformis; anthelmintics; gastrointestinal nematodes; sheep; Argentina; Brazil; Latin America; Uruguay
Abstract:
... The efficacy of the novel anthelmintic, monepantel (an amino-acetonitrile derivative), was investigated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in five studies in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Monepantel, administered at 2.5 mg/kg liveweight, was highly effective (>99.7%) against Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrong ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-009-1638-z
PubMed:
19789895

26. A summit of cladistics: abstracts of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society and VIII Reunión Argentina de Cladística y Biogeografía

Author:
Szumik, Claudia; Goloboff, Pablo
Source:
Cladistics 2010 v.26 no.2 pp. 202-226
ISSN:
0748-3007
Subject:
Opiliones; biogeography; frogs; funding; genes; heat; molecular systematics; phylogeny; society; students; Argentina; Brazil; Latin America; United States
Abstract:
... The 27th meeting of the Willi Hennig Society was held at the Sierras de San Javier, Tucumán (27-31 October 2008), jointly with the VIII Reunión Argentina de Cladística y Biogeografía. This was the second Hennig meeting held in South America and the third in Latin America. The event was attended by 129 participants from 16 countries, with the strongest presence from Argentina, USA and Brazil. As po ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00285.x

27. Trypanosoma cruzi infection: do distinct populations cause intestinal motility alteration

Author:
de Melo Medeiros, Monica; Araújo-Jorge, Tania C.; Batista, Wanderson S.; da Silva, Tshaca Mahatma Oara Alves; de Souza, Andréa Pereira
Source:
Parasitology research 2010 v.107 no.1 pp. 239-242
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; adults; alternative medicine; gastrointestinal motility; mice; mortality; parasitemia; patients; prospective studies; public health; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem in Latin America. Disturbances in gastrointestinal motility are observed in 15-20% of patients at the chronic phase. We previously observed a decrease in intestinal motility in mice infected with Y strain from T. cruzi. Thus, we decided to test if infection with other T. cruzi strains also caused the intestinal dist ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-1871-5
PubMed:
20454805

28. Current Status and Bottle Neck of Octopod Aquaculture: The Case of American Species

Author:
Iker Uriarte; José Iglesias; Pedro Domingues; Carlos Rosas; María T. Viana; Juan C. Navarro; Pedro Seixas; Erica Vidal; Alberto Ausburger; Sandra Pereda; Félix Godoy; Kurt Paschke; Ana Farías; Alberto Olivares; Oscar Zuñiga
Source:
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2011 v.42 no.6 pp. 735-752
ISSN:
0893-8849
Subject:
Octopus vulgaris; aquaculture; egg incubation; environmental factors; experts; health status; juveniles; markets; Brazil; Chile; Latin America
Abstract:
... The increasing market demand for cephalopods and the experiences obtained with different species has boosted the interest in developing their culture in Latin America. In 2008, an international workshop was held in Puerto Montt, Chile, with 14 experts in experimental cephalopods aquaculture from Brazil, Chile, Spain, and Mexico. Several topics were approached within the holobenthic species Octopus ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00524.x

29. Genetic analysis of ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group in Latin America

Author:
Jonas Moraes-Filho; Arlei Marcili; Fernanda A. Nieri-Bastos; Leonardo J. Richtzenhain; Marcelo B. Labruna
Source:
Acta tropica 2011 v.117 no.1 pp. 51-55
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Rhipicephalus turanicus; genetic techniques and protocols; haplotypes; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; ticks; Brazil; Italy; Latin America; Mexico; South Africa; Spain
Abstract:
... Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences were generated from Rhipicephalus sanguineus group specimens collected in 29 localities among 9 Latin-American countries, plus ticks collected in South Africa, Spain, and Italy. Sequences from Latin America generated six different haplotypes (A, B, C, D, E, and F). Phylogenetic analyses generated trees that segregated our tick sequenc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.09.006

30. Large-scale ecological restoration of high-diversity tropical forests in SE Brazil

Author:
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues; Sergius Gandolfi; André Gustavo Nave; James Aronson; Tiago Egydio Barreto; Cristina Yuri Vidal; Pedro H.S. Brancalion
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2011 v.261 no.10 pp. 1605-1613
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
biodiversity; ecological restoration; ecosystem services; forest ecosystems; habitat fragmentation; indigenous species; land use; landowners; landscapes; large farms; mixed cropping; models; motivation; plantations; private lands; riparian areas; riparian forests; small farms; tropical forests; tropics; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... The complex interactions among endangered ecosystems, landowners’ interests, and different models of land tenure and use, constitute an important series of challenges for those seeking to maintain and restore biodiversity and augment the flow of ecosystem services. Over the past 10 years, we have developed a data-based approach to address these challenges and to achieve medium and large-scale ecol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.005

31. Locating REDD: A global survey and analysis of REDD readiness and demonstration activities

Author:
Gillian A. Cerbu; Brent M. Swallow; Dara Y. Thompson
Source:
Environmental science & policy 2011 v.14 no.2 pp. 168-180
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
Internet; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; biodiversity; carbon sinks; deforestation; developing countries; e-mail; forests; geographical distribution; governance; greenhouse gas emissions; humans; international organizations; interviews; issues and policy; models; opportunity costs; politics; questionnaires; surveys; threatened species; tropics; Africa; Brazil; Indonesia; Latin America
Abstract:
... Mechanisms that support reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD/REDD+) have potential to counteract a large share of global greenhouse gas emissions if implemented effectively across the tropics. In 2007 the conference of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called upon parties and international organizations to promote REDD through investm ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2010.09.007

32. Performance of coconut embryo culture accessions introduced at the International Coconut Genebank for Latin America and the Caribbean (ICG-LAC)

Author:
Ledo, A.S.; Ramos, S.R.R.; Diniz, L.E.C.; Konan, J.L.K.; George, M.L.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2011 v. no.918 pp. 161-166
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
bacteria; coconuts; culture media; embryo culture; endosperm; fruits; fungi; germination; germplasm; plant tissues; storage time; tissue culture; trees; Brazil; Caribbean; Cote d'Ivoire; India; Latin America; Pacific Ocean Islands; Sri Lanka
Abstract:
... The present work is a partial report for the introduction of eleven accessions of dwarf coconut and one accession of giant coconut tree into the International Coconut Genebank for Latin America and the Caribbean (ICG-LAC), a partnership between Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (CPATC) and Bioversity International, coordinated by Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT). These accessions, originated fr ...

33. Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA), a novel approach to biogeography and speciation research, with an example from Brazilian Gentianaceae

Author:
Lena Struwe; Peter E. Smouse; Einar Heiberg; Scott Haag; Richard G. Lathrop
Source:
Journal of biogeography 2011 v.38 no.10 pp. 1841-1854
ISSN:
0305-0270
Subject:
Gentianaceae; bedrock; biogeography; habitats; phylogeny; soil types; spatial data; temperature; vegetation; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Aim Spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) is a simple analytical method that evaluates environmental or ecological divergence associated with evolutionary splits. It integrates evolutionary hypotheses, phylogenetic data, and spatial, temporal, environmental and geographical information to elucidate patterns. Using a phylogeny of Prepusa Mart. and Senaea Taub. (Angiosperma ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02532.x

34. Taking advantage of storm and waste water retention basins as part of water use minimization in industrial sites

Author:
Karla Patricia Oliveira-Esquerre; Asher Kiperstok; Mario Cezar Mattos; Eduardo Cohim; Ricardo Kalid; Emerson Andrade Sales; Victor Matta Pires
Source:
Resources, conservation, and recycling 2011 v.55 no.3 pp. 316-324
ISSN:
0921-3449
Subject:
basins; databases; effluents; geographic information systems; industrial applications; metallurgy; storms; stormwater; sustainable technology; wastewater; water flow; water harvesting; water pollution; water reservoirs; water reuse; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... A methodology for water use minimization has been developed by the Clean Technology Network of Bahia over a 10 year period in joint cooperative programs with the chemical, petrochemical and copper metallurgy industries located in the largest Industrial Complex in Latin America, in Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil. The methodology comprises a set of tools including reconciled aqueous stream balances, databa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.10.004

35. A model for estimation of potential generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Brazil

Author:
Marcelo Guimarães Araújo; Alessandra Magrini; Cláudio Fernando Mahler; Bernd Bilitewski
Source:
Waste management 2012 v.32 no.2 pp. 335-342
ISSN:
0956-053X
Subject:
consumer behavior; developing countries; electronic equipment; electronic wastes; infrastructure; markets; models; sales; waste management; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Sales of electrical and electronic equipment are increasing dramatically in developing countries. Usually, there are no reliable data about quantities of the waste generated. A new law for solid waste management was enacted in Brazil in 2010, and the infrastructure to treat this waste must be planned, considering the volumes of the different types of electrical and electronic equipment generated. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.020

36. Advances of hydroponics in Latin America

Author:
Rodríguez-Delfín, A.
Source:
Acta horticulturae 2012 v. no.947 pp. 23-32
ISSN:
0567-7572
Subject:
peat; agricultural soils; rice; poverty; sawdust; potatoes; sand; mosses and liverworts; tomatoes; growers; strawberries; certification; hydroponics; viruses; horticulture; urban agriculture; profits and margins; cities; seed tubers; gravel; pumice; family support; lettuce; statistics; income; rivers; quartz; microirrigation; nutrition; wool; pepper; developed countries; Costa Rica; Mexico; Chile; Latin America; Colombia; Bolivia; Ecuador; Andes region; Brazil; Peru
Abstract:
... Hydroponics has been used during years for research in the field of plant mineral nutrition and related topics. Today the soilless culture method is the most intensive horticulture production and is being applied with success in developed countries for commercial purposes. The growing and future of hydroponics in Latin America will much depend of the developing and adaptation of less sophisticated ...
DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.947.1

37. Agrarian structure, foreign investment in land, and land prices in Brazil

Author:
Sérgio Sauer; Sergio Pereira Leite
Source:
Journal of peasant studies 2012 v.39 no.3-4 pp. 873-898
ISSN:
1743-9361
Subject:
agricultural land; collective action; ethanol; grains; issues and policy; land values; sugars; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... The recent global rush for farmland in Latin America has produced a dramatic increase in the level of foreign investment in land in Brazil. The current trend accentuates the ongoing process of foreignization of agriculture associated with the production of grains, sugar, ethanol and other commodities, increasing land prices. In response, the Brazilian government reestablished a legal mechanism for ...
DOI:
10.1080/03066150.2012.686492

38. Birth weight, current body mass index, and insulin sensitivity and secretion in young adults in two Latin American populations

Author:
A.A.M. Silva; C.J.N. Santos; H. Amigo; M.A. Barbieri; P. Bustos; H. Bettiol; R.J. Rona
Source:
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases 2012 v.22 no.6 pp. 533-539
ISSN:
0939-4753
Subject:
birth weight; blood glucose; body mass index; fasting; insulin; insulin resistance; insulin secretion; linear models; regression analysis; young adults; Brazil; Chile
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although studies have shown association of birth weight (BW) and adult body mass index (BMI) with insulin sensitivity in adults, there is limited evidence that BW is associated with insulin secretion. We assessed the associations between BW and current BMI with insulin sensitivity and secretion in young Latin American adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two birth cohorts, one from Ri ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.012
PubMed:
21543197

39. Conspicuous multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster strains do not trespass country borders in Latin America and Spain

Author:
Viviana Ritacco; María-José Iglesias; Lucilaine Ferrazoli; Johana Monteserin; Elis R. Dalla Costa; Alberto Cebollada; Nora Morcillo; Jaime Robledo; Jacobus H. de Waard; Pamela Araya; Liselotte Aristimuño; Raúl Díaz; Patricia Gavin; Belen Imperiale; Vera Simonsen; Elsa M. Zapata; María S. Jiménez; Maria L. Rossetti; Carlos Martin; Lucía Barrera; Sofia Samper
Source:
Infection, genetics, and evolution 2012 v.12 no.4 pp. 711-717
ISSN:
1567-1348
Subject:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; databases; genotype; immigration; multiple drug resistance; patients; restriction fragment length polymorphism; strain differences; tuberculosis; Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; China; Colombia; Ecuador; Latin America; Peru; Spain; Venezuela
Abstract:
... Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain diversity in Ibero-America was examined by comparing extant genotype collections in national or state tuberculosis networks. To this end, genotypes from over 1000 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosed from 2004 through 2008 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Spain were compared in a database constructed ad h ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.006
PubMed:
21718805

40. Geographical origin and drying methodology may affect the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill) N.E. Brown

Author:
Simone Teles; José Alberto Pereira; Carlos H.B. Santos; Renata V. Menezes; Ricardo Malheiro; Angélica M. Lucchese; Franceli Silva
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2012 v.37 no.1 pp. 247-252
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Lippia alba; carvone; drying; essential oils; field experimentation; gases; germacrene; ginger; grasses; leaf oils; leaves; lipid content; medicinal plants; provenance; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, the ginger grass, is a medicinal and aromatic plant widely used in Latin America. In this work the effect of the geographical origin and different drying methodologies on L. alba leaves production, essential oil content and composition were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted in three different municipalities (Amargosa, Cruz das Almas and Santo Antônio de Je ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.029

41. Growing Latin American Science

Author:
Celia R. S. Garcia; Armando J. Parodi; Glaucius Oliva
Source:
Science 2012 v.338 no.6111 pp. 1127
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
concentrating; funding; industry; labor force; scientists; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Latin America
Abstract:
... How can a country rapidly improve its capacity in Science, Technology, and Innovation? Invest in people, as Latin America is doing. For Brazil, supporting this effort through international exchange and increased mobility over the past year will substantially enlarge the nation's corpus of highly qualified scientists and technologists. Argentina has increased its number of doctoral fellowships and ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1232223

42. Growth and complementary feeding in the Americas

Author:
C.K. Lutter
Source:
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases 2012 v.22 no.10 pp. 806-812
ISSN:
0939-4753
Subject:
adults; breast feeding; children; chronic diseases; complementary foods; data collection; diet; growth retardation; infants; malnutrition; overweight; soft drinks; surveys; underweight; Brazil; Caribbean; Latin America; Mexico; United States
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To describe growth patterns of young children in Latin America and the Caribbean, the types of nationally representative data available on complementary feeding practices and complementary feeding practices. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on growth, timing of introduction of liquids and foods, and complementary feeding practices were abstracted from nationally representative survey ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.004
PubMed:
22917601

43. Identification of lineage III of G12 rotavirus strains in diarrheic children in the Northern Region of Brazil between 2008 and 2010

Author:
Luana da Silva Soares; Patrícia dos Santos Lobo; Joana D’Arc Pereira Mascarenhas; Darivaldo Luz Neri; Sylvia de Fátima dos Santos Guerra; Alessilva do Socorro Lima de Oliveira; Régis Piloni Maestri; Darleise de Souza Oliveira; Euzeni Maria de Fátima Costa de Menezes; Alexandre da Costa Linhares
Source:
Archives of virology 2012 v.157 no.1 pp. 135-139
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Rotavirus; children; diarrhea; genes; genotype; monitoring; phylogeny; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... This study reports on the surveillance for rotavirus genotypes and the identification of G12 human rotavirus in the Northern Region of Brazil. Rotavirus-positive samples were collected from children <5 years of age with acute diarrhea from January 2008 to October 2010. G2P[4] was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 45.6% (126/303) of cases. Five rotavirus strains bearing G12P[6] genotype s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-011-1111-z
PubMed:
21947565

44. Influence of cultivar and environment on quality of Latin American wheats

Author:
Daniel Vázquez; Andrés G. Berger; Martha Cuniberti; Carlos Bainotti; Martha Zavariz de Miranda; Pedro Luiz Scheeren; Claudio Jobet; Javier Zúñiga; Graciela Cabrera; Rubén Verges; Roberto Javier Peña
Source:
Journal of cereal science 2012 v.56 no.2 pp. 196-203
ISSN:
0733-5210
Subject:
Latinos; agroecological zones; alleles; breads; color; cultivars; falling number; flour; genotype; gluten; glutenins; grain yield; wheat; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Latin America; Paraguay; Uruguay
Abstract:
... Wheat consumption is growing, with processors asking for wheat-based products showing better and more consistent quality. Genotype, environment and their interaction (G × E) play an important role in the final expression of quality attributes. An international research consortium was developed in order to evaluate the magnitude of genotype, environment and G × E effects on wheat quality of cultiva ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcs.2012.03.004

45. Medical knowledge exchanges between Brazil and Portugal: An ethnopharmacological perspective

Author:
Ivone Manzali de Sá; Elaine Elisabetsky
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2012 v.142 no.3 pp. 762-768
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
Abuta; Carapichea ipecacuanha; Curcuma longa; Europeans; Pilocarpus; Ruta; medicinal plants; plant development; socioeconomic status; traditional medicine; Brazil; Latin America; Portugal
Abstract:
... ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Like many traditional medical systems found at Latin America, the very existence of a Brazilian traditional medical system is debated. Despite the absence of written material and organized knowledge, there is little doubt that Brazilians from all regions and all social classes recognize and access an estimated 4000 plant species with alleged therapeutic purposes as ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.058
PubMed:
22683904

46. Occurrence of Diapause and the Role of Andropogon bicornis (Poaceae) Tussocks on the Seasonal Abundance and Mortality of Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Author:
Klein Joana Tartari; Redaelli Luiza Rodrigues; Barcellos Aline
Source:
Florida entomologist 2012 v.95 no.4 pp. 813-818
ISSN:
1938-5102
Subject:
insects; overwintering; Tibraca limbativentris; hibernation; rice; autumn; fat body; diapause; pests; Andropogon; paddies; grasslands; mortality; adults; crops; Argentina; Brazil; Latin America; Mexico
Abstract:
... The rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a major pest of rice crops throughout Latin America. We investigated the occurrence of diapause in T. limbativentris, as well as the role of West Indian foxtail, Andropogon bicornis L.(Poaceae), in its seasonal abundance and mortality. This plant grows spontaneously in grasslands from Mexico to Argentina, including ...
DOI:
10.1653/024.095.0401

47. One century of arsenic exposure in Latin America: A review of history and occurrence from 14 countries

Author:
Jochen Bundschuh; Marta I. Litter; Faruque Parvez; Gabriela Román-Ross; Hugo B. Nicolli; Jiin-Shuh Jean; Chen-Wuing Liu; Dina López; María A. Armienta; Luiz R.G. Guilherme; Alina Gomez Cuevas; Lorena Cornejo; Luis Cumbal; Regla Toujaguez
Source:
Science of the total environment 2012 v.429 no. pp. 2-35
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
water supply; heavy metals; mountains; anthropogenic activities; public health; volcanic rocks; oxidation; water pollution; arsenic; pollutants; aquifers; drinking water; lowlands; rivers; sulfide minerals; pH; sulfides; desorption; Argentina; Chile; Honduras; Latin America; Colombia; Bolivia; Paraguay; Ecuador; Andes region; Brazil; Guatemala; Peru; Nicaragua; El Salvador; Uruguay
Abstract:
... The global impact on public health of elevated arsenic (As) in water supplies is highlighted by an increasing number of countries worldwide reporting high As concentrations in drinking water. In Latin America, the problem of As contamination in water is known in 14 out of 20 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.024
PubMed:
21959248

48. Population dynamics of DENV-1 genotype V in Brazil is characterized by co-circulation and strain/lineage replacement

Author:
Betânia Paiva Drumond; Adriano Mondini; Diane J. Schmidt; Irene Bosch; Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
Source:
Archives of virology 2012 v.157 no.11 pp. 2061-2073
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
Dengue virus; dengue; evolution; fever; genetic variation; genome; genotype; monitoring; population dynamics; viruses; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... Following successive outbreaks of dengue fever caused predominantly by dengue virus (DENV) 2 and 3, DENV-1 is now the primary serotype circulating in Brazil. We sequenced and analyzed Brazilian DENV-1 genomes and found that all isolates belong to genotype V and are subdivided into three lineages, which were introduced during four different events. The first introduction occurred in 1984-85, the se ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-012-1393-9
PubMed:
22777179

49. Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): an exploding mite pest in the neotropics

Author:
Ethan C. Kane; Ronald Ochoa; Guy Mathurin; Eric F. Erbe; Jennifer J. Beard
Source:
Experimental & applied acarology 2012 v.57 no.3-4 pp. 215-225
ISSN:
0168-8162
Subject:
Tenuipalpidae; bananas; coconuts; economic impact; islands; light microscopy; mites; ornamental plants; pests; plantations; scanning electron microscopy; Brazil; Colombia; Mexico; United States; Venezuela
Abstract:
... Major infestations of the flat mite species Raoiella indica Hirst affecting bananas, palms and other ornamental plants have been reported from the Caribbean islands, Mexico, FL (USA), Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil. Specimens from these localities were examined using traditional light microscopy and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy techniques. While little is known about the biology of ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10493-012-9541-1
PubMed:
22392436

50. Seasonal AVS–SEM relationship in sediments and potential bioavailability of metals in industrialized estuary, southeastern Brazil

Author:
Erico Casare Nizoli; Wanilson Luiz-Silva
Source:
Environmental geochemistry and health 2012 v.34 no.2 pp. 263-272
ISSN:
0269-4042
Subject:
bioavailability; estuaries; industrialization; metals; sediments; summer; winter; Brazil; Latin America
Abstract:
... In anoxic sediments, as those found in estuaries, the mobility of metals can be controlled by the formation of stable sulfide complexes. The potential bioavailability of a metal can then be predicted on the basis of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) criterion. Distributions of AVS and SEM (Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni) along the sediment profiles were determin ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10653-011-9430-2
PubMed:
21964870