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1. Chemical composition and heavy metal content of Chilean seaweeds: Potential applications of seaweed meal as food and feed ingredients

Author:
Karina Véliz; Pedro Toledo; Michael Araya; María Fernanda Gómez; Vieia Villalobos; Fadia Tala
Source:
Food chemistry 2023 v.398 pp. 133866
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
crude protein; food chemistry; health effects assessments; heavy metals; macroalgae; nitrogen; Chile
Abstract:
... Seaweeds are a rich source of nutritional and functional compounds, but they also accumulate heavy metals. Here, the chemical composition (crude protein, total lipids, Nitrogen Free Extract and fiber) and the presence of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se) and unwanted elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al) were determined in eleven seaweeds from Chile. Depending on the species, a g ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133866

2. 240Pu/239Pu signatures allow refining the chronology of radionuclide fallout in South America

Author:
Pierre-Alexis Chaboche; Fabien Pointurier; Pierre Sabatier; Anthony Foucher; Tales Tiecher; Jean P.G. Minella; Marcos Tassano; Amélie Hubert; Sergio Morera; Stéphane Guédron; Christophe Ardois; Béatrice Boulet; Catherine Cossonnet; Pablo Cabral; Mirel Cabrera; Guillermo Chalar; Olivier Evrard
Source:
Science of the total environment 2022 v.843 pp. 156943
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
USSR; environment; plutonium; radioactive fallout; sediments; Chile; Polynesia; Uruguay
Abstract:
... Atmospheric nuclear tests (1945–1980) have led to radioactive fallout across the globe. French tests in Polynesia (1966–1974) may influence the signature of fallout in South America in addition to those conducted by USA and former USSR until 1963 in the Northern hemisphere. Here, we compiled the ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios reported for soils of South America and conducted additional measurements to ex ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156943

3. Abundance of Benthic Algae in Forestry Watersheds and the Associated Forest Cover Factors

Author:
Guillermo Barrientos; Andrés Iroumé; Héctor Ulloa; Silvia Basualto; Oscar Parra
Source:
Forests 2022 v.13 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Pinus radiata; ammonium; canopy; forestry; forests; nitrates; pH; phosphorus; regression analysis; solar radiation; water; water quality; water temperature; Chile
Abstract:
... We analyzed the abundance of benthic algae in nine forested headwater watersheds in south-central Chile to study the relationship between the variability of the abundance of benthic algae and physicochemical parameters and forest cover factors. Between 10 November 2015 and 18 August 2016, we sampled benthic algae and physicochemical parameters in the streams and characterized forest cover factors ...
DOI:
10.3390/f13030378

4. Accumulation of delphinidin derivatives and other bioactive compound in wild maqui under different environmental conditions and fruit ripening stages

Author:
Antonio A. Pinto; Verónica Fuentealba-Sandoval; Maria Dolores López; Karen Peña-Rojas; Susana Fischer
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2022 v.184 pp. 115064
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
Aristotelia chilensis; abiotic stress; anthocyanins; antioxidant activity; bioactive compounds; biosynthesis; chemical constituents of plants; delphinidin; flavonols; fruits; gallic acid; polyphenols; raw materials; Chile
Abstract:
... There is a growing interest in food and bioactive compounds with health benefits. Several studies on wild fruits have reported high anthocyanin contents and antioxidant potential mainly influenced by abiotic stress, particularly in native berries. Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz), a Chilean native berry, has been referred as a “superfruit” due to its phytochemical composition and antiox ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115064

5. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from Amaryllis belladonna growing in Chile: enzymatic and molecular docking studies

Author:
Mónica Mella; Felipe Moraga-Nicolás; Juan Machuca; Andrés Quiroz; Ana Mutis; José Becerra; Álvaro Astudillo; Emilio Hormazábal
Source:
Natural product research 2022 v.36 no.5 pp. 1370-1374
ISSN:
1478-6427
Subject:
Amaryllis belladonna; acetylcholinesterase; chloroform; computer simulation; hexane; lycorine; research; silica gel; Chile
Abstract:
... Alkaloid profiles from Amaryllis belladonna plants collected in Chile were examined by GC-MS to assess their inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using in vitro and in silico methodologies. The alkaloid extract was roughly separated by column chromatography on silica gel. AChE inhibitory activities from extracts and purified alkaloids were tested by the Ellman method and a molecular ...
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2021.1872075

6. Adaptation of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Australian Environments

Author:
Richard Snowball; Harmohinder S. Dhammu; Mario Francesco D’Antuono; David Troldahl; Ian Biggs; Callen Thompson; Mark Warmington; Amanda Pearce; Darshan L. Sharma
Source:
Agronomy 2022 v.12 no.9 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
Chenopodium quinoa; Mediterranean climate; agronomy; autumn; color; genetic variation; germplasm; irrigation; rain; seed color; seed development; seed size; seed yield; spring; statistical models; summer; winter; Australia; Bolivia; Chile; Peru
Abstract:
... Quinoa is being evaluated in cropping systems in many countries outside of its natural range of South America. Very few attempts have been made by farmers or researchers to grow or evaluate quinoa under Australian environments. Given the growing popularity of quinoa with consumers, new commercial opportunities for farmers and international interest in the crop, it was timely to undertake a compreh ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy12092026

7. Adaptive mitochondrial genome functioning in ecologically different farm-impacted natural seedbeds of the endemic blue mussel Mytilus chilensis

Author:
Marco Yévenes; Gustavo Núñez-Acuña; Cristian Gallardo-Escárate; Gonzalo Gajardo
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2022 v.42 pp. 100955
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
Mytilus chilensis; Mytilus edulis; genetic variation; habitats; indigenous species; industry; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; mussels; oxidative phosphorylation; sequence analysis; transcriptome; transcriptomics; Chile
Abstract:
... We assessed the adaptive contribution of the mitochondrial genes involved with the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation of the blue mussel Mytilus chilensis, a native and heavily exploited species in the inner sea of Chiloé Island, southern Chile. The assembled mitochondrial transcriptome of individuals from two ecologically different farm-impacted natural seedbeds, Cochamó (41°S) and Y ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100955

8. Adoption and impacts of fishing gear innovations: Insights from a small-scale fishery in Chile

Author:
Felipe Torres Cañete; Rodrigo Oyanedel; Stefan Gelcich
Source:
Fisheries research 2022 v.248 pp. 106200
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
bycatch; fish; food security; research; Chile
Abstract:
... Small-scale fisheries contribute to food security and employ millions around the world. Overexploitation, however, threatens the suite of benefits that they can provide. Adopting innovations in gear technology can help to solve problems in fisheries (e.g. by-catch) but can also fuel overexploitation, with detrimental social, ecological, and economic impacts. Early assessments of the impacts of fis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106200

9. Agriculture and Temperate Fruit Crop Dynamics in South-Central Chile: Challenges for Fruit Crop Production in La Araucanía Region, Chile

Author:
Tatiana Montenegro-Romero; Cristián Vergara-Fernández; Fabian Argandoña-Castro; Fernando Peña-Cortés
Source:
Land 2022 v.11 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-445X
Subject:
cattle; crop production; forest plantations; forests; fruits; land use; Chile
Abstract:
... The expansion of agricultural, forest plantation, and urban areas is among the main drivers of worldwide land use/cover change. However, little is known about the changes in the extent of highly profitable crops in the temperate zones of South America and their association with other land use/cover changes, especially in south-central Chile, which has experienced massive changes in recent decades. ...
DOI:
10.3390/land11060788

10. Allelic diversity of three anthocyanin synthesis genes in accessions of native Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum at the Potato Genebank of the Universidad Austral de Chile

Author:
J. L. Solís; J. Muth; J. Canales; C. Lizana; D. Pruefer; R. Riegel; A. Behn
Source:
Genetic resources and crop evolution 2022 v.69 no.1 pp. 297-314
ISSN:
0925-9864
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; allelic variation; anthocyanins; biosynthesis; evolution; food security; gene banks; loci; metabolites; mutation; nutrition; pigmentation; potatoes; Chile
Abstract:
... The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop for global food security. Its tubers contain high concentrations of antioxidants, especially in genotypes with red or purple pigmentation. The Potato Genebank of the Universidad Austral of Chile includes accessions that show pigmentation in their flesh and/or skin as well as high levels of anthocyanins, but little is known about t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10722-021-01230-4

11. Ambient temperature and term birthweight in Latin American cities

Author:
Maryia Bakhtsiyarava; Ana Ortigoza; Brisa N. Sánchez; Ariela Braverman-Bronstein; Josiah L. Kephart; Santiago Rodríguez López; Jordan Rodríguez; Ana V. Diez Roux
Source:
Environment international 2022 v.167 pp. 107412
ISSN:
0160-4120
Subject:
air temperature; ambient temperature; children; climate change; climatic zones; conception; education; gestational age; low birth weight; neonates; pregnancy; public health; Brazil; Chile; Latin America; Mexico
Abstract:
... Extreme temperatures may lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including low birthweight. Studies on the impact of temperature on birthweight have been inconclusive due to methodological challenges related to operationalizing temperature exposure, the definitions of exposure windows, accounting for gestational age, and a limited geographic scope. We combined data on individual-level term l ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107412

12. Analysis of the Relative Importance of the Main Hydrological Processes at Different Temporal Scales in Watersheds of South-Central Chile

Author:
Yelena Medina; Enrique Muñoz; Robert Clasing; José Luis Arumí
Source:
Water 2022 v.14 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4441
Subject:
groundwater; models; runoff; soil water; temporal variation; water management; Chile
Abstract:
... In Chile in recent years, changes in precipitation and temperatures have been reported that could affect water resource management and planning. One way of facing these changes is studying and understanding the behavior of hydrological processes at a regional scale and their different temporal scales. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the importance of the hydrological processes ...
DOI:
10.3390/w14050807

13. Anthropogenic Disturbances and the Emergence of Native Diseases: a Threat to Forest Health

Author:
Treena I. Burgess; Jonàs Oliva; Sarah J. Sapsford; Monique L. Sakalidis; Felipe Balocchi; Trudy Paap
Source:
Current forestry reports 2022 v.8 no.2 pp. 111-123
ISSN:
2198-6436
Subject:
Araucaria; climate; forest decline; forest management; forest pathogens; forests; global change; trees; vigor; weather; Australia; Chile; Spain
Abstract:
... PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human-caused global change is fundamentally altering natural forest ecosystems. More trees are exhibiting a wide range of symptoms indicative of poor vigour, particularly stressed species at the edge of their native ranges and stands growing on marginal sites. This review will focus on complex tree diseases (declines) caused by native pathogens and the key environmental drivers ...
DOI:
10.1007/s40725-022-00163-0

14. Apicomplexans in small mammals from Chile, with the first report of the Babesia microti group in South American rodents

Author:
Adriana M. Santodomingo; Richard S. Thomas; Julian F. Quintero-Galvis; Diana M. Echeverry-Berrio; María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente; Lucila Moreno-Salas; Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
Source:
Parasitology research 2022 v.121 no.3 pp. 1009-1020
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Anaplasmataceae; Babesia microti; Hepatozoon; Oligoryzomys longicaudatus; Phyllotis; Protozoa; Sarcocystidae; Thylamys; blood; genes; genotype; loci; parasitology; phylogeny; research; Chile
Abstract:
... Small mammals play an essential role as disseminators of pathogens because they reach high population densities and have ubiquitous distributions. In the Northern Hemisphere rodents are well recognized as reservoirs for tick-borne bacteria of the Anaplasmataceae family and also apicomplexan protozoans. In contrast, South American rodents hosting these microorganisms have been rarely identified. In ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-022-07452-4

15. Applicability of spatial prediction models for landslide susceptibility in land-use zoning instruments: a guideline in a coastal settlement in South-Central Chile

Author:
Pablo López; Jorge Qüense; Cristian Henríquez; Carolina Martínez
Source:
Geocarto international 2022 v.37 no.22 pp. 6474-6493
ISSN:
1752-0762
Subject:
guidelines; land use; landslides; linear models; prediction; Chile
Abstract:
... Landslide hazard is usually incorporated into land-use planning as susceptibility zoning. Multiple-variable models have been widely used for susceptibility zoning due to their advantage to use different performance techniques to improve their prediction capacity. In Chile, the incorporation of landslide hazard into land-use planning instruments lacks a frame of reference that defines the susceptib ...
DOI:
10.1080/10106049.2021.1939440

16. Applying and comparing various nutrient profiling models against the packaged food supply in South Africa

Author:
Tamryn Frank; Shu Wen Ng; Donna R Miles; Elizabeth C Swart
Source:
Public health nutrition 2022 v.25 no.8 pp. 2296-2307
ISSN:
1475-2727
Subject:
cross-sectional studies; food availability; models; public health; Chile; South Africa
Abstract:
... This study aimed to apply the newly developed Chile Adjusted Model (CAM) nutrient profiling model (NPM) to the food supply in South Africa (SA) and compare its performance against existing NPM as an indication of suitability for use to underpin food policies targeted at discouraging consumption of products high in nutrients associated with poor health. Cross-sectional analysis of the SA-packaged f ...
DOI:
10.1017/S1368980022000374

17. Aqueous two‐phase systems in Latin America: perspective and future trends

Author:
Mirna González‐González; Guillermo Picó; Álvaro Silva Lima; Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy; Jorge Fernando Brandão Pereira; Hector Marcelo Fernandez‐Lahore; Juan A. Asenjo; Marco Rito‐Palomares
Source:
Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology 2022 v.97 no.6 pp. 1353-1362
ISSN:
0268-2575
Subject:
bioprocessing; biotechnology; health services; therapeutics; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Latin America; Mexico
Abstract:
... Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have been demonstrated to be a simple and robust worldwide applied bioprocessing technology. From high value microscopic to macroscopic biological molecules obtained from a wide broad of matrices, ATPS have shown a high efficiency capacity for their concentration, enrichment, recovery, and purification. Particularly in Latin America, four relevant countries have pa ...
DOI:
10.1002/jctb.6890

18. Arsenic concentration in topsoil of central Chile is associated with aberrant methylation of P53 gene in human blood cells: a cross-sectional study

Author:
Eva Madrid; Isabel Gonzalez-Miranda; Sergio Muñoz; Carolina Rejas; Felipe Cardemil; Felipe Martinez; Juan Pablo Cortes; Maite Berasaluce; Mario Párraga
Source:
Environmental science and pollution research 2022 v.29 no.32 pp. 48250-48259
ISSN:
0944-1344
Subject:
DNA methylation; arsenic; coasts; cross-sectional studies; decision making; gene expression; heavy metals; humans; neoplasms; pollution; promoter regions; remediation; research; topsoil; tumor suppressor genes; Chile
Abstract:
... Gene expression can be modified in people who are chronically exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals. The soil surrounding the Ventanas Industrial Complex, located on the coastal zone of Puchuncaví and Quintero townships (Chile), contain heavy metal concentrations (As, Cu, Pb, Zn, among others) that far exceed international standards. The aim of this study was to determine the potential as ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-022-19085-2

19. Assessing forest degradation using multivariate and machine‐learning methods in the Patagonian temperate rain forest

Author:
Alex Fajardo; Juan C. Llancabure; Paulo C. Moreno
Source:
Ecological applications 2022 v.32 no.2 pp. e2495
ISSN:
1051-0761
Subject:
artificial intelligence; data collection; deforestation; forest damage; forest stands; fuelwood; greenhouse gases; indigenous species; introduced species; invasive species; livestock; rain forests; soil nutrients; species richness; tree and stand measurements; Chile
Abstract:
... The process of forest degradation, along with deforestation, is the second greatest producer of global greenhouse gas emissions. A key challenge that remains unresolved is how to quantify the critical threshold that distinguishes a degraded from a non‐degraded forest. We determined the critical threshold of forest degradation in mature stands belonging to the temperate evergreen rain forest of sou ...
DOI:
10.1002/eap.2495

20. Assessing land surface phenology in Araucaria-Nothofagus forests in Chile with Landsat 8/Sentinel-2 time series

Author:
E. Kosczor; M. Forkel; J. Hernández; D. Kinalczyk; F. Pirotti; E. Kutchartt
Source:
International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation 2022 v.112 pp. 102862
ISSN:
1569-8432
Subject:
Landsat; Nothofagus antarctica; climate; ecosystems; national parks; phenology; remote sensing; spatial data; spring; summer; temperature; time series analysis; trees; vegetation index; winter; Argentina; Chile
Abstract:
... The Araucaria-Nothofagus forests are a unique ecosystem in temperate rainforests of Chile and Argentina. They include red-listed species and have a high cultural importance for the ancestral population and thus require continuous monitoring to support conservation. Monitoring of phenology by satellite observations is a key tool to quantify the impact of climate variability on terrestrial vegetatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jag.2022.102862

21. Assessing the socio-economic and land-cover drivers of wildfire activity and its spatiotemporal distribution in south-central Chile

Author:
Rocío A. Pozo; Mauricio Galleguillos; Mauro E. González; Felipe Vásquez; Rodrigo Arriagada
Source:
Science of the total environment 2022 v.810 pp. 152002
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
environment; forests; humans; land cover; population density; summer; trees; unemployment; wildfires; Chile; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... Sustained human pressures on the environment have significantly increased the frequency, extent, and severity of wildfires, globally. This is particularly the case in Mediterranean regions, in which human-caused wildfires represent up to 90% of all recorded wildfire ignitions. In Chile, it has been estimated that nearly 90% of wildfires are related to human activities, and that their frequency and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152002

22. Assessing tradeoffs in the design of climate change adaptation strategies for water utilities in Chile

Author:
Iñigo Ricalde; Sebastián Vicuña; Oscar Melo; James E. Tomlinson; Julien J. Harou; Greg Characklis
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2022 v.302 pp. 114035
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
case studies; climate; climate change; drought; environmental management; greenhouse gas emissions; hydrology; markets; politics; simulation models; stakeholders; uncertainty; water supply; water utilities; Chile
Abstract:
... Climate change is a challenge to drinking water providers worldwide and to regulatory frameworks that consider long-term investment decisions. Coping with an unstable climate warrants adjustments in regulations and new investments. The investment required to maintain a selected service level needs to balance the potential for high regret stranded assets with the political and socioeconomic consequ ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114035

23. Assessment of Microbial Community Composition Changes in the Presence of Phytoplankton-Derived Exudates in Two Contrasting Areas from Chilean Patagonia

Author:
Valentina Valdés-Castro; Humberto E. González; Ricardo Giesecke; Camila Fernández; Verónica Molina
Source:
Diversity 2022 v.14 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
1424-2818
Subject:
alpha-Proteobacteria; bacterial communities; community structure; dissolved organic carbon; epsilon-Proteobacteria; estuaries; gamma-Proteobacteria; salinity; Chile
Abstract:
... Patagonian fjords and channels in southern Chile are heterogeneous ecosystems characterized by the interaction of estuarine and marine waters influencing physical-chemical conditions and biological assemblages. Besides salinity, microbial communities from estuarine and marine origin are naturally subjected to changing organic matter quality and variable nutrient concentrations. In this study, we t ...
DOI:
10.3390/d14030195

24. Assessment of Natural Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Dairies from Southern Chile

Author:
Bibiana Benavides; Gustavo Monti
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.13 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
Bovine leukemia virus; adults; artificial insemination; blood serum; cattle; farms; longitudinal studies; milk; risk; risk management; Chile
Abstract:
... Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that affects cattle worldwide. A longitudinal study was conducted with the aim to (a) estimate the incidence rate of the BLV infection of dairy farms in the regions of Los Ríos and Los Lagos (Chile), and (b) describe the frequency and epidemiological association of risk management practices related to new cases in cattle on dairy farms in Southern Chile. ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12131734

25. Assessment of fitness traits of pure and mixed crosses of Mastrus ridens populations to improve classical biological control of codling moth

Author:
W.R. Manoharie Sandanayaka; Heather K. Jenkins; Vicky A. Davis; Natalie E.M. Page-Weir; Asha Chhagan; Aurélie Blin; Tania Zaviezo
Source:
Biological control 2022 v.169 pp. 104899
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Cydia pomonella; Ichneumonidae; biological control; diploidy; genetic variation; heterozygosity; maternal effect; progeny; reproductive performance; Chile; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Populations of natural enemies in classical biological control programs often undergo recurring bottlenecks during importation and rearing, which can result in lower genetic variability and fitness.Enriching colonies with wild individuals, multiple importations or combining populations from different origins may help reduce this problem. Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a gregarious id ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104899

26. Assessment of the Vaccination Program against Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep in the Pehuenche Community of Central Chile

Author:
Paula Gädicke; David Heath; Angela Medina-Brunet; María Carolina Siva-de la Fuente; Hellen Espinoza-Rojas; Carmen Villaguala-Pacheco; Makarena Rubilar; Carolina Cerda; Manuel Quezada; Daniela Rojas; AnaLía Henríquez; Marco Loyola; Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque
Source:
Animals 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
deworming; dogs; echinococcosis; endemic diseases; protoscoleces; sheep; vaccination; vaccines; zoonoses; Chile
Abstract:
... Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis that uses dogs and sheep as its main hosts in Chile. The Eg95 vaccine against sheep infection has been included in some control programs. Here, we assess the efficacy of the vaccination program in the hyperendemic Alto Biobío commune after 3 years of execution. Fisher’s test and generalized linear models were used in the assessment. The program tried to offer ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani12060679

27. Assisted network governance: An inclusive innovation to mitigate extreme water scarcity

Author:
Denise Gutiérrez; Johannes Glückler
Source:
Global environmental change 2022 v.76 pp. 102577
ISSN:
0959-3780
Subject:
global change; governance; infrastructure; models; rivers; social networks; stakeholders; water shortages; Chile
Abstract:
... We study a local innovation of natural resource governance in Chile in times of extreme water scarcity. Through the issuance of a scarcity decree, the government obliges local water user associations (WUAs) to reach viable water redistribution agreements in order to avoid being overruled by the state. In the Aconcagua River, the government together with the WUAs created the Executive Committee, wh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102577

28. Balancing ecological and social goals in PES design – Single objective strategies are not sufficient

Author:
F. Benra; L. Nahuelhual; M. Felipe-Lucia; A. Jaramillo; C. Jullian; A. Bonn
Source:
Ecosystem services 2022 v.53 pp. 101385
ISSN:
2212-0416
Subject:
ecosystem services; ecosystems; farms; forests; habitat connectivity; land tenure; land use change; natural resources conservation; rural areas; socioeconomics; sustainable development; Chile
Abstract:
... Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are key instruments to foster environmental conservation and, arguably, social development goals. PES are, however, commonly designed based on a single environmental objective (e.g., conservation of native forest areas), and expected to simultaneously fulfil social goals which are rarely evaluated. Thus, to meet social goals, PES design needs to transcend sing ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101385

29. Bean production and soil chemical properties are affected by the application of different residue levels from three crop rotations

Author:
Juan Hirzel; Pablo Undurraga; Lorenzo León; Jorge Carrasco; Jorge González; Iván Matus
Source:
Archiv für Acker- und Pflanzenbau und Bodenkunde 2022 v.68 no.9 pp. 1205-1216
ISSN:
1476-3567
Subject:
beans; corn; crop residues; durum wheat; experimental design; fertilizer application; irrigation; organic matter; volcanic soils; Chile
Abstract:
... Crop rotations and residue management contribute to the sustainability of the soil and environment and reduction of fertiliser use. However, appropriate crop and residue level combinations have yet to be determined to maximise productivity, while ensuring the preservation of soil resources in different agricultural production systems. The experiment evaluated production and soil chemical propertie ...
DOI:
10.1080/03650340.2021.1878155

30. Benthic Bacterial Diversity of High-Altitude Athalassohaline Lakes of the Puna de Atacama (Central Andes)

Author:
Andrea K. Borsodi; Júlia Margit Aszalós; Melinda Megyes; Balázs Nagy
Source:
Geomicrobiology journal 2022 v.39 no.1 pp. 28-38
ISSN:
1521-0529
Subject:
Arthrobacter; Chlorobi; Chloroflexi; Cyanobacteria; Deferribacteres; Deinococcus-Thermus; Firmicutes; Halomonas; Idiomarina; Lentisphaerae; Marinobacter; Nitratireductor; Planctomycetes; Psychroflexus; Spirochaetae; Tenericutes; Verrucomicrobia; altitude; bacterial communities; benthic ecosystems; biodegradation; carbon; community structure; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; nitrogen; primary productivity; sediments; sulfur; Andes region; Chile
Abstract:
... High-altitude saline lakes (located more than 3000 m a.s.l.) provide multiple environmental extremities for polyextremophilic bacteria. In this study, lake sediment samples from Laguna Santa Rosa and microbial mat samples from the warm water pool of Laguna Verde (Puna de Atacama, Chile) were examined by cultivation and pyrosequencing. The 16S rRNA gene-based identification showed that most of the ...
DOI:
10.1080/01490451.2021.2000072

31. Biochemical characterization of Peumus boldus fruits: Insights of its antioxidant properties through a theoretical approach

Author:
Carolina Otero; Sebastián Miranda-Rojas; Felipe M. Llancalahuén; Juan A. Fuentes; Cristian Atala; Gloria González-Silva; Diego Verdugo; Paulina Sierra-Rosales; Adrián Moreno; Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
Source:
Food chemistry 2022 v.370 pp. 131012
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
Peumus boldus; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidants; bark; catechin; chrysin; cytotoxicity; diet; food chemistry; fruit extracts; fruits; headache; human health; indigenous species; indigestion; inflammation; liquid chromatography; macrophages; mass spectrometry; mice; models; oxidation; quantum mechanics; quercetin; redox potential; synergism; trees; urinary tract; Chile
Abstract:
... Peumus boldus is an endemic tree species from Chile whose leaves have been the focus of study for decades given that their infusions are reported to relieve rheumatic symptoms, headache, dyspepsia, urinary tract inflammation, and symptoms of other illnesses. These health properties have been studied mainly using leaves and bark, then it is relevant to know more about these properties in different ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131012

32. Biological activity of native Myrtaceae fruits from Chile as a potential functional food

Author:
Patricia Velásquez; Jocelyn Orellana; Eduardo Muñoz-Carvajal; Mario Faúndez; Miguel Gómez; Gloria Montenegro; Ady Giordano
Source:
Natural product research 2022 v.36 no.12 pp. 3138-3142
ISSN:
1478-6427
Subject:
Myrtaceae; Salmonella Typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; antibacterial properties; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; dietary supplements; functional foods; indigenous peoples; medicine; polyphenols; research; Chile
Abstract:
... Myrtaceae fruits (Myrceugenia obtusa, Luma apiculata, and Luma chequen) were used as food and medicine by Chilean indigenous people. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive properties of these berry-type fruits. The antioxidant capacity determined by the FRAP assay varied between 10.4 and 646.9 mmol Fe⁺²/g, while the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was ...
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2021.1940176

33. Breakfast in Latin America: Evaluation of Nutrient and Food Group Intake Toward a Nutrient-Based Recommendation

Author:
Irina Kovalskys; Mauro Fisberg; Agatha Nogueira Previdelli; Jaqueline Lopes Pereira; Ioná Zalcman Zimberg; Viviana Guajardo; Regina Fisberg; Gerson Ferrari; Georgina Gómez; Attilio Rigotti; Lilia Y. Cortés Sanabria; Martha C. Yépez García; Marianella Herrera-Cuenca; María Reyna Liria Domínguez; ELANS Study Group
Source:
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2022 v.122 no.6 pp. 1099-1113.e3
ISSN:
2212-2672
Subject:
added sugars; breakfast; butter; calcium; cross-sectional studies; dietetics; food groups; food intake; margarine; milk; nutrient content; nutrient density; potassium; tea; Argentina; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Latin America; Peru; Venezuela
Abstract:
... Little is known about breakfast habits of the Latin American (LA) population to support nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast in this region. To evaluate the nutritional composition of breakfast in the LA population and to propose recommendations for a balanced breakfast. This multicenter cross-sectional study evaluated food and nutrient intake of nationally representative samples o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.012

34. Breeding distribution and status of Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in Chile

Author:
Manuel Marín; Rodrigo González
Source:
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 2022 v.142 no.2 pp. 224-230
ISSN:
2513-9894
Subject:
Fregata minor; eggs; Chile
Abstract:
... We clarify the breeding status of Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in Chile, and describe the discovery of a new breeding colony at the Islas Desventuradas, which becomes the species' south-easternmost outpost in the Pacific. However, recent suggestions that it breeds on Rapa Nui appear to be unconfirmed, and there are no records at all for the Juan Fernández archipelago. Based on currently availab ...
DOI:
10.25226/bboc.v142i2.2022.a6

35. Brown algae (Lessonia nigrescens, species complex) fisheries of northern Chile evaluated through the DPSIR approach: Social and economic impact of management strategies.

Author:
Fernando Berrios; Jorge E. González; Leonardo Campos; Daniel E. Campbell; Estefanía Bonnail
Source:
Ocean & coastal management 2022 v.224 pp. 106198
ISSN:
0964-5691
Subject:
Lessonia nigrescens; coastal zone management; coasts; economic impact; fisheries; fisheries management; governance; macroalgae; supply balance; traditional technology; Chile
Abstract:
... The kelp (Lessonia nigrescens, species complex) resource is, in economic and social terms, one of the main benthic fisheries in northern Chile. The fishery for this resource is artisanal in character and operates under a free access regime. However, in response to increasing market demand extractive activity has expanded from the collection of dead plants to direct extraction. This resource has bi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106198

36. Burying, not broadcasting seeds improves the seedling establishment of most woody species under different ecological conditions in a semiarid ecosystem of central Chile

Author:
Pablo I. Becerra; Naijem Aqueveque; Nicolás Velasco
Source:
Restoration ecology 2022 v.30 no.2 pp. e13551
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
canopy; ecological restoration; ecosystems; grasslands; irrigation; plant establishment; seedlings; semiarid zones; soil; species richness; water content; woody plants; Chile
Abstract:
... The importance of the sowing method (broadcasting or burying) for seedling establishment, and the extent to which environmental conditions modulate differences between these sowing methods, are understudied. When seeds are buried, they may be exposed to soil conditions with higher moisture content than broadcast. This advantage may occur especially under drier soil conditions within a semiarid cli ...
DOI:
10.1111/rec.13551

37. Can the territorial use rights in fisheries (TURF) stabilize the landings of a highly variable benthic resource? Reexamining the fishery of Concholepas concholepas in North-Central Chile

Author:
Osvaldo Cerda; Wolfgang B. Stotz
Source:
Ocean & coastal management 2022 v.224 pp. 106158
ISSN:
0964-5691
Subject:
Concholepas concholepas; coastal zone management; fisheries; larvae; space and time; Chile; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... The fishery of the muricid gastropod Concholepas concholepas is iconic in the southeast Pacific Ocean, since several studies on the species served as basis for changing from an open access regime to territorial user rights in fisheries (TURFs), in the form of management and exploitation areas for benthic resources. This predatory gastropod can be abundant in exposed rocky shores, yet its landings ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106158

38. Carbon dioxide emissions at local scale linked to soil heterotrophic activity from an experimentally simulated drained peatland in Western Patagonia (Tierra del Fuego, Chile)

Author:
Carolin Córdova; Claudia Garrido‐Ruiz; Ángela Machuca; Erick Zagal; Raúl Orrego; Victor Finot
Source:
Soil use and management 2022 v.38 no.1 pp. 304-317
ISSN:
0266-0032
Subject:
administrative management; carbon dioxide; ecosystems; greenhouse gases; land use change; microbial carbon; mineralization; peatlands; soil; temperature; Argentina; Chile
Abstract:
... Greenhouse gas emissions from managed peatlands have not been extensively studied in Western Patagonia. The objective of this study was to assess the annual CO₂ emission from microbial carbon (C) mineralization in a peatland site under not saturated conditions at Tierra del Fuego. The annual CO₂ emissions were measured from unsaturated soil samples (n = 41) under soil incubation at seasonal local ...
DOI:
10.1111/sum.12708

39. Cardioprotective Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms Induced by Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia

Author:
Alejandro González-Candia; Alejandro A. Candia; Adolfo Paz; Fuad Mobarec; Rodrigo Urbina-Varela; Andrea del Campo; Emilio A. Herrera; Rodrigo L. Castillo
Source:
Antioxidants 2022 v.11 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-3921
Subject:
acute exposure; adults; altitude; animal models; antioxidant activity; atmospheric pressure; biomarkers; cardiac output; cardioprotective effect; caspase-1; echocardiography; free radicals; heart; humans; hypoxia; inflammasomes; normoxia; oxidative stress; people; Andes region; Chile
Abstract:
... More than 80 million people live and work (in a chronic or intermittent form) above 2500 masl, and 35 million live in the Andean Mountains. Furthermore, in Chile, it is estimated that 100,000 people work in high-altitude shifts, where stays in the lowlands are interspersed with working visits in the highlands. Acute exposure to high altitude has been shown to induce oxidative stress in healthy hum ...
DOI:
10.3390/antiox11061043

40. Chagas disease in northern Chile: Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in children, dogs and triatomine bugs

Author:
Carolina Reyes; Christian R. González; Sergio Alvarado; Leticia Flores; Catherine Martin; Alan Oyarce; María Paz Aylwin; Mauricio Canals; Alonso Parra; Lara Valderrama
Source:
Acta tropica 2022 v.235 pp. 106631
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
Chagas disease; Loa; Triatoma infestans; Trypanosoma cruzi; blood; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent antibody technique; human population; intestines; monitoring; polymerase chain reaction; risk; seroprevalence; Chile
Abstract:
... Chagas disease is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitted by triatomine vectors. In Chile, there are four species of triatomine bugs that are potential vectors of T. cruzi, being Triatoma infestans the main vector in endemic areas of the country. The “Programa Nacional de Control Vectorial de la Enfermedad de Chagas de Chile” has significantly reduced the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106631

41. Changes in Soil Quality of an Urban Wetland as a Result of Anthropogenic Disturbance

Author:
John Clunes; Susana Valle; Jose Dörner; Marco Campos; Jorge Medina; Sarah Zuern; Lorena Lagos
Source:
Land 2022 v.11 no.3 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-445X
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; ecosystems; genes; land; nitrates; organic horizons; pH; soil bacteria; soil fertility; soil profiles; soil quality; wetland soils; wetlands; Chile
Abstract:
... Urban wetland soil provides ecosystem services (ES) through their functions. Changes in soil properties due to anthropogenic disturbances lead to a loss of soil quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of nearby anthropic disturbance on the chemical, physical and biological properties of the urban wetland soil. Soil samples were collected from four sites (P1, P2, P3 and P4) loc ...
DOI:
10.3390/land11030394

42. Changes in the Composition of Flavonols and Organic Acids during Ripening for Three cv. Sauvignon Blanc Clones Grown in a Cool-Climate Valley

Author:
Pierina Peirano-Bolelli; Florencia Heller-Fuenzalida; Italo F. Cuneo; Álvaro Peña-Neira; Alejandro Cáceres-Mella
Source:
Agronomy 2022 v.12 no.6 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
agronomy; chemical analysis; discriminant analysis; flavonols; grapes; malic acid; tartaric acid; titratable acidity; Chile; Pacific Ocean
Abstract:
... The influence of the geographical location and clone type on the contents of flavonols and organic acids of Sauvignon blanc grapes over the ripening process was investigated. The assay was carried out on three commercial clones of cv. Sauvignon blanc (Clone 242, Clone 107, and Clone 1-Davis) grown in two zones (referred to as low and high zones) in Casablanca Valley, Chile. The low zone is closer ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy12061357

43. Changes of cell wall-associated polysaccharides and sugars during development and ripening of arrayan (Luma apiculata) and lleuque (Prumnopitys andina) fruits

Author:
Felipe A. Sáez; María Graciela Aguayo; Regis Teixeira Mendonça; Lida Fuentes; Carlos R. Figueroa
Source:
Acta physiologiae plantarum 2022 v.44 no.1 pp. 9
ISSN:
0137-5881
Subject:
acidity; arabinose; cell walls; environmental factors; firmness; fruit quality; fruiting; fruits; galactose; glucose; lignin; pectins; rhamnose; xylose; Andes region; Chile
Abstract:
... In recent years, many non-commercial native fruit have been characterized in the search for functional ingredients; however, their cell wall and sugar composition are less well known. In this research, changes in cell wall components, principally pectin and monomeric sugar composition were evaluated in three different developmental stages of two Chilean native fruits, arrayan (Luma apiculata) and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11738-021-03344-9

44. Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolated in a veterinary teaching hospital in Chile

Author:
Francisco Abusleme; Nicolás Galarce; Mario Quezada-Aguiluz; Daniela Iragüen; Gerardo González-Rocha
Source:
Revista argentina microbiología 2022 v.54 no.3 pp. 192-202
ISSN:
0325-7541
Subject:
antibiotic resistance; clindamycin; coagulase positive staphylococci; disk diffusion antimicrobial test; genes; genetic relationships; genetic variation; hospitals; methicillin; observational studies; risk; Chile
Abstract:
... There is limited information about the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) strains in veterinary settings in Chile. The aim of this observational study was to identify and characterize CoPS strains from dogs, owners, veterinary professionals and surfaces in a veterinary teaching hospital at Universidad de Chile to determine the presence of methic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ram.2021.12.001

45. Characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis Bacteriophages against Bacterial Walnut Blight and Field Evaluation

Author:
Julio Retamales; Pablo Núñez; Romina Alvarado; Erick D. M. Campan; Thierry Otto; Cristopher Segovia; Ignacio Vasquez; Javier Santander
Source:
Viruses 2022 v.14 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
Xanthomonas arboricola; bacteriophages; biological control; blight; etiological agents; genetic resistance; genome; microbial load; phylogeny; walnuts; Chile; France
Abstract:
... Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (hereafter X. juglandis) is the etiological agent of walnut blight, the most important bacterial disease affecting walnut production worldwide. Currently, the disease is treated mainly with copper-derived compounds (e.g., CuSO₄) despite the evidence of genetic resistance in these strains. Regarding the effectiveness and sustainability, the use of a bacteriophag ...
DOI:
10.3390/v14071380

46. Climate change and timber in Latin America: Will the forestry sector flourish under climate change?

Author:
Alice Favero; Brent Sohngen; W. Parker Hamilton
Source:
Forest policy and economics 2022 v.135 pp. 102657
ISSN:
1389-9341
Subject:
carbon sequestration; climate; climate change; dieback; econometric models; forest policy; land use; market share; net primary productivity; timber production; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Latin America; Uruguay
Abstract:
... This paper examines the potential impact of climate change on forests and timber production in Latin America. The analysis links a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), which projects forest migration, forest dieback, and net primary productivity spatially as a function of future climate predictions, with a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets. A global model is used because clima ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102657

47. Climatic suitability and compatibility of the invasive Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae) in the Southern Hemisphere: Considerations for biocontrol

Author:
Gianmarco Minuti; Iris Stiers; Julie A. Coetzee
Source:
Biological control 2022 v.169 pp. 104886
ISSN:
1049-9644
Subject:
Aphthona; Iris pseudacorus; biological control; biological control agents; computer software; macrophytes; niches; risk; weeds; wetlands; Argentina; Australasian region; Australia; Brazil; Chile; France; Italy; Lesotho; New Zealand; Northern Africa; South Africa; Uruguay; West Asia; Western European region
Abstract:
... Iris pseudacorus L. (Iridaceae) is an emergent macrophyte native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. Considered invasive in wetland habitats around the world, this species is now the target of a biocontrol programme in the Southern Hemisphere. Native range surveys of the weed led to the selection of the flea beetle, Aphthona nonstriata Goeze (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as a candidate biocon ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104886

48. Combined extraction methodology for simultaneous recovery of phycobiliproteins and agar from the red alga Gracilaria chilensis C. J. Bird, McLachlan & E. C. Oliveira

Author:
Stephanie Brain-Isasi; Sebastián Correa; Juan Amado-Hinojosa; Alejandro H. Buschmann; Carolina Camus; María Elena Lienqueo
Source:
Algal research 2022 v.67 pp. 102821
ISSN:
2211-9264
Subject:
DNA; Gracilaria; agar; agarose; algae; ammonium sulfate; anion exchange chromatography; biorefining; byproducts; deformation; electrophoresis; feedstocks; fluorescence; food industry; freeze-thaw cycles; gel strength; gels; microbial growth; phycobiliprotein; research; water solubility; Chile
Abstract:
... The red alga Gracilaria chilensis C. J. Bird, McLachlan & E. C. Oliveira (Agarophyton chilense Gurgel, J.N. Norris & Fredericq) is one of the few algae commercially farmed in Chile, where this alga is commonly named “Pelillo”. G. chilensis main by-product is agar, a gelling agent used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This alga is also a valuable feedstock for the biorefinery of phycobili ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.algal.2022.102821

49. Commercial Vaccines Do Not Confer Protection against Two Genogroups of Piscirickettsia salmonis, LF-89 and EM-90, in Atlantic Salmon

Author:
Carolina Figueroa; Débora Torrealba; Byron Morales-Lange; Luis Mercado; Brian Dixon; Pablo Conejeros; Gabriela Silva; Carlos Soto; José A. Gallardo
Source:
Biology 2022 v.11 no.7 pp. -
ISSN:
2079-7737
Subject:
Piscirickettsia salmonis; Salmo salar; fish; mixed infection; mortality; pathogens; vaccines; Chile
Abstract:
... In Atlantic salmon, vaccines have failed to control and prevent Piscirickettsiosis, for reasons that remain elusive. In this study, we report the efficacy of two commercial vaccines developed with the Piscirickettsia salmonis isolates AL100005 and AL 20542 against another two genogroups which are considered highly and ubiquitously prevalent in Chile: LF-89 and EM-90. Two cohabitation trials were p ...
DOI:
10.3390/biology11070993

50. Comparison of a Chilean strain of the ichthyotoxic phytoflagellate Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) with strains from France, Spain and New Zealand

Author:
Patricia I. Gómez; Ingrid Inostroza; Pablo Castro-Varela; Jeannette Silva; Alejandro Clément; Gabriel Rojas; Alejandra Aguilera Belmonte
Source:
Phycologia 2022 v.61 no.1 pp. 7-15
ISSN:
2330-2968
Subject:
Heterosigma akashiwo; carotenoids; estuaries; intraspecific variation; microalgae; photosynthesis; plankton; poisonous algae; salmon; toxicity; Chile; France; New Zealand; Spain
Abstract:
... Heterosigma akashiwo is a bloom-forming planktonic flagellate that causes fish mortalities, which damages the aquaculture industry worldwide. In Chile, this species was reported for the first time in 1988 when it caused one of the most dramatic harmful algal blooms in the south of the country. At that time, an unialgal culture was set and used for a morphological characterization but, unfortunatel ...
DOI:
10.1080/00318884.2021.1991685