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Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; administrative management; conifers; forest ecology; insecticide application; mortality; site preparation; soil; Finland
Abstract:
... The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is among the worst pests of newly planted conifer seedlings in Europe. EU regulations restrict the use of insecticides, the cost of mechanical site preparation (MSP) is high, and it has even been suggested that MSP should be abandoned due to social and environmental causes. The aim of this study was to investigate i) the field performance of Norway spruce (Pic ...
... Adult feeding preferences of Hylobius abietis on Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies alba and Betula pendula were tested in outdoor conditions. The preferred food source was P. menziesii, and the mean bark area consumed per seedling was 440.8 ± 147.9 mm². The second most preferred host was P. abies. The coniferous species that suffered the least damage was A. ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; administrative management; bark; carene; chemical defenses; cineole; conifers; forest ecology; limonene; methyl jasmonate; pesticides; plant age
Abstract:
... Nursery-grown Norway spruce Picea abies seedlings are often heavily attacked by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis on clear-cuts the first years after planting. Because the seedlings are not resource-limited during the growing phase in the nursery they are expected to invest less in defence than naturally regenerated seedlings already present on the clear-cuts. The latter have had to cope with vario ...
... The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is an important pest of freshly planted coniferous trees. Feeding damage to conifer seedlings can be prevented by protecting the seedlings (mechanically or chemically), or by reducing H. abietis abundance. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has promise for H. abietis control. To test the effects of the B. bassiana-colonized carriers (25 mm in di ...
... Defense can be induced in conifer seedlings to reduce pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) damage, by treatment with the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MJ). Few studies have addressed important practical issues regarding the use of MJ such as treatment incidence and timing, seedling age and its compatibility with plant nursery practices. We examined if levels of pine weevil damage depend on seasonal ti ...
... Forest regeneration can be compromised by insect damage to newly-planted conifer seedlings, with the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, being the most economically important pest in Europe. Seedling protection strategies include physical barriers, silvicultural measures and insecticides, while the potential benefits of Associational Effects (AE) have been little explored. Associational Resistance (AR) ...
... A plant's induced defense system can be triggered by the application of the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and recent research suggest that MeJA treatment may become a tool for protection of conifer seedlings against insect herbivory (e.g. by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis). A side-effect of MeJA application is temporarily reduced height growth. This has generally been considered as nega ...
Heterobasidion; Hylastes; Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; bioenergy; economic investment; forest ecosystems; forest ownership; harvesting; health status; inoculum; logging; long term effects; monitoring; planting; root rot; roots; seedlings; stand development; stump extraction; stumps; tree health; voles
Abstract:
... Although impacts of intensive forest harvesting practices such as removing logging residue and stumps for bioenergy on forest ecosystem has been extensively studied, no information is available about the long-term effects of stump harvesting on the health status of young Norway spruce stands. In the present study, we surveyed damage caused by the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) and other c ...
... The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is an important pest of young forest stands in Europe. Larvae develop under the bark of freshly cut pine and spruce stumps, but maturing weevils feed on the bark of coniferous seedlings. Such seedlings frequently die because of bark consumption near the root collar. We tested the effect of three treatments (the insecticide alpha cypermethrin, a wax coati ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; conifers; humus; insecticides; mineral soils; planting; risk; seedling growth; seedlings; site preparation; stony soils; survival rate; trenching; Northern European region
Abstract:
... In northern Europe, there are high risks of severe pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) damage to newly planted conifer seedlings. Site preparation is one of the most important measures for reducing these risks and as several studies have shown the damage is highly dependent on the amount of pure mineral soil around the seedlings. We investigated effects of three site preparation techniques: (1) disc tr ...
... Stump harvesting can help in managing forest pests, improve site preparation, and provide a source of bioenergy. However, stump removal does not remove all the roots from clear-cut areas. To investigate whether stump removal helps to manage forest pests, the effect of stump removal and its timing on the breeding and larval feeding activities of pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) and Hylastes spp. was ...
... As the use of mounding as a soil preparation method and mechanized planting become more common, the use of deep planting has increased. In deep planting, a greater portion of the stem is buried below the soil surface. However, it is feared that this increases the risk of insect damage, especially damage from the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The effects of planting ...
... Regeneration of northern conifer forests is commonly performed by reforestation with genetically improved materials obtained from long-term breeding programs focused on productivity and timber quality. Sanitary threats can, however, compromise the realization of the expected genetic gain. Including pest resistance traits in the breeding programs may contribute to a sustainable protection. Here we ...
... The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a major pest of conifer forests throughout Europe, feeds on the bark and cambium, tissues rich in terpenoid resins that are toxic to many insect herbivores. Here, we report the ability of the pine weevil gut microbiota to degrade the diterpene acids of Norway spruce. The diterpene acid levels present in ingested bark were substantially reduced on passage through ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; growing season; humus; lambda-cyhalothrin; mineral soils; mortality; planting; prediction; risk; seedlings; statistical models; Finland
Abstract:
... Several insecticides used against large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.)) feeding have been prohibited due to environmental and health issues. Thus, there is a need to find other protection methods. We investigated whether spot mounding without insecticide protection could ensure high seedling survival in boreal conditions. In addition, we predicted pine weevil feeding and mortality by site, pla ...
... Conifer defences can be induced by exogenous chemical elicitors, thereby reducing damage caused by bark-feeding insects. However, the insect behavioural mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Thus, effects of artificially induced plant defences on feeding behaviour of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a serious forest pest, were examined to explore mechanisms involved in decision-making proc ...
... Feeding by pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) causes severe damage to newly planted conifer seedlings in most parts of Scandinavia. We investigated the effect of planting time and insecticide treatment on pine weevil damage and seedling growth. The main objective was to study if planting in early autumn on fresh clear-cuts would promote seedling establishment and reduce the amount of damage caused ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; acetates; bait traps; branches; chemical defenses; cineole; conifers; crop production; dispensers; elicitors; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; methyl jasmonate; phloem; seedlings; trees; Europe
Abstract:
... In large parts of Europe, insecticide-free measures for protecting conifer plants are desired to suppress damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.). Treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a chemical elicitor already used in crop production, may enhance expression of chemical defenses in seedlings in conifer regenerations. However, in a previous experiment, MeJA treatment resulted in substan ...
Dryocoetes; Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; Rhagium; breeding; dead wood; habitats; insects; phylogeny; rearing; roots; species diversity; stumps; wood
Abstract:
... Stump extraction (which include removal of coarse roots) will reduce the available habitat for insects breeding in dead wood (saproxylic species). The root-living diversity is largely unknown which is unsatisfactory as 68% of the wood harvested at stump extraction is root wood. We compared the diversity of saproxylic beetles in Norway spruce, Picea abies, coarse roots with that in the above-ground ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; bioenergy; clearcutting; ecology; field experimentation; forests; harvesting; seedlings; smell; stumps; Finland
Abstract:
... Tree stumps are being increasingly used for bioenergy purposes, which may have significant effects on pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) populations and the level of damage they can cause to seedlings. Pine weevils are attracted by the smell of fresh stumps in clear-cut areas, and have been shown to cause serious damage to planted coniferous seedlings in European forests. This study was conducted t ...
... Analysis of the feeding behavior of animals using such a high temporal resolution that meals can be defined may improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating feeding. Meals can be distinguished in an ethologically meaningful manner by using the ‘meal criterion’, the shortest non‐feeding interval between feeding bouts recognized as meals. However, such a criterion has only been determined ...
... The pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae] has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, although there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, in the present study, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruc ...
... Herbivore damage commonly initiates an increased synthesis of chemical defensive compounds in attacked plants. Such induced defences are a vital part of plant defence systems, but when herbivore pressure is high, as frequently occurs in man-made ecosystems such as agricultural and forest plantations, plants may suffer considerable damage before adequate induced defences build up. To prepare the pl ...
... Small conifer seedlings (mini-seedlings) are less damaged by the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) compared to conventional seedlings. Chemical difference between the seedling types is one possible explanation for this phenomenon. In the present paper, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) of 7- to 43-week-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] se ...
Hylobius abietis; Picea abies; boreal forests; coatings; control methods; cypermethrin; forest regeneration; humus; imidacloprid; mineral soils; mortality; sand; seedlings; site preparation; stems; Sweden
Abstract:
... Successful regeneration of conifer forests by planting is, in large parts of Europe, highly dependent on the effective suppression of damage caused by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis. We investigated the effectiveness of various combinations of control measures against pine weevil damage under boreal forest conditions in Sweden. In particular, we aimed to determine whether satisfactory regenerati ...
... Plants can respond physiologically to damaging ultraviolet-B radiation by altering leaf chemistry, especially UV absorbing phenolic compounds. However, the effects on terpene emissions have received little attention. We conducted two field trials in plots with supplemented UV-B radiation and assessed the influence of feeding by pine weevils, Hylobius abietis L., on volatile emissions from 3-year o ...
... Induced responses by Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings to feeding damage by two mite species were studied by analyzing the volatiles emitted during infestation. Four specimens of a Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) clone were infested with mites of Nalepella sp., another four with Oligonychus ununguis, and four were kept mite-free as controls. After a year of infestation, spruce volatiles were co ...
... 1 A new method for the physical protection of conifer seedlings against feeding damage by Hylobius abietis (L.), is described and evaluated in field trials in Swedish forest plantations. 2 The lower 60% of the stem of the seedling is protected by the Conniflex coating, consisting of fine sand (grain size = 0.2 mm) embedded in an acrylate dispersion that remains flexible after drying. 3 Seedlings a ...
... 1 The feeding preference of the adult pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for Betula pendula Roth was studied in no-choice and paired-choice feeding experiments. 2 In the first no-choice test, large quantities of silver birch bark in Petri dishes were consumed; on average, the daily consumption of each weevil was 67 mm². 3 In the second no-choice test, the weevils were of ...
Picea abies; plant establishment; tree growth; forest trees; conifers; mulching; seedlings; seedling growth; insecticides; pesticide application; vegetation; plant competition; drought; water stress; soil water content; Hylobius abietis; Sweden
Abstract:
... Establishment of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings is often restricted by competition from vegetation, drought, and damage by pine weevils. In this study, effects of mulching on these factors were investigated. Norway spruce seedlings were planted on fresh and 1-year-old clearcuts treated with mulch on three sites in southern Sweden. Mulch was made of slash from the old stand and a ...
... The distribution of genetic variation within and among 20 European sites infested by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, was analysed using dominant amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Analysis of molecular variance was performed at the European, regional and local scales. Most of the genetic variability was found within rather than among populations and the global fixation index ...
... A medium-length, straight-chain alkanoic acid, nonanoic acid, is known from laboratory microassays to be an antifeedant in adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Our hypothesis was that we could find new, less volatile alkanoic acids or related compounds suitable for field application and with improved long-term duration. Alkanoic acids of varying chain ...
Picea abies; Hylobius abietis; pest control; seedlings; artificial regeneration; insecticides; mortality; Sweden
Abstract:
... In a field experiment in southern Sweden we investigated the single and combined effects of shelterwood, soil scarification, and feeding barriers on pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. The seedlings were planted on four different sites, each consisting of two plots, one clearcut and one with shelterwood (98-148 stems/ha). These plots were ...
... Reproduction of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.) in stumps of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) was studied in relation to stump condition. Cut surfaces of stumps were treated to promote or retard microbial colonization during the 4 months following cutting, chemical and physiological properties of the stumps were monitored. The number of emerging we ...
... In assessments of pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.)) feeding on conifer seedlings in Sweden, positive linear relationships were found between the numbers of attacked seedlings and each of the numbers of seedlings killed by pine weevil feeding, the damage score, and the mean estimated extent of feeding on damaged seedlings. Hence the damage score was described by polynomial regression on number of ...