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... Predicting antigens that would be protective is crucial for the development of recombinant vaccine using genome based vaccine development, also known as reverse vaccinology. High-throughput antigen screening is effective for identifying vaccine target genes, particularly for pathogens for which minimal antigenicity data exist. Using red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) as a research model, we developed ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Western blotting; antiserum; coat proteins; financial economics; fish culture; freshwater fish; gel electrophoresis; immune response; industry; mortality; neutralization; proteome; proteomics; structural proteins; vaccines; virion; Asia
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, is one of the major agents causing mortality and economic losses to the freshwater fish culture industry in Asian countries. Currently, little information regarding the antigenic properties of Megalocytivirus (especially ISKNV) is available. Our previous study using four differen ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is one of the major epidemiological agents that had caused great economic loss in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). In this study, a specific TaqMan real-time PCR was developed using a pair of primers and a TaqMan probe specific to the ORF007 gene of ISKNV to rapidly detect ISKNV copies in Chinese perch samples. This assay was optimized to produ ...
... Autophagy plays important functions in viral replication and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in the replication of infectious kidney and spleen necrosis virus (ISKNV), an agent that has caused devastating losses in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) industry. We found that ISKNV infection triggered the complete autophagic process, as demonstrated by microtubule-as ...
... C-type lectin (CTL) is an immune receptor and is received extensive attention of its important roles in immune response and immune escape. Some CTL, such as CTL4, has been well characterized in human and several other mammals, but much less documentation exists about the immunological function of CTL4 in lower vertebrates. In the present study, a C-type lectin domain family 4 member, SsCTL4, which ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Rhabdoviridae; Siniperca chuatsi; amino acid sequences; brain; fish; glutamine; immunology; kidneys; metabolism; open reading frames; protein content; shellfish; spleen; transcription factors; virus replication
Abstract:
... c-Myc is a transcription factor and master regulator of cellular metabolism, and plays a critical role in virus replication by regulating glutamine metabolism. In this study, the open-reading frame (ORF) of c-Myc, designated as Sc-c-Myc, was cloned and sequenced. Multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence showed that the conserved domain of Sc-c-Myc, including the helix–loop–helix-zipper (bHLHz ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of megalocytivirus, Iridoviridae. A novel membrane protein corresponding to the first open reading frame (ORF001L) of ISKNV genome was identified. This 378-residue protein, termed the VP001L protein, has a high content of hydrophobic sequences and contains 10–11 putative transmembrane domains, indicating it may be a membrane p ...
... Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2) is a Zn2+-dependent peptidase that plays important roles in binding to microbial components of the cell membrane, inducing phagocytosis and antimicrobial activity. Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) PGRP2 (RbPGRP2) was identified in the intestine by next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The open reading frame (ORF) the RbPGRP2 cDNA (470 amino acid r ...
... In fish, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a very important immune-regulatory cytokine that plays a polyfunctional role in inflammation, metabolism, regeneration, and neural processes. IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) is a specific receptor for IL-6 and expressed mainly in immune cells and hepatocytes. In this study, the complete cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) IL-6 and IL ...
... Siniperca chuatsi is an economically important fish in China, but infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) causes high mortality and significant economic losses. Currently, vaccination is the most promising strategy to prevent infectious diseases, while adjuvant can effectively enhance immune responses. In this study, inactivated ISKNV vaccine was prepared, then poly (I:C), chitosan, an ...
... Cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family, members of which play important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) cathepsin D (RbCTSD) cDNAs were identified by expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rock bream liver cDNA library. The full-length RbCTSD cDNA (1644 bp) con ...
... In this study we cloned and characterized a CXCR1-like gene (mfCXCR1) from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). The full-length cDNA of mfCXCR1 is 2,173 bp and contains a 1,056 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein of 351 amino acids. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) are 57 and 1,080 bp in length, respectively. The coding region of the mfCXCR1 gene consists of a single exon with ...
Frog virus 3; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Pimephales promelas; RNA interference; Siniperca chuatsi; antiserum; double-stranded RNA; epithelial cells; fish fry; gene overexpression; genes; messenger RNA; open reading frames; reproduction; signal peptide; tissue distribution; viruses
Abstract:
... The systemic RNA interference defective protein (SID)-1 plays an important role in dsRNA uptake in cells. We identified the ScSidT2 gene from the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), which is the first-studied SID-1 homolog in fish. ScSidT2 mRNA is 3380bp long and contains a 2568-bp open reading frame that encodes an 855-amino-acid protein with an N-terminal signal peptide and ten putative transmemb ...
Francisella; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Maccullochella peelii peelii; anorexia; case studies; females; fish farms; gills; grouper; histopathology; macrophages; males; mixed infection; mortality; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); splenomegaly; swimming; viruses; China
Abstract:
... From October–December 2018, a mass mortality among cultured pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatus) occurred on a private grouper farm in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Approximately 120 dead fish from each pond were recorded daily, and the cumulative mortality was up to 52% within 56 days. Diseased fish showed clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, slo ...
... In spite of the quite common co-infections of viruses in the cultured fish, most of the previous studies have just simply focused on the infection of a single pathogen. In this report, we observed that about 13% of cultured Chinese perch have been co-infected by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). Furthermore, Chinese perch could co-infecte ...
... In Korea, red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), especially subtype II, has been the main causative agent of red sea bream iridoviral disease since the 1990s. Herein, we report two Korean RSIV isolates with different subtypes based on the major capsid protein and adenosine triphosphatase genes: 17SbTy (RSIV mixed subtype I/II) from Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and 17RbGs (RSIV subtype II) fr ...
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) is the causative agent of the iridoviral disease with high mortality rates in cultured fish. Our laboratory reported the first case of RSIV infection in India which resulted in mass mortalities of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The RSIV-LC strain isolated from infected fish was subjected to complete genome sequencing and analysis. The complete genome of RSIV-LC wa ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Pagrus major; adenosinetriphosphatase; coat proteins; genes; genotype; open reading frames; phylogeny; viruses
Abstract:
... Megalocytiviruses are classified into three genotypes, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red seabream virus (RSIV), and turbo reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), based on the major capsid protein and ATPase genes. However, only a few complete genome sequences have been obtained. This paper reports the complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of an RSIV-Ku strain megalocyt ...
DNA; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; albino; genotype; histopathology; kidneys; spleen; transmission electron microscopy; viruses
Abstract:
... The genus Megalocytivirus includes viruses known to cause significant disease in aquacultured fish stocks. Herein, we report the complete genome sequences of two megalocytiviruses (MCVs) isolated from diseased albino rainbow sharks Epalzeorhynchos frenatum reared on farms in the United States in 2018 and 2019. Histopathological examination revealed typical megalocytivirus microscopic lesions (i.e. ...
... Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of mediators in various biological processes including immune modulation of interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, the data on the complete composition of IRFs is rather limited in teleost fish. In the present study, all IRF members, i.e. IRF1‒11 with two IRF4, IRF4a and IRF4b have been characterised in an aquaculture sp ...
Aeromonas hydrophila; Ctenopharyngodon idella; Edwardsiella tarda; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Paralichthys olivaceus; Vibrio alginolyticus; antibodies; aquaculture industry; ethics; farmed fish; field experimentation; fish production; food safety; immune response; inactivated vaccines; live vaccines; markets; shellfish; sustainable development; turbot; vaccination; veterinary medicine; China
Abstract:
... In the past decades, the aquaculture industry made great progress in China, which contributes more than 70% yield of the world's farmed fish. Along with the rapid growth of fish production, increased emergence and outbreak of numbers of diseases pose harm to the aquaculture industry and food safety. From the efficient, safe, environmental and ethical aspects, vaccines is definitely the most approp ...
... The interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) protein is expected to play a role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in adult mice, since it is known to repress transcription of NF-κB in myoblasts that regenerate skeletal muscle after traumatic injury Micheli et al., 2011. The IFRD2 gene is expressed in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, heart, brain, lung, placenta ...
... C-reactive protein (CRP) is a member of the pentraxin family and is an acute-phase response to plasma protein; its level in blood increases rapidly in response to trauma, inflammation, and infection. In the present study, we analysed the molecular characteristics of the Oplegnathus fasciatus CRP (RbCRP) gene sequence using multiple alignments and phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acids. I ...
... Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) repressing factor (NKRF) specifically inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-κB protein. The PmNKRF cDNA is composed of 757 amino acid residues. Alignment analysis revealed that the G-patch and R3H domains are conserved in different organisms. We aimed to analyse red sea bream NKRF (PmNKRF) gene expression after infection with pathogens [Streptococcus iniae or re ...
... Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are widely distributed integral membrane proteins implicated in membrane trafficking. Secretory carrier membrane protein 5 (SCAMP5) is expected to be involved in regulation of the immune response because it is expressed in a variety of immune tissues and promotes the secretion of cytokines in monocytes and macrophages. In this study, we performed an ana ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Siniperca chuatsi; aquaculture industry; fish fry; genes; homologous recombination; immunology; mortality; mutants; peptides; protein synthesis; shellfish; structural proteins; transcriptomics; viral genome; virion; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, infects a variety of teleost fish species and causes substantial losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. ISKNV ORF71L is 1611 bp in length, encodes a 537-amino-acid peptide and was previously identified as a viral structural protein in the ISKNV virion. In this study, the ORF71L deletion mutan ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Retroviridae; Siniperca chuatsi; T-lymphocytes; amino acids; carcinogenesis; cell proliferation; death; fish; fish diseases; fruit diseases; gene deletion; genes; growth curves; homologous recombination; humans; immunoglobulin M; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-8; live vaccines; terminal repeat sequences; viral load; virulence; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a significant cultured species with high added value in China. With the expansion of farming, diseases of mandarin fish such as Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) diseases are becoming more and more serious. Human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H long terminal repeat associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a type 1 transmembrane molecule with three e ...
... ‘Gold standard’ OIE reference PCR assay was utilized to detect the presence of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in freshwater ornamental fish from Malaysia. From total of 210 ornamental fish samples representing 14 species, ISKNV was detected in 36 samples representing 5 fish species. All positive cases did not show any clinical signs of ISKNV. Three restriction enzymes analyses ...
... The movement of ornamental fish through international trade is a major factor for the transboundary spread of pathogens. In Australia, ornamental fish which may carry dwarf gourami iridovirus (DGIV), a strain of Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), have been identified as a biosecurity risk despite relatively stringent import quarantine measures being applied. In order to gain know ...
... AIMS: Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has recently been recognized as a causative agent of serious systemic disease in tilapia. Our objective was to establish a new colorimetric loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with pre‐addition of hydroxynapthol blue (blue‐LAMP) to investigate ISKNV transmission in tilapia. METHODS AND RESULTS: The blue‐LAMP, targeting a maj ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis, caused by the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), has damaged the economy of the world fish industry. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel, sensitive, accurate and absolute quantitation method that does not require a standard curve. In this study, we established a sensitive ddPCR method to rapidly detect and quantify ISKNV DNA. The establis ...
... Red Mark Syndrome (RMS) is a skin disease of uncertain etiology affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It consists of single or multiple skin lesions usually localized on the trunk of fish approaching market size. Studies showed as rickettsia-like organism (RLO), currently referred as Midichloria-like organism (MLO), is supposed to be involved in RMS. Midichloria-like has been ident ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Oplegnathus fasciatus; Pagrus major; adjuvants; aluminum hydroxide; antigens; bream; cell lines; dose response; mortality; squalene; water temperature
Abstract:
... A formalin-inactivated red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) vaccine was prepared using the culture supernatant of a persistently infected Pagrus major fin cell line (PI-PMF) with IVS-1 strain (RSIV subtype II Meglaocytivirus). Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were injected with a high-dose, ultracentrifuged megalocytivirus vaccine (Ultra HSCMV, 7.0 × 10¹⁰ copies/mL), a high-dose supernatant of cultur ...
... We developed a cell line (SKF-9) from spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), which is highly susceptible to red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). Cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized by rounding and enlargement was clearly observed in RSIV-infected SKF-9 cells. The amount of viral production of SKF-9 cells was approximately 100 times greater than that of GF cells, which is conventionally used for R ...
DNA; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; detection limit; fish diseases; ornamental fish; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; quantitative analysis; quarantine; reference standards; screening; viruses; Australia
Abstract:
... Viruses in the genus Megalocytivirus (Family Iridoviridae) have emerged as a source of significant disease and mortality in fish worldwide. Although regarded as exotic in Australia, the importation of ornamental fish provides a transmission pathway for the introduction of a megalocytivirus, dwarf gourami iridovirus (DGIV), which is a strain of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). T ...
... Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes scale drop disease (SDD) in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The outbreaks of this disease are one of the factors causing substantial losses in Asian sea bass aquaculture. In this study, the uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UDG)‐supplemented cross‐priming amplification (UCPA) combined with a colorimetric detection method u ...
DNA; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Seriola quinqueradiata; aquaculture; detection limit; fish diseases; flocculation; genome; monitoring; mortality; pathogens; prediction; quantitative analysis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; rearing; seawater; viruses; Japan
Abstract:
... Pathogen dynamics in environmental water are considered to be highly associated with the prevalence of fish disease. To examine the dynamics of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), which has caused serious damage in marine aquacultures in Japan, we developed a highly sensitive and quantitative method by combining the viral concentration and real-time PCR to detect the virus in seawater. The iron flocc ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Japan; genome; genotyping; haplotypes; mortality; phylogeny; single nucleotide polymorphism; viruses
Abstract:
... Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus of the family Iridoviridae is the cause of serious mass mortality of cultured marine fishes. RSIV‐type megalocytiviruses show extremely high nucleotide sequence identities. Thus, epidemiological studies on this virus are limited. This study developed two primer sets amplifying the regions possessing single nucleotide polymorphi ...
Acanthopagrus; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Ranavirus; Western blotting; aquaculture; ascites; brain; cell culture; cell lines; chromosomes; cytopathogenicity; etiological agents; fetal bovine serum; fluorescent antibody technique; grouper; karyotyping; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transmission electron microscopy; vaccines; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a very distinct member of genus Megalocytivirus in family Iridoviridae, was recently confirmed as the most alarming causative agent associated with yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus ascites diseases in South China. To better understand how host-pathogen interacting and developing cell-culture based vaccine, establishment of highly susceptible cell line generat ...
Frog virus 3; Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Iridovirus; Santee-Cooper ranavirus; Western blotting; autophagy; fluorescence; host-pathogen relationships; models; salamanders and newts; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Autophagy of five vertebrate iridoviruses, including one megalocytivirus (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV) and four ranaviruses (Chinese giant salamander iridovirus, CGSIV; Tiger frog virus, TFV; Grouper iridovirus, GIV; and Largemouth bass virus, LMBV) were investigated in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (MFF-1) cell model. The results showed marked autophagosome f ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), family Iridoviridae, genus Megalocytivirus, may cause high mortality rates such as those seen in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. ISKNV has attracted much attention due to the possible environmental threat and economic losses it poses on both cultured and wild populations. We have investigated the pathogenicity of ISKNV‐like agent Megalocytivir ...
... Co-infection with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Aeromonas hydrophila is becoming ever more widespread in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) aquaculture industry, so that it’s necessary to develop the combined vaccine against ISKNV and A. hydrophila disease. The surface display of heterologous on bacteria using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has already been ...
... Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in organisms, including the structure and liquidity of cell membranes, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Very little has been done in terms of the effect of PUFAs on cell death, especially on DNA virus. In this study, we demonstrated that the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) can induce host cell death via the apoptotic ...
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) has caused significant loss in the Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) aquaculture industry. Vaccination is an important measure to prevent fatal ISKNV infection. In this study, the ORF086 gene encoding an early protein helicase of ISKNV was cloned into the prokaryotic pET32a (+) and eukaryotic pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vectors and designated as pET0 ...
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus; Western blotting; antibodies; coat proteins; control methods; etiological agents; fish; fish industry; fluorescent antibody technique; immunity; immunoglobulin M; mass spectrometry; neutralization; recombinant proteins; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; vaccines; virion; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, is the most important etiological agents in mandarin fish industry in China. Since its first occurrence in China in the early 1990s, there is no effective method to prevent and control this virus. Here we report the successful development of a formalin-killed cell-cultured (FK ...
... Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is among the most important cultured fish species in China and various viral diseases have greatly affected the largemouth bass industry. We established a permanent cell line from the heart of M. salmoides (MSH) that has been subcultured over 70 times and showed optimal growth at 27 °C using Medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. MSH cells cons ...
... In this study, we established and characterized a continuous cell line from the spinal cord tissue of mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi and assessed its susceptibility to infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), Siniperca chuatsi ranavirus (SCRaV) and Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). The cell line, named SCC, has been successively cultured up to 40 passages. The optimal growing con ...
Roberto Bermúdez; Ana Paula Losada; Ana Manuela de Azevedo; Jorge Guerra‐Varela; David Pérez‐Fernández; Laura Sánchez; Francesc Padrós; Barbara Nowak; María Isabel Quiroga
... Zebrafish has become a popular research model in the last years, and several diseases affecting zebrafish research facilities have been reported. However, only one case of naturally occurring viral infections was described for this species. In 2015, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) was detected in zebrafish from a research facility in Spain. Affected fish showed lethargy, loss o ...
... In this study, we isolated and characterized programmed cell death10 (PDCD10), which is known to be related to apoptosis, from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). The full-length rock bream PDCD10 (RbPDCD10) cDNA (1459 bp) contains an open reading frame of 633 bp that encodes 210 amino acids. Furthermore, multiple alignments revealed that the six of the α-helix bundles were well conserved among th ...