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1. Detecting different levels of drought stress in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) with selected biochemical and physiological parameters

Author:
Šircelj, H.; Tausz, M.; Grill, D.; Batič, F.
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2007 v.113 no.4 pp. 362-369
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
tocopherols; apples; drought tolerance; sorbitol; drought; irrigation scheduling; orchards; carbon dioxide; glutathione; stomatal conductance; biomarkers; water stress; carotenoids; Malus domestica; photosynthesis; relative humidity; carbohydrate content; leaf water potential; ascorbic acid; free amino acids; chlorophyll
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2007.04.012

2. Effect and after-effect of water stress on the distribution of newly-fixed 14C-photoassimilate in micropropagated apple plants

Author:
Dai, Z.W.; Wang, L.J.; Zhao, J.Y.; Fan, P.G.; Li, S.H.
Source:
Environmental and experimental botany 2007 v.60 no.3 pp. 484-494
ISSN:
0098-8472
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; micropropagation; photosynthates; water stress; stable isotopes; isotope labeling; drought; leaves; translocation (plant physiology); phloem; xylem; source-sink relationships; compensatory growth; dry matter partitioning
Abstract:
... The effect and after-effect of water stress on the distribution of photoassimilate, fixed at different times during and after water stress, were investigated in one-year-old micropropagated 'Gala' apple plants (Malus domestica Borkh.) by feeding mature leaves with 14CO2. Plants grown in Hoagland's nutrition solution were subjected either to water stress at moderate intensity, induced by polyethyle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.02.001

3. Non-destructive analyses of apple quality parameters by means of laser-induced light backscattering imaging

Author:
Qing, Zhaoshen; Ji, Baoping; Zude, Manuela
Source:
Postharvest biology and technology 2008 v.48 no.2 pp. 215-222
ISSN:
0925-5214
Subject:
harvest date; cultivars; plant development; image analysis; apples; plant available water; lasers; total soluble solids; calibration; equations; drought; model validation; fruit quality; water stress; firmness; precision agriculture; spectral analysis; Malus domestica; nondestructive methods
Abstract:
... Monitoring of apple fruit development is necessary to determine appropriate production measures. Furthermore, consumer acceptance of apples depends on internal quality especially regarding the soluble solids content (SSC) and fruit flesh firmness. In the present work, laser-induced light backscattering imaging was applied to analyze fruit SSC and firmness during apple development in different grow ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.10.004

4. Osmyb4 expression improves adaptive responses to drought and cold stress in transgenic apples

Author:
Pasquali, Gemma; Biricolti, Stefano; Locatelli, Franca; Baldoni, Elena; Mattana, Monica
Source:
Plant cell reports 2008 v.27 no.10 pp. 1677-1686
ISSN:
0721-7714
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Malus domestica; apples; aromatic compounds; betaine; cold stress; drought; fructose; gene expression; genes; glucose; perennials; proline; rice; stress response; stress tolerance; sucrose; transcription factors; water stress
Abstract:
... Constitutive expression of the rice cold-inducible Osmyb4 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants improves adaptive responses to cold and drought stress, most likely due to the constitutive activation of several stress-inducible pathways and to the accumulation of several compatible solutes (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, glycine betaine and some aromatic compounds ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00299-008-0587-9
PubMed:
18679687

5. Determining reference values for stem water potential and maximum daily trunk shrinkage in young apple trees based on plant responses to water deficit

Author:
De Swaef, Tom; Steppe, Kathy; Lemeur, Raoul
Source:
Agricultural water management 2009 v.96 no.4 pp. 541-550
ISSN:
0378-3774
Subject:
reference standards; water potential; stems; tree trunk; plant-water relations; apples; Malus domestica; irrigation scheduling; seasonal variation; soil water; drought; cultivars; sap flow; photosynthesis; plant response; Belgium
Abstract:
... The use of plant water status indicators such as midday stem water potential (Ψ stem) and maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) in irrigation scheduling requires the definition of a reference or threshold value, beyond which irrigation is necessary. These reference values are generally obtained by comparing the seasonal variation of plant water status with the environmental conditions under non-limi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agwat.2008.09.013

6. Response and regulation of the S6PDH gene in apple leaves under osmotic stress

Author:
J. Y. Zhang; R. R. Tian; J. L. Dong; K. Zhao; T. H. Li; T. Wang
Source:
Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology 2011 v.86 no.6 pp. 563-568
ISSN:
1462-0316
Subject:
Malus domestica; abscisic acid; apples; beta-glucuronidase; biotechnology; chromosome walking; drought; enzyme activity; horticulture; leaves; osmotic stress; photosynthesis; reporter genes; sorbitol; sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase; tobacco; transcription (genetics); transgenic plants; water stress
Abstract:
... Sorbitol is the main product of photosynthesis in members of the Rosaceae family, many of which accumulate sorbitol under osmotic stress.To elucidate whether sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH; the rate-limiting enzyme for sorbitol synthesis) is involved in the response to osmotic stress and to clarify the mechanism by which expression of the S6PDH gene was induced by drought stress, sorbit ...
DOI:
10.1080/14620316.2011.11512804

7. Shifts in xylem vessel diameter and embolisms in grafted apple trees of differing rootstock growth potential in response to drought

Author:
Taryn L. Bauerle; Michela Centinari; William L. Bauerle
Source:
Planta 2011 v.234 no.5 pp. 1045-1054
ISSN:
0032-0935
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; drought; embolism; plant growth; plant organs; plant response; plant-water relations; rootstocks; scions; soil water; trees; vigor; xylem vessels
Abstract:
... We investigated responses of plant growth rate, hydraulic resistance, and xylem cavitation in scion-rootstock-combinations of Malus domestica L. cv. Honeycrisp scions grafted onto a high-shoot vigor (HSV) rootstock, (semi-dwarfing Malling111), or onto a low-shoot vigor (LSV) rootstock, (dwarfing Budagovsky 9), in response to substrate moisture limitation. Adjustments in xylem vessel diameter and f ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00425-011-1460-6
PubMed:
21710199

8. The responses of the enzymes related with ascorbate-glutathione cycle during drought stress in apple leaves

Author:
Ma, Yu-Hua; Ma, Feng-Wang; Wang, Yong-Hong; Zhang, Jun-Ke
Source:
Acta physiologiae plantarum 2011 v.33 no.1 pp. 173-180
ISSN:
0137-5881
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; ascorbate peroxidase; ascorbic acid; drought; enzyme activity; gene expression; glutathione; glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate); glutathione-disulfide reductase; leaves; monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH); soil water content; stress response; water stress
Abstract:
... To explore the significance of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle under drought stress, the leaves of 2-year-old potted apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) plants were used to investigate the changes of each component of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as the gene expression of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11738-010-0535-5

9. Apple drought – and resistance (Malus Domestica Borkh.)

Author:
А. І. Трохимчук; Д. Г. Макарова
Source:
Plant varieties studying and protection 2012 v.0 no.3(17) pp. 24-28
ISSN:
2518-7457
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; drought; forest steppe; heat tolerance; leaves; water content; Ukraine
Abstract:
... Assessment is made for heat-resistance of 10 promising domestic and foreign apple varieties, as well as for their drought- resistance (leaf tissue water content, water holding capacity and turgorescence); also, impact of weather conditions on implementation of its drought and heat resistance by the research subject is determined. The article highlights the best in Ukraine’s Forest-Steppe environme ...
DOI:
10.21498/2518-1017.3(17).2012.58798

10. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of dehydrin gene family in Malus domestica

Author:
Dong Liang; Hui Xia; Shan Wu; Fengwang Ma
Source:
Molecular biology reports 2012 v.39 no.12 pp. 10759-10768
ISSN:
0301-4851
Subject:
Malus domestica; abiotic stress; abscisic acid; apples; bioinformatics; chromosomes; cold; drought; gene expression; gene expression regulation; genes; messenger RNA; plant development; plant stress; proteins; salinity; stress response; temperature
Abstract:
... The family of dehydrin genes has important roles in protecting higher plants against abiotic stress, such as drought, salinity and cold. However, knowledge about apple dehydrin gene family is limited. In the present study, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify members of that family in apple (Malus domestica). A total of 12 apple dehydrin genes (MdDHNs) were identified and located on vario ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11033-012-1968-2

11. Growth, biomass allocation, and water use efficiency of 31 apple cultivars grown under two water regimes

Author:
Binghua Liu; Liang Cheng; Fengwang Ma; Yangjun Zou; Dong Liang
Source:
Agroforestry systems 2012 v.84 no.2 pp. 117-129
ISSN:
0167-4366
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; arid zones; biomass production; carbon; correlation; cultivars; drought; dry matter partitioning; gas exchange; isotopes; leaf area; plant growth; stomatal conductance; trees; water potential; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... Plant growth, biomass allocation, carbon isotope composition (δ13C), and water use efficiency (WUE) of 31 cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown under two water regimes were measured. Drought-stressed plants showed significant declines in tree height, trunk diameter, biomass production, and total leaf area, the extent to which depended upon cultivar. Also, gas exchange rates, instantane ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10457-011-9427-y

12. Growth, gas exchange, water-use efficiency, and carbon isotope composition of ‘Gale Gala’ apple trees grafted onto 9 wild Chinese rootstocks in response to drought stress

Author:
B. H. Liu; L. Cheng; D. Liang; Y. J. Zou; F. W. Ma
Source:
Photosynthetica 2012 v.50 no.3 pp. 401-410
ISSN:
0300-3604
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; biomass production; carbon; chlorophyll; drought; gas exchange; isotopes; leaf area; leaves; photosynthesis; rootstocks; scions; shoots; stomatal conductance; trees; vegetative growth; water content; water holding capacity; water stress; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... To determine the effects of rootstock choice on the scion response to drought stress, we compared the vegetative growth, biomass accumulation, gas exchange, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of ‘Gale Gala’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees grafted onto nine wild Chinese Malus rootstocks. Compared with the well-watered control, drought treatment limited growth, as manifested by smaller increments i ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11099-012-0048-0

13. Influence of rootstock on drought response in young ‘Gale Gala’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees

Author:
Bing‐hua Liu; Liang Cheng; Feng‐wang Ma; Dong Liang; Yang‐jun Zou
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2012 v.92 no.12 pp. 2421-2427
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
Malus domestica; abscisic acid; apples; arid zones; biomass production; chlorophyll; drought; enzyme activity; fluorescence; genotype; growth retardation; leaf area; leaves; photosynthesis; plant growth; plant stress; reactive oxygen species; rootstocks; sap; stress response; stress tolerance; trees; water content; water stress; water use efficiency; xylem
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Drought is a major environmental stress limiting plant growth, productivity, and survival worldwide. Rootstocks are widely used to enhance plants resistance to drought stresses. This study determined influence of rootstock on drought responses in 1‐year‐old ‘Gale Gala’ apple trees grafted onto Malus sieversii or M. hupehensis. RESULTS: Choice of rootstock resulted in differential respo ...
DOI:
10.1002/jsfa.5647
PubMed:
22430615

14. Responses of young ‘Pink lady’ apple to alternate deficit irrigation following long-term drought: growth, photosynthetic capacity, water-use efficiency, and sap flow

Author:
X. P. Sun; H. L. Yan; P. Ma; B. H. Liu; Y. J. Zou; D. Liang; F. W. Ma; P. M. Li
Source:
Photosynthetica 2012 v.50 no.4 pp. 501-507
ISSN:
0300-3604
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; biomass; correlation; deficit irrigation; drought; greenhouses; irrigation rates; irrigation water; leaf area; photosynthesis; rootstocks; sap flow; scions; stomatal conductance; trees; water use efficiency
Abstract:
... We studied photosynthetic capacity, growth, sap flow, and water-use efficiency in young trees of ‘Pink Lady’ apple (Malus domestica) that were exposed to 60 d of moisture stress. Three irrigation schemes were tested in the greenhouse: well-watered control; drought; or alternate deficit irrigation (ADI). Compared with the drought-stressed plants, those treated via ADI showed better height growth, l ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11099-012-0058-y

15. Does freezing and dynamic flexing of frozen branches impact the cavitation resistance of Malus domestica and the Populus clone Walker?

Author:
Karen K. Christensen-Dalsgaard; Melvin T. Tyree
Source:
Oecologia 2013 v.173 no.3 pp. 665-674
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Malus domestica; Populus; air; apples; branches; clones; drought; ecophysiology; freezing; frost; frost resistance; ice; shoots; spring; temperate forests; trees; xylem
Abstract:
... Frost damage to the xylem conduits of trees is a phenomenon of eco-physiological importance. It is often documented in terms of the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC), an indicator of air filling of the conduits. However, trees that refill their conduits in spring could be impacted more by damage to the conduits that reduce cavitation resistance, making them more susceptible to future drought e ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-013-2656-1
PubMed:
23624704

16. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the SnRK2 gene family in Malus prunifolia

Author:
Yun Shao; Yuan Qin; Yangjun Zou; Fengwang Ma
Source:
Gene 2014 v.552 pp. 87-97
ISSN:
0378-1119
Subject:
Malus domestica; Malus prunifolia; abscisic acid; apples; drought; genes; leaves; osmotic stress; phylogeny; plant response; protein-serine-threonine kinases; proteins; salinity; signal transduction; sucrose; tissues
Abstract:
... Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) constitutes a small plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family with essential roles in the abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway and in responses to osmotic stress. Although a genome-wide analysis of this family has been conducted in some species, little is known about SnRK2 genes in apple (Malus domestica). We identified 14 putative sequen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.017

17. Isolation and characterization of MdATG18a, a WD40-repeat AuTophaGy-related gene responsive to leaf senescence and abiotic stress in Malus

Author:
Ping Wang; Xun Sun; Zhiyong Yue; Dong Liang; Na Wang; Fengwang Ma
Source:
Scientia horticulturae 2014 v.165 pp. 51-61
ISSN:
0304-4238
Subject:
Arabidopsis; Malus domestica; abiotic stress; amino acids; apples; autophagy; binding sites; cell membranes; complementary DNA; drought; genes; heat; leaves; nitrogen; nucleotides; onions; open reading frames; oxidative stress; phylogeny; plant response; polypeptides; prediction; promoter regions; proteins; recycling; starvation; stress tolerance; tissues
Abstract:
... Autophagy is an important means for recycling damaged cell components or degrading various proteins when plants are under starvation or oxidative stress. AuTophaGy-related gene 18 (ATG18), a phosphoinositide-binding protein that functions through the WD40 domain, is required for vesicle formation in autophagy. Here, we isolated and characterized MdATG18a from Malus domestica. Its full-length cDNA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.038

18. The effects of temperature and drought on autumnal senescence and leaf shed in apple under warm, east mediterranean climate

Author:
Shaul Naschitz; Amos Naor; Shmuel Wolf; Eliezer E. Goldschmidt
Source:
Trees 2014 v.28 no.3 pp. 879-890
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
apples; soil temperature; drought; trees; summer; roots; carbohydrates; water stress; Malus domestica; photosynthesis; leaves; image analysis; autumn; leaf area; water potential; Mediterranean climate; canopy; root systems; color; heat sums; Israel
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : Autumnal senescence of apple in a warm climate corresponds to accumulated degree-days beneath 22 °C. Summer drought delays senescence and enables replenishment of carbohydrate reserves. Recovery of the root system plays a key role. Autumnal senescence of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), a deciduous, temperate climate species, is triggered by a rather abrupt temperature drop, down to t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-014-1001-6

19. Autotetraploidization enhances drought stress tolerance in two apple cultivars

Author:
Feng Zhang; Hao Xue; Xiujun Lu; Bing Zhang; Feng Wang; Yue Ma; Zhihong Zhang
Source:
Trees 2015 v.29 no.6 pp. 1773-1780
ISSN:
0931-1890
Subject:
Malus domestica; adverse effects; apples; aquaporins; chlorophyll; colchicine; cultivars; diploidy; drought; drought tolerance; fluorescence; gene expression; genes; leaves; malondialdehyde; polyethylene glycol; polyploidy; proline; trees; water content; water stress
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE : It reports relevant traits of diploid and autotetraploid apple plants (‘Hanfu’ and ‘Gala’) in response to drought. The differences indicate that apple plants (‘Hanfu’ and ‘Gala’) may differ in their response to drought stress depending on ploidy level. The induction of polyploidy ameliorates the adverse effects of drought in many plants. In this study, the tolerance responses of dipl ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00468-015-1258-4

20. Effects of light intensity on photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms in apple under progressive drought

Author:
Ping MA; Tuan-hui BAI; Xiao-qian WANG; Feng-wang MA
Source:
Journal of integrative agriculture 2015 v.14 no.9 pp. 1755-1766
ISSN:
2095-3119
Subject:
Malus domestica; apples; ascorbate peroxidase; catalase; drought; electron transport chain; electrons; leaves; light intensity; lutein; photorespiration; photosystem II; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; solar radiation; stomatal conductance; trees; water content; water stress
Abstract:
... The effects of light intensity on photosynthesis and photoprotective mechanisms under progressive drought were studied on apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) Fuji. The potted trees were exposed to drought stress for 12 days and different light conditions (100, 60 and 25% sunlight). During the progressive drought, the relative water content (RWC) in leaf declined and was faster in full light than ...
DOI:
10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61148-0