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Physalis angulata; Physalis peruviana; Physalis philadelphica; agronomic traits; breeding programs; chemical constituents of plants; early development; fruits; functional foods; genotype; germination; ingredients; models; multivariate analysis; nutrition; tomatoes; Mexico
Abstract:
... Some species of Physalis develop fruits that are appreciated as fruit and as culinary ingredients. Only Physalis peruviana and Physalis philadelphica are grown on a larger scale in America. Physalis angulata is grown on a small scale in Jalisco, Mexico. It is a wild species with extensive cultivation potential in tropical areas and a model of wide interest due to its phytochemical, pharmacological ...
Neymar Camposeco-Montejo; Antonio Flores-Naveda; Norma Ruiz-Torres; Perpetuo Álvarez-Vázquez; Guillermo Niño-Medina; Xochitl Ruelas-Chacón; María Alejandra Torres-Tapia; Pablo Rodríguez-Salinas; Victor Villanueva-Coronado; Josué I. García-López
... The genetic improvement program of the Seed Technology Training and Development Center works on the agronomic characterization and the content of bioactive compounds in eight genotypes of habanero pepper. The objective is to select genotypes with good agronomic performance that allow the generation of inbred lines to obtain hybrids. In this study, the agronomic performance and the content of bioac ...
... Wild relatives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have primarily been used as sources of genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. A more direct approach to grain yield improvement has been sought by using exotic germplasm to enhance quantitative traits, including grain yield. This study was conducted to determine whether synthetic hexaploids, developed from artificial hybridization of durum wh ...
Cucurbita moschata; Research and Education Center for Tropical Agriculture; agronomic traits; gels; genetic variation; germplasm; haplotypes; heterozygosity; polymerase chain reaction; single-stranded conformational polymorphism; squashes; Colombia; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Peru; Russia
Abstract:
... The aim of this research was the genetic characterization of 218 accessions of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, a squash, and its relationship with morphological characteristics of agronomic interest, which are part of the international collection conserved at Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Costa Rica. The majority of the accessions came from Mexico and Central Ame ...
Víctor Pecina-Quintero; José Luis Anaya-López; Carlos Alberto Núñez-Colín; Alfredo Zamarripa-Colmenero; Noé Montes-García; José Luis Solís-Bonilla; María Rocío Aguilar-Rangel
... Due to the chemical and physical properties of castor oil (Ricinus communis) that make it a valuable raw material for numerous industrial applications, including the production of biofuel, interest to develop more and better varieties has been increased. However, despite this interest, México does not currently have any varieties of enhanced castor for which yield and adaptation have been optimize ...
... Moisture stress greatly limits the productivity of wheat in many wheat-growing regions of the world. Knowledge of the degree of genetic diversity among parental materials for key selection traits will facilitate the development of high yielding, stress tolerant wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to: (i) use amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic diversity ...
... Cluster analysis is commonly used for studying genetic diversity. Problems with hierarchical cluster analysis include how to combine different types of variables (discrete and continuous), choosing distance measurements, applying an appropriate clustering strategy, designating the optimal number of clusters, and identifying variables with significant discriminatory power. Hierarchical clustering m ...
... Conservation agriculture (CA) is an agronomic management system based on zero tillage and residue retention. Due to its potential for climate change adaptation through the reduction of soil erosion and improved water availability, CA is becoming more important in many regions of the world. However, increased bulk density and large amounts of crop residues may be a constraint for early plant establ ...
... Rye (Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is regarded as a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is very important in wheat breeding, but its weakened disease resistance demands the identification of new resources. In the present study, a ...
... This study analyzes the regional diversity of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae) in Aguascalientes, Mexico, in relation to local physical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. A close direct relationship between bean diversity and the physical and biological factors and a close inverse relationship between bean diversity and the cultural and socioeconomic factors was found. Gr ...
spring wheat; photoperiodism; agronomic traits; protein composition; genotype; Minnesota; Mexico
Abstract:
... Daylength insensitivity is an advantageous trait for spring wheat (Triticura aestivum L.) since it allows both a better seed increase from the nurseries in southern latitudes and wider potential use in breeding programs around the world. The ‘Chris’ source of daylength insensitivity was evaluated in the upper Midwest to determine if this trait had adverse effects on agronomic performance. Sixty ra ...
... Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The Lr34 gene is known to confer durable resistance. We evaluated the effect of Lr34 on grain yield and other traits in the absence and presence of leaf rust. ‘Jupateco 73R’ and ‘Jupateco 73S’ (near-isogenic reselections from the Mexican spring wheat cultiva ...
... Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) in many countries. We compared the effectiveness of different types of resistance in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-derived durum wheat germ plasm for protecting grain yield and yield traits. In all, 10 durum wheat lines with race-specific resistance, 18 with slow-rusting resistanc ...
... Gamma irradiation of Capsicum seeds is useful for inducing heritable mutations for breeding or for generating research material for heritability studies on agronomic traits. This study evaluated the effects of gamma-irradiated seeds on germination and plant development in a native cultivar of landrace 'Chile de Agua' (C. annuum L.) that was donated by a farmer in Oaxaca, Mexico. The seed lots were ...
... Core subsets of germplasm collections facilitate their evaluation and use. Field evaluations were conducted to develop a core subset of Caribbean maize (Zea mays L.) accessions from the CIMMYT maize germplasm bank. Most accessions were from the West Indies and others were from Central and South America. The accessions were divided into two trials of 249 accessions and seven common checks that were ...
... Broadening the genetic base for resistance to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is desirable. To date, identified Russian wheat aphid resistance genes are either located to the D chromosomes or to rye translocation of wheat, and resistance derived from the A or B genomes of tetraploid Triticum spp. would therefore be high ...
Weber, Allison L.; Briggs, William H.; Rucker, Jesse; Baltazar, Baltazar M.; Sánchez-Gonzalez, José de Jesús; Feng, Ping; Buckler, Edward S.; Doebley, John
... Previous association analyses showed that variation at major regulatory genes contributes to standing variation for complex traits in Balsas teosinte, the progenitor of maize. This study expands our previous association mapping effort in teosinte by testing 123 markers in 52 candidate genes for association with 31 traits in a population of 817 individuals. Thirty-three significant associations for ...
cultivars; landraces; enzyme polymorphism; multivariate analysis; Phaseolus vulgaris; agronomic traits; phaseolin; disease resistance; genetic variation; allozymes; plant morphology; Mexico; Central America; South America
Abstract:
... Knowledge of patterns of genetic diversity enhances the efficiency of germplasm conservation and improvement. This study examined the organization of diversity for morphological and agronomic characteristics in 306 landraces of cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Latin America and its relationship with phaseolin seed protein and allozyme diversity of the landraces. Data on pigmenta ...
... Heterotic groups and patterns are of fundamental importance in hybrid breeding of maize (Zea mays L.). The major goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance determined with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The objectives of our research were to (i) compare the genetic diversity within and between seven tropical maize populations, (ii) test alt ...
... Blackberry production is steadily increasing in Mexico, where the state of Michoacan is the largest producer in the country with 8,400 ha planted. The limited genetic base of cultivated blackberries in Michoacan has been based on cultivars ('Cherokee', 'Comanche', 'Kiowa') deployed by the University of Arkansas breeding program in the 90s and more recently the Brazilian cultivar 'Tupy'. The widesp ...
... BACKGROUND: Artificial selection results in phenotypic evolution. Maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) was domesticated from its wild progenitor teosinte (Zea mays subspecies parviglumis) through a single domestication event in southern Mexico between 6000 and 9000 years ago. This domestication event resulted in the original maize landrace varieties. The landraces provided the genetic material for modern ...
... Agronomic systems based on zero tillage and residue retention are becoming more important due to their potential for climate change adaptation through the reduction of soil erosion and improved water availability. Denser soil surface conditions and large amounts of crop residues, however, may be a constraint for early plant establishment, especially in irrigated production areas with high yield po ...
... Exotic germplasm is often used in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs. However, the occurrence of genotype X environment interactions (GEIs) may mask the potential utility of exotic material. Our objective was to understand better GEIS for temperate, temperate X highland, and highland tropical maize genotypes cultivated under temperate or highland tropical conditions. We related yield instabilit ...
Silvia UÑATE-FRAGA; Josué I. GARCÍA-LÓPEZ; Antonio FLORES-NAVEDA; Norma RUIZ-TORRES; Sonia RAMÍREZ-BARRÓN; Agustín HERNÁNDEZ-JUÁREZ; Alejandro LOZANO-DEL RÍO; Julio C. TAFOLLA-ARELLANO
... Sorghum is an economically important crop in developing countries. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance, and the chromatic, nutritional and nutraceutical properties of nineteen sorghum accessions cultivated in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Results showed that the grain yield (15.22 to 70.18 g per plant), days to flowering (73 to 92 days), panicle length (16.63 to 27.67 cm), l ...
... Development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) synthetics started at CIMMYT-Mexico in 2004, when winter durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) germplasm from Ukraine and Romania was crossed with Aegilops tauschii accessions from the Caspian Sea region. Chromosomes were doubled after pollination and embryo rescue, but chromosome number and cytological validation was not performed. F₂ populations were gro ...
... The races of maize (Zea mays L.) which are cultivated in the highlands of central Mexico at altitudes above 2000 m include Palomero Toluqueño, Cónico, Arrocillo Amarillo, Chalqueño, and Cacahuacintle. This complex of races is of ancient origin and has a distinct plant morphology, karyotype, and isozyme frequency compared to other types of maize except, possibly, some races from the highlands of Gu ...
heterosis; microsatellite repeats; hybrids; analysis of variance; genetic distance; general combining ability; agronomic traits; spring wheat; Triticum aestivum; grain yield; parentage; genetic markers; specific combining ability; Mexico
Abstract:
... Development of hybrids is considered to be a promising avenue to enhance the yield potential of crops. We investigated (i) the amount of heterosis observed in hybrid progeny, (ii) relative importance of general (GCA) versus specific (SCA) combining ability, and (iii) the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance measures in four agronomic traits of spring bread wheat. Eight male and 14 f ...
... Farmers in northwestern and central India have been exploring to sow their wheat much earlier (October) than normal (November) to sustain productivity by escaping terminal heat stress and to utilize the available soil moisture after the harvesting of rice crop. However, current popular varieties are poorly adapted to early sowing due to the exposure of juvenile plants to the warmer temperatures in ...
... Conservation of crop genetic resources is now considered an important component of sustainable agricultural development. If conservation of genetic resources for agriculture is to be successful, a more complete understanding of the dynamics affecting traditional (landrace) crop populations is needed. We conducted a study of maize-based agriculture in the Central Highlands of Mexico in communities ...
Víctor Pecina-Quintero; José Luis Anaya-López; Alfredo Zamarripa Colmenero; Noe Montes García; Carlos Alberto Núñez Colín; Jose Luis Solis Bonilla; María Rocío Aguilar-Rangel; Homar Rene Gill Langarica; Daniela Judith Méjia Bustamante
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas in Chiapas, México using AFLP markers. The AFLP technique allowed us to estimate the genetic relationships in the germplasm of J. curcas and to detect a high level of polymorphism. Analysis of the frequency and distribution of polymorphic fragments allowed us to detect the highest number of rare fragments in one single ...
... The genetic diversity in forty-nine Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul accessions from different regions of the Appellation of Origin Tequila, and eighteen Agave angustifolia Haw. var. Lineño accessions from the south of the state of Jalisco, were evaluated using morphological traits and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Thirteen morphological characters and three different random 10 ...
... Jatropha spp. from Mexico includes high species richness and endemism; five species inhabit in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve (TCBR), and they are important resources as food, medicine and biofuel. The assessment of morphological and agronomic characteristics is essential to identify, use and maintain plant genetic resources. Given the lack of information on the morphological variability ...
... Classification methods are used in genetic resource conservation and plant breeding. The two-stage Ward-Modified Location Model (Ward-MLM) clustering strategy defines initial groups by the Ward method and the MLM is then used to improve those groups. The three-way clustering strategy considers the same trait measured in different environments as different variables (environment–trait combination), ...
... This article first examines the political response to two crops that were nutritionally enhanced through conventional breeding-Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. In the next section, the political response to food crops-maize, potato, and papaya-which have improved agronomic traits through genetic engineering is described. Finally, we mention briefly the initial politic ...
... Grapefruit growers in the tropics require information about existing and new citrus cultivars with high productivity potential. The objective of this study was to determine the growth, yield, and fruit quality performance of seven pigmented and four white grapefruit cultivars under the dry tropic conditions of Colima, Mexico. The trees were budded on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock and ...
... Parthenium argentatum (guayule), originated from northern Mexico and southern Texas deserts, is a good candidate for arid and semi-arid sustainable agricultural systems to produce domestic natural rubber and other industrial byproducts. Exploring the genetic and phenotypic diversities of guayule germplasm collections is required for continuous genetic improvement of guayule characteristics to meet ...
... As a prelude to domestication efforts, variation of agronomic traits was determined among accessions of the polytypic, xerophytic cucurbit, coyote gourd [Cucurbita digitata subsp. digitata (DIG), palmata (PAL), cylindrata (CYL), and cordata (COR)] and among and within their progeny. Oil content in 60 accession seed lots (x = 27.8%, CV 21.4%) was more variable than protein content (x = 33.1%, CV = ...
Triticum aestivum; agronomic traits; ancestry; chromosome mapping; cultivars; flowering; genes; genetic variation; growth habit; hexaploidy; introgression; linkage disequilibrium; loci; plant genetic resources; population structure; quantitative trait loci; single nucleotide polymorphism; spring wheat; winter wheat; Mexico; United States
Abstract:
... Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are ideally suited for the construction of high-resolution genetic maps, studying population evolutionary history and performing genome-wide association mapping experiments. Here, we used a genome-wide set of 1536 SNPs to study linkage disequilibrium (LD) and population structure in a panel of 478 spring and winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestiv ...
... A diversity of crops is grown in Mexico. Of the plants that produce fruits and/or seeds for human consumption, 85% depend to some degree on pollinators for efficient production. Mexico also has a great diversity of native bees, some of which have been recognized as having potential for use as managed pollinators; defined as a semi-domesticated species, produced in large quantities, and bought and ...
Marta S. Lopes; Matthew P. Reynolds; C. Lynne McIntyre; Ky L. Mathews; M. R. Jalal Kamali; Moussa Mossad; Yousef Feltaous; Izzat S. A. Tahir; Ravish Chatrath; Francis Ogbonnaya; Michael Baum
agronomic traits; alleles; canopy; chromosome mapping; drought; early development; filling period; heading; heat; linkage groups; loci; prediction; quantitative trait loci; seeds; temperature; water stress; wheat; Mexico; Northern Africa; South Asia; West Asia
Abstract:
... Heat and drought adaptive quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a spring bread wheat population resulting from the Seri/Babax cross designed to minimize confounding agronomic traits have been identified previously in trials conducted in Mexico. The same population was grown across a wide range of environments where heat and drought stress are naturally experienced including environments in Mexico, West ...
... Reduced plant height is considered a desirable attribute in most maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs. This study was conducted to evaluate direct and correlated responses to selection for reduced plant height in tropical maize. Fifteen cycles of visual, full-sib recurrent selection for reduced plant height were conducted in one lowland tropical maize population, ‘Tuxpeño Crema I’. Cycles 0, 6, 9 ...
... There are few reports on the progress achieved through recurrent selection for quantitative resistance to diseases in tropical or subtropical maize (Zea mays L.) populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the progress achieved after four cycles of full-sib S₁ recurrent selection in eight subtropical populations from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Selec ...
A. J. Lozano-del Río; C. J. Lozano-Cavazos; L. Ibarra-Jiménez; E. de la Cruz-Lázaro; M. Colín-Rico; V. M. Zamora-Villa; M. Mergoum; W. H. Pfeiffer; K. Ammar
... ‘TCLF-AN-105’ (Reg. No.TCL-009–251104, México; Reg. no. CV-31, PI 658496) intermediate triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) was developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México, and reselected and released as a forage cultivar in Mexico by the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN). TCLF-AN-105 was selected from the progeny of the cross CT776.81//TESM0 ...
... The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) as an indirect selection tool to differentiate spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for grain yield under irrigated conditions. This paper demonstrates only the first step in using the SRI as indirect selection criteria by reporting genetic variation for SRI among genotypes, the effect of ...
... Highland tropical germplasm of maize (Zea mays L.) is tolerant of low temperatures but agronomically unattractive in temperate regions. To produce populations which could ultimately be ergonomically acceptable and have tolerance to low temperatures, the synthetic NZS1 was developed from ‘Criollo de Toluca’ ✕ AS3² and the synthetic NZS2 from ‘San Gerónimo’ ✕ BS22². Criollo de Toluca is from the hig ...
germplasm; Zea mays; classification; principal component analysis; agronomic traits; crop yield; genetic techniques and protocols; genetic variation; plant morphology; Mexico
Abstract:
... This study provides examples of the application of three-mode methods to agronomic and morphological data from multiattribute and multilocational trials of accessions from two Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) races, Cónico and Tuxpeño. Initially, Cónico accessions from the state of México were classified into five subgroups, whereas Tuxpeño accessions were classified into three subgroups based on the e ...
... Cluster analysis is commonly used when gene bank accessions are evaluated in different environments and several continuous and categorical attributes are measured. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a two-stage classification strategy for three-way data (accession × attribute × environment) using the Modified Location Model (MLM) with categorical and continuous variables and (ii) ass ...
... All cactus pear commercial cultivars are vulnerable to "Cladode Swelling" (CS) a disease associated to phytoplasmas. CS affects the productivity of the plant and the quality of the fruit. The lack of a nursery stage on cutting production is promoting its rapid spread in Mexico. The present study was conducted under the assumptions that infection trough seed is not feasible and apomictic plants pre ...
agronomic traits; air temperature; breeding methods; drought; environmental models; genotype; genotype-environment interaction; genotyping; germplasm; heritability; prediction; spring wheat; Mexico; Northern Africa; South Asia; Sudan
Abstract:
... Genetic progress in yield will increase if more traits conferring better agronomic and physiological performance are brought together in the same variety through full exploitation of genotyping and phenotyping techniques in breeding. A set of 288 spring wheat advanced lines was tested in different countries in North Africa, Western and South Asia, as well as in Mexico (total of 12 environments) to ...
... ‘Butta 12’ (Reg. no. CV‐371, PI 692639) is the first malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the University of California to complete plant‐scale malting evaluation and to be brewed successfully by scores of craft brewers. In cooperation with Admiral Maltings, Alameda, CA, Butta 12 has been malted and marketed primarily under the names Gallagher's Best, Feldblume, and Admiral Pils for all‐ ...