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1. Incidence and intensity of Cyathocephalus truncatus and Schistocephalus solidus infection in Gasterosteus aculeatus

Author:
Reimchen, T.E.
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 1982 v.60 no.5 pp. 1091-1095
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Amphipoda; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Salmonidae; Schistocephalus; adults; cecum; feeding behavior; fish; intermediate hosts; islands; plerocercoids; sphincters; British Columbia
Abstract:
... Cyathocephalus truncatus, a cestode usually found in salmonids, and plerocercoids of Schistocephalus solidus are reported from a population of Gasterosteus aculeatus on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Adult C. truncatus attached at the anterior of the intestine adjacent to the pyloric sphincter, whereas in salmonids the pyloric caeca is the usual attachment site. Mean intensities of ...
DOI:
10.1139/z82-150

2. Virulence of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and reproduction in infected threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Author:
David C Heins; Scarlet S Singer; John A Baker
Source:
Canadian journal of zoology 2000 v.77 no.12 pp. 1967-1974
ISSN:
0008-4301
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; eggs; females; fish; hatching; host-parasite relationships; lakes; parasites; parasitism; plerocercoids; spawning; virulence; Alaska
Abstract:
... We investigated the relationship between reproduction in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and parasitism by plerocercoids of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus in Walby Lake, Alaska, by quantifying stickleback reproduction and parasite infection using 1655 fish from four samples collected in 1990-1996. Stickleback in Walby Lake largely spawned during May and June as 2-year-olds ...
DOI:
10.1139/z99-180

3. Ecological causes of sex-biased parasitism in threespine stickleback

Author:
REIMCHEN, T.E.; NOSIL, P.
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2001 v.73 no.1 pp. 51-63
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Nematoda; Schistocephalus; Trematoda; diet; females; gender differences; habitats; males; nests; parasites; parasitism; prediction; reproduction; sexual selection; stomach
Abstract:
... Males and females can differ in levels of parasitism and such differences may be mediated by the costs of sexual selection or by ecological differences between the genders. In threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, males exhibit paternal care and territorial nest defence and the costs of reproduction may be particularly high for males relative to females. We monitored levels of parasitism ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01346.x

4. Size‐dependent sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite parasite

Author:
L. Schärer; L. M. Karlsson; M. Christen; C. Wedekind
Source:
Journal of evolutionary biology 2001 v.14 no.1 pp. 55-67
ISSN:
1010-061X
Subject:
Schistocephalus; adults; allometry; animals; females; hermaphroditism; males; models; sex allocation; tapeworms; testes; tissues
Abstract:
... Most models of sex allocation distinguish between sequential and simultaneous hermaphrodites, although an intermediate sexual pattern, size‐dependent sex allocation, is widespread in plants. Here we investigated sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite animal, the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus, in which adult size is highly variable. Sex allocation was determined using stereological techn ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00263.x

5. The phylogeny of diphyllobothriid tapeworms (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) based on ITS-2 rDNA sequences

Author:
Flora J. Logan; A. Horák; J. Štefka; A. Aydogdu; T. Scholz
Source:
Parasitology research 2004 v.94 no.1 pp. 10-15
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Diphyllobothrium; Ligula intestinalis; Schistocephalus; genes; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; paraphyly; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; tapeworms; taxonomic revisions
Abstract:
... Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the ITS-2 rRNA genes of 20 samples of pseudophyllidean cestodes of the family Diphyllobothriidae (Ligula, Digramma, Diphyllobothrium, and Schistocephalus) from different hosts and geographical regions revealed that: (1) the inclusion of ligulids (previously family Ligulidae) to the Diphyllobothriidae is correct; (2) Schistocephalus appears as the most basal ta ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-004-1164-y

6. Parasite burdens differ between sympatric three-spined stickleback species

Author:
MacColl, Andrew D.C.
Source:
Ecography 2009 v.32 no.1 pp. 153-160
ISSN:
0906-7590
Subject:
interspecific variation; parasites; Gasterosteus aculeatus; life history; autumn; Schistocephalus; adaptive radiation; lakes; geographical variation; microhabitats; reproductive isolation; spring; Diplostomum; larvae; molluscs; British Columbia
Abstract:
... The ecological theory of adaptive radiation states that differences in ecological circumstances among local populations are the cause of divergence that leads to speciation. The role of parasites in contributing to divergence has seldom been considered, despite their ubiquity and known selective effects. The potential for parasites to contribute to divergence between closely related taxa was exami ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05486.x

7. Developmental inflexibility of larval tapeworms in response to resource variation

Author:
Benesh, Daniel P.
Source:
International journal for parasitology 2010 v.40 no.4 pp. 487-497
ISSN:
0020-7519
Subject:
Copepoda; Schistocephalus; body size; genetic correlation; habitats; hosts; larvae; larval development; life history; ontogeny; starvation; tapeworms
Abstract:
... The timing of habitat switching in organisms with complex life cycles is an important life history characteristic that is often influenced by the larval growth environment. Under starvation, longer developmental times are frequently observed, probably as a consequence of developmental thresholds, but prolonged ontogeny sometimes also occurs under good conditions, as organisms may take advantage of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.10.001

8. What are the evolutionary constraints on larval growth in a trophically transmitted parasite

Author:
Benesh, Daniel P.
Source:
Oecologia 2010 v.162 no.3 pp. 599-608
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Copepoda; Schistocephalus; death; habitats; intermediate hosts; larvae; larval development; life cycle (organisms); pathogenicity; tapeworms
Abstract:
... For organisms with a complex life cycle, a large larval size is generally beneficial, but it may come at the expense of prolonged development. Individuals that grow fast may avoid this tradeoff and switch habitats at both a larger size and younger age. A fast growth rate itself can be costly, however, as it requires greater resource intake. For parasites, fast larval growth is assumed to increase ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-009-1507-6
PubMed:
19921268
PubMed Central:
PMC2821511

9. Diel vertical movements, and effects of infection by the cestode Schistocephalus solidus on daytime proximity of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus to the surface of a large Alaskan lake

Author:
T. P. Quinn; N. W. Kendall; H. B. Rich Jr; B. E. Chasco
Source:
Oecologia 2012 v.168 no.1 pp. 43-51
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; birds; cestode infections; fish; lakes; models; parasites; parasitism; predation; predators; Alaska
Abstract:
... We conducted a field study in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, to test the hypothesis that proximity of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus to the lake’s surface during the daytime varies with macroparasitic cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus infection in a manner consistent with enhanced vulnerability to avian predators. Extensive sampling in the lake and likelihood-based modeling reveale ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-011-2071-4
PubMed:
21748321

10. Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at Four Sites in Saskatchewan, Canada

Author:
Wagner Brent A.; Hoberg Eric P.; Somers Christopher M.; Soos Catherine; Fenton Heather; Jenkins Emily J.
Source:
Comparative parasitology 2012 v.79 no.2 pp. 275-282
ISSN:
1525-2647
Subject:
Acanthocephala; Contracaecum; Diphyllobothrium; Phalacrocorax auritus; Schistocephalus; adults; amphibians; birds; boreal forests; breeding; diet; ecotones; fauna; fish; helminths; hemorrhage; lakes; new geographic records; new host records; piscivores; plerocercoids; stomach; summer; wildlife; Saskatchewan
Abstract:
... We examined the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of adult double-crested cormorants from breeding colonies on 4 very different lakes spanning a major ecotone from prairie to boreal forest in Saskatchewan, Canada. Our objectives were to document regional parasite fauna and identify potential differences based on breeding colony location. Eight species of helminths were identified from the stomach an ...
DOI:
10.1654/4544.1

11. Growth and ontogeny of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first host affects performance in its stickleback second intermediate host

Author:
Daniel P Benesh; Nina Hafer
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2012 v.5 no.1 pp. 90
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Copepoda; Gasterosteidae; Schistocephalus; correlation; energy; fish; hosts; larvae; larval development; ontogeny; phenotype; probability; tapeworms
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: For parasites with complex life cycles, size at transmission can impact performance in the next host, thereby coupling parasite phenotypes in the two consecutive hosts. However, a handful of studies with parasites, and numerous studies with free-living, complex-life-cycle animals, have found that larval size correlates poorly with fitness under particular conditions, implying that othe ...
DOI:
10.1186/1756-3305-5-90
PubMed:
22564512
PubMed Central:
PMC3403952

12. In vitro transition of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) from coracidium to procercoid and from procercoid to plerocercoid

Author:
P.J. Jakobsen; J.P. Scharsack; K. Hammerschmidt; P. Deines; M. Kalbe; M. Milinski
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2012 v.130 no.3 pp. 267-273
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Copepoda; Schistocephalus; culture media; eggs; environmental factors; hatching; intestines; lectins; pH; parasitology; plerocercoids; tapeworms
Abstract:
... With the present study, a culture system for successive life-cycle stages of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus was developed and this report documents for the first time, cultivation of the procercoid stage of S. solidus from eggs. Additionally we have transformed procercoids dissected from experimentally infected copepods and cultured procercoids into the early plerocercoid stage in vitro. Obs ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2011.09.009

13. Occurrence of Schistocephalus solidus in Anadromous Threespine Stickleback

Author:
Confer A; Vu V; Drevecky C. J.; Aguirre W. E.
Source:
Journal of parasitology 2012 v.98 no.3 pp. 676-678
ISSN:
0022-3395
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; females; juveniles; lakes; males; plerocercoids; Alaska
Abstract:
... Plerocercoids of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus are reported for the first time from the body cavity of anadromous threespine stickleback inhabiting Mud Lake, Alaska. Most infected stickleback harbored a single large plerocerciod (mean weight = 0.447 g, range = 0.228–0.716 g). The overall prevalence of plerocercoids across genders and 2 yr of samples was 1.4%, but prevalence was significantly ...
DOI:
10.1645/GE-2968.1

14. Schistocephalus solidus infections increase gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH3) mRNA levels in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Author:
Yi Ta Shao; Yung Che Tseng; Susanne Trombley; Pung Pung Hwang; Monika Schmitz; Bertil Borg
Source:
Parasitology international 2012 v.61 no.3 pp. 470-474
ISSN:
1383-5769
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; brain; breeding; females; fish; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; gonadotropins; gonads; hosts; males; messenger RNA; parasites; parasitology
Abstract:
... Parasites often impair the reproduction of their hosts, one well known case being the cestode Schistocephalus solidus which is a common parasite in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. One of the possible ways that this could be exerted is by suppression on the brain–pituitary–gonadal (BPG) axis. In this study, mRNA levels of FSH-β and LH-β and of GnRH2 (cGnRH II) and GnRH3 (sGnRH) w ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2012.03.006

15. The relationship between larval size and fitness in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus: bigger is better?

Author:
Daniel P. Benesh; Friederike Weinreich; Martin Kalbe
Source:
Oikos 2012 v.121 no.9 pp. 1391-1399
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
Copepoda; Schistocephalus; animal growth; body size; intermediate hosts; larvae; larval development; life cycle (organisms); tapeworms
Abstract:
... In organisms with complex life cycles, fitness often increases with body size at the transition from larva to adult. The translation of larval size into fitness, however, can depend on the source of size variation, with size, per se, not always increasing adult success. In parasitic worms, many factors influence larval growth, but little is known about the consequences of this growth variation. We ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19925.x

16. Bullhead (Cottus gobio L.) invasion in the Utsjoki River (Northern Finland): Parasitological aspects

Author:
E. P. Ieshko; B. S. Shul’man; D. I. Lebedeva; Yu. Yu. Barskaya; E. Niemela
Source:
Russian journal of biological invasions 2013 v.4 no.1 pp. 17-23
ISSN:
2075-1117
Subject:
Apatemon; Cottus gobio; Diplostomum; Salmo salar; Schistocephalus; animal communities; helminths; larvae; metacercariae; parr; plerocercoids; rivers; species diversity; Finland
Abstract:
... The bullhead (Cottus gobio L.) was for the first time recorded in the Utsjoki River (70° N, 27° E), a large tributary of the Teno River (Northern Finland), in 1979 and in subsequent years spread widely within this lake-river system. The studies of 1993 and 2007 allowed the general trends of changes in the bullhead mass parasitic species composition and incidence over the examined time period to be ...
DOI:
10.1134/S2075111713010049

17. Excretory products of the cestode, Schistocephalus solidus, modulate in vitro responses of leukocytes from its specific host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Author:
Jörn Peter Scharsack; Anabel Gossens; Frederik Franke; Joachim Kurtz
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2013 v.35 no.6 pp. 1779-1787
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; cell culture; cell death; cell viability; correlation; culture media; excretory-secretory products; flow cytometry; granulocytes; helminths; hosts; kidneys; luminescence; lymphocytes; Germany; Norway; Spain
Abstract:
... Helminth parasites have evolved remarkable strategies to manipulate the immune system of their hosts. During infections of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus prominent immunological changes occur, presumably due to manipulative activity of the parasite. We hypothesise that excretory/secretory products of the parasite are involved in the manip ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.029

18. Hybridization between two cestode species and its consequences for intermediate host range

Author:
Tina Henrich; Daniel P Benesh; Martin Kalbe
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2013 v.6 no.1 pp. 33
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Copepoda; Gasterosteidae; Schistocephalus; fish; hatching; host range; host specificity; hybridization; hybrids; intermediate hosts; microsatellite repeats; progeny; tapeworms
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Many parasites show an extraordinary degree of host specificity, even though a narrow range of host species reduces the likelihood of successful transmission. In this study, we evaluate the genetic basis of host specificity and transmission success of experimental F₁ hybrids from two closely related tapeworm species (Schistocephalus solidus and S. pungitii), both highly specific to the ...
DOI:
10.1186/1756-3305-6-33
PubMed:
23390985
PubMed Central:
PMC3584927

19. Suppression of predation on the intermediate host by two trophically-transmitted parasites when uninfective

Author:
F. WEINREICH; D. P. BENESH; M. MILINSKI
Source:
Parasitology 2013 v.140 no.1 pp. 129-135
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Camallanus; Copepoda; Schistocephalus; convergent evolution; intermediate hosts; larvae; pathogenicity; predation; predators; probability; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Trophically-transmitted parasites generally need to undergo a period of development in the intermediate host before reaching infectivity. During this vulnerable period, manipulation of the host to reduce susceptibility to predation would be advantageous for parasites, because it increases the probability of surviving until infectivity and thus the probability of transmission. We tested this ‘preda ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182012001266
PubMed:
22906915

20. The protection afforded by the outer layer to procercoids of Schistocephalus solidus during passage through the stomach lumen of their vertebrate host (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Author:
J. Marwaha; K.H. Jensen; P.J. Jakobsen
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2013 v.134 no.1 pp. 12-17
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; bile; fish; hydrochloric acid; intermediate hosts; larvae; parasitology; stomach
Abstract:
... Intestinal cestodes with complex life cycles have to pass through the acid stomach lumen of their vertebrate host(s) in order to reach their preferred site of development. The cestode’s tegument is the only organ in constant contact with this hostile environment. Procercoids of Schistocephalus solidus (order Diphyllobothriidea) lose their outer layer on passing through the acidic stomach of their ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2013.01.019

21. Consistency of host responses to parasitic infection in the three‐spined stickleback fish infected by the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus

Author:
David C. Heins; Kelly A. Barry; Laura A. Petrauskas
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2014 v.113 no.4 pp. 958-968
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Gasterosteidae; Schistocephalus; adverse effects; clutch size; eggs; environmental factors; fecundity; females; fish; lakes; ova; parasites; parasitism; spawning; Alaska
Abstract:
... Among populations of the three‐spined stickleback fish in Alaska, females appear to show two forms of sterility tolerance to infection by the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus. In contrast to sticklebacks in other regions of the northern hemisphere, female fish are capable of producing clutches of eggs despite supporting large parasite burdens. Nonetheless, nutrient loss to the p ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12392

22. Copulation order, density cues and variance in fertilization success in a cestode

Author:
D. ANDREOU; D. P. BENESH
Source:
Parasitology 2014 v.141 no.7 pp. 934-939
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Schistocephalus; copulation; eggs; environmental factors; females; fish; hermaphroditism; intermediate hosts; males; paternity; reproductive success; sperm competition; variance
Abstract:
... Simultaneous hermaphrodites maximize their fitness by optimizing their investment into male or female functions. Allocation of resources to male function (tissues, traits, and/or behaviours increasing paternity) is predicted to increase as density, and the associated level of sperm competition, increases. We tested whether the simultaneous hermaphroditic cestode Schistocephalus solidus uses cues o ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182014000043
PubMed:
24560286

23. Fecundity compensation and fecundity reduction among populations of the three-spined stickleback infected by Schistocephalus solidus in Alaska

Author:
DAVID C. HEINS; JOHN A. BAKER
Source:
Parasitology 2014 v.141 no.8 pp. 1088-1096
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; adverse effects; clutch size; egg masses; fecundity; females; ova; parasites; parasitism; Alaska
Abstract:
... We surveyed nine populations of the three-spined stickleback infected by the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus from south-central Alaska for two apparent forms of tolerance to infection in females capable of producing egg clutches notwithstanding large parasite burdens. Seven populations exhibited fecundity reduction, whereas two populations showed fecundity compensation. Our dat ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182014000535
PubMed:
24773729

24. In vitro effects of prostaglandin E2 on leucocytes from sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected and not infected with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus

Author:
Ivan A. Kutyrev; Frederik Franke; Janine Büscher; Joachim Kurtz; Jörn P. Scharsack
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.41 no.2 pp. 473-481
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; anthelmintics; cell viability; chemiluminescence; fish; flow cytometry; granulocytes; host-parasite relationships; hosts; immune response; immunomodulation; immunomodulators; in vitro culture; kidneys; lipopolysaccharides; lymphocytes; mammals; prostaglandins; reactive oxygen species; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Many helminth parasites have evolved strategies to evade the immune response of their hosts, which includes immunomodulation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the best-described immunomodulators in mammalian helminth parasite infections. We hypothesized that also in teleost fish anti-helminthic immune responses are regulated via PGE2. We used a model system consisting of the tapeworm Schistocepha ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.031

25. In vitro leukocyte response of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to helminth parasite antigens

Author:
Frederik Franke; Anna K. Rahn; Janine Dittmar; Noémie Erin; Jennifer K. Rieger; David Haase; Irene E. Samonte-Padilla; Joseph Lange; Per J. Jakobsen; Miguel Hermida; Carlos Fernández; Joachim Kurtz; Theo C.M. Bakker; Thorsten B.H. Reusch; Martin Kalbe; Jörn P. Scharsack
Source:
Fish & shellfish immunology 2014 v.36 no.1 pp. 130-140
ISSN:
1050-4648
Subject:
Cyprinidae; Diplostomum; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Ligula intestinalis; Schistocephalus; Triaenophorus; birds; chemiluminescence; experimental design; fish; flow cytometry; gene flow; helminth antigens; helminths; host range; immune response; intermediate hosts; kidneys; leukocytes; sympatry
Abstract:
... Helminth parasites of teleost fish have evolved strategies to evade and manipulate the immune responses of their hosts. Responsiveness of fish host immunity to helminth antigens may therefore vary depending on the degree of host-parasite counter-adaptation. Generalist parasites, infective for a number of host species, might be unable to adapt optimally to the immune system of a certain host specie ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.019

26. Making the in vitro breeding of Schistocephalus solidus more flexible

Author:
Friederike Weinreich; Martin Kalbe; Daniel P. Benesh
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2014 v.139 pp. 1-5
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Schistocephalus; adults; cutting; eggs; hatching; outcrossing; parents; plerocercoids; progeny; reproductive performance; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Schistocephalus solidus is one of the few cestodes that can be bred in vitro. Worms have typically been bred in pairs, so the parents of each offspring can clearly be assigned. From a genetic perspective, it would be useful to be able to mate an individual worm to multiple partners while still being able to distinguish among different parents. As each adult S. solidus possesses numerous reproducti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2014.02.002

27. Human-induced eutrophication maintains high parasite prevalence in breeding threespine stickleback populations

Author:
ALEXANDRE BUDRIA; ULRIKA CANDOLIN
Source:
Parasitology 2015 v.142 no.5 pp. 719-727
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; anthropogenic activities; birds; breeding; breeding season; coasts; eutrophication; fish; food availability; habitats; piscivores; predation; tapeworms; viability; Finland
Abstract:
... Anthropogenic activities are having profound impacts on species interactions, with further consequences for populations and communities. We investigated the influence that anthropogenic eutrophication has on the prevalence of the parasitic tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus populations. We caught stickleback from four areas along the coast of Finland, ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182014001814
PubMed:
25498372

28. Identification of candidate mimicry proteins involved in parasite-driven phenotypic changes

Author:
Francois Olivier Hebert; Luke Phelps; Irene Samonte; Mahesh Panchal; Stephan Grambauer; Iain Barber; Martin Kalbe; Christian R Landry; Nadia Aubin-Horth
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2015 v.8 no.1 pp. 225
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; developmental stages; genes; ion transport; membrane proteins; molecular mimicry; niches; peptides; phenotype; proteome; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence homology; tapeworms
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Endoparasites with complex life cycles are faced with several biological challenges, as they need to occupy various ecological niches throughout their development. Host phenotypes that increase the parasite’s transmission rate to the next host have been extensively described, but few mechanistic explanations have been proposed to describe their proximate causes. In this study we explor ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-0834-1
PubMed:
25888917
PubMed Central:
PMC4407394

29. Parasite communities of two three-spined stickleback populations in subarctic Norway—effects of a small spatial-scale host introduction

Author:
Jesper A. Kuhn; Roar Kristoffersen; Rune Knudsen; Jonas Jakobsen; David J. Marcogliese; Sean A. Locke; Raul Primicerio; Per-Arne Amundsen
Source:
Parasitology research 2015 v.114 no.4 pp. 1327-1339
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Apatemon; Crepidostomum; DNA barcoding; Diphyllobothrium; Diplostomum; Eubothrium; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Gyrodactylus; Nematoda; Proteocephalus; Salmonidae; Schistocephalus; aquatic habitat; cytochrome-c oxidase; host specificity; intermediate hosts; lakes; metacercariae; parasites; Norway
Abstract:
... Co-introduction and colonization of parasites with the introduction of new host species into aquatic habitats may depend on the host specificity and dispersal capabilities of the parasites. We compared the metazoan parasite community of an introduced three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) population with that of the nearby source population in subarctic Norway. As expected from a small ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-015-4309-2

30. Vitellogenesis of diphyllobothriidean cestodes (Platyhelminthes)

Author:
Aneta Yoneva; Tomáš Scholz; Magdaléna Bruňanská; Roman Kuchta
Source:
Comptes rendus 2015 v.338 no.3 pp. 169-179
ISSN:
1631-0691
Subject:
Schistocephalus; Varanus; Xenopus; birds; developmental stages; droplets; endoplasmic reticulum; frogs; glycogen; keratinosomes; lipids; mitochondria; tapeworms; transmission electron microscopy; vitellogenesis
Abstract:
... The recently erected cestode order Diphyllobothriidea is unique among all tapeworm orders in that its species infect all major groups of tetrapods, including man. In the present paper, the vitellogenesis of representatives of all three currently recognized families of this order was evaluated, based on ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) and cytochemical (detection of glycogen) obse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.crvi.2015.01.001

31. The Effect of Salinity on Egg Development and Viability of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea)

Author:
Simmonds Natalie E.; Barber Iain
Source:
Journal of parasitology 2016 v.102 no.1 pp. 42-46
ISSN:
0022-3395
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; coasts; eggs; freshwater; hatching; in vitro culture; plerocercoids; salinity; salt tolerance; viability
Abstract:
... Schistocephalus solidus plerocercoids commonly infect three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus populations in brackish and freshwaters, but infections are typically absent from marine populations. Here we provide an experimental test of the salinity tolerance of S. solidus eggs, to determine the role of salinity in limiting the distribution of infection in coastal zones. We find that S. sol ...
DOI:
10.1645/14-701

32. Experimental parasite community ecology: intraspecific variation in a large tapeworm affects community assembly

Author:
Daniel P. Benesh; Martin Kalbe
Source:
journal of animal ecology 2016 v.85 no.4 pp. 1004-1013
ISSN:
0021-8790
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; Trematoda; cages; community structure; cross immunity; energy; field experimentation; fish; foraging; immune response; interspecific competition; intraspecific variation; lakes; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Non‐random species associations occur in naturally sampled parasite communities. The processes resulting in predictable community structure (e.g. particular host behaviours, cross‐immunity, interspecific competition) could be affected by traits that vary within a parasite species, like growth or antigenicity. We experimentally infected three‐spined sticklebacks with a large tapeworm (Schistocephal ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2656.12527

33. Geographic and host‐mediated population genetic structure in a cestode parasite of the three‐spined stickleback

Author:
Hannah M. Strobel; Fernando Alda; C. Grace Sprehn; Michael J. Blum; David C. Heins
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 2016 v.119 no.2 pp. 381-396
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; cluster analysis; cytochrome b; gene flow; genes; genetic variation; geography; haplotypes; host range; host-parasite relationships; hosts; microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; parasites; population structure
Abstract:
... Comparative studies of genetic diversity and population structure can shed light on the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence host–parasite interactions. Here we examined whether geography, time and genetic variation in Alaskan three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linneaus) hosts shape the population genetic structure of the diphyllobothridean cestode parasite Schistocepha ...
DOI:
10.1111/bij.12826

34. Oestrogenic pollutants promote the growth of a parasite in male sticklebacks

Author:
Vicki Macnab; Ioanna Katsiadaki; Ceinwen A. Tilley; Iain Barber
Source:
Aquatic toxicology 2016 v.174 pp. 92-100
ISSN:
0166-445X
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; aquatic environment; bioactive properties; biomarkers; body condition; correlation; data collection; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; environmental impact; females; fish; host-parasite relationships; hosts; males; parasites; phenotype; pollutants; vitellogenin
Abstract:
... Aquatic environments are especially susceptible to anthropogenic chemical pollution. Yet although knowledge on the biological effects of pollutants on aquatic organisms is increasing, far less is known about how ecologically-important interspecific interactions are affected by chemicals. In particular, the consequences of anthropogenic pollution for the interaction of hosts and parasites are poorl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.010
PubMed:
26922400
PubMed Central:
PMC4827130

35. Reciprocal cross infection of sticklebacks with the diphyllobothriidean cestode Schistocephalus solidus reveals consistent population differences in parasite growth and host resistance

Author:
Martin Kalbe; Christophe Eizaguirre; Jörn P. Scharsack; Per J. Jakobsen
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 130
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Gasterosteidae; Schistocephalus; antagonists; coevolution; cross infection; hosts; hybrids; nitric oxide; phenotype; population size; reciprocal crosses; sympatry; tapeworms; virulence
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: In host-parasite evolutionary arms races, parasites are generally expected to adapt more rapidly, due to their large population sizes and short generation times. There exist systems, though, where parasites cannot outpace their hosts because of similar generation times in both antagonists. In those cases concomitant adaptation is expected. METHODS: We tested this hypothesis in the thre ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1419-3
PubMed:
26951744
PubMed Central:
PMC4782366

36. Solo Schistocephalus solidus tapeworms are nasty

Author:
JARLE TRYTI NORDEIDE; FELIPE MATOS
Source:
Parasitology 2016 v.143 no.10 pp. 1301-1309
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; body condition; energy; intermediate hosts; latitude; tapeworms; virulence
Abstract:
... Trophically transmitted parasites must trade-off own growth on one hand and energy drain from the intermediate host on the other hand, since killing the host before transmission to the next host is a dead end for both parasites and hosts. This challenge becomes especially intriguing when multiple parasites find themselves within the same individual host. The tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus may ga ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182016000676
PubMed:
27221770

37. Timing of Infections in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) by Schistocephalus solidus in Alaska

Author:
Heins D. C.; Eidam D. M.; Baker J. A.
Source:
Journal of parasitology 2016 v.102 no.2 pp. 286-289
ISSN:
0022-3395
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; autumn; fish; hatching; hosts; ice; lakes; parasites; summer; winter; Alaska
Abstract:
... This study provides direct evidence for the timing of infections by Schistocephalus solidus in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) of south-central Alaska. Young-of-the-year fish in Cheney Lake were infected during their first summer within a few months after hatching in May–June. Infections appear to continue under ice cover on the lake during the subsequent fall and winter. Few, ...
DOI:
10.1645/14-675

38. Cannibalism facilitates gigantism in a nine‐spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) population

Author:
Juha Merilä; Antti P. Eloranta
Source:
Ecology of freshwater fish 2017 v.26 no.4 pp. 686-694
ISSN:
0906-6691
Subject:
Pungitius pungitius; Schistocephalus; aquatic communities; cannibalism; castration; diet; eggs; fish; fish communities; invertebrates; nitrogen; ontogeny; parasites; parasitoses; predation; reproduction; stable isotopes; starvation; stomach
Abstract:
... Cannibalism is a taxonomically widespread phenomenon that can fundamentally affect the structure and stability of aquatic communities, including the emergence of a bimodal size distribution (“dwarfs” and “giants”) in fish populations. Emergence of giants could also be driven or facilitated by parasites that divert host resources from reproduction to growth. We studied the trophic ecology of giant ...
DOI:
10.1111/eff.12316

39. Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association

Author:
Frederik Franke; Sophie A. O. Armitage; Megan A. M. Kutzer; Joachim Kurtz; Jörn P. Scharsack
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2017 v.10 no.1 pp. 252
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; allopatry; ambient temperature; host-parasite relationships; hosts; immune response; lakes; sympatry; tapeworms
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasites. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus (Mül ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7
PubMed:
28571568
PubMed Central:
PMC5455083

40. Intestinal helminths of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus 1758) from an inter-route site in Turkey

Author:
Ahmet Onur Girisgin; Sezen Birlik; Bayram Senlik; Hikmet Sami Yildirimhan
Source:
Acta veterinaria Hungarica 2017 v.65 no.2 pp. 221-233
ISSN:
1588-2705
Subject:
Ciconia ciconia; Echinoparyphium; Schistocephalus; birds; gastrointestinal system; helminths; necropsy; swamps; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... In Turkey, a study was conducted during the years 2009–2015 to detect the gastrointestinal helminth species of 18 white storks (Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Ciconiiformes) sampled from aquatic or swamp areas of Bursa Province, one of the inter-route sites where storks intensely stay. The results of postmortem examination revealed that 17 (94.44%) white storks harboured one or more helmint ...
DOI:
10.1556/004.2017.022

41. Major host transitions are modulated through transcriptome‐wide reprogramming events in Schistocephalus solidus, a threespine stickleback parasite

Author:
François Olivier Hébert; Stephan Grambauer; Iain Barber; Christian R. Landry; Nadia Aubin‐Horth
Source:
Molecular ecology 2017 v.26 no.4 pp. 1118-1130
ISSN:
0962-1083
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; birds; developmental stages; fish; gene expression regulation; genes; intermediate hosts; neural pathways; niches; parasites; pathogenicity; phenotype; sensation; sexual maturity; transcription (genetics); transcriptomics
Abstract:
... Parasites with complex life cycles have developed numerous phenotypic strategies, closely associated with developmental events, to enable the exploitation of different ecological niches and facilitate transmission between hosts. How these environmental shifts are regulated from a metabolic and physiological standpoint, however, still remain to be fully elucidated. We examined the transcriptomic re ...
DOI:
10.1111/mec.13970

42. New earthworms from Madagascar with key to the Kynotus species (Oligochaeta: Kynotidae)

Author:
Malalatiana Razafindrakoto; Csaba Csuzdi; Samuel James; Eric Blanchart
Source:
Zoologischer Anzeiger 2017 v.268 pp. 126-135
ISSN:
0044-5231
Subject:
DNA barcoding; Oligochaeta; Schistocephalus; biodiversity; earthworms; new species; taxonomic keys; Madagascar
Abstract:
... Investigation of earthworms collected in Madagascar resulted in the discovery of two new species belonging to the endemic family Kynotidae: Kynotus sihanakus and Kynotus sakafotsy spp. nov. In addition to the description of both new species, Kynotus voeltzkowi Michaelsen, 1897 and Kynotus schistocephalus Michaelsen, 1897 were recorded for the first time after the original description. DNA barcodin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jcz.2016.08.001

43. Specific manipulation or systemic impairment? Behavioural changes of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infected with the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus

Author:
Manuel Talarico; Franziska Seifert; Josef Lange; Norbert Sachser; Joachim Kurtz; Jörn P. Scharsack
Source:
Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 2017 v.71 no.2 pp. 36
ISSN:
0340-5443
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; adverse effects; behavior change; birds; body condition; escape behavior; fish; foraging; hosts; predation; predator avoidance; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites to enhance transmission to the next host is a fascinating yet controversial phenomenon. This is because it is often hard to discriminate specific manipulation from unspecific side effects of the infection, i.e. a systemic impairment that could be due to a weakened general body condition. When infected with the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus, sticklebac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00265-017-2265-9

44. Using the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA to reveal the phylogenetic position of the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra tapeworms

Author:
Xi Zhang; Jiang Yang Duan; Zhong Quan Wang; Peng Jiang; Ruo Dan Liu; Jing Cui
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2017 pp. -
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Diphyllobothrium; Ligula; Schistocephalus; Spirometra; frogs; genes; genetic markers; larvae; models; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; sequence diversity; tapeworms; topology; China
Abstract:
... Although medically important, the systematics of Spirometra and the taxonomic position of S. erinaceieuropaei remain unclear. In this study, the 18S rDNA gene of S. erinaceieuropaei sparganum from naturally infected frogs caught in 14 geographical locations of China was sequenced. In addition, all available 18S sequences of the family Diphyllobothriidae in the Genbank database were included to rec ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2017.01.006

45. Virulence in the three-spined stickleback specific parasite Schistocephalus solidus is inherited additively

Author:
Marc Ritter; Martin Kalbe; Tina Henrich
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2017 pp. -
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; fish; host-parasite relationships; hybrids; inheritance (genetics); progeny; reproductive success; tapeworms; virulence
Abstract:
... Parasite virulence is a key trait in host-parasite interactions and plays a crucial role in infection dynamics. Our study system offers the rare opportunity to study the virulence of an individual macroparasite (Schistocephalus solidus) in its vertebrate fish host (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The size of the tapeworm in the fish can be regarded as a good proxy for individual parasite virulence, as pa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2017.02.016

46. The cestode parasite Schistocephalus pungitii: castrator or nutrient thief of ninespine stickleback fish?

Author:
DAVID C. HEINS
Source:
Parasitology 2017 v.144 no.6 pp. 834-840
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Pungitius pungitius; Schistocephalus; adults; clutch size; egg masses; eggs; females; fish; host-parasite relationships; lakes; parasites; reproductive performance; Alaska
Abstract:
... In this investigation, the host–parasite relationship of ninespine stickleback fish Pungitius pungitius and the cestode parasite Schistocephalus pungitii was studied using samples from Dog Bone Lake, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, to test the hypothesis that S. pungitii is a castrator of ninespine stickleback. Infected, adult females of all sizes (ages) were capable of producing clutches of eggs. S. pun ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182016002596
PubMed:
28073385

47. An experimental approach to the immuno-modulatory basis of host-parasite local adaptation in tapeworm-infected sticklebacks

Author:
Madeleine Hamley; Frederik Franke; Joachim Kurtz; Jörn Peter Scharsack
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2017 pp. -
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; adaptive immunity; allopatry; coevolution; excretory-secretory products; host-parasite relationships; hosts; leukocytes; sympatry; tapeworms; virulence; Germany; Iceland; Spain
Abstract:
... The evolutionary arms race of hosts and parasites often results in adaptations, which may differ between populations. Investigation of such local adaptation becomes increasingly important to understand dynamics of host-parasite interactions and co-evolution. To this end we performed an infection experiment involving pairs of three-spined sticklebacks and their tapeworm parasite Schistocephalus sol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2017.03.004

48. Comparative morphology of surface ultrastructure of diphyllobothriidean tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea)

Author:
Aneta Yoneva; Tomáš Scholz; Roman Kuchta
Source:
Invertebrate biology 2018 v.137 no.1 pp. 38-48
ISSN:
1077-8306
Subject:
Ligula intestinalis; Schistocephalus; anatomy and morphology; biogeography; birds; cytoplasm; definitive hosts; frogs; lizards; mammals; parasitism; snakes; tapeworms; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Microtriches on the scolices and adjacent strobila of seven species of diphyllobothriidean cestodes (Bothridium pithonis, Cephalochlamys namaquensis, Dibothriocephalus latus, Duthiersia expansa, D. fimbriata, Ligula intestinalis, and Schistocephalus solidus) from different hosts (frogs, snakes, lizards, birds, and mammals) and biogeographic areas were examined using scanning and transmission elect ...
DOI:
10.1111/ivb.12202

49. Differences between populations in host manipulation by the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus – is there local adaptation?

Author:
Nina Hafer
Source:
Parasitology 2018 v.145 no.6 pp. 762-769
ISSN:
1469-8161
Subject:
Copepoda; Schistocephalus; host-parasite relationships; hosts; pathogenicity; predation; tapeworms
Abstract:
... Host manipulation whereby a parasite increases its transmission to a subsequent host by altering the behaviour of its current host is very far spread. It also occurs in host–parasite systems that are widely distributed. This offers the potential for local adaptation. The tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus modifies its first intermediate copepod host's predation susceptibility to suit its own needs b ...
DOI:
10.1017/S0031182017001792
PubMed:
29113596

50. Early stages of infection of three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus

Author:
Anika Marie Wohlleben; Frederik Franke; Madeleine Hamley; Joachim Kurtz; Jörn Peter Scharsack
Source:
Journal of fish diseases 2018 v.41 no.11 pp. 1701-1708
ISSN:
0140-7775
Subject:
Gasterosteus aculeatus; Schistocephalus; body cavities; fish; helminths; intermediate hosts; kidneys; leukocytes; lymphocyte proliferation; respiratory burst
Abstract:
... Parasitic helminths have evolved strategies to evade their host's immune systems. Particularly, the early time of interactions between helminths and their hosts might be decisive for their infection success. We used the cestode Schistocephalus solidus, and its highly specific second intermediate host, the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to investigate parasite infection and host ...
DOI:
10.1111/jfd.12876