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You searched for: Subject Scotland Remove constraint Subject: Scotland Subject term Scotland Remove constraint Subject term: Scotland Subject term agricultural land Remove constraint Subject term: agricultural land
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1. A tool for cost-effectiveness analysis of field scale sediment-bound phosphorus mitigation measures and application to analysis of spatial and temporal targeting in the Lunan Water catchment, Scotland

Author:
Andy Vinten; James Sample; Adekunle Ibiyemi; Yakubu Abdul-Salam; Marc Stutter
Source:
Science of the total environment 2017 v.586 pp. 631-641
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation; agricultural land; bunds; cost effectiveness; crops; fences; grants; grasslands; linear programming; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; profits and margins; pulp; risk; runoff; sediments; watersheds; wetlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... The cost-effectiveness of six edge-of-field measures for mitigating diffuse pollution from sediment bound phosphorus (P) runoff from temperate arable farmland is analysed at catchment/field scales. These measures were: buffer strips, permanent grassland in the lowest 7% of arable fields, dry detention bunds, wetlands, and temporary barriers such as sediment fences. Baseline field P export was esti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.034

2. Abandoning Risky Agriculture and Leveraging Natural Capital: A County-Level Method for Identifying Conservation Opportunity

Author:
James O. Luken
Source:
Natural areas journal 2020 v.40 no.1 pp. 45-50
ISSN:
0885-8608
Subject:
agricultural land; agricultural policy; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; coastal plains; coasts; crop insurance; crops; farmers; farming systems; forests; humans; income; land use; natural capital; subsidies; North Carolina; Scotland; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Marginal land now devoted to growing harvested crops may be better suited to other land uses such as biodiversity enhancement and carbon sequestration. However, farmers are not encouraged to explore the development of these opportunities due largely to subsidized federal crop insurance (FCI). This study examined FCI outcomes from 2013 to 2017 in 69 Coastal Plain counties of North Carolina and Sout ...
DOI:
10.3375/043.040.0106

3. Adaptive management and targeting of agri-environment schemes does benefit biodiversity: a case study of the corn bunting Emberiza calandra

Author:
Perkins, Allan J.; Maggs, Hywel E.; Watson, Adam; Wilson, Jeremy D.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2011 v.48 no.3 pp. 514-522
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Sitophilus; agricultural land; biodiversity; birds; case studies; corn; farmers; farms; food availability; grasslands; issues and policy; monitoring; mowing; population growth; subsidies; Scotland
Abstract:
... 1. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are the main European policy response to biodiversity loss caused by agricultural intensification. Maximizing their effectiveness is a key policy challenge. Monitoring is essential to inform adaptation and improvement of schemes over time, and to understand how measures may need to vary across a species' range. 2. We measured changes in breeding abundance of a sev ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01958.x

4. Arable plant communities as indicators of farming practice

Author:
Hawes, C.; Squire, G.R.; Hallett, P.D.; Watson, C.A.; Young, M.
Source:
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment 2010 v.138 no.1-2 pp. 17-26
ISSN:
0167-8809
Subject:
integrated agricultural systems; agroecosystems; soil organic carbon; plant communities; agricultural land; nitrogen; botanical composition; growing season; agrochemicals; weeds; soil fertility; natural selection; buried seeds; organic production; sustainable agriculture; Scotland
Abstract:
... The diversity and abundance of the within-field seedbank and emerged weed flora, were measured in over 100 fields from conventional, integrated and organic farms across the arable east of Scotland. Both seedbank and emerged flora showed significant responses to a management intensity gradient from farms with high agrochemical inputs and winter cropping to those with no inorganic inputs, spring cro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2010.03.010

5. Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency at farm and catchment scale using nutrient budgets

Author:
Domburg, P.; Edwards, A.C.; Sinclair, A.H.; Chalmers, N.A.
Source:
Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2000 v.80 no.13 pp. 1946-1952
ISSN:
0022-5142
Subject:
nutrient content; farm inputs; watersheds; phosphorus; application rate; grasslands; farms; nutrient uptake; losses from soil; crop production; agricultural land; cattle; cattle production; nitrogen fertilizers; chickens; grain crops; nitrogen; sheep; phosphorus fertilizers; Scotland
Abstract:
... Farm nutrient budgets related to 1994 were calculated for seven farm types, accounting for approximately 90% of the agricultural land in the River Ythan catchment, NE Scotland. The magnitude of fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at the catchment scale in relation to these farm types was also assessed. Positive budgets were calculated for all farm types, with the largest surpluses estimated ...
DOI:
10.1002/1097-0010(200010)80:13<1946::AID-JSFA736>3.0.CO;2-Q

6. Assessing the efficacy of artificial domiciles for bumblebees

Author:
Gillian C. Lye; Kirsty J. Park; John M. Holland; Dave Goulson
Source:
Journal for nature conservation 2011 v.19 no.3 pp. 154-160
ISSN:
1617-1381
Subject:
Bombus; agricultural land; crops; forage; habitats; nesting; nesting sites; pollination; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Bumblebees have suffered declines as a result of reduction in habitat availability associated with agricultural intensification. Although several conservation strategies for bumblebees address forage availability, other aspects of bumblebee ecology are often ignored. Availability of sufficient nest sites is a key requirement of bumblebee populations and since nesting habitat is likely to have beco ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jnc.2010.11.001

7. Assessing the efficiency gains of improved spatial targeting of policy interventions; the example of an agri-environmental scheme

Author:
Horst, D. van der
Source:
Journal of environmental management 2007 v.85 no.4 pp. 1076-1087
ISSN:
0301-4797
Subject:
land use change; agroecosystems; agricultural land; landscapes; honors and awards; cost benefit analysis; environmental policy; woodlands; biodiversity; Scotland
Abstract:
... GIS-based spatial targeting is increasingly recognised as a potentially useful tool to design more efficient policy interventions. The use of this tool has also been advocated in the context of incentive-based agri-environmental schemes, but there has been little work to date to estimate the level of efficiency gains which it may help to achieve. This paper investigates the requirements to arrive ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.034
PubMed:
17350157

8. Assessing the value of Rural Stewardship schemes for providing foraging resources and nesting habitat for bumblebee queens (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Author:
Lye, Gillian; Park, Kirsty; Osborne, Juliet; Holland, John; Goulson, Dave
Source:
Biological conservation 2009 v.142 no.10 pp. 2023-2032
ISSN:
0006-3207
Subject:
queen insects; Bombus; insect nests; pollinating insects; foraging; rural areas; agricultural land; grasslands; edge effects; farms; Scotland
Abstract:
... Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) play a key role within agricultural systems as pollinators of crops and wild flowers. However, this taxon has suffered severe declines as a result of agricultural intensification. Conservation efforts largely focus on providing forage resources for bumblebees through the summer, but providing suitable habitat during the period of nest foundation in early spring could be a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.032

9. Beyond ‘Hobby Farming’: towards a typology of non-commercial farming

Author:
Lee-Ann Sutherland; Carla Barlagne; Andrew P. Barnes
Source:
Agriculture and human values 2019 v.36 no.3 pp. 475-493
ISSN:
0889-048X
Subject:
abandoned land; agricultural land; farm size; farmers; farming systems; land management; large farms; surveys; Scotland
Abstract:
... In this paper we develop a typology of ‘non-commercial’ approaches to farming, based on a survey of a representative sample of farmers in Scotland, United Kingdom. In total, 395 (16.6% of the sample) farmers indicated that they do not seek to make a profit on their farms. We estimate that these non-commercial approaches to farming are utilised on at least 13% of agricultural land in Scotland. As s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10460-019-09930-5

10. Breeding ground correlates of the distribution and decline of the Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus at two spatial scales

Author:
Chloe Denerley; Steve M. Redpath; Rene van der Wal; Stuart E. Newson; Jason W. Chapman; Jeremy D. Wilson
Source:
Ibis 2019 v.161 no.2 pp. 346-358
ISSN:
0019-1019
Subject:
Acrocephalus; Anthus pratensis; Cuculus canorus; Prunella; adults; agricultural land; breeding season; breeding sites; grasslands; habitats; highlands; hosts; insect larvae; migratory birds; moths; population dynamics; summer; wetlands; woodlands; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Many migratory bird species are undergoing population declines as a result of potentially multiple, interacting mechanisms. Understanding the environmental associations of spatial variation in population change can help tease out the likely mechanisms involved. Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus populations have declined by 69% in England but increased by 33% in Scotland. The declines have mainly occur ...
DOI:
10.1111/ibi.12612

11. Challenges in delivering climate change policy through land use targets for afforestation and peatland restoration

Author:
Iain Brown
Source:
Environmental science & policy 2020 v.107 pp. 36-45
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; carbon; carbon markets; carbon sequestration; case studies; certification; environmental policy; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; land use change; organic soils; peatlands; socioeconomic factors; temporal variation; trees; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Climate change policy for the land sector is challenged by complex biophysical and socioeconomic contexts. A target approach utilising land-use change indicators is often used to quantify and communicate progress, based upon assumed greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductions. This paper investigated areal targets for woodland expansion and peatland restoration, both of which can deliver substantial ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.013

12. Changes in fertilizer and manurial practices during 1960-1990: implications for N and P inputs to the Ythan catchment, N.E. Scotland

Author:
Domburg, P.; Edwards, A.C.; Sinclair, A.H.; Wright, G.G.; Ferrier, R.C.
Source:
Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1998 v.52 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
1385-1314
Subject:
water pollution; history; application rate; animal manures; nitrogen; agricultural land; algae; nitrate nitrogen; watersheds; swine; eutrophication; crop management; land use; grasslands; estuaries; poultry; phosphorus; Scotland; Northern Ireland
Abstract:
... A suggested increase in the growth of macrophytic algae within the Ythan estuary (N.E. Scotland) over recent years has been linked to the increased amounts of nitrogen in the form of NO3-N entering the estuary from the river. The increased NO3 concentration in the river has been associated with recent changes in farming practices in this predominantly agricultural catchment. Terrestrially derived ...

13. Climate and anthropogenic factors determine site occupancy in Scotland's Northern‐range badger population: implications of context‐dependent responses under environmental change

Author:
André P. Silva; Gonçalo Curveira‐Santos; Kerry Kilshaw; Chris Newman; David W. Macdonald; Luciana G. Simões; Luís M. Rosalino
Source:
Diversity & distributions 2017 v.23 no.6 pp. 627-639
ISSN:
1366-9516
Subject:
Meles meles; agricultural land; altitude; badgers; camera trapping; climate change; climatic factors; emissions; highlands; human population; humans; land cover; models; planning; population growth; roads; temperature; weather; winter; Scotland
Abstract:
... AIM: In the light of human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), populations are exposed to ever‐greater bioclimatic stress at the edge of a species’ historic range. The distribution dynamics of European badgers (Meles meles) at their southern edge are linked tightly to climatic variability. We contribute critical data on how climatic context and local factors determine site occupancy in a n ...
DOI:
10.1111/ddi.12564

14. Climate change, drought risk and land capability for agriculture: implications for land use in Scotland

Author:
Iain Brown; Laura Poggio; Alessandro Gimona; Marie Castellazzi
Source:
Regional environmental change 2011 v.11 no.3 pp. 503-518
ISSN:
1436-3798
Subject:
agricultural land; case studies; climate; climate change; climate models; drought; irrigation; land classification; land use; meteorological data; plant-water relations; risk; soil profiles; soil water deficit; water resources; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land capability classification systems define and communicate biophysical limitations on land use, including climate, soils and topography. They can therefore provide an accessible format for both scientists and decision-makers to share knowledge on climate change impacts and adaptation. Underlying such classifications are complex interactions that require dynamic spatial analysis, particularly be ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10113-010-0163-z

15. Comparing Path Dependence and Spatial Targeting of Land Use in Implementing Climate Change Responses

Author:
Iain Brown; Marie Castellazzi; Diana Feliciano
Source:
Land 2014 v.3 no.3 pp. 850-873
ISSN:
2073-445X
Subject:
afforestation; agricultural land; carbon; climate change; disturbed soils; environmental policy; greenhouse gas emissions; habitats; highlands; land use change; planting; viability; woodlands; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land use patterns are the consequence of dynamic processes that often include important legacy issues. Evaluation of past trends can be used to investigate the role of path dependence in influencing future land use through a reference “business as usual” (BAU) scenario. These issues are explored with regard to objectives for woodland expansion in Scotland as a major pillar of climate change policy ...
DOI:
10.3390/land3030850

16. Comparison of N2O emissions from soils at three temperate agricultural sites: simulations of year-round measurements by four models

Author:
Frolking, S.E.; Mosier, A.R.; Ojima, D.S.; Li, C.; Parton, W.J.; Potter, C.S.; Priesack, E.; Stenger, R.; Haberbosch, C.; Dorsch, P.
Source:
Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1998 v.52 no.2/3 pp. 77-105
ISSN:
1385-1314
Subject:
ammonia; seasonal variation; field experimentation; measurement; grasslands; biogeochemical cycles; nitrates; fields; degradation; simulation models; soil bacteria; biological activity in soil; emissions; denitrification; nitrous oxide; rangelands; nitric oxide; nitrogen; soil physical properties; urea; thawing; Germany; Colorado; Scotland
Abstract:
... Nitrous oxide (N2O) flux simulations by four models were compared with year-round field measurements from five temperate agricultural sites in three countries. The field sites included an unfertilized, semi-arid rangeland with low N2O fluxes in eastern Colorado, USA; two fertilizer treatments (urea and nitrate) on a fertilized grass ley cut for silage in Scotland; and two fertilized, cultivated cr ...

17. Crop presence, but not genetic diversity, impacts on the rare arable plant Valerianella rimosa

Author:
Rob W. Brooker; Alison J. Karley; Luna Morcillo; Adrian C. Newton; Robin J. Pakeman; Christian Schöb
Source:
Plant ecology & diversity 2017 v.10 no.5-6 pp. 495-507
ISSN:
1755-1668
Subject:
Valerianella; agricultural land; barley; biodiversity; biomass; crops; genetic variation; genotype; growing season; intensive farming; rare species; reproductive success; seeds; soil water; sowing; weeds; Scotland
Abstract:
... Background: Intensive farming affects farmland biodiversity, and some arable plants in particular. Increasing crop genetic diversity can increase crop productivity or resilience and could also benefit rare arable plants. Aims: We examined whether barley presence, sowing density and genetic diversity impacted the rare plant Valerianella rimosa and explored possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: I ...
DOI:
10.1080/17550874.2018.1437646

18. Crop-to-wild introgression in the European wild apple Malus sylvestris in Northern Britain

Author:
Markus Ruhsam; Will Jessop; Amandine Cornille; James Renny; Rick Worrell
Source:
Forestry 2019 v.92 no.1 pp. 85-96
ISSN:
1464-3626
Subject:
Malus domestica; Malus sylvestris; agricultural land; apples; backcrossing; genetic markers; genotyping; highlands; in situ hybridization; introgression; land use; leaf area; seed dispersal; woodlands; England; Scotland
Abstract:
... Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill, the European wild apple, is a small tree native to Europe which reaches its north-western limit in Northern Britain. It has been identified as one of the main contributors to the domesticated apple M. domestica (Suckow) Borkh. There are concerns that wild populations of this rare tree are threatened by hybridization with M. domestica throughout Europe. We genotyped 332 ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/cpy033

19. Distribution and prevalence of the predatory planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Tricladida: Terricola) in Scotland

Author:
Boag, B.; Palmer, L.F.; Neilson, R.; Chambers, S.J.
Source:
Annals of applied biology 1994 v.124 no.1 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
0003-4746
Subject:
Planaria; predators; earthworms; agricultural land; population distribution; Scotland
DOI:
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04124.x

20. Ecosystem services as the products of land system dynamics: lessons from a longitudinal study of coupled human–environment systems

Author:
Richard Aspinall; Michele Staiano
Source:
Landscape ecology 2019 v.34 no.7 pp. 1503-1524
ISSN:
0921-2973
Subject:
accounting; agricultural land; biodiversity; economic costs; ecosystem services; ecosystems; energy; funding; humans; issues and policy; labor; land use; longitudinal studies; modernization; natural capital; public services and goods; soil; time series analysis; Scotland
Abstract:
... CONTEXT: We address understanding of whole-system and landscape-based approaches to the ecosystem services framework by considering the supply of provisioning services and the dynamics of agricultural land use in Scotland between 1940 and 2016. OBJECTIVES: To characterise and understand the dynamics of change in provisioning services from agriculture in Scotland over the period 1940–2016. To ident ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10980-018-0752-7