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... The Bray P-2 soil test was applied to Thailand rice soils, and the values obtained were correlated with rice yields according to the expression log (A — y) = log A — c₁b₁ — c log x. The calculated and obtained yields of rice for the various soil test values and phosphorus fertilizer rates are reported. Comparisons of the obtained and calculated yields show that the Bray P-2 soil test values correl ...
dry forests; frogs; lizards; microhabitats; species diversity; trees; Ecuador; Thailand
Abstract:
... Amphibians and reptiles were collected from tree buttresses in two different regions to determine whether within—habitat species diversity differences were evident. Using the method suggested by Pielou (1966), the average species diversity per individual was H' = 1.92 plus or minus .47 for the collection of amphibians and reptiles taken from tree buttresses in a tropical dry forest formation in Th ...
... Niche parameters of breadth and overlap were calculated on a collection of frog larvae made in 1969 in a seasonal tropical location in Thailand to determine what adaptive strategy characterizes seasonal tropical anurans. Calculation of values of niche breadth and overlap show that space is much more important than food in niche partitioning. ...
... Studies were conducted in the greenhouse and in the field to evaluate several phosphate rocks for flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.). A close relationship was found to exist between first-crop yield response to applied P and citrate solubility in a series of phosphate rocks representing the theoretical range in this parameter. Greenhouse (TVA) and field data (Thailand) showed quite similar results in ...
agricultural economics; imperfect competition; issues and policy; markets; models; monopsony; profits and margins; rubber; Thailand
Abstract:
... The efficiency of the sheet rubber marketing system in Thailand is analyzed in the framework of the structure‐conduct‐performance model from the field of industrial organization. Market performance is evaluated by the degree of monopsony profits and progressiveness. Examination of the multiple relationships at the three principal levels of the vertical network indicates that the system does not fi ...
... In periodically flooded acid sulfate soils from Thailand various iron compounds are confined to distinct soil horizons. The unmottled substratum, which starts at several decimeters below the surface in the (youngest) mangrove and stage and at 2 m in well-developed soils, invariably contains between 2 and 5% pyrite. Drainage of the mangrove mud is followed by pyrite oxidation which results in acidi ...
B horizons; C horizons; acid sulfate soils; dry season; ferric oxide; iron; jarosite; mass flow; mathematical models; oxidation; pyrite; soil solution; submergence; Thailand
Abstract:
... Field and laboratory data on one acid sulfate soil are used to compute the concentration of dissolved Fe²⁺ with depth and time by means of a mathematical model that considers simultaneous production and diffusion of aqueous Fe²⁺ during submergence. Calculated ferrous iron concentrations compare well with concentrations measured in the course of 175 days at six depths down to 150 cm below the soil ...
... In adjacent areas of broadleaf evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, and agricultural land in northeastern Thailand, >4,000 individuals of 105 species of reptiles and amphibians were systematically collected. The position of capture of each individual was recorded in terms of a complex microhabitat code. The 3 environments differ substantially in pattern of human disturbance, in vegetati ...
... The implications of Thai government taxation of rice exports through the export premium on trade and welfare are examined by means of a dynamic simultaneous equation model which allows for interactions between the rice production, consumption, and export sectors. Although the export premium may have generated a net welfare gain for Thailand over the 1961–70 period, owing to the highly imperfect na ...
agricultural economics; least squares; models; production functions; risk; Thailand
Abstract:
... Ordinary least squares, exactly restricted OLS, stochastically restricted OLS (mixed estimation), and principal components regression each were used to estimate an aggregate agricultural production function for Thailand for which data were highly multicollinear. Pretest considerations, incorporating alternative risk measures, were addressed in detail for purposes of model evaluation. The final mix ...
... The colony defense strategies of the three honeybee species in Thailand were studied to examine the influence of predation on tropical honeybee societies. Each species focuses its defenses upon different stages in the predation sequence of detection—approach—consumption. This radiation in defense strategies apparently reflects each species' preadaptation by worker size (small, medium—sized, or lar ...
... Mansonia mosquitoes (vectors of Malayan filariasis), dispersal and flight range studies associated with host-seeking flight activities in southern Thailand ...
... The ability of agricultural decision makers to formulate logical expectations about the outcome of risky events in crop production and marketing is investigated. Measures of Northern Thailand farmers' perceptions of yield, price, and net income are attempted using an elicitation approach which includes a significant monetary reward. This approach is found to be feasible. The expectations derived a ...
... Samples of petroferric materials with a very wide range of chemical and morphological characteristics were obtained from Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Nigeria, Thailand, and the USA. A prominent feature of all samples is a high content of Fe and/or Al oxides, relative to other constituents. Free Fe oxide is present mainly as goethite or hematite with very small amounts of lepidocrocite in some sampl ...
Eutrombicula; Rattus rattus; new species; Thailand
Abstract:
... The genus Miyatrombicula is reviewed and a new species, M. benensoni, ex Rattus rattus from Thailand is described and illustrated. The subgenera Paramiyacula and Miyacarus treated as synonyms of Miyatrombicula. Eutrombicula (Eutrombicula) rixoli is transferred to Miyatrombicula. A table of all known species in the genus is given. The discovery of the new species constitutes the first record of thi ...
... Ixodoidea, checklist of all ticks known to occur in Thailand (10 genera, 53 species), new host records, correlations with previous records, host list, geographic distribution, map, and repositories of specimens ...
... The zonation of 15 species of Littoraria in the scabra group is described, using a transect method, at 13 mangrove localities in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia and Hawaii. At these localities the littorinids occurred only on trees, and showed both vertical and horizontal patterns of zonation, with broad overlaps between co-occurring species. It is suggested that vertical distribution is determined ...
... Abundant world rice supply has led to renewed interest in improving grain quality of modem rice varieties. Implicit prices of grain characteristics are estimated for Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These prices are used to evaluate rice‐breeding goals and to estimate returns to research for quality improvement. Results indicate that the past focus on physical quality improvement was appr ...
agricultural economics; equations; green infrastructure; perennials; planting; rubber; Sri Lanka; Thailand
Abstract:
... An analysis of the supply response for perennial crops is undertaken for rubber in Sri Lanka, focusing on the uprooting‐replanting decision and disaggregating the typical “reduced‐form” supply response equation into several structural relationships. This approach is compared and contrasted with Dowling's analysis of supply response for rubber in Thailand, which is based upon a sophisticated reduce ...
capital; credit; econometrics; farms; land ownership; markets; Thailand
Abstract:
... The article discusses the impact of land ownership security on farm investment and land improvements. Ownership security enhances capital formation by providing better incentives and improved access to credit. Data from three provinces in Thailand are used to support theoretical propositions and estimate the impact of ownership security. Econometric analysis shows that in two provinces, ownership ...
... Changes in pH, oxidation potential (Eh), and the solubility of S, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Si were measured in four acid sulfate soils of Thailand following reduction and subsequent oxidation. Reduced S species accumulated under anaerobic conditions, but oxidized rapidly when the systems were aerated. The SO₄ concentration in solution increased as the Eh of the soil suspensions increased and pH dec ...
... Risk‐taking preferences were elicited from small semi‐commercial farmers in Northern Thailand using an experimental procedure that included real monetary payoffs of meaningful magnitudes. A total of five sets of lotteries with increasing payoffs were offered. The farmers were found to be risk averters, and their preferences conformed to the hypothesis of increasing (nondecreasing) partial relative ...
... Rapid structural change is now a major feature of several Southeast Asian economies. It generally involves greatly expanded exports of certain commodities and manufactures accompanied by a large growth in services, and poses serious difficulties for traditional labour‐intensive sectors. One important sector affected in this way is that producing natural rubber in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. ...
... The paper reviews the theory of the impact of loan collateral, and in particular land collateral, in institutional and non‐institutional rural credit markets. Evidence from three Asian developing countries is presented, showing extensive use of land collateral among institutional lenders in countries where such collateral is legal. The use of land collateral is more common than other forms of secu ...
... Severely iron‐deficient peanuts (Arachis hypogaaea L.) grown on calcareous soils in central Thailand failed to nodulate until given foliar iron applications. Glasshouse experiments were conducted on two cultivars (Tainan 9 and Robut 33–1) to identify which stage of the nodule symbiosis was most sensitive to iron‐deficiency. Iron‐deficiency did not limit growth of soil or rhizosphere populations of ...
... Bioassays were conducted with a range of insecticides to assess the degree of resistance in a strain of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) collected from the field in Thailand. A susceptible laboratory strain which had LD50's similar to those of susceptible field populations was used as a reference strain for comparisons. The Thailand strain had high levels of resistance at LD50's--resistance factors of ...
... For many island nations of the South Pacific the coconut palm is the most important smallholder tree crop. Most attempts to introduce processing; beyond the copra stage have failed. At the same time there is a declining trend in copra prices. Unlike most other major coconut producing countries (Philippines, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand), the South Pacific nations do not have significa ...
... Deficiencies of Ca and Mg have been suggested to be constraints on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in acid sulfate soils. This study was conducted to determine the solubility of Ca and Mg under natural conditions in these soils, to determine what governs the solubilities of these metals, and to investigate uptake of these metals by rice. Metal availability and uptake by rice were evaluated in 134 fl ...
... Iron toxicity is one of the main constrains to rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth on acid sulfate soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the solubility of Fe under natural conditions in these soils, to determine what governs Fe solubility, and to investigate Fe uptake by rice growing on these soils. Iron availability and uptake by rice was evaluated in 134 flooded acid sulfate soils in t ...
... Although Al and Fe toxicities have been reported to be major constraints to rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth on acid sulfate soils, it is unclear as to whether or not Mn reaches toxic proportions in these soils. The objectives of this study were: (i) to measure the solubility of Mn in flooded acid sulfate soils cropped to rice, (ii) to determine what controls Mn solubility in these soils, and (iii) t ...
... Radial increment was studied in natural forest trees in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, and in mangrove trees in Thailand and on Iriomote Island (Japan). Nails were driven into the trunk at breast height. Barrier zones fonned in response were located after felling of the tree, and the amount of wood fonned subsequent to nailing was measured. Thanks to the distinctness of the cambial response to nailin ...
... The population systematics of the cobras of the genus Naja in southern Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia are investigated, using multivariate analysis of a large number of morphological characters. These populations are found to constitute three distinct groups: a northern form, which occurs in Thailand and northern Peninsular Malaysia; an equatorial form, which occurs in southern Thailand, Peninsu ...
... Twice‑yearly coconut counts taken from 30 different demonstrations on Thai Tall palms showed that applying fertilizer increased the number of nuts produced over the 3 years studied. Application of 2kg of a 13:13:21 NPK compound was ‑shown to be more cost effective than applying 4kg of the same compound, but was rarely profitable, as the largest responses occurred in years when yields were high an ...
... Limited attention has been given to the possibility that elements other than iron are abnormally distributed or retained in various organs of individuals with iron-loading anemias such as thalassemia. Thus, autopsy samples were obtained from organs of individuals with .beta.-thalassemia/HbE disease and nonthalassemic individuals who died in accidents. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, iron, ...
... Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields on acid sulfate soils, which comprise a sizable portion of the rice-growing area in Southeast Asia, are constrained by soil parameters. The objective of this study was to identify those parameters most strongly related to rice growth. Metal availability and uptake by rice were evaluated in the Central Plains of Thailand using 134 flooded acid sulfate soils and in a gr ...
coconuts; research; Jamaica; Papua New Guinea; Thailand
Abstract:
... The following text is based on coconut breeding experience in Jamaica, Thailand and Papua New Guinea, as well as on working visits to many (but by no means all) coconut growing countries. The ideas expressed are those of the author, but they have benefited from an open exchange of views with coconut breeding colleagues, research workers, extension officers, agricultural economists and others. Perh ...