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1. On fruit eating by Scottish Red grouse

Author:
C. C. WILCOCK; C. K. ROBESON; C. A. MACLEAN
Source:
Biological journal of the Linnean Society 1984 v.23 no.4 pp. 331-341
ISSN:
0024-4066
Subject:
Empetrum nigrum; Lagopus lagopus scoticus; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; edible species; evolution; fruiting; fruits; grouse; heathlands; ingestion; seeds; small fruits; Scotland
Abstract:
... Fruit‐eating behaviour of Red grouse was studied in the Grampians of Scotland from analyses of bird droppings for seeds and from direct observations of feeding birds. The commonest moorland species with edible fruits are blaeberry, Vaccinium myrtillus L., cowberry, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L., and crowberry, Empetrum nigrum L. The fruit‐frugivore interaction is not species specific, as grouse ate ber ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00149.x

2. Water-soluble polysaccharides of some representatives of the family Vacciniaceae

Author:
Martynov, E.G.; Stroev, E.A.
Source:
Chemistry of natural compounds 1984 v.20 no.3 pp. 359-360
ISSN:
0009-3130
Subject:
Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium myrtillus; polysaccharides; chemical constituents of plants; Vaccinium oxycoccos
DOI:
10.1007/BF00575769

3. Anthocyanins in Fruits of Vaccinium Uhginosum L. (Bog Whortleberry)

Author:
ØYVIND M. ANDERSEN
Source:
Journal of food science 1987 v.52 no.3 pp. 665-666
ISSN:
0022-1147
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; anthocyanins; countercurrent chromatography; food science; fruits; high performance liquid chromatography; physicochemical properties
Abstract:
... Anthocyanin pigments were isolated from fruits of Vaccinium vliginonosum L. (bog whortleberry) by a combination of droplet countercurrent chromatography and semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fifteen pigments were identified by chromatographic, spectral and chemical properties. The major pigment, malvidin‐3‐glucoside, accounted for 35.9% of the total pigment content. The rela ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb06698.x

4. Radiocesium Levels in Swedish Moose in Relation to Deposition, Diet, and Age

Author:
R. T. Palo; P. Nelin; T. Nylen; G. Wickman
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 1991 v.20 no.3 pp. 690-695
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Alces alces; Betula pubescens; Salix; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; adults; aquatic plants; bilberries; calves; cesium; diet; food plants; foraging; muscle tissues; muscles; mushrooms; pollution; prediction; radionuclides; rumen; Sweden
Abstract:
... During the hunting season in September 1986 in Västerbotten, Sweden, the mean concentration of ¹³⁷ Cs in muscle tissue of moose [Alces alces (L.)] was 500 Bq kg⁻¹ (SD = 400) (median = 398) fresh weight in calves, and 300 Bq kg⁻¹ (SD = 250) (median = 253) in adults. In September 1987, the median concentration in calves was 401 Bq kg⁻¹ and 201 Bq kg⁻¹ in adults. In September 1988 the mean concentrat ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000030031x

5. Accumulation of amino acids in some boreal forest plants in response to increased nitrogen availability

Author:
TORGNY NÄSHOLM ANN‐BRITTEDFAST; ANDERS ERICSSON; LARS‐GÖSTA NORDÉN
Source:
new phytologist 1994 v.126 no.1 pp. 137-143
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
Deschampsia flexuosa; Epilobium angustifolium; Hylocomium splendens; Picea abies; Pleurozium schreberi; Polytrichum; Vaccinium myrtillus; amino acid composition; ammonium nitrate; arginine; asparagine; boreal forests; glutamine; nitrogen; nitrogen metabolism; nutrients
Abstract:
... Accumulation of amino acids in response to application of 500 kg N ha⁻¹ as a single dose of NH₄NO₃, was measured for four common Swedish forest species. Addition of N resulted in increased levels of especially glutamine and arginine in Vaccinium myrtillus L. and in V. vitis‐idaea L., whilst, in fertilized Deschampsia flexuosa L., asparagine and glutamine were most prominent. In Epilobium angustifo ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb07539.x

6. Allelopathic effect of phenolic acids from humic solutions on two spruce mycorrhizal fungi: Cenococcum graniforme and Laccaria laccata

Author:
Pellissier, F.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1994 v.19 no.10 pp. 2105-2114
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
mycorrhizal fungi; phenolic acids; Cenococcum graniforme; allelopathy; Picea abies; Vaccinium myrtillus; Laccaria laccata; humus; Athyrium filix-femina; France
Abstract:
... The aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of p-hydroxyacetophenone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechol, and protocatechuic acid on respiration of two spruce mycorrhizal fungi: Laccaria laccata and Cenococcum graniforme. These phenols are produced by Vaccinium myrtillus, Athyrium filix-femina, and Picea abies, predominant species of spruce forests in the Alps, and they are also present ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF00979650
PubMed:
24248562

7. Allelopathic potential in bilberry-spruce forests: influence of phenolic compounds on spruce seedlings

Author:
Gallet, C.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1994 v.20 no.5 pp. 1009-1024
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
seed germination; Picea abies; bioassays; allelopathy; Vaccinium myrtillus; chemical constituents of plants; phenolic compounds; France
Abstract:
... Regeneration failure of Picea abies in a subalpine bilberry-spruce forest was studied in relation to phenolic compounds, their occurrence and toxicity. Germination bioassays with natural leachates of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and spruce showed negative effects on root elongation of spruce seedlings. Growth bioassays on litter and humus demonstrated inhibitory effects of these organic layers. ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02059738
PubMed:
24242299

8. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus feeding on yew Taxus baccata in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus density and snow depth

Author:
Alle Mysterud; Eivind Østbye
Source:
Wildlife biology 1995 v.1 no.4 pp. 249-253
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Capreolus capreolus; Taxus baccata; Vaccinium myrtillus; bilberries; browsing; shrubs; snow; toxicity; winter
Abstract:
... The extent of roe deer Capreolus capreolus feeding on the highly toxic yew Taxus baccata during winter was quantified from 1989–1994 in areas with varying density of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus. Yew was most heavily harvested by roe deer in areas with low densities of bilberry. In areas with high densities of bilberry shrub, roe deer started browsing on yew when snow depth increased and reduced a ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1995.0024

9. Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) litter on seed germination and early seedling growth of four boreal tree species

Author:
Jaderlund, A.; Zackrisson, O.; Nilsson, M.C.
Source:
Journal of chemical ecology 1996 v.22 no.5 pp. 973-986
ISSN:
0098-0331
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; plant extracts; Populus tremula; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; Picea abies; seed germination; seedling growth; natural regeneration; boreal forests; plant litter
Abstract:
... Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were used to test for inhibitory effects of senescent and decomposed leaves and aqueous extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) against seed germination and seedling growth of aspen (Populus tremula L.), birch (Betula pendula Roth.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Aqueous extracts from bilberry leaves were i ...
DOI:
10.1007/BF02029948
PubMed:
24227618

10. Fire Severity and Vegetation Response in the Boreal Swedish Forest

Author:
Johnny Schimmel; Anders Granstrom
Source:
Ecology 1996 v.77 no.5 pp. 1436-1450
ISSN:
0012-9658
Subject:
Deschampsia flexuosa; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; boreal forests; buried seeds; burning; burnt soils; ecosystems; fire severity; fruiting; fuels; fuels (fire ecology); grasses; heat; mineral soils; mor; mortality; mosses and liverworts; organic horizons; organic soils; regrowth; rhizomes; seedbeds; seedlings; shrubs; temperature; understory; vegetation cover; wildfires; Sweden
Abstract:
... We studied plant survival and colonization over an experimental gradient, from fire lightly scorching the soil to fire consuming most of the organic soil layer, at two forest sites in northern Sweden. The gradient was achieved by adding different amounts of fuel to small plots that were burned in 1988 and 1989. Temperature was recorded at four soil strata during burning. We analyzed survival of se ...
DOI:
10.2307/2265541

11. Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus decline and emissions from the iron industry

Author:
Siegfried Klaus; Dietrich Berger; Jochen Huhn
Source:
Wildlife biology 1997 v.3 no.3-4 pp. 131-136
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Calamagrostis epigejos; Calluna vulgaris; Dactylis glomerata; Digitalis purpurea; Rubus; Senecio nemorensis; Sus scrofa; Tetrao urogallus; Urtica dioica; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vulpes vulpes; chicks; dust; emissions; eutrophication; ground vegetation; industry; iron; nests; pollution; predation; predators; rodents; soil pH; species diversity; vegetation; wild boars; Germany
Abstract:
... Long‐term emissions of calcium‐containing dusts from an iron factory influenced soil pH, vegetation and perhaps contributed to the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus decline in the study area in eastern Germany. Dramatic changes of the ground vegetation were observed in time (vegetation analyses in 1956, 1965, 1983 and 1990–1993) and along the pH‐gradient. Near the emission source the mean number of pl ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1997.017

12. Effects of snow depth on food and habitat selection by roe deer Capreolus capreolus along an altitudinal gradient in south‐central Norway

Author:
Atle Mysterud; Bjørn Helge Bjørnsen; Eivind Østbye
Source:
Wildlife biology 1997 v.3 no.1 pp. 27-33
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Bryonia; Capreolus capreolus; Hypogymnia physodes; Sorbus aucuparia; Usnea; Vaccinium myrtillus; altitude; bilberries; food plants; forest stands; habitat preferences; habitats; lichens; plantations; snow; winter; Norway
Abstract:
... Roe deer Capreolus capreolus food and feeding habitat selection was studied by snow tracking on transects along an altitudinal gradient in Flatdal, the county of Telemark, south‐central Norway, during winter 1979/80. The main food was bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus (36.8%), rowan Sorbus aucuparia (24.4%) and arboreal lichens Alectoria sarmentosa, Bryonia spp., Hypogymnia physodes, Usnea spp. (17.4%) ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1997.004

13. Estimation of the chemical composition of black grouse Tetrao tetrix diets in the eastern Italian Alps

Author:
Stefano Filacorda; Angela Sepulcri; Edi Piasentier; Paolo F. de Franceschi
Source:
Wildlife biology 1997 v.3 no.3-4 pp. 187-194
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Fagus sylvatica; Larix decidua; Lyrurus tetrix; Rhododendron; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; autumn; bilberries; birds; buds; cell wall components; cluster analysis; crude protein; diet; fruits; gizzard; ingredients; leaves; males; physicochemical properties; shoots; spring; Alps region; Italy
Abstract:
... In a study area situated in the eastern Italian Alps, samples of the main ingredients in the diet of male black grouse were collected nine times between September 1993 and December 1994 and analysed for crude protein (CP) content and cell wall components (NDF, ADF, ADL). The mean monthly chemical composition of the diet was calculated on the basis of the percentage of dry matter (DM) weight of the ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1997.023

14. Estudio de la influencia de la temperatura en el comportamiento reológico de mermeladas de albaricoque (Prunus armeniaca), arándano (Vaccinium myrtillus) y escaramujo (Rosa canina) / Influence of temperature on rheological behaviour of jams of apricot (Prunus armeniaca), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and rose hip (Rosa canina)

Author:
M.C. Villarán; E. Cepeda; F.J. Llorens; A. Ibarz
Source:
Food science and technology international 1997 v.3 no.1 pp. 13-19
ISSN:
1082-0132
Subject:
Prunus armeniaca; Rosa canina; Vaccinium myrtillus; apricots; bilberries; fructose; jams; rose hips; sucrose; temperature; viscosity
Abstract:
... We studied the rheological behaviour of apricot jam (Prunus armeniaca) made with sucrose, and jams of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and rose hips (Rosa canina) prepared for dietary usé with fructose in a temperature range of 5-65 °C. All three jams presented thixotropy, and the decrease in stress with time fit first order kinetics. The flow behaviour can be described by power equa tions and the H ...
DOI:
10.1177/108201329700300102

15. Exobasidium leaf spot of lowbrush blueberry

Author:
Nickerson, N.L.; Vander Kloet, S.P.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant pathology 1997 v.19 no.1 pp. 66-68
ISSN:
0706-0661
Subject:
Vaccinium angustifolium; Exobasidium; fungal anatomy; etiology; host range; taxonomy; Vaccinium uliginosum; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium macrocarpon; fungal diseases of plants; Nova Scotia
Abstract:
... A previously undescribed disease of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), caused by Exobasidium sp., was found in Nova Scotia. Symptoms were white to pale yellow, circular leaf spots up to 5 mm in diameter. Typical symptoms developed on young leaves of V. angustifolium and several other Vaccinium spp. inoculated with isolates of the Exobasidium from the leaf spots. The morphology of the pat ...
DOI:
10.1080/07060669709500575

16. Fuel succession and fire behavior in the Swedish boreal forest

Author:
Schimmel, J.; Granstrom, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1997 v.27 no.8 pp. 1207-1216
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
mathematical models; boreal forests; fire ecology; forest litter; wind speed; Vaccinium myrtillus; water content; forest fires; mosses and liverworts; Sweden
Abstract:
... Successional changes in the potential for fire propagation were analyzed in Vaccinium myrtillus type forests in northern Sweden through fuel sampling and fire simulations in stands with different time since the last fire, and ignition tests in early successional and mature vegetation. Within three decades, fine fuel on the ground reached 0.6 to 0.9 kg.m-2 and was thereafter fairly constant at this ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-072

17. Interference of Vaccinium myrtillus on establishment, growth, and nutrition of Picea abies seedlings in a northern boreal site

Author:
Jaderlund, A.; Zackrisson, O.; Dahlberg, A.; Nilsson, M.C.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1997 v.27 no.12 pp. 2017-2025
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; Picea abies; seedlings; boreal forests; nutrient availability; plant competition; phytotoxicity; roots; shoots; biomass; dry matter partitioning; nutrient content; activated carbon; leaves; plant litter; leachates; Sweden
Abstract:
... Vaccinium myrtillus L. ground vegetation in boreal forests reduces tree seedling survival and growth. We studied below- and above-ground competition and phytotoxicity of V. myrtillus on transplanted Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings in a 3-year full factorial field experiment. Exclusion tubes were used to reduce and selectively test for belowground competition by V. myrtillus. Shoots of V. myrtill ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-185

18. Iron source and cytokinin mitigate the incidence of chlorosis and hyperhydration in vitro

Author:
Shibli, R.A.; Smith, M.A.L.; Nasr, R.
Source:
Journal of plant nutrition 1997 v.20 no.6 pp. 773-781
ISSN:
0190-4167
Subject:
tissue culture; plant diseases and disorders; nutrient availability; iron; zeatin; chelates; dry matter accumulation; Vaccinium myrtillus; isopentenyladenine; chlorosis; micropropagation; culture media; shoots
Abstract:
... Two Vaccinium genotypes growing in vitro (V. pahalae, ohelo, and V. myrtillus, bilberry) were examined under variable iron (Fe) and growth regulator regimes in order to elucidate the cause(s) of abnormal tissue formation. Two Fe sources (200, 300, and 400 micromolar Fe from FeEDTA and 150, 200 and 250 micromolar Fe from a combination of 100 micromolar FeEDTA supplemented with FeEDDHA) were used in ...
DOI:
10.1080/01904169709365293

19. Recovery of the bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) from artificial spring and summer frost

Author:
Anne Tolvanen
Source:
Plant ecology 1997 v.130 no.1 pp. 35-39
ISSN:
1385-0237
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; biomass; flowering; flowers; frost; frost injury; growing season; risk; sexual reproduction; shoots; snow; snowmelt; spring; summer; temperature
Abstract:
... Vegetative and sexual recovery of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was monitored in the field for three growing seasons after artificially applied spring and early summer frost. Bilberry recovered vegetatively (density and biomass) by vigorous production of new ramets and by production of large shoots in the damaged ramets. Recovery did not occur sexually (production of flowers), however. Summer ...
DOI:
10.1023/A:1009776200866

20. Vegetation control by steam treatment in boreal forests: a comparison with burning and soil scarification

Author:
Norberg, G.; Jaderlund, A.; Zackrisson, O.; Nordfjell, T.; Wardle, D.A.; Nilsson, M.C.; Dolling, A.
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research = 1997 v.27 no.12 pp. 2026-2033
ISSN:
0045-5067
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; boreal forests; Hylocomium splendens; soil fertility; soil organic matter; plant competition; seedlings; site preparation; weed control; prescribed burning; conifer needles; Pinus sylvestris; nitrogen content; soil microorganisms; soil sterilization; duration; mosses and liverworts; steam; Sweden
Abstract:
... The Vaccinium myrtillus L. - feather moss vegetation community immobilizes nutrients in surface organic layers and suppresses growth of coniferous seedlings in northern boreal forests. On a site dominated by this type of vegetation, a new site preparation technique, involving steam treatment to kill ground vegetation, was tested and compared with conventional site preparation techniques such as so ...
DOI:
10.1139/x97-183

21. Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species

Author:
Prior, R.L.; Cao, G.; Martin, A.; Sofic, E.; McEwen, J.; O'Brien, C.; Lischner, N.; Ehlenfeldt, M.; Kalt, W.; Krewer, G.; Mainland, C.M.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1998 v.46 no.7 pp. 2686-2693
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
anthocyanins; weight; cultivars; geographical distribution; interspecific variation; Vaccinium angustifolium; Vaccinium virgatum; phenolic compounds; titratable acidity; Vaccinium myrtillus; chemical constituents of plants; blueberries; antioxidants; Vaccinium corymbosum; ascorbic acid; Michigan; Oregon; New Jersey
Abstract:
... Different cultivars of four Vaccinium species [Vaccinium corymbosum L (Highbush), Vaccinium ashei Reade (Rabbiteye), Vaccinium angustifolium (Lowbush), and Vaccinium myrtillus L (Bilberry)] were analyzed for total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC). The total antioxidant capacity of different berries studied ranged from a low of 13.9 ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf980145d

22. Biomass and chemical composition of common forest plants in response to fire in western Norway

Author:
Oddvar Skre; Frans Emil Wielgolaski; Bjørn Moe
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1998 v.9 no.4 pp. 501-510
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Betula pubescens; Calluna vulgaris; Deschampsia flexuosa; Pinus sylvestris; Polytrichum; Pteridium aquilinum; Salix caprea; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; biomass; carbohydrates; chemical composition; dominant species; fire intensity; forest plants; forests; nitrogen; nutrients; phosphorus; pure stands; regrowth; rhizomes; roots; seeds; shrubs; soil; species diversity; trees; Norway
Abstract:
... The biomass and chemical composition in six dominant field and bottom layer species was followed during four years after a fire in a Pinus sylvestris forest in western Norway. Three fire intensity levels were distinguished: low, medium and high. The overall biomass in the different species was estimated from the biomass per shoot, the shoot densities in pure stands of the investigated species and ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237265

23. Interactions between elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen and water: effects on growth and water use of six perennial plant species

Author:
Arp, W.J.; Mierlo, J.E.M. van.; Berendse, F.; Snijders, W.
Source:
Plant, cell and environment 1998 v.21 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0140-7791
Subject:
carbon dioxide; Rumex obtusifolius; Molinia caerulea; nitrogen; nutrient availability; Erica tetralix; air temperature; soil water content; drought; water stress; Vaccinium myrtillus; Arrhenatherum elatius; soil water; seasonal variation; diurnal variation; Calluna vulgaris; biomass; dry matter partitioning
Abstract:
... Two experiments are described in which plants of six species were grown for one full season in greenhouse compartments with 350 or 560 micromoles mol-1 CO2. In the first experiment two levels of nitrogen supply were applied to study the interaction between CO2 and nitrogen. In the second experiment two levels of water supply were added to the experimental set-up to investigate the three-way intera ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00257.x

24. The Lepidoptera fauna associated with Calluna vulgaris: effects of plant architecture on abundance and diversity

Author:
Haysom, K.A.; Coulson, J.C.
Source:
Ecological entomology 1998 v.23 no.4 pp. 377-385
ISSN:
0307-6946
Subject:
Lepidoptera; prescribed burning; heathlands; plant characteristics; age; height; plant density; Vaccinium myrtillus; species diversity; Calluna vulgaris; larvae; Scotland
Abstract:
... The effects of plant architecture on the Lepidoptera assemblage associated with heather Calluna vulgaris were studied at four locations in northern England and southern Scotland in 1992 and 1993. The study areas were Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus heaths, where management by rotational burning had created a mosaic of stands of different-aged Calluna. Lepidoptera were sampled in the larval st ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2311.1998.00152.x

25. Long‐term exposure to enhanced ultraviolet‐B radiation in the sub‐arctic does not cause oxidative stress in Vaccinium myrtillus

Author:
E. TAULAVUORI; M. BÄCKMAN; K. TAULAVUORI; D. GWYNN‐JONES; U. JOHANSON; K. LAINE; T. CALLAGHAN; M. SONESSON; L. O. BJÖRN
Source:
new phytologist 1998 v.140 no.4 pp. 691-697
ISSN:
0028-646X
Subject:
glutathione; long term experiments; glutathione-disulfide reductase; autumn; cold zones; ascorbate oxidase; stems; Vaccinium myrtillus; oxidation; ultraviolet radiation; cold tolerance; ascorbic acid; Sweden
Abstract:
... The aim of this work was to assess whether or not oxidative stress had developed in a dwarf shrub bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) under long‐term exposure to enhanced levels of ultraviolet‐B (u.v.‐B) radiation. The bilberry plants were exposed to increased u.v.‐B representing a 15% stratospheric ozone depletion for seven full growing seasons (1991–1997) at Abisko, Swedish Lapland (68°N). The oxi ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00302.x

26. Responses of a subarctic dwarf shrub heath community to simulated environmental change

Author:
Press, M.C.; Potter, J.A.; Burke, M.J.W.; Callaghan, T.V.; Lee, J.A.
Source:
Journal of ecology 1998 v.86 no.2 pp. 315-327
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Calamagrostis; Empetrum; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium uliginosum; air temperature; soil fertility; nutrient availability; biomass; lichens; canopy; species diversity; Bryopsida; plant litter; heathlands; Sweden
Abstract:
... A dwarf shrub heath in subarctic Sweden was subjected to factorial manipulation of air temperature, water and nutrient supply for 5 years. The responses of the vegetation to the perturbations were then assessed by point intercept (quadrat) analysis followed by determination of above-ground biomass. Nineteen vascular and 23 non-vascular species (or species groups) were recorded and the most dramati ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00261.x

27. Revegetation following experimental disturbance in a boreal old‐growth Picea abies forest

Author:
Knut Rydgren; Geir Hestmark; Rune H. Økland
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1998 v.9 no.6 pp. 763-776
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Athyrium filix-femina; Betula pubescens; Deschampsia flexuosa; Dryopteris; Gymnocarpium; Luzula; Phegopteris; Picea abies; Polytrichum; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; botanical composition; disturbed soils; ferns and fern allies; forest litter; germination; land restoration; lichens; old-growth forests; rhizomes; vascular plants; Norway
Abstract:
... We studied revegetation patterns after experimental fine‐scale disturbance (e.g. uprooting) in an old‐growth Picea abies forest in southeastern Norway. An experimental severity gradient was established by manipulation of the depth of soil disturbance; two types of disturbed areas were used. Species recovery was recorded in the disturbed patches in three successive years after disturbance. The cove ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237042

28. Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species

Author:
Kalt, W.; McDonald, J.E.; Ricker, R.D.; Lu, X.
Source:
Canadian journal of plant science 1999 v.79 no.4 pp. 617-623
ISSN:
0008-4220
Subject:
anthocyanins; interspecific variation; Vaccinium angustifolium; Vaccinium myrtillus; oxidation; chemical constituents of plants; Vaccinium corymbosum; Nova Scotia
DOI:
10.4141/P99-009

29. Diet and survival of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus chicks in Scotland

Author:
Nicholas Picozzi; Robert Moss; Kenneth Kortland
Source:
Wildlife biology 1999 v.5 no.1 pp. 11-23
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Lepidoptera; Tetrao urogallus; Vaccinium myrtillus; bilberries; chicks; coniferous forests; diet; dogs; feces; hens; invertebrates; larvae; mothers; reproductive success; Scotland
Abstract:
... The diet of young capercaillie Tetrao urogallus chicks in Scotland was assessed from analysis of their faeces, collected at the roost sites of broods with radio‐marked mothers. Lepidoptera larvae were their main invertebrate food and bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus their main plant food. The concentration of larval remains in the chicks' droppings was correlated with the abundance of larvae found by ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1999.004

30. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of Vaccinium myrtillus

Author:
Martin-Aragon, S.; Basabe, B.; Benedi, J.M.; Villar, A.M.
Source:
Pharmaceutical biology 1999 v.37 no.2 pp. 109-113
ISSN:
1388-0209
Subject:
liver; reactive oxygen species; lipid peroxidation; plant extracts; microsomes; mice; Vaccinium myrtillus; flavonoids
DOI:
10.1076/phbi.37.2.109.6091

31. Response patterns of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis‐idaea along nutrient gradients in boreal forest

Author:
Raisa Mäkipää
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1999 v.10 no.1 pp. 17-26
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; biomass; boreal forests; calcium; forest soils; linear models; magnesium; niches; nitrogen; phosphorus; shrubs
Abstract:
... The relationships between biomass of dwarf shrub species and nutrient gradients of forest soils was studied under field conditions in boreal forests. The biomass‐response curves of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis‐idaea were fitted against soil nutrient gradients using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Ecological niches of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis‐idaea were evaluated, and effects of nitrog ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237156

32. Sixty years of vegetation dynamics in a south boreal coniferous forest in southern Norway

Author:
Per Holm Nygaard; Torbjørn Ødegaard
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 1999 v.10 no.1 pp. 5-16
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Andromeda polifolia; Calluna vulgaris; Cornus; Deschampsia flexuosa; Eriophorum vaginatum; Hylocomium splendens; Melampyrum; Molinia caerulea; Picea abies; Pleurozium schreberi; Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium uliginosum; biomass; boreal forests; botanical composition; cutting; humus; logging; monitoring; mosses and liverworts; nitrogen; pH; Norway; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... Vegetation data from permanent plots were collected in 1931, 1961 and 1991 in a south boreal forest 20 km north of Oslo in southern Norway. Major changes were found in the vegetation composition during those 60 years. The main changes were a reduction in the frequency of species and the frequency of joint occurrences of vascular species such as Andromeda polifolia, Calluna vulgaris, Cornus suecica ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237155

33. Summer foraging on Scots pine Pinus sylvestris by moose Alces alces in Sweden ‐ patterns and mechanisms

Author:
William E. Faber; Sten Lavsund
Source:
Wildlife biology 1999 v.5 no.2 pp. 93-106
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Alces alces; Betula; Pinus sylvestris; Vaccinium myrtillus; acid detergent fiber; bilberries; browsing; crude protein; detergents; digestibility; foraging; forestry; growing season; lignin; magnesium; nutrient content; phosphorus; potassium; shoots; starch; summer; trees; winter; Scandinavia; Sweden
Abstract:
... Scots pine Pinus sylvestris is a dominant winter food species to moose Alces alces in Fennoscandia but reports of its use during the growing season are limited. Browsing by moose on current‐growth, terminal shoots of Scots pine (CGTS) during summer was studied in three areas in southern and central Sweden to quantify this seasonal feeding habit. Dynamics of nutrient content in CGTS were also studi ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.1999.013

34. Population dynamics of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus production in southern Norway

Author:
Vidar Selås
Source:
Wildlife biology 2000 v.6 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Tetrao urogallus; Vaccinium myrtillus; autumn; bilberries; clutch size; crops; food quality; foresters; grouse; hens; herbivores; population dynamics; regression analysis; roosters; snow; spring; voles; Norway; Sweden
Abstract:
... Forester T. Grasaas' data on numbers of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cocks and hens observed at leks and clutch sizes in Vegårshei, southern Norway, during 1953–1962 (high population level) and 1969–1978 (low population level) were analysed with regard to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus production, autumn population indices and snow conditions in spring. From the mast depression hypothesis, it was p ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.2000.032

35. Response of dwarf shrubs to neighbour removal and nutrient addition and their influence on community structure in a subalpine heath

Author:
Gerdol, R.; Brancaleoni, L.; Menghini, M.; Marchesini, R.
Source:
Journal of ecology 2000 v.88 no.2 pp. 256-266
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
height; application rate; shoots; interspecific variation; ambient temperature; fruit set; Vaccinium myrtillus; length; plant characteristics; Vaccinium uliginosum; spatial variation; biomass production; Empetrum; shrubs; plant communities; heathlands; fertilizers; habitats; light; Italy
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00445.x

36. The picking of wild berries in Finland in 1997 and 1998

Author:
Saastamoinen, O.; Kangas, K.; Aho, H.
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2000 v.15 no.6 pp. 645-650
ISSN:
0282-7581
Subject:
wild foods; forest recreation; surveys; nontimber forest products; mushrooms; yields; food marketing; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium myrtillus; Rubus chamaemorus; Rubus idaeus; Finland
DOI:
10.1080/02827580050216897

37. Autumn population size of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in relation to bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus production and weather: an analysis of Norwegian game reports

Author:
Vidar Selås
Source:
Wildlife biology 2001 v.7 no.1 pp. 17-25
ISSN:
0909-6396
Subject:
Tetrao urogallus; Vaccinium myrtillus; autumn; bilberries; birds; body condition; food quality; population size; primary productivity; regression analysis; reproductive success; snow; spring; summer; temperature; Norway
Abstract:
... From a study area in Aust‐Agder, southern Norway, game reports from 1920–1978, supplemented with autumn counts carried out during 1968–1984, were used to determine whether the autumn population size of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus showed no increase, a slight increase or a strong increase compared to the population size the previous year. Based on the mast depression hypothesis, it was predicted ...
DOI:
10.2981/wlb.2001.005

38. Determination of anthocyanidins in berries and red wine by high-performance liquid chromatography

Author:
Nyman, N.A.; Kumpulainen, J.T.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2001 v.49 no.9 pp. 4183-4187
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
wines; strawberries; Vaccinium myrtillus; black currants; anthocyanidins; high performance liquid chromatography
Abstract:
... A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of anthocyanidins from berries and red wine is described. Delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and malvidin contents of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Jonsok), and a Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) red wine were determined. The agly ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf010572i
PubMed:
11559107

39. Effects of shelterwood and soil scarification on deer browsing on planted Norway spruce Picea abies L. (Karst) seedlings

Author:
Bergquist, J.; Kullberg, Y.; Orlander, G.
Source:
Forestry 2001 v.74 no.4 pp. 359-367
ISSN:
0015-752X
Subject:
Picea abies; browsing; seedlings; artificial regeneration; Capreolus capreolus; Pinus sylvestris; clearcutting; incidence; mechanical damage; Vaccinium myrtillus; shelterwood systems; Sweden
Abstract:
... The level of browsing damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedlings planted in shelterwoods was compared with the level of damage sustained on clearcuts in a large-scale experiment in southern Sweden. Prior to cutting, the forests contained a mixture of Norway spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), while the shelterwoods were dominated by pine. Each shelterwood and clearcut was di ...
DOI:
10.1093/forestry/74.4.359

40. Extra food supply decreases damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Author:
Orlander, G.; Nordlander, G.; Wallertz, K.
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2001 v.16 no.5 pp. 450-454
ISSN:
0282-7581
Subject:
Hylobius abietis; pest control; abiotic stress; bark; branches; roots; understory; Vaccinium myrtillus; field experimentation; seedlings; vegetation; population dynamics; slash; shelterwood systems; Sweden
DOI:
10.1080/02827580152632847

41. Identification of anthocyanins in berries by narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization detection

Author:
Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Errante, G.; Zappia, G.; Dugo, G.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2001 v.49 no.8 pp. 3987-3992
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; Rubus; mulberries; anthocyanins; mass spectrometry; detection; high performance liquid chromatography; extracts
Abstract:
... Qualitative determination of anthocyanins in extracts of red fruits by narrow-bore HPLC/ESI-MS was carried out. This method was used to investigate anthocyanin contents of black bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blackberry (Rubus sp.), and mulberry (Morus nigra). An ultraviolet diode array and a mass spectrometer with ESI source were used for detection. Anthocyanin identifications were made by us ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf001495e
PubMed:
11513700

42. Nitrogen uptake and nutrient limitation in six hill moorland species in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in England and Wales

Author:
F. W. Kirkham
Source:
journal of ecology 2001 v.89 no.6 pp. 1041-1053
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
Agrostis; nutrient content; ammonia; Eriophorum vaginatum; developmental stages; phosphorus; shoots; interspecific variation; nitrogen content; nutrient uptake; Vaccinium myrtillus; Festuca; temporal variation; Molinia caerulea; nitrogen oxides; nutrient deficiencies; ammonium compounds; nitrogen; nutrient availability; Nardus stricta; Calluna vulgaris; air pollution; England; Wales
Abstract:
... 1 Samples of shoot tissue of six hill moorland species were obtained from upland sites in England and Wales in 1996 and 1997 and analysed for nitrogen (N) content, annual accumulated N per hectare and nitrogen to phosphorus (N : P) ratio. The species sampled were: Calluna vulgaris in four growth phases (pioneer, building, mature and degenerate), Vaccinium myrtillus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus strict ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00626.x

43. Regeneration strategies of dominant boreal forest dwarf shrubs in response to selective removal of understorey layers

Author:
H. Hautala; A. Tolvanen; C. Nuortila
Source:
Journal of vegetation science 2001 v.12 no.4 pp. 503-510
ISSN:
1100-9233
Subject:
Vaccinium myrtillus; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; boreal forests; clones; genotype; growing season; humus; mosses and liverworts; seedlings; sexual reproduction; shoots; shrubs; sowing; understory; vegetative growth
Abstract:
... The deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus and the evergreen Vaccinium vitis‐idaea were subjected to five removal treatments of understorey layers: control, removal of the moss layer, removal of the field layer, removal of both moss and field layers and removal of moss, field and humus layers. A second factor, sowing, was included to investigate sexual reproduction after disturbance. Density of new ramets ...
DOI:
10.2307/3237002

44. Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS

Author:
Chandra, A.; Rana, J.; Li, Y.
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2001 v.49 no.8 pp. 3515-3521
ISSN:
0021-8561
Subject:
anthocyanins; Sambucus nigra; Aronia melanocarpa; high performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; Vaccinium myrtillus; powders; dietary supplements; fruit juices; herbal medicines; cherries
Abstract:
... A method has been established and validated for identification and quantification of individual, as well as total, anthocyanins by HPLC and LC/ES-MS in botanical raw materials used in the herbal supplement industry. The anthocyanins were separated and identified on the basis of their respective M(+) (cation) using LC/ES-MS. Separated anthocyanins were individually calculated against one commercial ...
DOI:
10.1021/jf010389p
PubMed:
11513621

45. Biomass production of upland vegetation types in England and Wales

Author:
Milne, J.A.; Pakeman, R.J.; Kirkham, F.W.; Jones, I.P.; Hossell, J.E.
Source:
Grass and forage science 2002 v.57 no.4 pp. 373-388
ISSN:
0142-5242
Subject:
Agrostis; Eriophorum vaginatum; grazing; height; vegetation cover; seasonal variation; grasslands; shoots; topography; soil chemical properties; dry matter accumulation; forage; Vaccinium myrtillus; Festuca; soil density; forage production; grasses; plant growth; Molinia caerulea; equations; highlands; bogs; potassium; temperature; frost; shrubs; environmental factors; rain; pH; Nardus stricta; Calluna vulgaris; wetland plants; England; Wales
DOI:
10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00339.x

46. Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Different Soils in Two Swedish Forest Catchments

Author:
Eriksson, Jan
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2002 v.17 no.5 pp. 436-445
ISSN:
0282-7581
Subject:
fens; mercury; lead; mor; Podzols; forested watersheds; cadmium; Picea abies; Vaccinium myrtillus; pH; B horizons; Sweden
Abstract:
... Accumulation of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), as affected by organic matter content, pH of different soil compartments and the physicochemical properties of each metal, was studied in different soil types within two forested catchments of the Norway spruce (Picea abies - Vaccinium myrtillus) type. Independent of soil type, the highest metal concentrations were found in the organic laye ...
DOI:
10.1080/028275802320435450

47. Developmental instability and gas exchange responses of a heathland shrub to experimental drought and warming

Author:
Llorens, L.; Penuelas, J.; Emmett, B.
Source:
International journal of plant sciences 2002 v.163 no.6 pp. 959-967
ISSN:
1058-5893
Subject:
plant development; Vaccinium myrtillus; gas exchange; shrubs; water stress; air temperature; climate change; field experimentation; night temperature; leaves; Wales
DOI:
10.1086/342713

48. Effects of Seedbed Substrates on Regeneration of Picea abies from Seeds

Author:
Hanssen, Kjersti Holt
Source:
Scandinavian journal of forest research 2002 v.17 no.6 pp. 511-521
ISSN:
0282-7581
Subject:
Deschampsia flexuosa; Picea abies; Sphagnum; Vaccinium myrtillus; microhabitats; mortality; mosses and liverworts; seedbeds; seedlings; seeds; sowing; summer; weather; Norway
Abstract:
... The effects of seedbed substrates on the emergence and mortality of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] on clear-cuts were studied in a sowing experiment. Seven intact substrates as well as scarified plots on the same types of substrates were considered. The experiment took place at two locations in south-east Norway, during three consecutive years. Of intact substrates, Sphagnum spp. was fou ...
DOI:
10.1080/02827580260417161

49. Impact of sewage sludge application on the long-term nutrient balance in acid soils of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.) forests

Author:
Bramryd, T.
Source:
Water, air, and soil pollution 2002 v.140 no.1/4 pp. 381-399
ISSN:
0049-6979
Subject:
sewage sludge; forest soils; acid soils; Pinus sylvestris; coniferous forests; sandy soils; nutrient availability; soil fertility; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; calcium; magnesium; sodium; long term experiments; nutrient content; mineral content; conifer needles; shoots; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium myrtillus; Sweden

50. Parasitic fungus mediates change in nitrogen-exposed boreal forest vegetation

Author:
Strengbom, J.; Nordin, A.; Nasholm, T.; Ericson, L.
Source:
Journal of ecology 2002 v.90 no.1 pp. 61-67
ISSN:
0022-0477
Subject:
nitrogen content; nitrogen; glutamine; Deuteromycotina; fungal diseases of plants; surfaces; Vaccinium myrtillus; plant pathogenic fungi; chemical constituents of plants; natural enemies; incidence; leaves; Sweden
Abstract:
... 1. Experimental additions of N to an old-growth boreal forest resulted in elevated levels of free amino acids in leaves of the dominant dwarf-shrub Vaccinium myrtillus and increased attack from a parasitic fungus, Valdensia heterodoxa. 2. Glutamine additions to the leaf surface of V. myrtillus increased disease incidence by an average of almost three times compared to controls and suggested a caus ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00629.x