Subject: adaptive immunity - PubAg Search Results

1. Implications of hemolin glycosylation and Ca²⁺‐binding on homophilic and cellular interactions

Author:: Raul Bettencourt; Hans Gunne; Louis Gastinel; Håkan Steiner; Ingrid Faye
Source:: European journal of biochemistry 1999 v.266 no.3 pp. 964-976
ISSN:: 0014-2956
Subject:: Hyalophora cecropia; N-acetylglucosamine; Western blotting; adaptive immunity; antibodies; autoradiography; calcium; cell adhesion; digestion; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; fluorescence; glycosylation; hemocytes; immune response; lectins; models; moths; pupae; receptors; recombinant proteins; sialic acids; sialidase
Abstract:: ... Insects are useful models for the study of innate immune mechanisms because of their lack of antibodies and receptors involved in adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, hemolin cloned from moths is a soluble and membrane associated Ig‐related molecule that is up‐regulated during immune response [Lanz‐Mendoza, H. & Faye, I. (1999) Dev. Comp. Immunol.23, 359–374]. The hemolin monomeric form has fou ...
DOI:: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00934.x
: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00934.x

2. pMGA phenotypic variation in Mycoplasma gallisepticum occurs in vivo and is mediated by trinucleotide repeat length variation

Author:: Glew, M.D.; Browning, G.F.; Markham, P.F.; Walker, I.D.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2000 v.68 no.10 pp. 6027-6033
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Mycoplasma gallisepticum; adaptive immunity; antibodies; chickens; gene expression; genes; microsatellite repeats; phenotype; phenotypic variation; surface proteins; virulent strains
Abstract:: ... Chickens were infected with a pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the expression of pMGA, the major surface protein, was inferred by examination of colonies from ex vivo cells. Within 2 days postinfection, 40% of cells had ceased the expression of the original pMGA surface protein (pMGA1.1), and by day 6, the majority of recovered cells were in this category. The switch in pMGA phen ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.68.10.6027-6033.2000
PubMed:: 10992515
PubMed Central:: PMC101567
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.10.6027-6033.2000

3. Virulence criteria for Brucella abortus strains as determined by interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient mice

Author:: Ko, J.; Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A.; Ficht, T.A.; Splitter, G.A.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2002 v.70 no.12 pp. 7004-7012
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; adaptive immunity; animal models; brucellosis; death; hepatitis; hepatotoxicity; hosts; interferon regulatory factors; mice; mutants; virulence
Abstract:: ... Interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient (IRF-1-/-) mice infected with virulent Brucella abortus 2308 at 5 x 10(5) CFU developed acute hepatitis similar to many natural hosts but, unlike natural hosts, IRF-1-/- mice were unable to resolve infection and died. In contrast, IRF-1-/- mice survived when infected at 5 x 10(5) CFU with several attenuated Brucella strains (S19, RB51, cbp, and cyd). The su ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.70.12.7004-7012.2002
PubMed:: 12438380
PubMed Central:: PMC132959
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.12.7004-7012.2002

4. Vitamin A as an anti-inflammatory agent

Author:: Reifen, Ram
Source:: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2002 v.61 no.3 pp. 397-400
ISSN:: 0029-6651
Subject:: acne; adaptive immunity; animal models; anti-inflammatory agents; disease prevention; immune system; infectious diseases; inflammation; vitamin A; vitamin deficiencies
Abstract:: ... Vitamin A is necessary for normal differentiation of epithelial tissues, the visual process and reproduction, and is vital for the optimal maintenance and functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most profuse nutritional deficiencies worldwide. It is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in both man and animal models. Vitami ...
DOI:: 10.1079/PNS2002172
PubMed:: 12230799
: https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2002172

5. Biological activity of immunostimulatory CpG DNA motifs in domestic animals

Author:: Mutwiri, G.; Pontarollo, R.; Babiuk, S.; Griebel, P.; Van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S.; Tsang, C.; Mena, A.; Alcon, V.; Nichani, A.; Ioannou, X.; Gomis, S.; Townsend, H.; Hecker, R.; Potter, A.; Babiuk, L.A.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.2 pp. 89-103
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: DNA; Toll-like receptor 9; adaptive immunity; animal models; bioactive properties; clinical trials; cytokines; disease models; domestic animals; humans; hypersensitivity; immune response; infectious diseases; innate immunity; nucleotide motifs; oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Abstract:: ... Bacterial DNA contains a much higher frequency of CpG dinucleotides than are present in mammalian DNA. Furthermore, bacterial CpG dinucleotides are often not methylated. It is thought that these two features in combination with specific flanking bases constitute a CpG motif that is recognized as a “danger” signal by the innate immune system of mammals and therefore an immune response is induced wh ...
DOI:: 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00246-5
: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00246-5

6. Comparative fine maps of bovine toll-like receptor 4 and toll-like receptor 2 regions

Author:: Stephen N. White; Srinivas R. Kata; James E. Womack
Source:: Mammalian genome 2003 v.14 no.2 pp. 149-155
ISSN:: 0938-8990
Subject:: Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4; adaptive immunity; cattle; chromosomes; genes; humans; hybrids
Abstract:: ... : AbstractToll-like receptors are cell-surface receptors that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. We have used a 5000-rad, whole-genome radiation hybrid panel to map Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to the distal end of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 8, and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to the proximal end of bovine Chr 17. To facilitate comparative mapping and contig construction, we have also used ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00335-002-2213-4
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-002-2213-4

7. Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris

Author:: Foss, Dennis L.; Bennaars, Antoinette M.; Pennell, Christopher A.; Moody, Mark D.; Murtaugh, Michael P.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.3-4 pp. 205-215
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: messenger RNA; concanavalin A; bone marrow cells; antigens; Komagataella pastoris; adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; glycosylation; monocytes; vaccines; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; vaccine adjuvants; yeasts; splenocytes; interleukin-4; swine
Abstract:: ... Dendritic cells (DC) are potent inducers of acquired immunity due to their ability to present antigens in the context of a costimulatory environment and consequently serve an essential role in vaccine efficacy. Strategies to enhance their function, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 treatment to induce DC differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes, may ...
DOI:: 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00002-3
: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00002-3

8. Duplication and selection in the evolution of primate β-defensin genes

Author:: Colin AM Semple; Mark Rolfe; Julia R Dorin
Source:: Genome biology 2003 v.4 no.5 pp. 541
ISSN:: 1474-760X
Subject:: adaptive immunity; anti-infective properties; bacteria; cystic fibrosis; evolution; exons; fungi; human diseases; humans; innate immunity; loci; pathogens; peptides; pseudogenes; signal peptide; viruses
Abstract:: ... BACKGROUND: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against microorganisms in vertebrates and acts by providing an initial barrier to microorganisms and triggering adaptive immune responses. Peptides such as β-defensins are an important component of this defense, providing a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and several enveloped viruses. β-defensi ...
DOI:: 10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-r31
PubMed:: 12734011
PubMed Central:: PMC156587
: https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-r31

9. Effect of beta-Carotene Supplementation on Plasma and Yolk IgY Levels Induced by NDV Vaccination in Japanese Quail

Author:: Z. Kiss; L. Bárdos; C. Szabó; L. Lengyel; M. Szabó
Source:: International journal for vitamin and nutrition research 2003 v.73 no.4 pp. 285-289
ISSN:: 0300-9831
Subject:: Avian orthoavulavirus 1; Coturnix japonica; adaptive immunity; antibody formation; beta-carotene; blood sampling; chicks; diet; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoglobulin Y; immunomodulators; quails; sex ratio; vaccination; vaccines; vitamin A
Abstract:: ... Newly hatched Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing different levels of retinoids (vitamin A) or beta-carotene. Group A received a commercial diet containing 10000 IU vitamin A per kilogram. The diets of Groups B, C, and D contained no vitamin A but were supplemented with 1-, 2.5-, and 5-fold retinol equivalents of beta-carotene. Each group contained 16 quail ...
DOI:: 10.1024/0300-9831.73.4.285
: https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.73.4.285

10. Lack of TNF alpha supports persistence of a plasmid encoding the bovine leukaemia virus in TNF−/− mice

Author:: Müller, Catherine; Coffey, Tracey J.; Koss, Michael; Teifke, Jens Peter; Langhans, Wolfgang; Werling, Dirk
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.92 no.1-2 pp. 15-22
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: Bovine leukemia virus; adaptive immunity; antibodies; blood serum; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; innate immunity; mice; plasmids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ruminants; splenocytes; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is well recognised for its role in mediating innate immune responses. However, the mechanisms of TNF that influence the adaptive immune response to viral infections are poorly understood. Over recent years, there has been evidence to suggest a role for TNF in the early phase of infection of ruminants with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). In this study, we infected TNF−/− ...
DOI:: 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00020-5
: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00020-5

11. Prevalence of coccidia parasites (Protozoa) in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris): effects of host phenotype and environmental factors

Author:: Sandro Bertolino; Luc A. Wauters; Luc De Bruyn; Giorgio Canestri-Trotti
Source:: Oecologia 2003 v.137 no.2 pp. 286-295
ISSN:: 0029-8549
Subject:: Cryptosporidium parvum; Eimeria; Protozoa; Sciurus vulgaris; adaptive immunity; intestines; parasites; phenotype; population density; social structure; squirrels; Alps region
Abstract:: ... We investigated the relative importance of environmental factors versus host phenotype in determining parasite prevalence in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). One hundred and forty-three fecal samples of 116 different squirrels collected in 2000 and 2001 from five study areas in the Italian Alps, were examined for intestinal protozoans. Two species of Eimeria were present with a medium to ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00442-003-1345-x
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1345-x

12. Principles of Immunology

Author:: Ashley K. Lentz; Robert J. Feezor
Source:: Nutrition in clinical practice v.18 no.6 pp. 451-460
ISSN:: 1941-2452
Subject:: adaptive immunity; complications (disease); immune response; immune system; memory; pathogens
Abstract:: ... The immune system, composed of innate and acquired immunity, allows an organism to fight off foreign pathogens. Healthy immunity accomplishes four essential principles: (1) ability to detect and fight off infection; (2) ability to recognize a host's own cells as “self,” thereby protecting them from attack; (3) a memory from previous foreign infections; and (4) ability to limit the response after t ...
DOI:: 10.1177/0115426503018006451
: https://doi.org/10.1177/0115426503018006451

13. Resistance, susceptibility, and immunity to cecal coccidiosis: effects of B complex and alloantigen system L

Author:: Medarova, Z.; Briles, W.E.; Taylor, R.L.Jr.
Source:: Poultry science 2003 v.82 no.7 pp. 1113-1117
ISSN:: 0032-5791
Subject:: oocysts; sires; coccidiosis; weight gain; analysis of variance; adaptive immunity; dams (mothers); genotype; immunization; progeny; Eimeria tenella; chicks; pedigree
Abstract:: ... This study examined alloantigen system L effects on resistance to initial infection and acquired immunity to Eimeria tenella infection in three B complex genotypes. Experimental progeny segregating for B and L genotypes were produced from pedigree matings of B2B5 L1L2 sires and dams. Chicks were weighed and inoculated with 30,000 E. tenella oocysts at 6 wk of age to evaluate resistance in four tri ...
DOI:: 10.1093/ps/82.7.1113
: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.7.1113

14. TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response

Author:: Werling, Dirk; Jungi, Thomas W.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: T-lymphocytes; Toll-like receptors; adaptive immunity; cattle; cell proliferation; cytokines; gene activation; innate immunity; microorganisms; nitrogen; oxygen; pathogens; protein synthesis
Abstract:: ... Invading pathogens are controlled by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Adaptive immunity, which is mediated by B and T lymphocytes, recognises pathogens by rearranged high affinity receptors. However, the establishment of adaptive immunity is often not rapid enough to eradicate microorganisms as it involves cell proliferation, gene activation and protein synthesis. More rapid defe ...
DOI:: 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00228-3
: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00228-3

15. Assembly of MHC class I peptide complexes from the perspective of disulfide bond formation

Author:: T. B. Dick
Source:: Cellular and molecular life sciences 2004 v.61 no.5 pp. 547-556
ISSN:: 1420-682X
Subject:: adaptive immunity; binding sites; chemical elements; disulfide bonds; endoplasmic reticulum; ligands; major histocompatibility complex; peptides; redox reactions; thioredoxins
Abstract:: ... Assembly of functional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide complexes within the endoplasmic reticulum is critically important for the development of an adaptive immune response. The highly regulated loading of peptides onto MHC class I molecules is controlled by a multi-component chaperone system called the MHC class I peptide loading complex. The recent identification of the th ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00018-003-3271-9
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-003-3271-9

16. Comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations

Author:: Javier Millán; Christian Gortazar; María Paz Martín-Mateo; Rafael Villafuerte
Source:: Parasitology research 2004 v.93 no.1 pp. 79-85
ISSN:: 0932-0113
Subject:: Alectoris rufa; Cuclotogaster; Goniocotes; Goniodes; Hyalomma; Ixodes; Menacanthus; Menopon; adaptive immunity; adults; body condition; farms; fauna; juveniles; lice; parasitism; partridges; species diversity; surveys; ticks; wild birds
Abstract:: ... We compared the ectoparasite fauna of 89 wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) from four hunting estates and 25 farm-reared partridges from three farms. We found 62% of the wild but only 20% of the farmed partridges harboured ectoparasites. On the wild partridges, one hippoboscid fly species (Ornithophila metallica, 2%), two tick species (Ixodes frontalis, 2%; Hyalomma sp., 17%) and eight lo ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00436-004-1113-9
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-004-1113-9

17. Immunoperoxidase studies of cell mediated immune effector cell populations in early Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep

Author:: Reddacliff, L.A.; McClure, S.J.; Whittington, R.J.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.97 no.3-4 pp. 149-162
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; adaptive immunity; cattle; ileum; interferon-gamma; jejunum; lambs; lymph nodes; lysozyme; models; mucosa; paratuberculosis
Abstract:: ... Immunoperoxidase (IPX) labelling for CD4, CD8, TCR-γδ, WC1, CD1b, IFN-γ, CD45R, CD56 and lysozyme was used to investigate changes in cell mediated immune effector cell populations in the intestinal Peyer’s patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes of lambs, 2 and 4 months after experimental infection with low doses of sheep strain Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis). ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.09.001
: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.09.001

18. Live Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) elicit dendritic cell responses that differ from those induced by killed S. Typhimurium

Author:: Norimatsu, Mari; Chance, Victoria; Dougan, Gordon; Howard, Christopher J.; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.98 no.3-4 pp. 193-201
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: Salmonella Typhimurium; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; bacteria; cattle; dendritic cells; gene expression regulation; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; immune response; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:: ... The immune response of bovine monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DC) exposed to either live or killed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was compared. Both live and killed bacteria induced changes in morphology with distinctive formation of processes and up-regulation of the ability of DC to stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Also, both live and killed bacteria up-regulated the expres ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.12.008
: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.12.008

19. Molecular/chemical ecology in sponges: evidence for an adaptive antibacterial response in Suberites domuncula

Author:: W. E. G. Müller; M. Klemt; N. L. Thakur; H. C. Schröder; A. Aiello; M. D'Esposito; M. Menna; E. Fattorusso
Source:: Marine biology 2004 v.144 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:: 0025-3162
Subject:: Porifera; adaptive immunity; animals; antibacterial properties; cell culture; chemical ecology; cytokines; endotoxins; enzymes; lipopolysaccharides; models; platelet-activating factor
Abstract:: ... Sponges (Porifera) represent the evolutionary oldest metazoan phylum still extant today. They have developed a complex Bauplan, based on the existence of structural and regulatory molecules; many of these have been cloned and analyzed in the past years. The demosponge Suberites domuncula has been used as a suitable model to demonstrate that these animals not only possess an adaptive immune respons ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00227-003-1184-7
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1184-7

20. Study of host–pathogen interactions to identify sustainable vaccine strategies to Marek’s disease

Author:: Baaten, B.J.G.; Butter, C.; Davison, T.F.
Source:: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.100 no.3-4 pp. 165-177
ISSN:: 0165-2427
Subject:: CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Mardivirus; Marek disease; adaptive immunity; chickens; genetic resistance; host-pathogen relationships; immune response; live vaccines; paralysis; pathogenesis; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:: ... Marek’s disease virus is a highly cell-associated, lymphotropic α-herpesvirus that causes paralysis and neoplastic disease in chickens. The disease has been contained by vaccination with attenuated viruses and provides the first evidence for a malignant cancer being controlled by an antiviral vaccine. Marek’s disease pathogenesis is complex, involving cytolytic and latent infection of lymphoid cel ...
DOI:: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.009
: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.009

21. CX₃CR1-Mediated Dendritic Cell Access to the Intestinal Lumen and Bacterial Clearance

Author:: Niess, Jan Hendrik; Brand, Stephan; Gu, Xiubin; Landsman, Limor; Jung, Steffen; McCormick, Beth A.; Vyas, Jatin M.; Boes, Marianne; Ploegh, Hidde L.; Fox, James G.; Littman, Dan R.; Reinecker, Hans-Christian
Source:: Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 254-258
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: adaptive immunity; antigens; bacteria; chemokine receptors; dendrites; dendritic cells; inflammation; macrophages; mice; pathogens; small intestine
Abstract:: ... Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX₃CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample lumin ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1102901
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102901

22. Characterization of the Helicobacter pylori Cysteine-Rich Protein A as a T-Helper Cell Type 1 Polarizing Agent

Author:: Deml, Ludwig; Aigner, Michael; Decker, Jochen; Eckhardt, Alexander; Schůtz, Christian; Mittl, Peer R. E.; Barabas, Sascha; Denk, Stefanie; Knoll, Gertrud; Lehn, Norbert; Schneider-Brachert, Wulf
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.8 pp. 4732-4742
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Helicobacter pylori; adaptive immunity; gastritis; immune response; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharides; mice; neutralizing antibodies; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; virulence
Abstract:: ... Predominant T-helper 1 (Th1) responses with increased gamma interferon (IFN-[gamma]) levels have been proposed to play an important role in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and peptic ulceration. However, bacterial factors contributing to the initiation of Th1 polarization of H. pylori-specific immune responses have not been characterized in detail thus far. We report here on the identificati ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4732-4742.2005
PubMed:: 16040986
PubMed Central:: PMC1201243
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.8.4732-4742.2005

23. Dendritic cell expansion occurs in mesenteric lymph nodes of B10.BR mice infected with the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris

Author:: Koichi Koyama
Source:: Parasitology research 2005 v.97 no.3 pp. 186-190
ISSN:: 0932-0113
Subject:: CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Trichuris muris; adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; digestive system; interleukin-10; interleukin-13; interleukin-4; lymph nodes; mice; parasites
Abstract:: ... Dendritic cells (DCs) are a crucial element in the immune system and bridge innate and adaptive immunity. CD11c⁺ B220⁻ DCs residing in Peyer’s patches (PPs) have the ability to produce interleukin 10 (IL-10) and induce T helper (Th2) development. Evidence suggests that CD11c⁺ B220⁻ DCs maintain the gut environment by suppressing Th1 responses with IL-10, resulting in a Th2-dominat gut environment. ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00436-005-1427-2
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1427-2

24. An Early Intestinal Mucosal Source of Gamma Interferon Is Associated with Resistance to and Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Mice

Author:: Leav, Brett A.; Yoshida, Masaru; Rogers, Kathleen; Cohen, Seth; Godiwala, Nihal; Blumberg, Richard S.; Ward, Honorine
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.12 pp. 8425-8428
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Cryptosporidium parvum; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; animal models; interferon-gamma; mice; pathogens; secretion
Abstract:: ... Resistance to and control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice in the absence of adaptive immunity appears to be gamma interferon (IFN-[gamma]) dependent. Using an IFN-[gamma]-neutralizing antibody in a murine model, we demonstrated increased susceptibility to infection within 24 h. We correlated this early resistance and control with increased mucosal expression of IFN-[gamma] and demonstr ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.12.8425-8428.2005
PubMed:: 16299343
PubMed Central:: PMC1307021
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.12.8425-8428.2005

25. Editing at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Author:: Turelli, Priscilla; Trono, Didier
Source:: Science 2005 v.307 no.5712 pp. 1061-1065
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: adaptive immunity; antibodies; enzymes; lipid metabolism; mammals; mitochondrial RNA; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; virus replication
Abstract:: ... Genetic information can be altered through the enzymatic modification of nucleotide sequences. This process, known as editing, was originally identified in the mitochondrial RNA of trypanosomes and later found to condition events as diverse as neurotransmission and lipid metabolism in mammals. Recent evidence reveals that editing enzymes may fulfill one of their most essential roles in the defense ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1105964
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105964

26. Establishment of Cloned Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Analysis of p44 Gene Conversion within an Infected Horse and Infected SCID Mice

Author:: Lin, Quan; Rikihisa, Yasuko
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.8 pp. 5106-5114
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: pseudogenes; alleles; loci; Rickettsia; adaptive immunity; gene conversion; mice; membrane proteins; methodology; antigenic variation; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; severe combined immunodeficiency; horses; B-lymphocytes
Abstract:: ... Diverse p44 alleles at the p44 expression locus (p44Es) encoding surface-exposed major membrane proteins, P44s, of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were hypothesized to be garnered by recombination to enact antigenic variation. However, this hypothesis has not been proven so far, due to inability to clone this obligate intragranulocytic rickettsia. To define the p44E recombination, we developed a novel m ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5106-5114.2005
PubMed:: 16041027
PubMed Central:: PMC1201200
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.8.5106-5114.2005

27. Giardia lamblia-Induced Changes in Gene Expression in Differentiated Caco-2 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Author:: Roxström-Lindquist, Katarina; Ringqvist, Emma; Palm, Daniel; Svärd, Staffan
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.12 pp. 8204-8208
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Giardia lamblia; adaptive immunity; chemokines; diarrhea; epithelial cells; gene expression regulation; genes; human cell lines; humans; inflammation; intestinal mucosa; microarray technology; parasites; pathogenesis; pathogens; stress response; transcriptome
Abstract:: ... The parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia is a worldwide cause of diarrhea, but the mechanism of disease remains elusive. The parasite colonizes the small intestinal epithelium, known to be a sensor for the presence of enteric pathogens, without invading or causing severe inflammation. In this study we investigated the epithelial cell response to G. lamblia. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were infected ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.12.8204-8208.2005
PubMed:: 16299316
PubMed Central:: PMC1307045
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.12.8204-8208.2005

28. Helicobacter pylori Induces Interleukin-8 Secretion by Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 5-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

Author:: Torok, Anastasia M.; Bouton, Amy H.; Goldberg, Joanna B.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.3 pp. 1523-1531
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Helicobacter pylori; adaptive immunity; adenocarcinoma; gastritis; humans; interleukin-8; mitogen-activated protein kinase; pathogens; phosphorylation; secretion; signal transduction; transcription factors
Abstract:: ... Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In response to H. pylori, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted from host cells to attract components of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the site of infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR5 hav ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1523-1531.2005
PubMed:: 15731050
PubMed Central:: PMC1064968
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.3.1523-1531.2005

29. Host and Bacterial Factors Contributing to the Clearance of Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Model

Author:: van Rossum, Annemarie M. C.; Lysenko, Elena S.; Weiser, Jeffrey N.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.11 pp. 7718-7726
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Streptococcus pneumoniae; adaptive immunity; animal models; complement; humans; inflammation; interleukin-12; interleukin-4; major histocompatibility complex; mice; nasopharynx; severe combined immunodeficiency
Abstract:: ... Nasopharyngeal colonization is the first step in the interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) and its human host. Factors that contribute to clearance of colonization are likely to affect the spread of the pneumococcus and the rate of pneumococcal disease in the population. To identify host and bacterial factors contributing to this process, we examined the time course of co ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.11.7718-7726.2005
PubMed:: 16239576
PubMed Central:: PMC1273875
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.11.7718-7726.2005

30. Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut

Author:: MacDonald, Thomas T.; Monteleone, Giovanni
Source:: Science 2005 v.307 no.5717 pp. 1920-1925
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: adaptive immunity; antigens; digestive system; epithelium; genes; homeostasis; hypersensitivity; immune system; inflammation; mice; microorganisms; mutation; pathogens; permeability
Abstract:: ... The gut immune system has the challenge of responding to pathogens while remaining relatively unresponsive to food antigens and the commensal microflora. In the developed world, this ability appears to be breaking down, with chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut commonplace in the apparent absence of overt infections. In both mouse and man, mutations in genes that control innate immune recognit ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1106442
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106442

31. The Innate Immune System Is Activated by Stimulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1

Author:: Peterson, Marnie L.; Ault, Kevin; Kremer, Mary J.; Klingelhutz, Aloysius J.; Davis, Catherine C.; Squier, Christopher A.; Schlievert, Patrick M.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.4 pp. 2164-2174
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Staphylococcus aureus; adaptive immunity; bacteria; bacterial toxins; chemokines; coculture; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epithelial cells; exotoxins; gene expression regulation; genes; humans; innate immunity; lymphocytes; microarray technology; permeability; receptors; septic shock; swine; toxicity; vaginal mucosa
Abstract:: ... Despite knowledge of the effects of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin 1 (TSST-1) on the adaptive immune system, little is known about stimulation of the innate immune system, particularly epithelial cells. This study investigated the interactions of TSS Staphylococcus aureus and TSST-1 with human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs) and porcine mucosal surfaces. When cocultured with HVECs for 6 h, TSS ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2164-2174.2005
PubMed:: 15784559
PubMed Central:: PMC1087460
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2164-2174.2005

32. Interleukin-17/Interleukin-17 Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Important for Generation of an Optimal Polymorphonuclear Response against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Author:: Kelly, Michelle N.; Kolls, Jay K.; Happel, Kyle; Schwartzman, Joseph D.; Schwarzenberger, Paul; Combe, Crescent; Moretto, Magali; Khan, Imtiaz A.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.1 pp. 617-621
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Toxoplasma gondii; adaptive immunity; mice; mortality; neutrophils; parasites
Abstract:: ... We investigated the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-17 receptor (IL-17R)-mediated signaling in the protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. IL-17R[superscript -/-] mice developed a normal adaptive immunity against the parasite. However, increased mortality in the knockout animals can be attributed to a defect in the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to infected sites during early i ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.1.617-621.2005
PubMed:: 15618203
PubMed Central:: PMC538931
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.1.617-621.2005

33. Intranasal Interleukin-12 Treatment for Protection against Respiratory Infection with the Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain

Author:: Duckett, Nathalie S.; Olmos, Sofia; Durrant, Douglas M.; Metzger, Dennis W.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.4 pp. 2306-2311
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; Francisella tularensis; adaptive immunity; bacteria; humans; induced resistance; interferon-gamma; interleukin-12; lethal dose; liver; lungs; mice; microbial load; respiratory tract diseases; spleen; tularemia
Abstract:: ... Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium that can induce lethal respiratory infection in humans and rodents. However, little is known about the role of innate or adaptive immunity in protection from respiratory tularemia. In the present study, the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in inducing protective immunity in the lungs against intranasal infection of mice with the live ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2306-2311.2005
PubMed:: 15784575
PubMed Central:: PMC1087453
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2306-2311.2005

34. The Natural Killer Complex Regulates Severe Malarial Pathogenesis and Influences Acquired Immune Responses to Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Author:: Hansen, Diana S.; Evans, Krystal J.; D'Ombrain, Marthe C.; Bernard, Nicholas J.; Sexton, Adrienne C.; Buckingham, Lynn; Scalzo, Anthony A.; Schofield, Louis
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.4 pp. 2288-2297
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Plasmodium berghei; adaptive immunity; alleles; anemia; antibody formation; edema; genotype; humans; loci; malaria; mice; morbidity; mortality; natural killer cells; parasitemia; parasites; pathogenesis; receptors; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:: ... The natural killer complex (NKC) is a genetic region of highly linked genes encoding several receptors involved in the control of NK cell function. The NKC is highly polymorphic, and allelic variability of various NKC loci has been demonstrated in inbred mice. Making use of BALB.B6-Cmv1[superscript r] congenic mice, in which the NKC from disease-susceptible C57BL/6 mice has been introduced into th ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2288-2297.2005
PubMed:: 15784573
PubMed Central:: PMC1087422
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2288-2297.2005

35. Nod2-Dependent Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Intestinal Tract

Author:: Kobayashi, Koichi S.; Chamaillard, Mathias; Ogura, Yasunori; Henegariu, Octavian; Inohara, Naohiro; Nuñez, Gabriel; Flavell, Richard A.
Source:: Science 2005 v.307 no.5710 pp. 731-734
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: Crohn disease; adaptive immunity; antimicrobial peptides; bacterial infections; genes; intestines; intravenous injection; mice; mutation; patients
Abstract:: ... The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod2-deficient mice. These animals are susceptible to bacterial infection via the oral route but not through intraven ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1104911
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104911

36. Oral Mucosal Endotoxin Tolerance Induction in Chronic Periodontitis

Author:: Muthukuru, Manoj; Jotwani, Ravi; Cutler, Christopher W.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.2 pp. 687-694
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Escherichia coli; Gram-negative bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis; adaptive immunity; chronic diseases; gene expression regulation; gingiva; homeostasis; humans; immune response; in vitro studies; inflammation; innate immunity; interleukin-1; interleukin-10; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; lipopolysaccharides; messenger RNA; monocytes; mucosa; patients; people; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; receptors; secretion; t-test; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... The oral mucosa is exposed to a high density and diversity of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but very little is known about how immune homeostasis is maintained in this environment, particularly in the inflammatory disease chronic periodontitis (CP). The cells of the innate immune response recognize bacterial structures via the Toll-like receptors (TLR). This activates intracellular sig ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.2.687-694.2005
PubMed:: 15664906
PubMed Central:: PMC547058
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.2.687-694.2005

37. PDK1 Nucleates T Cell Receptor-Induced Signaling Complex for NF-[kappa]B Activation

Author:: Lee, Ki-Young; D'Acquisto, Fulvio; Hayden, Matthew S.; Shim, Jae-Hyuck; Ghosh, Sankar
Source:: Science 2005 v.308 no.5718 pp. 114-118
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: IKappaB kinase; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; caspases; cell proliferation; lipids; protein kinase C; scaffolding proteins; signal transduction; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; ubiquitination
Abstract:: ... Activation of the transcription factor NF-[kappa]B after engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) is important for T cell proliferation and activation during the adaptive immune response. Recent reports have elucidated a signaling pathway that involves the protein kinase C {theta} (PKC{theta}), the scaffold protein CARD11 (also called CARMA-1), the caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing prote ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1107107
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1107107

38. A Point of View: HIV-1/AIDS is an Allergy but CpG ODN Treatments may Inhibit Virus Replication and Reactivate the Adaptive Immunity – Hypothesis and Implications

Author:: Yechiel Becker
Source:: Virus genes 2005 v.30 no.1 pp. 127-131
ISSN:: 0920-8569
Subject:: B-lymphocytes; HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; adaptive immunity; allergens; hematopoietic stem cells; hypersensitivity; immunoglobulin E; interferons; interleukin-4; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; patients; virus replication
Abstract:: ... Reevaluation of the increase in the levels of IgE and IL-4 in sera of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients led to the suggestion that AIDS resembles allergy. Studies on the properties of the viral shed gp120 revealed that it resemble environmental allergens in their ability to induce hematopoietic cells to release large amounts of Th2 cytokines, inhibitors of the patients adaptive immune response. Yet ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s11262-004-4590-0
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-004-4590-0

39. Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Primates by Using Synthetic Type D/A Oligodeoxynucleotides Expressing CpG Motifs

Author:: Flynn, Barbara; Wang, Vivian; Sacks, David L.; Seder, Robert A; Verthelyi, Daniela
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.8 pp. 4948-4954
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: DNA; Leishmania major; Macaca; adaptive immunity; clinical trials; cutaneous leishmaniasis; morbidity; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; skin lesions; vaccine adjuvants
Abstract:: ... Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs mimic microbial DNA and are recognized by toll-like receptor 9 on immune cells. The resulting response limits the early spread of infectious organisms and promotes the development of adaptive immunity. In this regard, CpG ODN show promise as immunoprotective agents and as vaccine adjuvants. Previous studies of nonhuman primates showed that administ ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4948-4954.2005
PubMed:: 16041009
PubMed Central:: PMC1201230
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.8.4948-4954.2005

40. The Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Encoded Type III Secretion Systems Can Translocate Chlamydia trachomatis Proteins into the Cytosol of Host Cells

Author:: Ho, Theresa D.; Starnbach, Michael N.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.2 pp. 905-911
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: epitopes; pathogenicity islands; adaptive immunity; serotypes; Salmonella Typhimurium; Chlamydia trachomatis; blindness; cytosol; virulence; type III secretion system; bacterial proteins; genes; mammals; nucleotide sequences; Yersinia; pathogens
Abstract:: ... Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate, intracellular pathogen that is a major cause of preventable blindness and infertility worldwide. Although the published genome sequence suggests that C. trachomatis encodes a type III secretion system, the lack of genetic tools for studying Chlamydia has hindered the examination of this potentially important class of virulence genes. We have developed a techni ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.2.905-911.2005
PubMed:: 15664932
PubMed Central:: PMC547017
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.2.905-911.2005

41. Staphylococcus aureus Deficient in Lipidation of Prelipoproteins Is Attenuated in Growth and Immune Activation

Author:: Stoll, Hartmut; Dengjel, Jörn; Nerz, Christiane; Götz, Friedrich
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.4 pp. 2411-2423
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus; adaptive immunity; bacterial antigens; bacterial proteins; blood; cell walls; chemokines; epitopes; fractionation; gene deletion; glycosyltransferases; host-pathogen relationships; humans; immune response; lipoproteins; microbial growth; mutants; peptidylprolyl isomerase; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... A lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (lgt) deletion mutant of Staphylococcus aureus SA113 was constructed. The lipoprotein and prelipoprotein expression, the growth behavior, and the ability of the mutant to elicit an immune response in various host cells were studied. In the wild type, the majority of [¹⁴C]palmitate-labeled lipoproteins were located in the membrane fraction, although some lip ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2411-2423.2005
PubMed:: 15784587
PubMed Central:: PMC1087423
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.4.2411-2423.2005

42. Structural and Genetic Diversity of Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides

Author:: Cieslewicz, Michael J.; Chaffin, Donald; Glusman, Gustavo; Kasper, Dennis; Madan, Anup; Rodrigues, Stephani; Fahey, Jessica; Wessels, Michael R.; Rubens, Craig E.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.5 pp. 3096-3103
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: DNA; Streptococcus agalactiae; adaptive immunity; amino acid sequences; antigenic variation; enzymes; evolution; genes; horizontal gene transfer; human diseases; mutagenesis; nucleotide sequences; polysaccharides; proteins; serotypes; virulence
Abstract:: ... Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen of neonates, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. GBS isolates associated with human infection produce one of nine antigenically distinct capsular polysaccharides which are thought to play a key role in virulence. A comparison of GBS polysaccharide structures of all nine known GBS serotypes together with the predicted amino acid se ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.5.3096-3103.2005
PubMed:: 15845517
PubMed Central:: PMC1087335
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.5.3096-3103.2005

43. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates the Proinflammatory Milieu in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Brain Abscess

Author:: Kielian, Tammy; Haney, Anessa; Mayes, Patrick M.; Garg, Sarita; Esen, Nilufer
Source:: Infection and immunity 2005 v.73 no.11 pp. 7428-7435
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Staphylococcus aureus; T-lymphocytes; abscess; adaptive immunity; blood-brain barrier; brain; low density lipoprotein; macrophages; mice; mortality; nitric oxide synthase; pathogenesis; pathogens; permeability; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that plays an important role in innate immune recognition of conserved structural motifs on a wide array of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. To ascertain the functional significance of TLR2 in the context of central nervous system (CNS) parenchymal infection, we evaluated the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced experiment ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.73.11.7428-7435.2005
PubMed:: 16239543
PubMed Central:: PMC1273898
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.11.7428-7435.2005

44. CD27 mediates interleukin-2-independent clonal expansion of the CD8⁺ T cell without effector differentiation

Author:: Carr, James M.; Carrasco, Marlene J.; Thaventhiran, James E.D.; Bambrough, Paul J.; Kraman, Matthew; Edwards, Alexander D.; Al-Shamkhani, Aymen; Fearon, Douglas T.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 v.103 no.51 pp. 19454-19459
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: CD8-positive T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; cell viability; cytotoxicity; interferon-gamma; interleukin-2; interleukin-7
Abstract:: ... The clonal expansion of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in response to microbial infections is essential for adaptive immunity. Although IL-2 has been considered to be primarily responsible for this process, quantitatively normal expansion occurs in the absence of IL-2 receptor signaling. Here, we show that ligating CD27 on CD8⁺ T cells that have been stimulated through the T cell receptor causes th ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0609706104
PubMed:: 17159138
PubMed Central:: PMC1697827
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609706104

45. CD4⁺-T-Cell Effector Functions and Costimulatory Requirements Essential for Surviving Mucosal Infection with Citrobacter rodentium

Author:: Bry, Lynn; Brigl, Manfred; Brenner, Michael B.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.1 pp. 673-681
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Citrobacter rodentium; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; colon; death; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; interferon-gamma; interleukin-4; mice; pathogens
Abstract:: ... Citrobacter rodentium causes an attaching and effacing infection of the mouse colon. Surprisingly, protective adaptive immunity against this mucosal pathogen requires a systemic T-cell-dependent antibody response. To define CD4⁺ T-cell effector functions promoting this systemic defense of infected epithelial surfaces, studies were undertaken in weaning-age mice lacking costimulatory molecules CD28 ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.1.673-681.2006
PubMed:: 16369024
PubMed Central:: PMC1346620
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.1.673-681.2006

46. Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Mice with Limited Enteric Flora

Author:: Chang, Christopher; Miller, Jeff F.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.9 pp. 5261-5271
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Campylobacter jejuni; adaptive immunity; animal models; cecum; chemotaxis; colon; flora; genes; histidine kinase; inflammation; intestinal microorganisms; mice; mutants; mutation; severe combined immunodeficiency; stomach; virulence
Abstract:: ... We have developed experimental murine Campylobacter infection models which demonstrate efficient establishment and reproducible, high-level colonization. Following oral inoculation, wild-type C3H mice with normal enteric flora were colonized inconsistently and inefficiently by C. jejuni strain 81-176. However, C3H mice with a limited gut flora (LF) were efficiently colonized at high levels (10⁸ CF ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01094-05
PubMed:: 16926420
PubMed Central:: PMC1594848
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01094-05

47. A Critical Role for the Innate Immune Signaling Molecule IRAK-4 in T Cell Activation

Author:: Suzuki, Nobutaka; Suzuki, Shinobu; Millar, Douglas G.; Unno, Midori; Hara, Hiromitsu; Calzascia, Thomas; Yamasaki, Sho; Yokosuka, Tadashi; Chen, Nien-Jung; Elford, Alisha R.; Suzuki, Jun-ichiro; Takeuchi, Arata; Mirtsos, Christine; Bouchard, Denis; Ohashi, Pamela S.; Yeh, Wen-Chen; Saito, Takashi
Source:: Science 2006 v.311 no.5769 pp. 1927-1932
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; innate immunity; lipids; protein kinase C; signal transduction
Abstract:: ... IRAK-4 is a protein kinase that is pivotal in mediating signals for innate immune responses. Here, we report that IRAK-4 signaling is also essential for eliciting adaptive immune responses. Thus, in the absence of IRAK-4, in vivo T cell responses were significantly impaired. Upon T cell receptor stimulation, IRAK-4 is recruited to T cell lipid rafts, where it induces downstream signals, including ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1124256
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124256

48. Ectoparasites and age-dependent survival in a desert rodent

Author:: Hadas Hawlena; Zvika Abramsky; Boris R. Krasnov
Source:: Oecologia 2006 v.148 no.1 pp. 30-39
ISSN:: 0029-8549
Subject:: Gerbillus; adaptive immunity; adults; adverse effects; ectoparasites; gerbils; host-parasite relationships; hosts; insecticides; juveniles; mortality; parasitism; probability; surface area
Abstract:: ... Host age is one of the key factors in host–parasite relationships as it possibly affects infestation levels, parasite-induced mortality of a host, and parasite distribution among host individuals. We tested two alternative hypotheses about infestation pattern and survival under parasitism in relation to host age. The first hypothesis assumes that parasites are recruited faster than they die and, t ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00442-005-0345-4
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0345-4

49. Entamoeba histolytica Infection in Children and Protection from Subsequent Amebiasis

Author:: Haque, Rashidul; Mondal, Dinesh; Duggal, Priya; Kabir, Mamun; Roy, Shantanu; Farr, Barry M.; Sack, R. Bradley; Petri, William A.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.2 pp. 904-909
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Entamoeba histolytica; adaptive immunity; amebiasis; dysentery; immunoglobulin A; lectins; observational studies; preschool children; Bangladesh
Abstract:: ... The contribution of amebiasis to the burden of diarrheal disease in children and the degree to which immunity is acquired from natural infection were assessed in a 4-year prospective observational study of 289 preschool children in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Entamoeba histolytica infection was detected at least once in 80%, and repeat infection in 53%, of the children who completed 4 year ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.2.904-909.2006
PubMed:: 16428733
PubMed Central:: PMC1360358
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.2.904-909.2006

50. Escherichia coli Prevents Phagocytosis-Induced Death of Macrophages via Classical NF-κB Signaling, a Link to T-Cell Activation

Author:: Groesdonk, Heinrich V.; Schlottmann, Silke; Richter, Friederike; Georgieff, Michael; Senftleben, Uwe
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.10 pp. 5989-6000
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Escherichia coli; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; apoptosis; bacteria; coculture; death; inflammation; macrophage activation; macrophages; membrane potential; reactive oxygen species
Abstract:: ... NF-κB is a crucial mediator of macrophage inflammatory responses, but its role in the context of pathogen-induced adaptive immune responses has yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that classical NF-κB activation delays phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) in Raw 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon ingestion of bacteria from the Escherichia coli laboratory strain Top10. ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00138-06
PubMed:: 16988278
PubMed Central:: PMC1594883
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00138-06

51. Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for Immunization against Lethal Respiratory Challenge with Yersinia pestis

Author:: Honko, Anna N.; Sriranganathan, Nammalwar; Lees, Cynthia J.; Mizel, Steven B.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.2 pp. 1113-1120
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Macaca fascicularis; Salmonella; Yersinia pestis; adaptive immunity; agonists; antibodies; antigens; chemokines; flagellin; immunoglobulin E; immunoglobulin G; innate immunity; interferons; interleukin-6; mice; nitric oxide; plague; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; vaccination
Abstract:: ... Gram-negative flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, is a potent inducer of innate immune effectors such as cytokines and nitric oxide. In the lung, flagellin induces a localized and transient innate immune response characterized by neutrophil infiltration and the production of cytokines and chemokines. In view of the extraordinary potency of flagellin as an inducer of innate immunity a ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.2.1113-1120.2006
PubMed:: 16428759
PubMed Central:: PMC1360354
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.2.1113-1120.2006

52. Flagellin-Independent Regulation of Chemokine Host Defense in Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Intestinal Epithelium

Author:: Johanesen, Priscilla A.; Dwinell, Michael B.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.6 pp. 3437-3447
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Campylobacter jejuni; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; adaptive immunity; bacteria; campylobacteriosis; chemoattractants; chemokines; dendritic cells; epithelial cells; flagellin; gene expression regulation; humans; immunocytes; intestinal mucosa; pathogenesis; secretion; transcription (genetics); virulence
Abstract:: ... Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrheal disease throughout the world and the most frequent antecedent of autoimmune neuropathy Guillain-Barré syndrome. While infection is associated with immune memory, little is known regarding the role of the epithelium in targeting dendritic cells (DC) for initiating the appropriate adaptive immune response to C. jejuni. The obj ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01740-05
PubMed:: 16714574
PubMed Central:: PMC1479283
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01740-05

53. Genomic Insights into the Immune System of the Sea Urchin

Author:: Rast, Jonathan P.; Smith, L. Courtney; Loza-Coll, Mariano; Hibino, Taku; Litman, Gary W.
Source:: Science 2006 v.314 no.5801 pp. 952-956
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: Chordata; Echinoidea; Toll-like receptors; adaptive immunity; genes; immune system; oligomerization; vertebrates
Abstract:: ... Comparative analysis of the sea urchin genome has broad implications for the primitive state of deuterostome host defense and the genetic underpinnings of immunity in vertebrates. The sea urchin has an unprecedented complexity of innate immune recognition receptors relative to other animal species yet characterized. These receptor genes include a vast repertoire of 222 Toll-like receptors, a super ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1134301
PubMed:: 17095692
PubMed Central:: PMC3707132
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134301

54. ICP0 antagonizes Stat 1-dependent repression of herpes simplex virus: implications for the regulation of viral latency

Author:: William P Halford; Carla Weisend; Jennifer Grace; Mark Soboleski; Daniel JJ Carr; John W Balliet; Yumi Imai; Todd P Margolis; Bryan M Gebhardt
Source:: Virology journal 2006 v.3 no.1 pp. 44
ISSN:: 1743-422X
Subject:: Human alphaherpesvirus 1; adaptive immunity; antagonists; death; genome; herpes simplex; innate immunity; live vaccines; loci; transcription factors; ubiquitin-protein ligase; virus replication; viruses
Abstract:: ... BACKGROUND: The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is encoded within the HSV-1 latency-associated locus. When ICP0 is not synthesized, the HSV-1 genome is acutely susceptible to cellular repression. Reciprocally, when ICP0 is synthesized, viral replication is efficiently initiated from virions or latent HSV-1 genomes. The current study was initiated t ...
DOI:: 10.1186/1743-422X-3-44
: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-3-44

55. Immunization Enhances Inflammation and Tissue Destruction in Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis

Author:: Leone, Cataldo W.; Bokhadhoor, Haneen; Kuo, David; Desta, Tesfahun; Yang, Julia; Siqueira, Michelle F.; Amar, Salomon; Graves, Dana T.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.4 pp. 2286-2292
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Porphyromonas gingivalis; adaptive immunity; apoptosis; bone resorption; chemokines; fibroblasts; gene expression; genes; immune response; immunization; inflammation; innate immunity; interferon-gamma; interleukin-6; messenger RNA; mice; models; periodontal diseases; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:: ... It is well established that host-bacterium interactions play a critical role in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. By the use of inhibitors, it has been shown that mediators associated with the innate immune response significantly contribute to the disease process. Less is known regarding the role of the acquired immune response. To investigate mechanisms by which the acquired ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.4.2286-2292.2006
PubMed:: 16552059
PubMed Central:: PMC1418897
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.4.2286-2292.2006

56. The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to Trichuris muris Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response

Author:: deSchoolmeester, Matthew L.; Manku, Harinder; Else, Kathryn J.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.11 pp. 6280-6286
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Trichuris muris; adaptive immunity; burrowing; chemokines; epithelial cells; gene expression; immune response; interferon-gamma; interleukin-4; intestinal mucosa; messenger RNA; mice; signal transduction; tumor necrosis factors
Abstract:: ... Trichuris muris resides in intimate contact with its host, burrowing within cecal epithelial cells. However, whether the enterocyte itself responds innately to T. muris is unknown. This study investigated for the first time whether colonic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce cytokines or chemokines following T. muris infection and whether divergence of the innate response could explain diffe ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01609-05
PubMed:: 17057095
PubMed Central:: PMC1695505
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01609-05

57. Molecular Identification, Polymorphism, and Expression Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class IIA and B Genes of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Author:: Yu-Xi Zhang; Song-Lin Chen
Source:: Marine biotechnology 2006 v.8 no.6 pp. 611-623
ISSN:: 1436-2228
Subject:: Cichlidae; Danio rerio; Ginglymostoma cirratum; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Pagrus major; Paralichthys olivaceus; Salmo salar; Scophthalmus maximus; T-lymphocytes; Vibrio anguillarum; adaptive immunity; alleles; amino acid sequences; bacteria; bass; carp; complementary DNA; flounder; humans; kidneys; liver; loci; major histocompatibility complex; messenger RNA; mice; nucleotide sequences; peptides; rapid amplification of cDNA ends; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; spleen; tissues; turbot
Abstract:: ... Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II has a central role in the adaptive immune system by presenting foreign peptides to the T-cell receptor. The full lengths of MHC class II A and B cDNA were cloned from turbot by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR), and genomic organization, molecular polymorphism, and expression of turbot class II ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s10126-005-6174-y
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-005-6174-y

58. Monoclonal Antibody Detection of CD46 Clustering beneath Neisseria gonorrhoeae Microcolonies

Author:: Weyand, Nathan J.; Lee, Shaun W.; Higashi, Dustin L.; Cawley, Daniel; Yoshihara, Paul; So, Magdalene
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.4 pp. 2428-2435
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; adaptive immunity; antibody detection; epitopes; fluorescence microscopy; immunoblotting; monoclonal antibodies; pathogens; precipitin tests
Abstract:: ... CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), a complement-regulatory protein that participates in innate and acquired immunity, also serves as a receptor for viral and bacterial pathogens. CD46 isoforms terminate in one of two cytoplasmic tails, Cyt1 or Cyt2, which differ in signaling and trafficking properties. Dissecting the functions of the two cytoplasmic tails in these cellular processes has been hamper ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.4.2428-2435.2006
PubMed:: 16552073
PubMed Central:: PMC1418945
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.4.2428-2435.2006

59. Mycobacterium marinum Infection of Adult Zebrafish Causes Caseating Granulomatous Tuberculosis and Is Moderated by Adaptive Immunity

Author:: Swaim, Laura E.; Connolly, Lynn E.; Volkman, Hannah E.; Humbert, Olivier; Born, Donald E.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.11 pp. 6108-6117
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Danio rerio; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; adaptive immunity; adults; fish; host-pathogen relationships; humans; innate immunity; intraperitoneal injection; longitudinal studies; lymphocytes; macrophages; mice; models; mortality; mutants; necrosis; tuberculosis
Abstract:: ... The zebrafish, a genetically tractable model vertebrate, is naturally susceptible to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of the causative agent of human tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We previously developed a zebrafish embryo-M. marinum infection model to study host-pathogen interactions in the context of innate immunity. Here, we have constructed a f ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00887-06
PubMed:: 17057088
PubMed Central:: PMC1695491
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00887-06

60. PRRs in pathogen recognition

Author:: Satoshi Uematsu; Shizuo Akira
Source:: Open life sciences 2006 v.1 no.3 pp. 299-313
ISSN:: 2391-5412
Subject:: Protozoa; Toll-like receptors; adaptive immunity; bacteria; cytosol; fungi; innate immunity; lysosomes; pathogens; viruses
Abstract:: ... The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms before the development of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize specific structures of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors that sense a wide range of microorgani ...
DOI:: 10.2478/s11535-006-0024-4
: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-006-0024-4

61. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy—a review

Author:: Yechiel Becker
Source:: Virus genes 2006 v.33 no.2 pp. 235-252
ISSN:: 0920-8569
Subject:: CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; adaptive immunity; allergens; antibodies; antiviral agents; basophils; biomarkers; blood serum; chemokine CX3CL1; children; clinical trials; elderly; eosinophils; epithelial cells; genes; glycoproteins; hematopoietic stem cells; histamine; humans; hypersensitivity; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin E; immunoglobulin G; infants; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-13; interleukin-2; interleukin-4; interleukin-5; lungs; mast cells; monocytes; pathogenicity; patients; prostaglandins; researchers; respiratory tract diseases; vaccines; viruses
Abstract:: ... Infection of infants in their first year of life, children and elderly people with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) endangers the life of the patient. An attempt to develop a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine during the 1960s resulted in an aggravated infection in immunized children, leading to hospitalization, while infection of non-immunized children produced much milder symptoms. T ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s11262-006-0064-x
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0064-x

62. Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-induced allergy may be controlled by IL-4 and CX3C fractalkine antagonists and CpG ODN as adjuvant: hypothesis and implications for treatment

Author:: Yechiel Becker
Source:: Virus genes 2006 v.33 no.2 pp. 253-264
ISSN:: 0920-8569
Subject:: Toll-like receptors; adaptive immunity; adjuvants; antagonists; blood serum; chemokine CX3CL1; cytotoxicity; dendritic cells; genes; hypersensitivity; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin E; immunoglobulin G; interferon-alpha; interleukin-4; leukocytes; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; patients; vaccine development; viruses
Abstract:: ... Based on the hypothesis that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sG protein causes allergy in patients, it is suggested that treatment of RSV patients with antagonists of IL-4 and FKN early in infection will prevent the increased level of IL-4 in the serum. Together with CpG ODNs that induce Toll-like receptor 9⁺ (TLR9⁺) plasmacytoid dendritic cells to release type I IFN-α and -β will reactivate the ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s11262-006-0063-y
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0063-y

63. Role of Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Innate and Adaptive Protective Immunity to Larval Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

Author:: Galioto, Ann Marie; Hess, Jessica A.; Nolan, Thomas J.; Schad, Gerhard A.; Lee, James J.; Abraham, David
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.10 pp. 5730-5738
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Strongyloides stercoralis; adaptive immunity; eosinophils; immune response; innate immunity; larvae; mice; monoclonal antibodies; neutrophils
Abstract:: ... The goal of this study was to determine the roles of eosinophils and neutrophils in innate and adaptive protective immunity to larval Strongyloides stercoralis in mice. The experimental approach used was to treat mice with an anti-CCR3 monoclonal antibody to eliminate eosinophils or to use CXCR2-/- mice, which have a severe neutrophil recruitment defect, and then determine the effect of the reduct ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01958-05
PubMed:: 16988250
PubMed Central:: PMC1594891
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01958-05

64. Susceptibility of Prostate Epithelial Cells to Chlamydia muridarum Infection and Their Role in Innate Immunity by Recruitment of Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors 4 and 2 and MyD88 to the Inclusion

Author:: Mackern-Oberti, Juan Pablo; Maccioni, Mariana; Cuffini, Cecilia; Gatti, Gerardo; Rivero, Virginia E.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.12 pp. 6973-6981
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Chlamydia muridarum; adaptive immunity; chemokines; epithelial cells; genes; immune response; innate immunity; male genitalia; males; models; pathogens; rats; receptors
Abstract:: ... Although Chlamydia infections are widespread throughout the world, data about immunopathogenesis of genitourinary tract infections in males are very limited. In the present work we present an in vitro model of male genital tract-derived epithelial cells, more precisely prostate epithelial cells (PEC), to analyze if they are susceptible and able to respond to Chlamydia muridarum infection. Our resu ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00593-06
PubMed:: 16954392
PubMed Central:: PMC1698045
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00593-06

65. TprK Sequence Diversity Accumulates during Infection of Rabbits with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols Strain

Author:: LaFond, Rebecca E.; Centurion-Lara, Arturo; Godornes, Charmie; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Lukehart, Sheila A.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.3 pp. 1896-1906
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Treponema pallidum; adaptive immunity; antigenic variation; bacteria; genes; inoculum; rabbits
Abstract:: ... The tprK gene in Treponema pallidum undergoes antigenic variation. In all T. pallidum isolates examined to date, except the Nichols type strain, heterogeneous tprK sequences have been identified. This heterogeneity is localized to seven variable (V) regions, and tprK sequence diversity accumulates with serial passage in naïve rabbits. The T. pallidum Nichols genome described a single tprK sequenc ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.3.1896-1906.2006
PubMed:: 16495565
PubMed Central:: PMC1418662
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.3.1896-1906.2006

66. Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome

Author:: Galon, Jérôme; Costes, Anne; Sanchez-Cabo, Fatima; Kirilovsky, Amos; Mlecnik, Bernhard; Lagorce-Pagès, Christine; Tosolini, Marie; Camus, Matthieu; Berger, Anne; Wind, Philippe; Zinzindohoué, Franck; Bruneval, Patrick; Cugnenc, Paul-Henri; Trajanoski, Zlatko; Fridman, Wolf-Herman; Pagès, Franck
Source:: Science 2006 v.313 no.5795 pp. 1960-1964
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: adaptive immunity; colorectal neoplasms; gene expression regulation; histopathology; humans; immunohistochemistry; patients; staining
Abstract:: ... The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor sample ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1129139
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129139

67. Yersinia pestis YopJ Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induction and Contributes to Apoptosis of Immune Cells in the Lymph Node but Is Not Required for Virulence in a Rat Model of Bubonic Plague

Author:: Lemaître, Nadine; Sebbane, Florent; Long, Daniel; Joseph Hinnebusch, B.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.9 pp. 5126-5131
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: plague; Yersinia pestis; blood serum; adaptive immunity; macrophages; signal transduction; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; spleen; animal models; type III secretion system; mutants; pathogenesis; lymph nodes; virulence; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; apoptosis
Abstract:: ... The virulence of the pathogenic Yersinia species depends on a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system that transfers six Yop effector proteins into host cells. One of these proteins, YopJ, has been shown to disrupt host cell signaling pathways involved in proinflammatory cytokine production and to induce macrophage apoptosis in vitro. YopJ-dependent apoptosis in mesenteric lymph nodes has also b ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00219-06
PubMed:: 16926404
PubMed Central:: PMC1594864
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00219-06

68. [gamma][delta] T Cells Regulate the Early Inflammatory Response to Bordetella pertussis Infection in the Murine Respiratory Tract

Author:: Zachariadis, O.; Cassidy, J. P.; Brady, J.; Mahon, B. P.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2006 v.74 no.3 pp. 1837-1845
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Bordetella pertussis; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; aerosols; albumins; distress; flow cytometry; genes; hemagglutinins; inflammation; macrophages; mice; models; myeloperoxidase; neutrophils; pneumonia; respiratory system; virulence
Abstract:: ... The role of [gamma][delta] T cells in the regulation of pulmonary inflammation following Bordetella pertussis infection was investigated. Using a well-characterized murine aerosol challenge model, inflammatory events in mice with targeted disruption of the T-cell receptor [delta]-chain gene ([gamma][delta] TCR[superscript -/-] mice) were compared with those in wild-type animals. Early following ch ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.74.3.1837-1845.2006
PubMed:: 16495558
PubMed Central:: PMC1418642
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.74.3.1837-1845.2006

69. A focused microarray approach to functional glycomics: transcriptional regulation of the glycome

Author:: Comelli, Elena M.; Head, Steven R.; Gilmartin, Tim; Whisenant, Thomas; Haslam, Stuart M.; North, Simon J.; Wong, Nyet-Kui; Kudo, Takashi; Narimatsu, Hisashi; Esko, Jeffrey D.; Drickamer, Kurt; Dell, Anne; Paulson, James C.
Source:: Glycobiology 2006 v.16 no.2 pp. 117-131
ISSN:: 0959-6658
Subject:: adaptive immunity; algorithms; biosynthesis; bone marrow; brain; genes; glucose transporters; glycomics; glycosidases; glycosylation; glycosyltransferases; humans; kidneys; knockout mutants; lectins; liver; lymph nodes; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; mice; microarray technology; oligosaccharides; proteoglycans; spleen; testes; thymus gland; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:: ... Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification of proteins, yet genes relevant to the synthesis of glycan structures and function are incompletely represented and poorly annotated on the commercially available arrays. To fill the need for expression analysis of such genes, we employed the Affymetrix technology to develop a focused and highly annotated glycogene-chip representing h ...
DOI:: 10.1093/glycob/cwj048
: https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwj048

70. Adaptive immunity in invertebrates: A straw house without a mechanistic foundation

Author:: Hauton, Chris; Smith, Valerie J.
Source:: BioEssays 2007 v.29 no.11 pp. 1138-1146
ISSN:: 0265-9247
Subject:: adaptive immunity; immunocompetence; innate immunity; invertebrates; reproductive performance; vertebrates
Abstract:: ... Recently claims have been made for radical new insights in the field of invertebrate immunology that involve memory, specificity and/or maternal transfer of immunocompetence. For evidence these claims rely on phenomena, such as survival or reproductive capacity, observed at the level of the whole organism. The allure of these apparently revelatory hypotheses is that they are contrary to establishe ...
DOI:: 10.1002/bies.20650
: https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20650

71. Analysis of proteomic profiles and functional properties of human peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells and the dendritic cell-like KG-1 cells reveals distinct characteristics

Author:: Claire Horlock; Farouk Shakib; Jafar Mahdavi; Nick S Jones; Herb F Sewell; Amir M Ghaemmaghami
Source:: Genome biology 2007 v.8 no.3 pp. 1512
ISSN:: 1474-760X
Subject:: actin; adaptive immunity; blood; cell growth; cytochrome c; cytokines; dendritic cells; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fibrinogen; functional properties; functional status; humans; immunological synapse; models; phenotype; proteomics
Abstract:: ... BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that play a pivotal role in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. Given the scarcity of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) investigators have used different model systems for studying DC biology. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and KG-1 cells are routinely used as mDC models, but a thorough co ...
DOI:: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r30
PubMed:: 17331236
PubMed Central:: PMC1868942
: https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2007-8-3-r30

72. Anti-asthmatic potential of a D-galactose-binding lectin from Synadenium carinatum latex

Author:: Rogerio, Alexandre P.; Cardoso, Cristina R.; Fontanari, Caroline; Souza, Maria A.; Afonso-Cardoso, Sandra R.; Silva, Érika VG; Koyama, Natalia S.; Basei, Fernanda L.; Soares, Edson G.; Calixto, João B.; Stowell, Sean R.; Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo; Faccioli, Lúcia H.
Source:: Glycobiology 2007 v.17 no.8 pp. 795-804
ISSN:: 0959-6658
Subject:: Euphorbia; IKappaB kinase; adaptive immunity; anti-inflammatory activity; asthma; immunomodulation; inflammation; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-5; latex; lectins; medicine; models; neutrophils; oral administration; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:: ... Extracts from the plant Synadenium carinatum latex are widely and indiscriminately used in popular medicine to treat a great number of inflammatory disorders and although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain undefined, the lectin isolated from S. carinatum latex (ScLL) is thought to be in part responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects. In order to elucidate possible immunoregulator ...
DOI:: 10.1093/glycob/cwm053
: https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwm053

73. Apoptotic cells protect mice from autoimmune inflammation by the induction of regulatory B cells

Author:: Gray, M.; Miles, K.; Salter, D.; Gray, D.; Savill, J.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.35 pp. 14080-14085
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: genetically modified organisms; adjuvants; ovalbumin; secretion; immunosuppression; adaptive immunity; antibodies; arthritis; inflammation; mice; interleukin-10; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; autoimmunity; apoptosis; B-lymphocytes
Abstract:: ... The maintenance of immune tolerance to apoptotic cells (AC) within an inflammatory milieu is vital to prevent autoimmunity. To investigate this, we administered syngeneic AC i.v. into mice carrying a cohort of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific transgenic T cells (DO11.10) along with OVA peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant, observing a dramatic increase in OVA-specific IL-10 secretion. Activated splenic ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0700326104
PubMed:: 17715067
PubMed Central:: PMC1955797
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700326104

74. Asymmetric T Lymphocyte Division in the Initiation of Adaptive Immune Responses

Author:: Chang, John T.; Palanivel, Vikram R.; Kinjyo, Ichiko; Schambach, Felix; Intlekofer, Andrew M.; Banerjee, Arnob; Longworth, Sarah A.; Vinup, Kristine E.; Mrass, Paul; Oliaro, Jane; Killeen, Nigel; Orange, Jordan S.; Russell, Sarah M.; Weninger, Wolfgang; Reiner, Steven L.
Source:: Science 2007 v.315 no.5819 pp. 1687-1691
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; cell division; exhibitions; mammals; memory; phenotype; proteins
Abstract:: ... A hallmark of mammalian immunity is the heterogeneity of cell fate that exists among pathogen-experienced lymphocytes. We show that a dividing T lymphocyte initially responding to a microbe exhibits unequal partitioning of proteins that mediate signaling, cell fate specification, and asymmetric cell division. Asymmetric segregation of determinants appears to be coordinated by prolonged interaction ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1139393
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139393

75. Attenuated Coxiella burnetii Phase II Causes a Febrile Response in Gamma Interferon Knockout and Toll-Like Receptor 2 Knockout Mice and Protects against Reinfection

Author:: Ochoa-Repáraz, Javier; Sentissi, Jami; Trunkle, Theresa; Riccardi, Carol; Pascual, David W.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.12 pp. 5845-5858
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Coxiella burnetii; Q fever; adaptive immunity; bacteria; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; host-pathogen relationships; inflammation; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharides; lymphocytes; macrophages; mice; temperature; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious obligate intracellular bacterium. The phase I form is responsible for Q fever, a febrile illness with flu-like symptoms that often goes undiagnosed. The attenuated C. burnetii phase II (having a truncated "O" chain of its lipopolysaccharide) does not cause disease in immunocompetent animals; however, phase II organisms remain infectious, and we questioned w ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00901-07
PubMed:: 17893129
PubMed Central:: PMC2168348
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00901-07

76. CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells induce alternative activation of human monocytes/macrophages

Author:: Tiemessen, Machteld M.; Jagger, Ann L.; Evans, Hayley G.; van Herwijnen, Martijn J.C.; John, Susan; Taams, Leonie S.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.49 pp. 19446-19451
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; chemokine CCL3; coculture; hemoglobin; humans; interleukin-10; interleukin-13; interleukin-1beta; interleukin-4; interleukin-6; interleukin-8; macrophages; mannose; monocytes; parasites; phagocytosis; phosphorylation; transcription factor NF-kappa B; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; tyrosine
Abstract:: ... CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent suppressors of the adaptive immune system, but their effects on innate immune cells are less well known. Here we demonstrate a previously uncharacterized function of Tregs, namely their ability to steer monocyte differentiation toward alternatively activated macrophages (AAM). AAM are cells with strong antiinflammatory potential involved in imm ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0706832104
PubMed:: 18042719
PubMed Central:: PMC2148309
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706832104

77. Cationic host defence peptides: Innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections

Author:: Mookherjee, N.; Hancock, R. E. W.
Source:: Cellular and molecular life sciences 2007 v.64 no.7-8 pp. 922-933
ISSN:: 1420-682X
Subject:: adaptive immunity; antibiotic resistance; defense mechanisms; infectious diseases; inflammation; innate immunity; pathogens; peptides; therapeutics
Abstract:: ... An increase in antibiotic resistance and the emergence of new pathogens has led to an urgent need for alternative approaches to infection management. Immunomodulatory molecules that do not target the pathogen directly, but rather selectively enhance and/or alter host defence mechanisms, are attractive candidates for therapeutic development. Natural cationic host defence peptides represent lead mol ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s00018-007-6475-6
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-007-6475-6

78. Characterization of glycans in the developmental stages of Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa), the causative agent of whirling disease

Author:: Kaltner, H.; Stippl, M.; Knaus, M.; El-Matbouli, M.
Source:: Journal of fish diseases 2007 v.30 no.11 pp. 637-647
ISSN:: 0140-7775
Subject:: Arachis hypogaea; Canavalia ensiformis; Datura stramonium; Dolichos; Erythrina; Griffonia simplicifolia; Lens culinaris; Maackia amurensis; Myxobolus cerebralis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Pisum sativum; Sambucus nigra; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; Solanum tuberosum; Styphnolobium japonicum; Tubifex tubifex; Ulex europaeus; active sites; adaptive immunity; adhesion; agglutinins; antigens; binding sites; complement; developmental stages; fish; fluorescence; lectins; life cycle assessment; parasites; peanuts; polymers; polysaccharides; spores; tissues; transmission electron microscopy; wheat; wheat germ; whirling disease
Abstract:: ... Glycans and sugar-binding molecules (lectins) form an interactive recognition system, which may enable parasitic organisms to adhere to host cells and migrate into target tissues. The aim of the present study was to analyse surface-associated glycans in the developmental stages of Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer), the causative agent of whirling disease. A panel of biotin-labelled plant lectins was us ...
DOI:: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00846.x
PubMed:: 17958607
: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00846.x

79. Characterization of the Antibody Response against Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 in Human Volunteers

Author:: Krause, Darren R.; Gatton, Michelle L.; Frankland, Sarah; Eisen, Damon P.; Good, Michael F.; Tilley, Leann; Cheng, Qin
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.12 pp. 5967-5973
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Plasmodium falciparum; adaptive immunity; antibodies; antigens; blood serum; erythrocytes; humans; immune response; immunoglobulin G; malaria; membrane proteins; parasitemia; tourists; volunteers
Abstract:: ... The immune response against the Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigen P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a key component of clinical immunity against falciparum malaria. In this study, we used sera from human volunteers who had been infected with the P. falciparum 3D7 strain to investigate the development, specificity, and dynamics of anti-PfEMP1 antibodies measured a ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00327-07
PubMed:: 17923524
PubMed Central:: PMC2168328
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00327-07

80. CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Treatment Enhances Innate Resistance and Acquired Immunity to African Trypanosomes

Author:: Harris, Tajie H.; Mansfield, John M.; Paulnock, Donna M.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.5 pp. 2366-2373
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: African trypanosomiasis; adaptive immunity; agonists; cell differentiation; immune response; interferon-gamma; mice; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; parasitemia; parasites
Abstract:: ... Relative resistance to African trypanosomiasis is based on the development of a type I cytokine response, which is partially dependent on innate immune responses generated through MyD88 and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Therefore, we asked whether enhancement of the immune response by artificial stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a TLR9 agonist, would result in enhanced protection aga ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01649-06
PubMed:: 17339353
PubMed Central:: PMC1865757
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01649-06

81. Differential CD28 and Inducible Costimulatory Molecule Signaling Requirements for Protective CD4⁺ T-Cell-Mediated Immunity against Genital Tract Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

Author:: Marks, Ellen; Verolin, Martina; Stensson, Anneli; Lycke, Nils
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.9 pp. 4638-4647
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Chlamydia trachomatis; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; antibodies; antibody formation; immunopathology; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; lymph nodes; messenger RNA; mice
Abstract:: ... Th1 cells and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production play critical roles in protective immunity against genital tract infections by Chlamydia trachomatis. Here we show that inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)⁻/⁻ mice develop greatly augmented host resistance against chlamydial infection. Protection following a primary infection was characterized by strong Th1 immunity with enhanced CD4⁺ T-cell-me ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00465-07
PubMed:: 17635872
PubMed Central:: PMC1951167
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00465-07

82. Differential Interaction of Dendritic Cells with Rickettsia conorii: Impact on Host Susceptibility to Murine Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis

Author:: Fang, Rong; Ismail, Nahed; Soong, Lynn; Popov, Vsevolod L.; Whitworth, Ted; Bouyer, Donald H.; Walker, David H.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.6 pp. 3112-3123
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Rickettsia conorii; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; cytosol; dendritic cells; endothelial cells; hosts; interferon-gamma; interleukin-12; interleukin-2; major histocompatibility complex; mice; microbial load; phagosomes; rickettsial diseases
Abstract:: ... Spotted fever group rickettsioses are emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, some of which are life-threatening. In order to understand how dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to the host resistance or susceptibility to rickettsial diseases, we first characterized the in vitro interaction of rickettsiae with bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from resistant C57BL/6 (B6) and susceptible C3H/HeN (C3 ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00007-07
PubMed:: 17403875
PubMed Central:: PMC1932850
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00007-07

83. Effects of a dietary application of a yeast cell wall extract on innate and acquired immunity, on oxidative status and growth performance in weanling piglets and on the ileal epithelium in fattened pigs

Author:: Sauerwein, H.; Schmitz, S.; Hiss, S.
Source:: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition 2007 v.91 no.9-10 pp. 369-380
ISSN:: 0931-2439
Subject:: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; antioxidant activity; cell walls; epithelium; feed intake; growth performance; haptoglobins; ileum; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin M; immunohistochemistry; immunomodulation; neutrophils; oxidative stress; phagocytosis; piglets; reactive oxygen species; slaughter; swine feeding; weanlings; yeasts
Abstract:: ... Potential immunomodulatory effects of a cell wall extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y; Antaferm MG) were tested in pigs: in trial I, 0.03% Y and in trial II 0.3% Y was used. Based on earlier observations that Y may increase feed intake, two treatment groups, Y-a (fed ad libitum) and Y-r (fed restrictively) were studied in comparison with a control group (C) in both trials. Y-r received the am ...
DOI:: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00663.x
: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00663.x

84. Epigenetic Flexibility Underlying Lineage Choices in the Adaptive Immune System

Author:: Kioussis, Dimitris; Georgopoulos, Katia
Source:: Science 2007 v.317 no.5838 pp. 620-622
ISSN:: 0036-8075
Subject:: adaptive immunity; chromatin; epigenetics; gene expression; immune system; models; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:: ... Although fundamental models have emerged in recent years describing how chromatin and transcription regulation interface with one another in the developing immune system, the order of events and their biological impact are still being resolved. Recent advances have provided a flexible, rather than static, view of chromatin regulation to reveal how both positive and negative forces work concomitant ...
DOI:: 10.1126/science.1143777
: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1143777

85. Evidence for a functional RNA element in the hepatitis C virus core gene

Author:: McMullan, Laura K.; Grakoui, Arash; Evans, Matthew J.; Mihalik, Kathleen; Puig, Montserrat; Branch, Andrea D.; Feinstone, Stephen M.; Rice, Charles M.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.8 pp. 2879-2884
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: stop codon; infectious diseases; Pan troglodytes; acute course; Hepatitis C virus; adaptive immunity; alanine transaminase; RNA replication; cell culture; phylogeny; viremia; viruses; genotype; mutants; polyproteins; RNA
Abstract:: ... In the core protein-coding region of hepatitis C virus (HCV), evidence exists for both phylogenetically conserved RNA structures and a +1 alternative reading frame (ARF). To investigate its role in HCV infection, we introduced four stop codons into the ARF of a genotype 1a H77 molecular clone. The changes did not alter the core protein sequence, but were predicted to disrupt RNA secondary structur ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0611267104
PubMed:: 17299041
PubMed Central:: PMC1815275
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611267104

86. Galectin-3 Modulates Immune and Inflammatory Responses during Helminthic Infection: Impact of Galectin-3 Deficiency on the Functions of Dendritic Cells

Author:: Breuilh, Laetitia; Vanhoutte, François; Fontaine, Josette; van Stijn, Caroline M.W.; Tillie-Leblond, Isabelle; Capron, Monique; Faveeuw, Christelle; Jouault, Thierry; van Die, Irma; Gosset, Philippe; Trottein, François
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.11 pp. 5148-5157
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: B-lymphocytes; Schistosoma; adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; glycoconjugates; immunomodulators; inflammation; lectins; liver; mice; models; schistosomiasis; spleen
Abstract:: ... Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding lectin that senses self-derived and microbial glycoconjugates. Although Gal-3 is important in immune reactions and host defense in some experimental models, the function of Gal-3 during helminthic diseases (e.g., schistosomiasis) is still elusive. We show that, compared to wild-type Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice, infected Gal-3⁻/⁻ m ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.02006-06
PubMed:: 17785480
PubMed Central:: PMC2168304
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.02006-06

87. Genome-wide association study for Crohn's disease in the Quebec Founder Population identifies multiple validated disease loci

Author:: Raelson, John V.; Little, Randall D.; Ruether, Andreas; Fournier, Hélène; Paquin, Bruno; Van Eerdewegh, Paul; Bradley, W.E.C.; Croteau, Pascal; Nguyen-Huu, Quynh; Segal, Jonathan; Debrus, Sophie; Allard, René; Rosenstiel, Philip; Franke, Andre; Jacobs, Gunnar; Nikolaus, Susanna; Vidal, Jean-Michel; Szego, Peter; Laplante, Nathalie; Clark, Hilary F.; Paulussen, René J.; Hooper, John W.; Keith, Tim P.; Belouchi, Abdelmajid; Schreiber, Stefan
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.37 pp. 14747-14752
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Crohn disease; adaptive immunity; alleles; defense mechanisms; founder effect; genome-wide association study; haplotypes; intracellular signaling peptides and proteins; loci; risk; Quebec
Abstract:: ... Genome-wide association (GWA) studies offer a powerful unbiased method for the identification of multiple susceptibility genes for complex diseases. Here we report the results of a GWA study for Crohn's disease (CD) using family trios from the Quebec Founder Population (QFP). Haplotype-based association analyses identified multiple regions associated with the disease that met the criteria for geno ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0706645104
PubMed:: 17804789
PubMed Central:: PMC1965486
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706645104

88. HIV-1 gp120 inhibits TLR9-mediated activation and IFN-α secretion in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Author:: Martinelli, Elena; Cicala, Claudia; Van Ryk, Donald; Goode, Diana J.; Macleod, Katilyn; Arthos, James; Fauci, Anthony S.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.9 pp. 3396-3401
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: CCR5 receptor; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; CXCR4 receptor; HIV infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Toll-like receptor 7; Toll-like receptor 9; adaptive immunity; cytokines; dendritic cells; immune response; interferon-alpha; natural killer cells; pathogens; secretion; viral load
Abstract:: ... Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. pDCs secrete type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines upon stimulation by either TLR7 or TLR9. Throughout the course of HIV infection, the production of type-I IFNs is profoundly impaired, and total pDC cell counts in peripheral blood correlates inversely with viral load and p ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0611353104
PubMed:: 17360657
PubMed Central:: PMC1805537
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611353104

89. Histamine is stored in mast cells of most evolutionarily advanced fish and regulates the fish inflammatory response

Author:: Mulero, Iván; Sepulcre, M. Pilar; Meseguer, José; García-Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero, Victoriano
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.49 pp. 19434-19439
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Perciformes; adaptive immunity; amphibians; evolution; fish; histamine; hydrogen; inflammation; innate immunity; mast cells; phagocytes; receptors; reptiles
Abstract:: ... Mast cells are important as initiators and effectors of innate immunity and regulate the adaptive immune responses. They have been described in all classes of vertebrates and seem to be morphologically and functionally similar. However, early studies had shown that fish and amphibian mast cells were devoid of histamine. In this study, we take a fresh look at the evolution of histamine and find tha ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0704535104
PubMed:: 18042725
PubMed Central:: PMC2148307
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704535104

90. Human β-defensin-3 activates professional antigen-presenting cells via Toll-like receptors 1 and 2

Author:: Funderburg, Nicholas; Lederman, Michael M.; Feng, Zhimin; Drage, Michael G.; Jadlowsky, Julie; Harding, Clifford V.; Weinberg, Aaron; Sieg, Scott F.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.47 pp. 18631-18635
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Toll-like receptor 1; Toll-like receptor 2; adaptive immunity; antimicrobial peptides; dendritic cells; humans; interleukin-1; microbial detection; monocytes; phosphorylation; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:: ... There is increasing evidence that innate and adaptive immune responses are intimately linked. This linkage is in part mediated through the recognition of conserved microbial products by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Detection of microbial products by TLRs can result in induction of inflammatory cytokines and activation of professional antigen-presenting cells, thereby enhancing adaptive immune respo ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0702130104
PubMed:: 18006661
PubMed Central:: PMC2141828
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702130104

91. Immunoglobulin G Antibody Reactivity to a Group A Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 and Protection from P. falciparum Malaria

Author:: Magistrado, Pamela A.; Lusingu, John; Vestergaard, Lasse S.; Lemnge, Martha; Lavstsen, Thomas; Turner, Louise; Hviid, Lars; Jensen, Anja T.R.; Theander, Thor G.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.5 pp. 2415-2420
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Plasmodium falciparum; adaptive immunity; antibodies; children; erythrocytes; genes; immunoglobulin G; malaria; membrane proteins; parasites; pathogenesis; surface antigens
Abstract:: ... Variant surface antigens (VSA) on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of malaria and are key targets for acquired immunity. The best-characterized VSA belong to the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. In areas where P. falciparum is endemic, parasites causing severe malaria and malaria in young children with ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00951-06
PubMed:: 17283085
PubMed Central:: PMC1865733
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00951-06

92. Influenza virus targets the mRNA export machinery and the nuclear pore complex

Author:: Satterly, Neal; Tsai, Pei-Ling; van Deursen, Jan; Nussenzveig, Daniel R.; Wang, Yaming; Faria, Paula A.; Levay, Agata; Levy, David E.; Fontoura, Beatriz M.A.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.6 pp. 1853-1858
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Influenza A virus; RNA transport; adaptive immunity; gene expression; gene expression regulation; influenza; interferons; mechanism of action; messenger RNA; nucleoporins; pathogenesis; signal transduction; virulence; virus replication
Abstract:: ... The NS1 protein of influenza A virus is a major virulence factor that is essential for pathogenesis. NS1 functions to impair innate and adaptive immunity by inhibiting host signal transduction and gene expression, but its mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. We show here that NS1 forms an inhibitory complex with NXF1/TAP, p15/NXT, Rae1/mrnp41, and E1B-AP5, which are key constituents ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0610977104
PubMed:: 17267598
PubMed Central:: PMC1794296
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610977104

93. Innate versus adaptive immunity in sticklebacks: evidence for trade-offs from a selection experiment

Author:: Wegner, K. Mathias; Kalbe, Martin; Reusch, Thorsten B. H.
Source:: Evolutionary ecology 2007 v.21 no.4 pp. 473-483
ISSN:: 0269-7653
Subject:: Diplostomum; Gasterosteus aculeatus; adaptive immunity; eye lens; fish; genetic correlation; immune system; immunopathology; innate immunity; metacercariae; parasite load; parasites
Abstract:: ... In vertebrates, the immune system consists of two arms of different characteristics: the innate and the acquired immune response. Parasites that are only shortly exposed to the immune system are most efficiently attacked by fast, constitutive innate immune mechanisms. Here, we experimentally selected within four fish families for high innate resistance versus susceptibility of three-spined stickle ...
DOI:: 10.1007/s10682-006-9129-5
: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-006-9129-5

94. Interaction of Brucella suis and Brucella abortus Rough Strains with Human Dendritic Cells

Author:: Billard, Elisabeth; Dornand, Jacques; Gross, Antoine
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.12 pp. 5916-5923
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; Brucella melitensis biovar Suis; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; antigens; bacteria; brucellosis; dendritic cells; humans; immune response; interleukin-12; lipopolysaccharides; mutants; pathogens; phenotype; virulence
Abstract:: ... Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen of various mammals and the etiological agent of brucellosis. We recently demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs), which are critical components of adaptive immunity, are highly susceptible to Brucella infection. Furthermore, Brucella prevented the infected DCs from engaging in maturation processes and impaired their capacity to present antigen to na ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00931-07
PubMed:: 17938225
PubMed Central:: PMC2168365
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00931-07

95. Legionella pneumophila Infection Up-Regulates Dendritic Cell Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR4 Expression and Key Maturation Markers

Author:: Rogers, James; Hakki, Amal; Perkins, Izabella; Newton, Catherine; Widen, Ray; Burdash, Nicholas; Klein, Thomas; Friedman, Herman
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.6 pp. 3205-3208
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Legionella pneumophila; adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; major histocompatibility complex; mice; receptors
Abstract:: ... Dendritic cells (DCs) have a critical role in linking innate to adaptive immunity, and this transition is regulated by the up-regulation of costimulatory and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules as well as Toll-like receptors. These changes in DCs have been observed to occur following microbial infection, and in the present study, we examined the effect of Legionella pneumophila infect ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01950-06
PubMed:: 17371856
PubMed Central:: PMC1932887
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01950-06

96. Mice Lacking Components of Adaptive Immunity Show Increased Brucella abortus virB Mutant Colonization

Author:: Rolán, Hortensia García; Tsolis, Renée M.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.6 pp. 2965-2973
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; adaptive immunity; animal models; genes; macrophages; mice; mixed infection; mutants; secretion; spleen
Abstract:: ... The Brucella abortus type IV secretion system (T4SS), encoded by the virB genes, is essential for survival in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. In the mouse model, a B. abortus virB mutant was initially able to colonize the spleen at the level of the wild type for approximately 3 to 5 days, which coincided with the development of adaptive immunity. To investigate the relationship between survival i ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01896-06
PubMed:: 17420243
PubMed Central:: PMC1932909
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01896-06

97. PapA1 and PapA2 are acyltransferases essential for the biosynthesis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor Sulfolipid-1

Author:: Kumar, Pawan; Schelle, Michael W.; Jain, Madhulika; Lin, Fiona L.; Petzold, Christopher J.; Leavell, Michael D.; Leary, Julie A.; Cox, Jeffery S.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.
Source:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 v.104 no.27 pp. 11221-11226
ISSN:: 0027-8424
Subject:: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; acylation; acyltransferases; adaptive immunity; animal models; biosynthesis; human diseases; lipids; mutants; patients; proteins; virulence
Abstract:: ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces numerous exotic lipids that have been implicated as virulence determinants. One such glycolipid, Sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), consists of a trehalose-2-sulfate (T2S) core acylated with four lipid moieties. A diacylated intermediate in SL-1 biosynthesis, SL₁₂₇₈, has been shown to activate the adaptive immune response in human patients. Although several proteins involved ...
DOI:: 10.1073/pnas.0611649104
PubMed:: 17592143
PubMed Central:: PMC2040880
: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611649104

98. Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase-Dependent, MyD88-Independent Induction of CC-Type Chemokines Characterizes the Macrophage Response to Toxoplasma gondii Strains with High Virulence

Author:: Lee, Chiang W.; Sukhumavasi, Woraporn; Denkers, Eric Y.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.12 pp. 5788-5797
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Toxoplasma gondii; adaptive immunity; chemokines; inflammation; macrophages; mice; phenotype; signal transduction; virulence
Abstract:: ... Chemokines play an important role in inflammation and infection due to their ability to recruit cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we examined mouse macrophage chemokine responses during intracellular infections with high- and low-virulence Toxoplasma gondii strains. The high-virulence type I strain RH induced a large panel of CC-type chemokines, whereas responses elicited by strains PTG ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.00821-07
PubMed:: 17908814
PubMed Central:: PMC2168350
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00821-07

99. Resistance to chytridiomycosis varies among amphibian species and is correlated with skin peptide defenses

Author:: Woodhams, D.C.; Ardipradja, K.; Alford, R.A.; Marantelli, G.; Reinert, L.K.; Rollins-Smith, L.A.
Source:: Animal conservation 2007 v.10 no.4 pp. 409-417
ISSN:: 1367-9430
Subject:: Limnodynastes; Litoria; adaptive immunity; amphibians; antimicrobial peptides; defense mechanisms; disease resistance; emerging diseases; fungi; pathogens; survival rate
Abstract:: ... Innate immune mechanisms of defense are especially important to ectothermic vertebrates in which adaptive immune responses may be slow to develop. One innate defense in amphibian skin is the release of abundant quantities of antimicrobial peptides. Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians caused by the skin fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Susceptibility to chytridio ...
DOI:: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00130.x
: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00130.x

100. Role of D-Alanylation of Streptococcus gordonii Lipoteichoic Acid in Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Author:: Chan, Karenn G.; Mayer, Matt; Davis, Elisabeth M.; Halperin, Scott A.; Lin, Tong-Jun; Lee, Song F.
Source:: Infection and immunity 2007 v.75 no.6 pp. 3033-3042
ISSN:: 0019-9567
Subject:: Gram-positive bacteria; Streptococcus gordonii; adaptive immunity; colonizing ability; dendritic cells; genes; human cell lines; humans; immune response; interleukin-6; mice; mutants; nisin; pertussis toxin; polymyxin B; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:: ... In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using the oral commensal gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus gordonii as a live vaccine vector. The present study investigated the role of D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the interaction of S. gordonii with the host innate and adaptive immune responses. A mutant strain defective in D-alanylation was generated by inactivation of ...
DOI:: 10.1128/IAI.01549-06
PubMed:: 17420241
PubMed Central:: PMC1932883
: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01549-06

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1. Implications of hemolin glycosylation and Ca²⁺‐binding on homophilic and cellular interactions

2. pMGA phenotypic variation in Mycoplasma gallisepticum occurs in vivo and is mediated by trinucleotide repeat length variation

3. Virulence criteria for Brucella abortus strains as determined by interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient mice

4. Vitamin A as an anti-inflammatory agent

5. Biological activity of immunostimulatory CpG DNA motifs in domestic animals

6. Comparative fine maps of bovine toll-like receptor 4 and toll-like receptor 2 regions

7. Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris

8. Duplication and selection in the evolution of primate β-defensin genes

9. Effect of beta-Carotene Supplementation on Plasma and Yolk IgY Levels Induced by NDV Vaccination in Japanese Quail

10. Lack of TNF alpha supports persistence of a plasmid encoding the bovine leukaemia virus in TNF−/− mice

11. Prevalence of coccidia parasites (Protozoa) in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris): effects of host phenotype and environmental factors

12. Principles of Immunology

13. Resistance, susceptibility, and immunity to cecal coccidiosis: effects of B complex and alloantigen system L

14. TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response

15. Assembly of MHC class I peptide complexes from the perspective of disulfide bond formation

16. Comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations

17. Immunoperoxidase studies of cell mediated immune effector cell populations in early Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep

18. Live Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) elicit dendritic cell responses that differ from those induced by killed S. Typhimurium

19. Molecular/chemical ecology in sponges: evidence for an adaptive antibacterial response in Suberites domuncula

20. Study of host–pathogen interactions to identify sustainable vaccine strategies to Marek’s disease

21. CX₃CR1-Mediated Dendritic Cell Access to the Intestinal Lumen and Bacterial Clearance

22. Characterization of the Helicobacter pylori Cysteine-Rich Protein A as a T-Helper Cell Type 1 Polarizing Agent

23. Dendritic cell expansion occurs in mesenteric lymph nodes of B10.BR mice infected with the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris

24. An Early Intestinal Mucosal Source of Gamma Interferon Is Associated with Resistance to and Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Mice

25. Editing at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

26. Establishment of Cloned Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Analysis of p44 Gene Conversion within an Infected Horse and Infected SCID Mice

27. Giardia lamblia-Induced Changes in Gene Expression in Differentiated Caco-2 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

28. Helicobacter pylori Induces Interleukin-8 Secretion by Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 5-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

29. Host and Bacterial Factors Contributing to the Clearance of Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Model

30. Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut

31. The Innate Immune System Is Activated by Stimulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cells with Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1

32. Interleukin-17/Interleukin-17 Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Important for Generation of an Optimal Polymorphonuclear Response against Toxoplasma gondii Infection

33. Intranasal Interleukin-12 Treatment for Protection against Respiratory Infection with the Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain

34. The Natural Killer Complex Regulates Severe Malarial Pathogenesis and Influences Acquired Immune Responses to Plasmodium berghei ANKA

35. Nod2-Dependent Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in the Intestinal Tract

36. Oral Mucosal Endotoxin Tolerance Induction in Chronic Periodontitis

37. PDK1 Nucleates T Cell Receptor-Induced Signaling Complex for NF-[kappa]B Activation

38. A Point of View: HIV-1/AIDS is an Allergy but CpG ODN Treatments may Inhibit Virus Replication and Reactivate the Adaptive Immunity – Hypothesis and Implications

39. Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Primates by Using Synthetic Type D/A Oligodeoxynucleotides Expressing CpG Motifs

40. The Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Encoded Type III Secretion Systems Can Translocate Chlamydia trachomatis Proteins into the Cytosol of Host Cells

41. Staphylococcus aureus Deficient in Lipidation of Prelipoproteins Is Attenuated in Growth and Immune Activation

42. Structural and Genetic Diversity of Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharides

43. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates the Proinflammatory Milieu in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Brain Abscess

44. CD27 mediates interleukin-2-independent clonal expansion of the CD8⁺ T cell without effector differentiation

45. CD4⁺-T-Cell Effector Functions and Costimulatory Requirements Essential for Surviving Mucosal Infection with Citrobacter rodentium

46. Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Mice with Limited Enteric Flora

47. A Critical Role for the Innate Immune Signaling Molecule IRAK-4 in T Cell Activation

48. Ectoparasites and age-dependent survival in a desert rodent

49. Entamoeba histolytica Infection in Children and Protection from Subsequent Amebiasis

50. Escherichia coli Prevents Phagocytosis-Induced Death of Macrophages via Classical NF-κB Signaling, a Link to T-Cell Activation

51. Flagellin Is an Effective Adjuvant for Immunization against Lethal Respiratory Challenge with Yersinia pestis

52. Flagellin-Independent Regulation of Chemokine Host Defense in Campylobacter jejuni-Infected Intestinal Epithelium

53. Genomic Insights into the Immune System of the Sea Urchin

54. ICP0 antagonizes Stat 1-dependent repression of herpes simplex virus: implications for the regulation of viral latency

55. Immunization Enhances Inflammation and Tissue Destruction in Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis

56. The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to Trichuris muris Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response

57. Molecular Identification, Polymorphism, and Expression Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class IIA and B Genes of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

58. Monoclonal Antibody Detection of CD46 Clustering beneath Neisseria gonorrhoeae Microcolonies

59. Mycobacterium marinum Infection of Adult Zebrafish Causes Caseating Granulomatous Tuberculosis and Is Moderated by Adaptive Immunity

60. PRRs in pathogen recognition

61. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy—a review

62. Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-induced allergy may be controlled by IL-4 and CX3C fractalkine antagonists and CpG ODN as adjuvant: hypothesis and implications for treatment

63. Role of Eosinophils and Neutrophils in Innate and Adaptive Protective Immunity to Larval Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

64. Susceptibility of Prostate Epithelial Cells to Chlamydia muridarum Infection and Their Role in Innate Immunity by Recruitment of Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors 4 and 2 and MyD88 to the Inclusion

65. TprK Sequence Diversity Accumulates during Infection of Rabbits with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols Strain

66. Type, Density, and Location of Immune Cells Within Human Colorectal Tumors Predict Clinical Outcome

67. Yersinia pestis YopJ Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induction and Contributes to Apoptosis of Immune Cells in the Lymph Node but Is Not Required for Virulence in a Rat Model of Bubonic Plague

68. [gamma][delta] T Cells Regulate the Early Inflammatory Response to Bordetella pertussis Infection in the Murine Respiratory Tract

69. A focused microarray approach to functional glycomics: transcriptional regulation of the glycome

70. Adaptive immunity in invertebrates: A straw house without a mechanistic foundation