U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Subject adaptive immunity Remove constraint Subject: adaptive immunity
Start Over

Search

2,768  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 2,768 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Implications of hemolin glycosylation and Ca²⁺‐binding on homophilic and cellular interactions

Author:
Raul Bettencourt; Hans Gunne; Louis Gastinel; Håkan Steiner; Ingrid Faye
Source:
European journal of biochemistry 1999 v.266 no.3 pp. 964-976
ISSN:
0014-2956
Subject:
Hyalophora cecropia; N-acetylglucosamine; Western blotting; adaptive immunity; antibodies; autoradiography; calcium; cell adhesion; digestion; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; fluorescence; glycosylation; hemocytes; immune response; lectins; models; moths; pupae; receptors; recombinant proteins; sialic acids; sialidase
Abstract:
... Insects are useful models for the study of innate immune mechanisms because of their lack of antibodies and receptors involved in adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, hemolin cloned from moths is a soluble and membrane associated Ig‐related molecule that is up‐regulated during immune response [Lanz‐Mendoza, H. & Faye, I. (1999) Dev. Comp. Immunol.23, 359–374]. The hemolin monomeric form has fou ...
DOI:
10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00934.x

2. pMGA phenotypic variation in Mycoplasma gallisepticum occurs in vivo and is mediated by trinucleotide repeat length variation

Author:
Glew, M.D.; Browning, G.F.; Markham, P.F.; Walker, I.D.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2000 v.68 no.10 pp. 6027-6033
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
Mycoplasma gallisepticum; adaptive immunity; antibodies; chickens; gene expression; genes; microsatellite repeats; phenotype; phenotypic variation; surface proteins; virulent strains
Abstract:
... Chickens were infected with a pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the expression of pMGA, the major surface protein, was inferred by examination of colonies from ex vivo cells. Within 2 days postinfection, 40% of cells had ceased the expression of the original pMGA surface protein (pMGA1.1), and by day 6, the majority of recovered cells were in this category. The switch in pMGA phen ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.68.10.6027-6033.2000
PubMed:
10992515
PubMed Central:
PMC101567

3. Virulence criteria for Brucella abortus strains as determined by interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient mice

Author:
Ko, J.; Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A.; Ficht, T.A.; Splitter, G.A.
Source:
Infection and immunity 2002 v.70 no.12 pp. 7004-7012
ISSN:
0019-9567
Subject:
Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; adaptive immunity; animal models; brucellosis; death; hepatitis; hepatotoxicity; hosts; interferon regulatory factors; mice; mutants; virulence
Abstract:
... Interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient (IRF-1-/-) mice infected with virulent Brucella abortus 2308 at 5 x 10(5) CFU developed acute hepatitis similar to many natural hosts but, unlike natural hosts, IRF-1-/- mice were unable to resolve infection and died. In contrast, IRF-1-/- mice survived when infected at 5 x 10(5) CFU with several attenuated Brucella strains (S19, RB51, cbp, and cyd). The su ...
DOI:
10.1128/IAI.70.12.7004-7012.2002
PubMed:
12438380
PubMed Central:
PMC132959

4. Vitamin A as an anti-inflammatory agent

Author:
Reifen, Ram
Source:
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2002 v.61 no.3 pp. 397-400
ISSN:
0029-6651
Subject:
acne; adaptive immunity; animal models; anti-inflammatory agents; disease prevention; immune system; infectious diseases; inflammation; vitamin A; vitamin deficiencies
Abstract:
... Vitamin A is necessary for normal differentiation of epithelial tissues, the visual process and reproduction, and is vital for the optimal maintenance and functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most profuse nutritional deficiencies worldwide. It is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in both man and animal models. Vitami ...
DOI:
10.1079/PNS2002172
PubMed:
12230799

5. Biological activity of immunostimulatory CpG DNA motifs in domestic animals

Author:
Mutwiri, G.; Pontarollo, R.; Babiuk, S.; Griebel, P.; Van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S.; Tsang, C.; Mena, A.; Alcon, V.; Nichani, A.; Ioannou, X.; Gomis, S.; Townsend, H.; Hecker, R.; Potter, A.; Babiuk, L.A.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.2 pp. 89-103
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
DNA; Toll-like receptor 9; adaptive immunity; animal models; bioactive properties; clinical trials; cytokines; disease models; domestic animals; humans; hypersensitivity; immune response; infectious diseases; innate immunity; nucleotide motifs; oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Abstract:
... Bacterial DNA contains a much higher frequency of CpG dinucleotides than are present in mammalian DNA. Furthermore, bacterial CpG dinucleotides are often not methylated. It is thought that these two features in combination with specific flanking bases constitute a CpG motif that is recognized as a “danger” signal by the innate immune system of mammals and therefore an immune response is induced wh ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00246-5

6. Comparative fine maps of bovine toll-like receptor 4 and toll-like receptor 2 regions

Author:
Stephen N. White; Srinivas R. Kata; James E. Womack
Source:
Mammalian genome 2003 v.14 no.2 pp. 149-155
ISSN:
0938-8990
Subject:
Toll-like receptor 2; Toll-like receptor 4; adaptive immunity; cattle; chromosomes; genes; humans; hybrids
Abstract:
... : AbstractToll-like receptors are cell-surface receptors that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. We have used a 5000-rad, whole-genome radiation hybrid panel to map Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to the distal end of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 8, and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to the proximal end of bovine Chr 17. To facilitate comparative mapping and contig construction, we have also used ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00335-002-2213-4

7. Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris

Author:
Foss, Dennis L.; Bennaars, Antoinette M.; Pennell, Christopher A.; Moody, Mark D.; Murtaugh, Michael P.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.3-4 pp. 205-215
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
messenger RNA; concanavalin A; bone marrow cells; antigens; Komagataella pastoris; adaptive immunity; dendritic cells; glycosylation; monocytes; vaccines; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; vaccine adjuvants; yeasts; splenocytes; interleukin-4; swine
Abstract:
... Dendritic cells (DC) are potent inducers of acquired immunity due to their ability to present antigens in the context of a costimulatory environment and consequently serve an essential role in vaccine efficacy. Strategies to enhance their function, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 treatment to induce DC differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes, may ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00002-3

8. Duplication and selection in the evolution of primate β-defensin genes

Author:
Colin AM Semple; Mark Rolfe; Julia R Dorin
Source:
Genome biology 2003 v.4 no.5 pp. 541
ISSN:
1474-760X
Subject:
adaptive immunity; anti-infective properties; bacteria; cystic fibrosis; evolution; exons; fungi; human diseases; humans; innate immunity; loci; pathogens; peptides; pseudogenes; signal peptide; viruses
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against microorganisms in vertebrates and acts by providing an initial barrier to microorganisms and triggering adaptive immune responses. Peptides such as β-defensins are an important component of this defense, providing a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and several enveloped viruses. β-defensi ...
DOI:
10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-r31
PubMed:
12734011
PubMed Central:
PMC156587

9. Effect of beta-Carotene Supplementation on Plasma and Yolk IgY Levels Induced by NDV Vaccination in Japanese Quail

Author:
Z. Kiss; L. Bárdos; C. Szabó; L. Lengyel; M. Szabó
Source:
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research 2003 v.73 no.4 pp. 285-289
ISSN:
0300-9831
Subject:
Avian orthoavulavirus 1; Coturnix japonica; adaptive immunity; antibody formation; beta-carotene; blood sampling; chicks; diet; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoglobulin Y; immunomodulators; quails; sex ratio; vaccination; vaccines; vitamin A
Abstract:
... Newly hatched Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing different levels of retinoids (vitamin A) or beta-carotene. Group A received a commercial diet containing 10000 IU vitamin A per kilogram. The diets of Groups B, C, and D contained no vitamin A but were supplemented with 1-, 2.5-, and 5-fold retinol equivalents of beta-carotene. Each group contained 16 quail ...
DOI:
10.1024/0300-9831.73.4.285

10. Lack of TNF alpha supports persistence of a plasmid encoding the bovine leukaemia virus in TNF−/− mice

Author:
Müller, Catherine; Coffey, Tracey J.; Koss, Michael; Teifke, Jens Peter; Langhans, Wolfgang; Werling, Dirk
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.92 no.1-2 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Bovine leukemia virus; adaptive immunity; antibodies; blood serum; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; innate immunity; mice; plasmids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ruminants; splenocytes; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is well recognised for its role in mediating innate immune responses. However, the mechanisms of TNF that influence the adaptive immune response to viral infections are poorly understood. Over recent years, there has been evidence to suggest a role for TNF in the early phase of infection of ruminants with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). In this study, we infected TNF−/− ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00020-5

11. Prevalence of coccidia parasites (Protozoa) in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris): effects of host phenotype and environmental factors

Author:
Sandro Bertolino; Luc A. Wauters; Luc De Bruyn; Giorgio Canestri-Trotti
Source:
Oecologia 2003 v.137 no.2 pp. 286-295
ISSN:
0029-8549
Subject:
Cryptosporidium parvum; Eimeria; Protozoa; Sciurus vulgaris; adaptive immunity; intestines; parasites; phenotype; population density; social structure; squirrels; Alps region
Abstract:
... We investigated the relative importance of environmental factors versus host phenotype in determining parasite prevalence in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). One hundred and forty-three fecal samples of 116 different squirrels collected in 2000 and 2001 from five study areas in the Italian Alps, were examined for intestinal protozoans. Two species of Eimeria were present with a medium to ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00442-003-1345-x

12. Principles of Immunology

Author:
Ashley K. Lentz; Robert J. Feezor
Source:
Nutrition in clinical practice v.18 no.6 pp. 451-460
ISSN:
1941-2452
Subject:
adaptive immunity; complications (disease); immune response; immune system; memory; pathogens
Abstract:
... The immune system, composed of innate and acquired immunity, allows an organism to fight off foreign pathogens. Healthy immunity accomplishes four essential principles: (1) ability to detect and fight off infection; (2) ability to recognize a host's own cells as “self,” thereby protecting them from attack; (3) a memory from previous foreign infections; and (4) ability to limit the response after t ...
DOI:
10.1177/0115426503018006451

13. Resistance, susceptibility, and immunity to cecal coccidiosis: effects of B complex and alloantigen system L

Author:
Medarova, Z.; Briles, W.E.; Taylor, R.L.Jr.
Source:
Poultry science 2003 v.82 no.7 pp. 1113-1117
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
oocysts; sires; coccidiosis; weight gain; analysis of variance; adaptive immunity; dams (mothers); genotype; immunization; progeny; Eimeria tenella; chicks; pedigree
Abstract:
... This study examined alloantigen system L effects on resistance to initial infection and acquired immunity to Eimeria tenella infection in three B complex genotypes. Experimental progeny segregating for B and L genotypes were produced from pedigree matings of B2B5 L1L2 sires and dams. Chicks were weighed and inoculated with 30,000 E. tenella oocysts at 6 wk of age to evaluate resistance in four tri ...
DOI:
10.1093/ps/82.7.1113

14. TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response

Author:
Werling, Dirk; Jungi, Thomas W.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2003 v.91 no.1 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
T-lymphocytes; Toll-like receptors; adaptive immunity; cattle; cell proliferation; cytokines; gene activation; innate immunity; microorganisms; nitrogen; oxygen; pathogens; protein synthesis
Abstract:
... Invading pathogens are controlled by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Adaptive immunity, which is mediated by B and T lymphocytes, recognises pathogens by rearranged high affinity receptors. However, the establishment of adaptive immunity is often not rapid enough to eradicate microorganisms as it involves cell proliferation, gene activation and protein synthesis. More rapid defe ...
DOI:
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00228-3

15. Assembly of MHC class I peptide complexes from the perspective of disulfide bond formation

Author:
T. B. Dick
Source:
Cellular and molecular life sciences 2004 v.61 no.5 pp. 547-556
ISSN:
1420-682X
Subject:
adaptive immunity; binding sites; chemical elements; disulfide bonds; endoplasmic reticulum; ligands; major histocompatibility complex; peptides; redox reactions; thioredoxins
Abstract:
... Assembly of functional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide complexes within the endoplasmic reticulum is critically important for the development of an adaptive immune response. The highly regulated loading of peptides onto MHC class I molecules is controlled by a multi-component chaperone system called the MHC class I peptide loading complex. The recent identification of the th ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00018-003-3271-9

16. Comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations

Author:
Javier Millán; Christian Gortazar; María Paz Martín-Mateo; Rafael Villafuerte
Source:
Parasitology research 2004 v.93 no.1 pp. 79-85
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Alectoris rufa; Cuclotogaster; Goniocotes; Goniodes; Hyalomma; Ixodes; Menacanthus; Menopon; adaptive immunity; adults; body condition; farms; fauna; juveniles; lice; parasitism; partridges; species diversity; surveys; ticks; wild birds
Abstract:
... We compared the ectoparasite fauna of 89 wild red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) from four hunting estates and 25 farm-reared partridges from three farms. We found 62% of the wild but only 20% of the farmed partridges harboured ectoparasites. On the wild partridges, one hippoboscid fly species (Ornithophila metallica, 2%), two tick species (Ixodes frontalis, 2%; Hyalomma sp., 17%) and eight lo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-004-1113-9

17. Immunoperoxidase studies of cell mediated immune effector cell populations in early Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep

Author:
Reddacliff, L.A.; McClure, S.J.; Whittington, R.J.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.97 no.3-4 pp. 149-162
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; adaptive immunity; cattle; ileum; interferon-gamma; jejunum; lambs; lymph nodes; lysozyme; models; mucosa; paratuberculosis
Abstract:
... Immunoperoxidase (IPX) labelling for CD4, CD8, TCR-γδ, WC1, CD1b, IFN-γ, CD45R, CD56 and lysozyme was used to investigate changes in cell mediated immune effector cell populations in the intestinal Peyer’s patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes of lambs, 2 and 4 months after experimental infection with low doses of sheep strain Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis). ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.09.001

18. Live Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) elicit dendritic cell responses that differ from those induced by killed S. Typhimurium

Author:
Norimatsu, Mari; Chance, Victoria; Dougan, Gordon; Howard, Christopher J.; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.98 no.3-4 pp. 193-201
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
Salmonella Typhimurium; T-lymphocytes; adaptive immunity; bacteria; cattle; dendritic cells; gene expression regulation; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; immune response; interleukin-12; interleukin-6; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:
... The immune response of bovine monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DC) exposed to either live or killed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was compared. Both live and killed bacteria induced changes in morphology with distinctive formation of processes and up-regulation of the ability of DC to stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Also, both live and killed bacteria up-regulated the expres ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.12.008

19. Molecular/chemical ecology in sponges: evidence for an adaptive antibacterial response in Suberites domuncula

Author:
W. E. G. Müller; M. Klemt; N. L. Thakur; H. C. Schröder; A. Aiello; M. D'Esposito; M. Menna; E. Fattorusso
Source:
Marine biology 2004 v.144 no.1 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
0025-3162
Subject:
Porifera; adaptive immunity; animals; antibacterial properties; cell culture; chemical ecology; cytokines; endotoxins; enzymes; lipopolysaccharides; models; platelet-activating factor
Abstract:
... Sponges (Porifera) represent the evolutionary oldest metazoan phylum still extant today. They have developed a complex Bauplan, based on the existence of structural and regulatory molecules; many of these have been cloned and analyzed in the past years. The demosponge Suberites domuncula has been used as a suitable model to demonstrate that these animals not only possess an adaptive immune respons ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00227-003-1184-7

20. Study of host–pathogen interactions to identify sustainable vaccine strategies to Marek’s disease

Author:
Baaten, B.J.G.; Butter, C.; Davison, T.F.
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2004 v.100 no.3-4 pp. 165-177
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Mardivirus; Marek disease; adaptive immunity; chickens; genetic resistance; host-pathogen relationships; immune response; live vaccines; paralysis; pathogenesis; vaccination; viruses
Abstract:
... Marek’s disease virus is a highly cell-associated, lymphotropic α-herpesvirus that causes paralysis and neoplastic disease in chickens. The disease has been contained by vaccination with attenuated viruses and provides the first evidence for a malignant cancer being controlled by an antiviral vaccine. Marek’s disease pathogenesis is complex, involving cytolytic and latent infection of lymphoid cel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.009